ram mishra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by ram mishra

Research paper thumbnail of Cannabidiol Protects Striatal Neurons by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of hyperactive cyclin dependent kinase 5/p25 is protective in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease

BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in neuronal devel... more BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in neuronal development, maturation and survival. CDK5 activity is tightly regulated by association with regulatory proteins p35 and p39. Upon neuronal insults, increased intracellular calcium activates calpain, cleaving p35 into p25, which has a higher affinity for CDK5. p25 hyperactivates CDK5, initiating apoptotic cascades that lead to significant dopaminergic (DAergic) loss that can leads to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD).ObjectiveThis study investigates hyperactivation of CDK5/p25 in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD and specific inhibition of CDK5/p25 by truncated peptide 5 (TP5). TP5 was investigated for amelioration of 6-OHDA induced behaviour impairments and significant protection of dopamine neurons through tyrosine hydroxylase (TH).Methods6-OHDA induced motor impairments and reduced TH. Motor assessments included locomotor activity, beam transversal,...

Research paper thumbnail of Synapsin II

Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization following RNAi Mediated Knockdown in Drosophila

BIO-PROTOCOL, 2021

Loss of function studies shed significant light on the involvement of a gene or gene product in d... more Loss of function studies shed significant light on the involvement of a gene or gene product in different cellular processes. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a classical yet straightforward technique frequently used to knock down a gene for assessing its function. Similar perturbations in gene expression can be achieved by siRNA, microRNA, or CRISPR-Cas9 methods also. In Drosophila genetics, the UAS-GAL4 system is utilized to express RNAi and make ubiquitous and tissue-specific knockdowns possible. The UAS-GAL4 system borrows genetic components of S. cerevisiae, hence rule out the possibility of accidental expression of the system. In particular, this technique uses a target-specific shRNA, and the expression of the same is governed by the upstream activating sequence (UAS). Controlled expression of GAL4, regulated by specific promoters, can drive the interfering RNA expression ubiquitously or in a tissue-specific manner. The knockdown efficiency is measured by RNA isolation and semiquantitative RT-PCR reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. We have employed immunostaining procedure also to assess knockdown efficiency. RNAi provides researchers with an option to decrease the gene product levels (equivalent to hypomorph condition) and study the outcomes. UAS-GAL4 based RNAi method provides spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression and helps deduce the function of a gene required during early developmental stages also.

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution of a Large-Scale HIV Prevention Program on Condom Use by Long-Distance Truck Drivers in India: A Decomposition Analysis

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Methods: The study utilizes data from two rounds of the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Ass... more Methods: The study utilizes data from two rounds of the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Assess met along National Highways (IBBS-NH), 2007 and 2009-10. Using the time location cluster sampling approach, major transshipment locations covering the bulk of India’s transport volume along four route corridors were surveyed. Long-distance truck drivers were interviewed about their sexual behaviour, condom use practices, and exposure to HIV prevention interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of Diversity and the Effective Corporate Board

The book discusses the various aspects of diversity of corporate boards in terms of gender, age, ... more The book discusses the various aspects of diversity of corporate boards in terms of gender, age, nationality, tenure, education, experience and personalities. It enumerates the need for such diversity in each category and related concerns. Statistics from around the world support the authors’ claims. The nine chapters in this short book have not been previously published. Explains the dimensions of board diversity and ways to use them to increase effectiveness. Supports its findings with statistics from around the world. Relevant for researchers and professionals working in corporate governance and corporate finance

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chronic Treatment with D2 Allosteric Modulator PAOPA on the Expression of Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF) in Select Brain Regions

