RAMCHANDRA CHILKAWAR - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by RAMCHANDRA CHILKAWAR

The present research work focusses on the improvement and assessment of ophthalmic medication del... more The present research work focusses on the improvement and assessment of ophthalmic medication delivery system based on the idea of pH dependent in situ gelation for betaxolol hydrochloride (betaxolol HCl), an anti-glaucoma operator, to conquer the issues of poor bioavailability and therapeutic response showed by conventional formulations based a sol-to-gel change in the parkway up on instillation. Carbopol 940 was utilized as pH sensitive gelling agent alongside HPMC as consistency upgrading specialist. Plans were assessed for pH, clearness, sedate substance, gelling limit, and in-vitro drug discharge. The defined framework was clear in appearance; pH of framework was inside scope of 5.1 – 5.6 and gave supported arrival of the medication over an eight-hour time span. The created framework in this manner is a reasonable option to customary eye drops and can be utilized as an in-situ gelling vehicle to improve ocular bioavailability and the reduction in the recurrence of instillation along these lines bringing better patient compliance.

In this research work we developed and validated UV spectrometric method for bivalirudin and it ... more In this research work we developed and validated UV spectrometric method
for bivalirudin and it is simple, accurate, fast, cost efficient, reproducible method.
This method developed for the estimation of bivalirudin in bulk and finished
pharmaceutical dosage form. Based on measurement of absorption of UV light,
the spectra of bivalirudin in water showed maximum absorption wavelength
(λ max) at 276 nm. The calibration curve plotted over the concentration range
from 2-20 μg/ml of bivalirudin with correlation coefficient 0.998. Validation
was performed as per ICH Q2 guidelines for the linearity, accuracy, precision
and recovery. Developed method has good reproducibility with % Relative
Standard Deviation (RSD) less than one. Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of
Quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.5892μg/ml and 1.785μg/ml respectively
by simple UV Spectrophotometric. Thus proposed method can successfully
applied for bivalirudin in routine analysis work.

Poor bioavailability of ophthalmic solutions caused by dilution and drainage from the eye can be ... more Poor bioavailability of ophthalmic solutions caused by dilution and drainage from the eye can be overcome by using in situ
forming ophthalmic drug delivery systems prepared from polymers that exhibits reversible liquid-gel phase transitions. This
may result in better ocular availability of the drug. The aim of this work was to develop an ophthalmic drug delivery system
on concept of temperature dependent in situ gelation for Betaxolol HCl, an antiglaucoma agent. Poloxamer 407 was used
as temperature sensitive gelling agent along with HPMC as viscosity enhancing agent. The promising formulations F3
of temperature dependent in situ gel showed drug release 76.27% at end of 8 hours. The formulated system was clear
in appearance, pH of system was within range of 5.1–7.14 and provided sustained release of the drug over an 8 hour
period. The developed system is thus a viable alternative to conventional eye drops.

Vesicular carrier systems (liposomes & niosomes) are one of the potential candidates for vaccine... more Vesicular carrier systems (liposomes & niosomes) are one of the
potential candidates for vaccine delivery by the oral route. But its
instability in gastrointestinal environment makes it less applicable
to be used for the purpose of oral immunization. This necessitates
larger and more frequent doses of antigen for vaccination. Drug
delivery system overcomes which a lipid vesicle is containing bile
salts (bilosome), which prevents antigen degradation and enhances
mucosal penetration. New generation bilosomes are more stable in
gastrointestinal tract. This review is sharply focused on comparative
overview of liposomes, niosomes and bilosomes. Biolosomes benefits,
future perspective, market application characterization and stability
of bilosomes.

ABSTRACT Mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Montelukast sodium were prepared with an objective of en... more ABSTRACT
Mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Montelukast sodium were prepared with an objective of enhancing the bioavailability by minimizing first pass metabolism. The buccal tablet were prepared by using Carbopol 934P and HPMC K4M as primary polymers alone and in combination with secondary polymers like Chitosan, Sodium alginate in varying concentration by direct compression method. Estimation of Montelukast sodium was carried out spectrophotometrically at 248 nm. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, surface pH, swelling index, In-vitro drug release, mucoadhesive strength and also the effect of secondary polymer concentration on these parameters was studied. Short-term stability studies (40±2o C/75±5% RH for 3 months) indicated that the
buccal tablets are stable with respect to drug content and dissolution. All the tablets showed good mucoadhesive strength of 4.00 to 8.00 gm and force of adhesion increased with increase in polymer concentration and drug release reduced consequently. The surface pH of the tablet was in the range of 6.6 to 6.9 which does not irritate mucosa. The formulations CP1 (containing 30% carbopol 934P) and HP1 (containing 30% HPMC K4M) were found to be promising, which showed t50%, t70% and t90% values of 3.41h, 6.17 h, 7.34h & 3.20 h, 5.48h, 7.16 h and drug released 95.36 and 99.00% within 8 h respectively. These formulations have displayed good bioadhesion strength (5.1 and 4.0 gm respectively).

