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Papers by RSIS International

RSIS International, 2024

Sex education is aimed at helping students understand the physiological, social and emotional cha... more Sex education is aimed at helping students understand the physiological, social and emotional changes they experience as they mature, develop healthy and rewarding relationships, and make wise, informed and responsible decisions on sexuality matters. It is also hoped to delay sexual debut, forestall teenage pregnancies and reduce STI and HIV infections. This research focuses on the knowledge, attitude and perception of secondary students towards sex education in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State. Furthermore, this study approach to determine why adolescent sexuality is not a much researched topic in Nigeria as in most sub-Saharan countries which revealed the causal factor is attached to restrictive socio- cultural values and norms and why Parents who ought to be the primary educators shy away from their role in the area of sexuality education, leaving it to schools. A multi stage sampling technique was utilized for this study with a sample size of 500 students selected from different secondary schools within Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State. Research data was collected by the utilization of a semi-structured questionnaire which was thereafter subjected to analysis employing fundamental statistical methods, including frequencies, percentages, and chi-square analysis. A significance level of p=0.05 was selected. The results shows that most of respondents had the knowledge on sex education as 151 (30.2%) of male students and 159 (31.8%) of female students had an orientation on sex education in their schools. However, a large percentage of students stated sex education is not efficiently taught in their respective schools. Hence, this study recommends periodic organizing of sex education programs and campaigns for secondary school students, parents and guardians active involvement, Teachers and school management to strengthen moral comportment amidst students, orientation on gender equality and indiscrimination and promotion of Governmental regulations as factors to promote sex education among students and teenagers.

RSIS International, 2024

In tropical Africa, Chrysophyllum albidum fruit is useful as food and also has many industrial ap... more In tropical Africa, Chrysophyllum albidum fruit is useful as food and also has many industrial applications. In this study, oil was extracted from the seeds of C. albidum using normal hexane as the extracting solvent. The average percentage oil recovery using 10g, 20g, 30g, 40g and 50g of thee seed sample was 11.56 % which showed that the seed may not be a good source of abundant oil The physical characterization of the extracted oil showed the density of 0.85 g/ml and pH value of 10.30. The specific gravity of the oil was 0.85 at 20°C which is lower than 0.998 at 20°C, the specific gravity of water indicating that the oil is less dense than water. The oil could be classified as a non-drying oil since its iodine value of 34.00mg/100g was lower than 100. The saponification value was 201.96mg/gKOH. The GC-MS result of the fatty acid composition analysis showed the major fatty acid contained in the oil as palmitic acid, palmitoleic and linoleic acids with percentage weights of 53.97%, 18.40% and 10.25% respectively. The total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition were 71.16% and 28.84% respectively. The high percentage of the palmitic acid content of the oil indicated that it could be used as a good substitiute for palm oil in industrial production of products. From the result of the proximate analysis, protein had the least content in the fruit. The C.albidum fruit peel, pulp, seed flesh, seed shell and seed contained 2.45%, 3.15%, 0.50%, 0.98% and 0.23% of protein respectively. The moisture content of the fruit peel, pulp, seed flesh, seed shell and seed were 65.00%, 85.00%, 85.00%, 55.00% and 70% respectively. The high moisture content of the fruit implies that it will have a short shelf life. From the result of the mineral analysis, the C. albidum peel was found to contain all the minerals analysed and in high percentage too. Na content was 8.962ppm, K was 21.565ppm, Ca was 48.587ppm, Mg was 19.240ppm and Fe was 10.539. It is advisable for people to consume the fruit peel rather than discarding it as some. The iron content of the seed shell was the highest while potassium content of the pulp was the highest. Analysis of the peel, pulp and seed flesh confirmed the high average value of 17.37 mg/100g of vitamin C in the fruit.