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021

Impairment in dopaminergic pathways has been implicated in several detrimental neuropsychiatric a... more Impairment in dopaminergic pathways has been implicated in several detrimental neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. Current approved therapeutic drugs for such conditions treat the symptoms, not the underlying cause, as this requires long-term usage that often causes severe extrapyramidal side effects. A novel allosteric modulator, 3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide (PAOPA), selectively attenuates the dopamine D2 receptor and effectively modulates schizophrenia-like symptoms in preclinical animal models. The pharmacokinetics and toxicological evaluation for this drug also presented its effectiveness in reaching targeted therapeutic regions without showing hematological and metabolic abnormalities in chronic treatment. Recent studies have revealed that cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), an ER located protein secreted upon ER stress, has long-term neuroprotective and neuro-restorative effects on dopaminergic neurons. Given the therapeutic role of PAOPA and the restorative effect of CDNF in the dopaminergic pathway, this study examined the chronic effect of PAOPA treatment on CDNF protein expression in brain regions implicated in neurological disorders. Immunoblot results revealed a 232% striatal increase in CDNF after 7 days of daily injection. Although the mechanism is not entirely understood, this study provides more insight into the potential signalling pathways affected by PAOPA treatment. As extracellular receptor kinase (ERK1/2) is proposed to upregulate CDNF expression following an unfolded protein response and PAOPA treatment increases ERK1/2 expression, PAOPA may indirectly affect CDNF expression by modulating ERK1/2 expression. The restorative effects of CDNF implicate it in the therapeutic mechanism for the potential antipsychotic drug, PAOPA.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in an Animal Model of Mania Induced by d-Amphetamine

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic psychiatric disorder. Evidence indicates... more Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic psychiatric disorder. Evidence indicates that many individuals with BD exhibit high serum levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, which are further associated with mood symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Due to the crosstalk between the periphery and central nervous system in BD, the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been proposed as a key mechanism of the pathophysiology of the disorder. This study aimed to investigate claudin-5 expression – a major protein of the BBB – in the brain of an animal model of mania induced by d-amphetamine (AMPH) and evaluate the effects of treatment with lithium. Results: AMPH-injected animals exhibited increased overall activity in the open field test. In the serum, TBARS levels were augmented in the lithium-treated groups, regardless of AMPH injection, while TNFα was not detected. In the brain, TBARS and TNFα did not differ between groups but were positively and stro...

Research paper thumbnail of {"__content__"=>" MANF Homolog Is Necessary for the Protection of Dopaminergic Neurons and ER Unfolded Protein Response.", "i"=>{"__content__"=>"C. elegans"}}

Frontiers in neuroscience, 2018

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are important for the development, function, and survival of neurons ... more Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are important for the development, function, and survival of neurons in the mammalian system. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) are two recently identified members of a novel family of NTFs in vertebrates that function to protect dopaminergic neurons. Although these genes are conserved across eukaryotes, their mechanism of neuroprotection is not fully understood. Sequence searches for MANF/CDNF homologs in invertebrates have identified a single ortholog that is most related to MANF. Here we report the characterization of the MANF gene, , in the nematode . We found that mutants have an accelerated, age-dependent decline in the survival of dopaminergic neurons. The animals also show increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as revealed by reporter gene expression analysis of , an ER chaperone BiP/GRP78 homolog, suggesting that a failure to regulate the ER unfolded protein response ...

Research paper thumbnail of Differential Expression of Synapsin I and II upon Treatment by Lithium and Valproic Acid in Various Brain Regions

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2018

Due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric illnesses and overlapping mechanisms, patients with psych... more Due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric illnesses and overlapping mechanisms, patients with psychosis are differentially responsive to pharmaceutical drugs. In addition to having therapeutic effects for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers have many clinical applications and are used unconventionally due to their direct and indirect effects on neurotransmitters. Synapsins, a family of neuronal phosphoproteins, play a key regulatory role in neurotransmitter release at synapses. In this study, we investigated the effects of mood stabilizers, lithium, and valproic acid on synapsin gene expression in the rat brain. Intraperitoneal injections of saline, lithium, and valproic acid were administered to male Sprague Dawley rats twice daily for 14 d, corresponding to their treatment group. Following decapitation and brain tissue isolation, mRNA was extracted from various brain regions including the hippocampus, striatum, prefrontal cortex, and frontal corte...