The objective of the current study was to develop and optimize a sublingual tablet of Pantoprazol... more The objective of the current study was to develop and optimize a sublingual tablet of Pantoprazole sodium which is an effective drug in the treatment of peptic ulcer such as duodenal and gastric ulcer. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different superdisintegrating agents such as crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, kyrone T-314. The compatibility studies of drug and excipients were performed by FTIR spectroscopy. After examining the flow properties of the powder blends, the results are found to be within prescribed limits and indicated good flowing property, it was subjected to tablet compression. The tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters like weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, and in-vitro disintegration time, in
vitro drug release study. An optimized tablet formulation i.e. F9 was found which provided short wetting time of 28 sec, in-vitro disintegration time of 29sec which facilitates its faster disintegration and higher the drug content of 98.99%, the best in-vitro drug release was found to be in formulation F9 i.e. 94.01% during the end of 14min. From the above results, it indicate that formulation F9 containing equal ratio of different superdisintegrating agents (1:1:1) emerged as the overall best formulation based on drug release characteristics with pH 6.8 phosphate buffer as dissolution medium. Stability studies were carried out which indicate that selected formulation (F7, F8, F9) was stable.

ABSTRACT The objective of the work was to Design and evaluate the Dispersible drug delivery syst... more ABSTRACT
The objective of the work was to Design and evaluate the Dispersible drug delivery system containing Fexofenadine HCl (FEX) as a model drug. FEX tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method incorporating Crospovidone, cross caramellose sodium, Doshion-Ds, Doshion-D as disintegrants. MCC and lactose were used as diluents, magnesium stearate and talc used as lubricant and glidant. Aspartame as sweetening agent, vanilla as flavoring agent, Erythrosine supra as coloring agent, Aerosil, Pregelatinised starch as suspending and binding agent respectively. Dissolution profiles were studied in 0.1N HCl medium. Tablets were also evaluated for standards of dispersible tablets and were compared with marketed products. The optimized formulation was checked for stability at 30ºC, 65% RH and 40ºC, 75% RH which was found to be stable. The drug release profile
of the both formulations was well released within 30 minutes and uniform drug release as compared with marketed formulation.
KEYWORDS: Fexofenadine (FEX), Disintegrants, Drug release, Dissolution profile.

Over the years there has been a great revolution in drug delivery technologies. Virosomes deliver... more Over the years there has been a great revolution in drug delivery technologies. Virosomes delivery is an example of the
various novel drug delivery systems available. Virosome is a drug or vaccine delivery mechanism which is spherical and consisting
of unilamellar phospholipid bilayer vesicle with a mean diameter is in range of 120-180 nm. Virosomes represent reconstituted
empty influenza virus envelopes, which contain 70% phosphatidylcholine and remaining 30% neuraminidase (NA) and haemagglutinin
(HA) glycoproteins. Various techniques are used for the loading the drug, protein and peptide like package inside the IRIV
(immunopotentiatin reconstituted influenza virosome), intrigrated into lipid bilayer also anchored into lipid bilayer, crosslinked with
Hemaglutinin (HA) and adsorbed to the membrane. Various protein, peptide, and malarial drugs are loaded in virus to deliver at
particular site to give the targeted drug delivery. The prospect of drug delivery and targeting using virosomes is an interesting field of
research and development. Virosomes are biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and non-autoimmunogenic attempts were made
to use them as a vaccines or pharmaceutical adjuvants as well as delivery systems for pharmaceutical drugs, nucleic acids, genes
for therapeutic application. Virosomes could also be exploited as carriers for targeted drugs and for immunomodulating molecules
particularly in cancer therapy. The success of virosomal drug delivery depends on the methods used to prepare the encapsulated bioactive
materials and incorporate them into the virosomes, characterization and formulation of the finished preparation. This review
article gives an insight of virosomes as a newer method of drug delivery and futuristic tool.