IJRSI, 2023

The study was carried out to investigate the level of utilization of local and improved rice prac... more The study was carried out to investigate the level of utilization of local and improved rice practices by value chain actors in Benue and Nasarawa states, Nigeria. The population for the study comprised all the rice value chain actors in Benue and Nasarawa States. The specific objectives of the study were to: investigate the local practices of rice value chain actors; and investigate the level of use of improved practices by rice value chain actors in the study area. It was evident from the study that the pooled percentage for the two states (Benue and Nasarawa) was 22.5% for those who utilized traditional hoes while those who utilized cutlasses in the two states have pooled value of 21.2% and those who utilized winnowing baskets with a pooled value of 19.3% for the two states respectively. The level of utilization of improved practices by rice value chain actors in the two states for marketers, producers and processors have mean pooled value of 2.36, 2.21 and 2.14 respectively. Based on the study, it was concluded that the major local practices of rice value chain actors in the two states are still at crude level and the level of awareness of the rice value chain actors on improved practices is high. It was therefore recommended that, government should make available improved practices which are more less labour intensive but rather with higher performance at affordable price to the rice value chain actors; enough capacity building should be enforced to train intensively more rice value chain actors, and more awareness should be created by government capacity building agents among rice value chain actors on their operation to maximize their performance.

IJRSI, 2023

Corruption continues to be one of the key challenges to the governance and development of many Af... more Corruption continues to be one of the key challenges to the governance and development of many African countries. In Liberia, despite the existence of innumerable anti-corruption strategies, the menace of corruption remains ubiquitous or prevalent. This clearly suggests that the strategies introduced do not explain the fundamental cause(s) of corruption but are rather secondary explanations. Using the qualitative descriptive method with a main emphasis on conceptual normative approach, this paper grounded on a virtue ethics theoretical stance seeks to address the problem of widespread corruption in Liberia. Guided by Tabula rasa and the theory of change as the theoretical framework, the paper conceptually proposed the introduction of character education as the essential strategy for developing an anti-corruption culture. The finding reveals that the main reason for the persistence of corruption in Liberia is a lack of a comprehensive moral value system that can sustainably socialize the rising generation into integrity through character education. The paper concludes that though character education is a long-term solution to the fight against corruption. However, facts have proven its efficacy in other societies as mentioned in this paper. So, if introduce and practice in Liberia accordingly, it is likely to produce similar effects.

I. INTRODUCTION Globally, the number of working children has been decreasing around the world in ... more I. INTRODUCTION
Globally, the number of working children has been decreasing around the world in recent years, but child labour has continued to be a widespread problem today, especially in developing countries (Paola, Viviana, Flavia & Furio2007). International Programme on Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC 2016) reported that between 2012 to 2016, about 182 million children in the developing world aged 5-14 years were engaged in work. Against this background, governments, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have focused their efforts on tackling in particular the worst forms of child labour such as forced and bonded labour, which put children in physically and mentally harmful working conditions (Bunnak 2007).

The exponential growth in energy utilization & consumption in cellular network by the user device... more The exponential growth in energy utilization & consumption in cellular network by the user devices and by telecom equipment has imposed critical problemsbecause of adaptation of high range frequency in available spectrum (Ultra High Frequency-UHF) by government and technology.The other reason for more power consumption is extensive applications of mobile data services to video streaming, surveillance, internet surfing and healthcare monitoring.Other important causes of energy consumption which has been recognized are power-hungry processors, poor design of power amplifiers etc. Presence of different species of foliage in hilly area increases signal attenuation, consequently in order to maintain the threshold value of signal, the power is increased. The recent researches predict that the data traffic is being increased by several-fold every year. Under such predictions, energy expenditure at its control is a major challenging task for telecom companies and for research communities. This paper studies the actual signal intensity drop because of irregular nature of terrestrial pattern and foliage in Illuba Bore zone, from theoretical perspective as well as practical point of view.

In this paper, the Taguchi method is used for the Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on 6... more In this paper, the Taguchi method is used for the Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on 6063 Aluminum Alloy. The Taguchi method L27 is used to optimize the pulsed TIG welding process parameters of 6063 aluminum alloy weldments for maximizing the mechanical properties. Analysis of Variance is used to find the impact of individual factors. Then the optimal parameters of the TIG welding process is determined and the experimental results illustrate the proposed approach.

The objective of the present work is to increase the wear resistance for long life of application... more The objective of the present work is to increase the wear resistance for long life of applications. It is found that increase in the carbides in an alloy which resulted in to enhancement in hardness and wear resistance. The wear resistance was evaluated by testing in accordance with ASTE International Committee G-99 Standard. An improved performance of wear resistanceis obtained by increasing the content of chromium in the carbidic ductile cast iron. The results are discussed based on the influence of chromium content on the casting.