Research paper thumbnail of Synapsin II

Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Asymmetric modulation of a catecholamine-regulated protein in the rat brain, following quinpirole administration

Synapse, 2003

We previously reported a brain-specific 40 kDa catecholamine-regulated protein (CRP40) that binds... more We previously reported a brain-specific 40 kDa catecholamine-regulated protein (CRP40) that binds dopamine (DA) and related catecholamines. CPR40 shares significant sequence homology with human heat shock protein (Hsp70), GRP78/BIP, and human #BQ24193 protein. Recent studies with the DA D(2) receptor antagonist, haloperidol, demonstrated a significant increase in expression of CRP40 in the striatum (STR). The objective of the present study was to investigate CRP40 expression in various brain regions following treatments with the DA D(2)/D(3) receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) in rats and examine possible relationships between neurochemical parameters and locomotor activity. Rats received injections of either QNP (0.5 mg/kg, for 27 days every third day) or saline (SAL) and their locomotor activities were measured for 90 min after each injection. At injection 9, QNP-treated rats showed locomotor activity that was significantly greater than SAL controls (F(2,28) = 3.88, P < 0.05, Duncan's multiple range test, P < 0.05). Neurochemically, acute QNP-treated rats demonstrated significant differential expression of CRP40 in the left/right prefrontal cortex (PFC) relative to SAL-treated rats (-17.76 +/- 2.10%, -10.35 +/- 1.23%, P < 0.001). Chronic QNP significantly decreased CRP40 expression in the STR, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and left/right PFC (-24.85+/- 2.10%, -18.15 +/- 5.64%, -49.13 +/- 7.05%, -25 +/- 3.63%, P < 0.001). Finally, chronic QNP treatment resulted in a significant increase in CRP40 levels in the nucleus accumbens (NA) (+39.32 +/- 7.00%, P < 0.001). Heat shock protein (i.e., Hsp70 or Hsc70) expression remained unaltered following QNP treatment. Since QNP is a DA D(2)/D(3) agonist, alterations in CRP40 expression following QNP treatment suggest the protein's function in dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Research paper thumbnail of Differential modulation of a 40 kDa catecholamine regulated protein in the core and shell subcompartments of the nucleus accumbens following chronic quinpirole and haloperidol administration in the rat

Synapse, 2007

Past reports have shown dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) and the DA D2 recep... more Past reports have shown dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) and the DA D2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol (HAL) display a significant increase in expression of catecholamine regulated protein (CRP40) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the striatum, respectively. The present study investigated the in vivo effects of QNP and HAL on CRP40 protein levels within the core and shell subcompartments of the NAcc. As significant homology exists between CRP40 and Hsp70/Hsc70, parallel studies with inducible Hsp70 and constitutive Hsc70 were conducted to establish the specificity with respect to QNP on Hsp70 and CRP40. Results demonstrated that CRP40 protein was significantly expressed in the shell relative to the core region of NAcc following chronic QNP (+16.28%+/-0.42%, P<0.05) and CRP40 protein was significantly expressed in the core vs. the shell following chronic HAL (+36.02%+/-0.75%, P<0.05). There was no significant change in Hsp70 protein levels following chronic QNP or HAL administration. The results demonstrated selective modulation of CRP40 within NAcc by QNP and HAL treatment, without affecting Hsp70.

Research paper thumbnail of Brain adenylate cyclase activity in the amphetamine sensitized rat

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 1985

Agreateracti~ti~ofadenylatecyclasewas foundindopahne richareasofthese ratsbrains thsn innomalcont... more Agreateracti~ti~ofadenylatecyclasewas foundindopahne richareasofthese ratsbrains thsn innomalcontrolswhentheenzymewas testedwithscdi~fluorideand quanylimidcdiphosphate. 3. These results parallel similar findings in the brains of schizophmnics 0bMned at postmrtfmand supporttheuseofanphetamine sensiti7ation in rats as armdel for schizophrenia.

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive Amination of Glycosyl Aldoses: Synthesis of N ‐Glycosylated β‐Glycosyl Amino Alcohols and their Enzyme Inhibitory Effect

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2004

Abstract Reductive amination of glycosyl aldehydes (1a–c, 2) with glycosyl amino esters (3a–c, 4)... more Abstract Reductive amination of glycosyl aldehydes (1a–c, 2) with glycosyl amino esters (3a–c, 4) in the presence of sodium borohydride gave diglycosylated amino esters (5–15) in good yield. N‐Glycosyl‐glycosylated amino esters were reduced to the respective ...