The present research work discussed about the development of a UV spectophotometric method for e... more The present research work discussed about the development of a UV spectophotometric method for
estimation and validation of Carteolol Hydrochloride. It is simple, fast, accurate, cost efficient and
reproducible spectrophotometric method, developed for the estimation of Carteolol Hydrochloride as a
pure Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Based on measurement of absorption of UV light, the
spectra of Carteolol Hydrochloride in simulated tear fluid as a solvent showed maximum absorption
wavelength (λ max) at 229 nm. The calibration curve was plotted over the concentration range from 2-
20 μg/ml of Carteolol Hydrochloride and Beer’s law was obeyed in this concentration range with
correlation coefficient 0.999. Validations were performed as per ICH Q2 guidelines for linearity,
accuracy, precision and recovery. Selected method has good reproducibility with % RSD less than one.
The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.068 and 0.2083
respectively by simple UV spectroscopy method. Proposed validated method can successfully apply for
estimation of Carteolol Hydrochloride in the quality control test, routine analytical work, and in
pharmaceutical formulations.

The present research work discussed the development of a UV spectophotometric method for estima... more The present research work discussed the development of a UV
spectophotometric method for estimation and validation of
Glibenclamide. It is simple, fast, accurate and cost efficient and
reproducible spectrophotometric method, developed for the estimation
of Glibenclamide as a pure API. The wavelength (λ max) was found to
be 230 nm by using ethanol and water in 1:5 ratio as a solvent for the
Glibenclamide. The linearity for this drug at the selected wavelength
lies between 2-14 µg/ml. Beer's law was obeyed in this concentration
range with correlation coefficient of 0.995. The accuracy and precision
of the method were determined and validated according to ICH
guidelines. The method has good reproducibility with % RSD less than
one. Thus proposed method can be successfully applied for
Glibenclamide in routine analysis work.

Keywords: Glibenclamide, API, spectrophotometric method, ICH guidelines.

In this present research work we have developed a validated UV spectrometry method for estimation... more In this present research work we have developed a validated UV spectrometry method for estimation of Betaxolol Hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. The developed method is accurate, cost efficient, fast and reproducible for the estimation of Betaxolol Hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. Based on measurement of absorption of UV light, the spectra of Betaxolol Hydrochloride in simulated tear fluid as a solvent showed maximum absorption wavelength (λ max) at 224 nm. The calibration curve was plotted over the concentration range from 2-200 µg/ml of Betaxolol Hydrochloride with correlation coefficient 0.996. Validation was performed as per ICH Q2 guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. This method has good reproducibility with % RSD less than one. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.2740 and 0.8305 respectively by simple UV spectroscopy. Thus this proposed validated method can successfully apply for estimation of Betaxolol Hydrochloride in quality control, routine analytical work, and in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Keywords: Betaxolol Hydrochloride, Spectrophotometric method, ICH Q2 guidelines

Haem is found in all living cells as well tissues in the form of proteins such as cytochromes, he... more Haem is found in all living cells as well tissues in the form of proteins such as cytochromes, hemoglobin’s and peroxides. This is act as catalyst for the formation of oxygen radicals. Encapsulation of haem or hemoglobin with in lipid vesicles or liposome’s is called “Hemosomes” or it is also called Liposome- encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH). Which are 0.1 to 10 microns in dimension, and it is a technology of preparing artificial red blood substitutes. The synthetic cells are stable being somewhat smaller and stronger than normal red blood cells and are having same electrophoretic movements. Hemoglobin (Hb) encapsulation within a liposome is one of the strategies in the development of artificial oxygen carriers. The review article includes preparation techniques, characterization and stability of Hemosomal drug delivery system.
Keywords: Hemosomes; Hemoglobin encapsulation; Red blood cells; Oxygen carriers; LEH

Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is a potent oral antidiabetic agent and orally active second generation... more Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is a potent oral antidiabetic agent and orally active second generation sulphonyl urea used in lowering bloodglucose in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Keywords: Glibenclamide, API, spectrophotometric method, ICH guidelines.

Keywords: Betaxolol Hydrochloride, Spectrophotometric method, ICH Q2 guidelines