This paper is about the five phases of Six Sigma which are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve& Con... more This paper is about the five phases of Six Sigma which are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve& Control. The methods used in each phase are discussed in detail and the various tests used in Analyze Phase of Six Sigma are given; Six Sigma can be implemented in an organization by using the methods and formulas used in each phase combined with the help of Statistical Software Minitab 18.

In SoC no. of IP block inside it depends upon specific application, increase in the Ip block inc... more In SoC no. of IP block inside it depends upon specific
application, increase in the Ip block increases no. of digital
control lines causes increase in the size of the chip. GPIO helps
internal IP blocks to share digital control lines using MUX and
avoids additional circuitry. Since design productivity cannot
follow the pace of nanoelectronics technology innovation, it has
been required to develop various design methodologies to
overcome this gap. In system level design, various design
methodologies such as IP reuse, automation of platform
integration and verification process have been proposed. GPIO
configuration register decides in which mode system has to work
GPIO has four modes i.e input, output, functional, interrupt. As
per operation particular mode is selected and the operation get
performed. Devices with pin scarcity like integrated circuits such
as system-on-a-chip, embedded and custom hardware, and
programmable logic devices cannot compromise with size can
perform well without additional digital control line circuitry.

A finite element modelling of composite plate with integrated piezoelectric layers, acting as se... more A finite element modelling of composite plate with
integrated piezoelectric layers, acting as sensor/actuator, for
active vibration control is presented in this paper. The
displacement feedback (DF) and direct velocity feedback (DVF)
controls are integrated into the FE software ANSYS to perform
closed loop analysis for vibration control. A smart laminated
composite beam with different layup configurations under free
and forced vibration condition is studied and the results shows
suppression of vibration achieved successfully in both DF and
DVF controls.

Blood Pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of arteries. Normal blood pressure ... more Blood Pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on the
walls of arteries. Normal blood pressure is considered to be a
systolic blood pressure of 120 millimetres of mercury and
diastolic pressure of 80 millimetres of mercury (stated as "120
over 80"). If an individual were to have a consistent blood
pressure reading of 140 over 90, he would be evaluated for
having high blood pressure. If left untreated, high blood pressure
can damage important organs, such as the brain and kidneys, as
well as lead to a stroke. Thus it becomes important to measure
blood pressure as it can lead to early diagnosis of diseases that
may be linked to high or low blood pressure. PTT is the time
taken by the arterial pulse propagating from the heart to a
peripheral site. This can be calculated from ECG signals and
PlethysmoGram signals. Since, PTT has been found to be
correlated to Blood Pressure, it is imperative to calculate PTT
accurately. In this paper, a relation has been developed between
PTT and Blood Pressure using regresssion analysis. Another
indicator, known as the Photoplethysmogram Intensity Ratio,
henceforth known as the PIR has also been used in estimation of
the Blood Pressure. The coding has been done in LabVIEW
which is has a graphical programming syntax that makes it
simple to visualize, create, and code engineering systems.

The quantification of water resources is very essentiaal to water resources management. The Venka... more The quantification of water resources is very essentiaal
to water resources management. The Venkatapura Watershed of
Karnataka has been selected for the present study. The
groundwater recharge is determined by using different empirical
models proposed by Chaturvedi, Up Irrigation Research
Institute, Bhattacharjee, Krishna Rao, Sehgal, Kumar and
Sethapathi. According Sehgal formulae average maximum
groundwater recharge of 34.27% observed and based on
Chaturvedi formulae minimum groundwater recharge of 8.04%
is observed. The correlation analysis reveals that Chaturvedi,
UPRI and Kumar and Sethapathi formulas are nearly same. The
present study helps to calculate groundwater recharge without
hydrogeological methods.

The vulcanizates prepared using non-regulated nitrosamine generating accelerators are reported as... more The vulcanizates prepared using non-regulated
nitrosamine generating accelerators are reported as noncarcinogenic.
Efficient vulcanization system containing nonregulated
single accelerator (either N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-
benzothiazolesulfenamide (DCBS) or N,N-dibenzyl-2-
benzothiazolesulfenamide (DBBS)) was used for the preparation
of safe natural rubber vulcanizates. Safe vulcanizates were also
prepared using the sulfenamide accelerator (DCBS or DBBS) in
binary combination with safe tetrabenzyl thiuramdisulfide
(TBzTD). Comparative study based on cure characteristics and
mechanical property evaluation proved that binary accelerator
based vulcanizates are the best choice. Fluid resistance in oil and
cytotoxicity of the binary accelerator based vulcanizates were
assessed.