Research paper thumbnail of Diastereoselective Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Glycosyl Isoxazolines

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2004

Glycosyl nitrile oxides, generated in situ by reaction of glycosyl oximes (3a, 3b, 4) with N-chlo... more Glycosyl nitrile oxides, generated in situ by reaction of glycosyl oximes (3a, 3b, 4) with N-chlorosuccinimide and DBU, on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with substituted alkenes resulted in glycosyl isoxazolines (5, 7-28) in diastereoselective manner. The extent of diastereoselection varies with the nature of substituents both in sugar and alkenes. The compounds synthesized were screened in vitro against many fungi wherein two of the compounds (12, 23) showed significant inhibition against Sporothrix schenckii, Trychophyton mentagrophytes, and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC of 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Heading towards the Safer Highways: an assessment of the Avahan prevention programme among long distance truck drivers in India

BMC Public Health, 2011

Background: Using data from two rounds of a cross-sectional, national-level survey of long-distan... more Background: Using data from two rounds of a cross-sectional, national-level survey of long-distance truck drivers, this paper examines the extent and trend of sexual risk behavior, prevalence of STI/HIV, and the linkage between exposure to HIV prevention programs and safe sex behavior. Methods: Following the time location cluster sampling approach, major transshipment locations covering the bulk of India's transport volume along four routes, NorthEast (NE), North-South (NS), NorthWest (NW) and SouthEast (SE) were surveyed. First round of the survey was conducted in 2007 (sample size 2066) whereas the second round was undertaken in 2009-2010 (sample size 2085). Long distance truck drivers were interviewed about their sexual behaviors, condom use practices, exposure to different HIV prevention interventions, and tested for HIV, reactive syphilis serology, Neiserria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. The key variable of this evaluation studyexposure to HIV prevention interventions was divided into three categories-no exposure, less intensive exposure and intensive exposure. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression methods to understand the relationship between risk behavior and exposure to intervention and between program exposure and condom use.

Research paper thumbnail of Cannabidiol Protects Striatal Neurons by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of hyperactive cyclin dependent kinase 5/p25 is protective in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease

BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in neuronal devel... more BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in neuronal development, maturation and survival. CDK5 activity is tightly regulated by association with regulatory proteins p35 and p39. Upon neuronal insults, increased intracellular calcium activates calpain, cleaving p35 into p25, which has a higher affinity for CDK5. p25 hyperactivates CDK5, initiating apoptotic cascades that lead to significant dopaminergic (DAergic) loss that can leads to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD).ObjectiveThis study investigates hyperactivation of CDK5/p25 in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD and specific inhibition of CDK5/p25 by truncated peptide 5 (TP5). TP5 was investigated for amelioration of 6-OHDA induced behaviour impairments and significant protection of dopamine neurons through tyrosine hydroxylase (TH).Methods6-OHDA induced motor impairments and reduced TH. Motor assessments included locomotor activity, beam transversal,...

Research paper thumbnail of Synapsin II

Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization following RNAi Mediated Knockdown in Drosophila

BIO-PROTOCOL, 2021

Loss of function studies shed significant light on the involvement of a gene or gene product in d... more Loss of function studies shed significant light on the involvement of a gene or gene product in different cellular processes. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a classical yet straightforward technique frequently used to knock down a gene for assessing its function. Similar perturbations in gene expression can be achieved by siRNA, microRNA, or CRISPR-Cas9 methods also. In Drosophila genetics, the UAS-GAL4 system is utilized to express RNAi and make ubiquitous and tissue-specific knockdowns possible. The UAS-GAL4 system borrows genetic components of S. cerevisiae, hence rule out the possibility of accidental expression of the system. In particular, this technique uses a target-specific shRNA, and the expression of the same is governed by the upstream activating sequence (UAS). Controlled expression of GAL4, regulated by specific promoters, can drive the interfering RNA expression ubiquitously or in a tissue-specific manner. The knockdown efficiency is measured by RNA isolation and semiquantitative RT-PCR reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. We have employed immunostaining procedure also to assess knockdown efficiency. RNAi provides researchers with an option to decrease the gene product levels (equivalent to hypomorph condition) and study the outcomes. UAS-GAL4 based RNAi method provides spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression and helps deduce the function of a gene required during early developmental stages also.

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution of a Large-Scale HIV Prevention Program on Condom Use by Long-Distance Truck Drivers in India: A Decomposition Analysis

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Methods: The study utilizes data from two rounds of the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Ass... more Methods: The study utilizes data from two rounds of the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Assess met along National Highways (IBBS-NH), 2007 and 2009-10. Using the time location cluster sampling approach, major transshipment locations covering the bulk of India’s transport volume along four route corridors were surveyed. Long-distance truck drivers were interviewed about their sexual behaviour, condom use practices, and exposure to HIV prevention interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of Diversity and the Effective Corporate Board

The book discusses the various aspects of diversity of corporate boards in terms of gender, age, ... more The book discusses the various aspects of diversity of corporate boards in terms of gender, age, nationality, tenure, education, experience and personalities. It enumerates the need for such diversity in each category and related concerns. Statistics from around the world support the authors’ claims. The nine chapters in this short book have not been previously published. Explains the dimensions of board diversity and ways to use them to increase effectiveness. Supports its findings with statistics from around the world. Relevant for researchers and professionals working in corporate governance and corporate finance

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chronic Treatment with D2 Allosteric Modulator PAOPA on the Expression of Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF) in Select Brain Regions

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021

Impairment in dopaminergic pathways has been implicated in several detrimental neuropsychiatric a... more Impairment in dopaminergic pathways has been implicated in several detrimental neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. Current approved therapeutic drugs for such conditions treat the symptoms, not the underlying cause, as this requires long-term usage that often causes severe extrapyramidal side effects. A novel allosteric modulator, 3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide (PAOPA), selectively attenuates the dopamine D2 receptor and effectively modulates schizophrenia-like symptoms in preclinical animal models. The pharmacokinetics and toxicological evaluation for this drug also presented its effectiveness in reaching targeted therapeutic regions without showing hematological and metabolic abnormalities in chronic treatment. Recent studies have revealed that cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), an ER located protein secreted upon ER stress, has long-term neuroprotective and neuro-restorative effects on dopaminergic neurons. Given the therapeutic role of PAOPA and the restorative effect of CDNF in the dopaminergic pathway, this study examined the chronic effect of PAOPA treatment on CDNF protein expression in brain regions implicated in neurological disorders. Immunoblot results revealed a 232% striatal increase in CDNF after 7 days of daily injection. Although the mechanism is not entirely understood, this study provides more insight into the potential signalling pathways affected by PAOPA treatment. As extracellular receptor kinase (ERK1/2) is proposed to upregulate CDNF expression following an unfolded protein response and PAOPA treatment increases ERK1/2 expression, PAOPA may indirectly affect CDNF expression by modulating ERK1/2 expression. The restorative effects of CDNF implicate it in the therapeutic mechanism for the potential antipsychotic drug, PAOPA.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in an Animal Model of Mania Induced by d-Amphetamine

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic psychiatric disorder. Evidence indicates... more Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic psychiatric disorder. Evidence indicates that many individuals with BD exhibit high serum levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, which are further associated with mood symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Due to the crosstalk between the periphery and central nervous system in BD, the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been proposed as a key mechanism of the pathophysiology of the disorder. This study aimed to investigate claudin-5 expression – a major protein of the BBB – in the brain of an animal model of mania induced by d-amphetamine (AMPH) and evaluate the effects of treatment with lithium. Results: AMPH-injected animals exhibited increased overall activity in the open field test. In the serum, TBARS levels were augmented in the lithium-treated groups, regardless of AMPH injection, while TNFα was not detected. In the brain, TBARS and TNFα did not differ between groups but were positively and stro...