RSIS International, 2024

IJRSI, 2023

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2023

Adolescence is a transitional period that everyone goes through after infancy. In adolescence, ho... more Adolescence is a transitional period that everyone goes through after infancy. In adolescence, hormonal and physical changes take place which is evident in appearance of breasts in girls and beard in boys. Socially, the adolescents expand their social circle by spending more time outside family bounds, which disorients them. This is a critical stage of their life when parents are required to offer emotional support, guidance and mentorship. The demise of a parent at this delicate period may worsen the adolescents’ psychosocial wellbeing. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of parents’ death on the psychosocial wellbeing of adolescent orphans in selected orphanages in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by these objectives: to explore the psychosocial wellbeing of orphaned adolescents after the demise of their parents and to explicate the effects of the death of parent (s) on the psychosocial wellbeing of the adolescent orphans living in the selected orphanages. The study used a qualitative research approach. The target population was 175 while the sample size was 10 comprising 6 adolescent orphans and 4 caregivers. The respondents were purposively selected while qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews and observation. The study found out that parental death disrupts adolescent orphans emotionally and socially. It also creates scarcity of the basic needs in the lives of the orphans forcing them to look for help from orphanages. The findings of this research may help parents to prepare in advance the future of their children. Further, the study established that the affected adolescent orphans need counselling especially grief therapy in order to restore their psychosocial wellbeing

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2023

This study presents a mathematical model that aims to study corruption in Kenya. The model is val... more This study presents a mathematical model that aims to study corruption in Kenya. The model is validated both epidemiologically and mathematically, with all solutions demonstrating positivity and boundedness within a meaningful set of initial conditions. By investigating unique corruption-free and endemic equilibrium points, as well as computing the basic reproduction number, we assess the system's behavior. Our analysis reveals that a locally asymptotically stable corruption-free equilibrium point is achieved when the reproduction number is below one, while a locally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium point is attained when the reproduction number exceeds one. Simulation results confirm the agreement with analytical findings. This research enhances our understanding of corruption dynamics and provides valuable insights for designing effective anticorruption strategies in Kenya.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2023

Curcuma longa is a tropical plant whose rhizomes has been used to dye cloth since at least 2500 B... more Curcuma longa is a tropical plant whose rhizomes has been used to dye cloth since at least 2500 BCE but being a natural dye, it has poor to moderate fastness. In this study, an attempt was made to extract turmeric dye from Curcuma longa rhizomes and carry out its chemical modification by the choline chloride method to improve its fastness property when applied to fabrics. Turmeric dye was extracted from the rhizome using acetone and further crystallized with hexane to form the curcumin, the concentrated yellow dye. The characterization of the extracted dye and modified dye was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out using the extracted dye and the modified dye. Fastness properties was also determined on the dyed fabric. Fastness properties of natural Curcuma Longa dyed cotton fabric ranged from moderate [2] to good [4] and that of modified Curcuma Longa dyed cotton fabric ranged from good [4] to excellent [5]. This indicate that the modified fabric has better fastness properties. Dye manufacturing from local plants should be supported using chemical modification to achieve better fastness properties on dyed fabrics.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2023

Noise pollution has become a serious problem nowadays due to the industrial development and urban... more Noise pollution has become a serious problem nowadays due to the industrial development and urbanization. Noise level, in particular, is exceeding being an environmental issue to being a health problem for people. This study investigated the noise levels in residential areas, schools and hotels in North A’ Sharqiyah region in Oman. The area covered by the study is around 20 km2 which includes more than 200 houses, 13 schools and nine hotels. Fourteen different zones have been selected within this area to measure the noise levels. Using a sound level meter (S/N:2019023967) with a 30 to 130 dB measuring range and 1.5 dB accuracy, noise levels were measured. Around 90% of the collected data in the housing area at the city center was higher than the Omani standards (60 dB) and with an exposure time of 10 hours per day. In contrast, the housing areas outside the city center, only 5% of the measured noise was higher than the standards. In schools, it was found that the noise inside the schools is higher than the standards of indoor buildings noise. Furthermore, it was observed that the schools were built in quiet locations where the noise outside the schools met the standards. 70 % of the noise that was measured during the morning assembly in schools was higher than the standards. In hotels, it was found that the noise levels depend on the location of the hotel. The hotels located outside the city center or commercial area were found to be quiet and the noise levels within standards. In contrast, the others which locate in the city center have high noise levels.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2023