Research paper thumbnail of {"__content__"=>" MANF Homolog Is Necessary for the Protection of Dopaminergic Neurons and ER Unfolded Protein Response.", "i"=>{"__content__"=>"C. elegans"}}

Frontiers in neuroscience, 2018

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are important for the development, function, and survival of neurons ... more Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are important for the development, function, and survival of neurons in the mammalian system. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) are two recently identified members of a novel family of NTFs in vertebrates that function to protect dopaminergic neurons. Although these genes are conserved across eukaryotes, their mechanism of neuroprotection is not fully understood. Sequence searches for MANF/CDNF homologs in invertebrates have identified a single ortholog that is most related to MANF. Here we report the characterization of the MANF gene, , in the nematode . We found that mutants have an accelerated, age-dependent decline in the survival of dopaminergic neurons. The animals also show increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as revealed by reporter gene expression analysis of , an ER chaperone BiP/GRP78 homolog, suggesting that a failure to regulate the ER unfolded protein response ...

Research paper thumbnail of Differential Expression of Synapsin I and II upon Treatment by Lithium and Valproic Acid in Various Brain Regions

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2018

Due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric illnesses and overlapping mechanisms, patients with psych... more Due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric illnesses and overlapping mechanisms, patients with psychosis are differentially responsive to pharmaceutical drugs. In addition to having therapeutic effects for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers have many clinical applications and are used unconventionally due to their direct and indirect effects on neurotransmitters. Synapsins, a family of neuronal phosphoproteins, play a key regulatory role in neurotransmitter release at synapses. In this study, we investigated the effects of mood stabilizers, lithium, and valproic acid on synapsin gene expression in the rat brain. Intraperitoneal injections of saline, lithium, and valproic acid were administered to male Sprague Dawley rats twice daily for 14 d, corresponding to their treatment group. Following decapitation and brain tissue isolation, mRNA was extracted from various brain regions including the hippocampus, striatum, prefrontal cortex, and frontal corte...

Research paper thumbnail of Synapsin II

Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Asymmetric modulation of a catecholamine-regulated protein in the rat brain, following quinpirole administration

Synapse, 2003

We previously reported a brain-specific 40 kDa catecholamine-regulated protein (CRP40) that binds... more We previously reported a brain-specific 40 kDa catecholamine-regulated protein (CRP40) that binds dopamine (DA) and related catecholamines. CPR40 shares significant sequence homology with human heat shock protein (Hsp70), GRP78/BIP, and human #BQ24193 protein. Recent studies with the DA D(2) receptor antagonist, haloperidol, demonstrated a significant increase in expression of CRP40 in the striatum (STR). The objective of the present study was to investigate CRP40 expression in various brain regions following treatments with the DA D(2)/D(3) receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) in rats and examine possible relationships between neurochemical parameters and locomotor activity. Rats received injections of either QNP (0.5 mg/kg, for 27 days every third day) or saline (SAL) and their locomotor activities were measured for 90 min after each injection. At injection 9, QNP-treated rats showed locomotor activity that was significantly greater than SAL controls (F(2,28) = 3.88, P < 0.05, Duncan's multiple range test, P < 0.05). Neurochemically, acute QNP-treated rats demonstrated significant differential expression of CRP40 in the left/right prefrontal cortex (PFC) relative to SAL-treated rats (-17.76 +/- 2.10%, -10.35 +/- 1.23%, P < 0.001). Chronic QNP significantly decreased CRP40 expression in the STR, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and left/right PFC (-24.85+/- 2.10%, -18.15 +/- 5.64%, -49.13 +/- 7.05%, -25 +/- 3.63%, P < 0.001). Finally, chronic QNP treatment resulted in a significant increase in CRP40 levels in the nucleus accumbens (NA) (+39.32 +/- 7.00%, P < 0.001). Heat shock protein (i.e., Hsp70 or Hsc70) expression remained unaltered following QNP treatment. Since QNP is a DA D(2)/D(3) agonist, alterations in CRP40 expression following QNP treatment suggest the protein's function in dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Research paper thumbnail of Differential modulation of a 40 kDa catecholamine regulated protein in the core and shell subcompartments of the nucleus accumbens following chronic quinpirole and haloperidol administration in the rat

Synapse, 2007

Past reports have shown dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) and the DA D2 recep... more Past reports have shown dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) and the DA D2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol (HAL) display a significant increase in expression of catecholamine regulated protein (CRP40) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the striatum, respectively. The present study investigated the in vivo effects of QNP and HAL on CRP40 protein levels within the core and shell subcompartments of the NAcc. As significant homology exists between CRP40 and Hsp70/Hsc70, parallel studies with inducible Hsp70 and constitutive Hsc70 were conducted to establish the specificity with respect to QNP on Hsp70 and CRP40. Results demonstrated that CRP40 protein was significantly expressed in the shell relative to the core region of NAcc following chronic QNP (+16.28%+/-0.42%, P<0.05) and CRP40 protein was significantly expressed in the core vs. the shell following chronic HAL (+36.02%+/-0.75%, P<0.05). There was no significant change in Hsp70 protein levels following chronic QNP or HAL administration. The results demonstrated selective modulation of CRP40 within NAcc by QNP and HAL treatment, without affecting Hsp70.

Research paper thumbnail of Brain adenylate cyclase activity in the amphetamine sensitized rat

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 1985

Agreateracti~ti~ofadenylatecyclasewas foundindopahne richareasofthese ratsbrains thsn innomalcont... more Agreateracti~ti~ofadenylatecyclasewas foundindopahne richareasofthese ratsbrains thsn innomalcontrolswhentheenzymewas testedwithscdi~fluorideand quanylimidcdiphosphate. 3. These results parallel similar findings in the brains of schizophmnics 0bMned at postmrtfmand supporttheuseofanphetamine sensiti7ation in rats as armdel for schizophrenia.

Research paper thumbnail of Reductive Amination of Glycosyl Aldoses: Synthesis of N ‐Glycosylated β‐Glycosyl Amino Alcohols and their Enzyme Inhibitory Effect

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2004

Abstract Reductive amination of glycosyl aldehydes (1a–c, 2) with glycosyl amino esters (3a–c, 4)... more Abstract Reductive amination of glycosyl aldehydes (1a–c, 2) with glycosyl amino esters (3a–c, 4) in the presence of sodium borohydride gave diglycosylated amino esters (5–15) in good yield. N‐Glycosyl‐glycosylated amino esters were reduced to the respective ...

Research paper thumbnail of Diastereoselective Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Glycosyl Isoxazolines

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2004

Glycosyl nitrile oxides, generated in situ by reaction of glycosyl oximes (3a, 3b, 4) with N-chlo... more Glycosyl nitrile oxides, generated in situ by reaction of glycosyl oximes (3a, 3b, 4) with N-chlorosuccinimide and DBU, on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with substituted alkenes resulted in glycosyl isoxazolines (5, 7-28) in diastereoselective manner. The extent of diastereoselection varies with the nature of substituents both in sugar and alkenes. The compounds synthesized were screened in vitro against many fungi wherein two of the compounds (12, 23) showed significant inhibition against Sporothrix schenckii, Trychophyton mentagrophytes, and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC of 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Heading towards the Safer Highways: an assessment of the Avahan prevention programme among long distance truck drivers in India

BMC Public Health, 2011

Background: Using data from two rounds of a cross-sectional, national-level survey of long-distan... more Background: Using data from two rounds of a cross-sectional, national-level survey of long-distance truck drivers, this paper examines the extent and trend of sexual risk behavior, prevalence of STI/HIV, and the linkage between exposure to HIV prevention programs and safe sex behavior. Methods: Following the time location cluster sampling approach, major transshipment locations covering the bulk of India's transport volume along four routes, NorthEast (NE), North-South (NS), NorthWest (NW) and SouthEast (SE) were surveyed. First round of the survey was conducted in 2007 (sample size 2066) whereas the second round was undertaken in 2009-2010 (sample size 2085). Long distance truck drivers were interviewed about their sexual behaviors, condom use practices, exposure to different HIV prevention interventions, and tested for HIV, reactive syphilis serology, Neiserria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. The key variable of this evaluation studyexposure to HIV prevention interventions was divided into three categories-no exposure, less intensive exposure and intensive exposure. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression methods to understand the relationship between risk behavior and exposure to intervention and between program exposure and condom use.