Insects, including cricket, fly, locust, and cockroach species, exhibit growth and escape (thigmo... more Insects, including cricket, fly, locust, and cockroach species, exhibit growth and escape (thigmotactic) responses to aversive stimuli. This study aimed to investigate the growth rate and thigmotactic behavior of Turkestan cockroaches (Blatta lateralis) under different illumination conditions: natural (direct) sunlight, artificial white light, and dark control in Davao City, Philippines. In this study, gentle agitation of the container (i.e., wind puffs and food drops during feeding) stimuli stimulated B. lateralis, and the more they are exposed to natural (direct) sunlight and other bright displays, the lesser they survive, and their growths are. Thigmotaxis and body length were measured weekly starting on the 5th week of observation, utilizing the six experimentally nymphal organisms as subjects starting with 1.1 cm in size each organism to a 7" x 55" container with the 20 cm x 28 cm paper shelters folded within a 10° angle in a room with direct sunlight, a dark edge, and floor lit by a 60-W light bulb with 1 inch above the center of the container, and plain darkness. The results demonstrated that the organism's selection from a finite set of preferred escape trajectories (ETs) could cause variation in ETs where overall thigmotactic stimuli response was higher and had the largest growth with a body length of 2.05 cm for nymphs placed under artificial white light. In conclusion, Turkestan cockroaches exhibited flight responses even to impending and particularly gentle agitation stimuli and had a more dark or natural light condition survival rate.

IJRIAS, 2023

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is frequently used in centrifugal pump design. The characteris... more Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is frequently used in centrifugal pump design. The characteristics of the flow fields around turbomachinery can be simulated using tools for numerical computational fluid dynamics in three dimensions. Numerical simulation, which also provides significant information for the hydraulic design of the centrifugal pump, can be used to visualize the internal flow condition of a centrifugal pump. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of blade number on the hydraulic performance curve using a commercial instrument. ANSYS 91.2. code commercial.The geometric model of the pump was built using CF turbo, and the flow domain was meshed using the commercial programme ICEM. The results demonstrated that an increase in the number of blades significantly improved the hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump's head. The findings also revealed that the area of the low-pressure zone at the blade's input suction grew and that the static pressure distribution homogeneity in the diffusion section was significantly better than that in the spiral section. The design flow of 35 m3 per hour is where the best efficiency point (BEP) is located. At Z = 6 and Z = 7, the head values were 51.58 m and 53.13 m, respectively, while the efficiency values were 50.32% and 53.35%. The comparison of the H-Q curve for estimated head discharge indicates that all impeller efficiency curves share the same fundamental tendency.

IJRIAS, 2023

This review paper highlights about sex determination and conversion of dioecious into monoecious ... more This review paper highlights about sex determination and conversion of dioecious into monoecious plants by applying exogenous growth regulators or chemicals. Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is a dioecious plant, producing male and female flowers on separate unisexual individuals. Although both male and female plants are capable of producing cannabinoids in equal concentrations, female plants produce greater floral biomass than male plants and thus are exclusively used in commercial Medical Cannabis sativa (drug or marijuana) production facilities. In commercial production, marijuana plants are all genetically unfertilized female plants and, male plants are destroyed as seed formation reduces flower quality. One male Cannabis plant can ruin the entire female plant crop due to uncontrolled pollination and crop is designated as contaminated. Moreover, after pollination, female plants alter their relative investment in phytochemicals by reducing the production of secondary metabolites like cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Therefore, early diagnosis of sex is very important to both breeders and farmers for Cannabis crop improvement or production purposes. Cannabis sex determination could be modified by applying exogenous growth regulators or chemicals, which can influence the ratio of endogenous hormones and hence the incidence of sex organs. Silver compounds such as silver nitrate (AgNO3) or silver thiosulfate (Ag2S2O3; STS) have been found to have masculine effects in many plant species including Cannabis. A gap in the literature highlighting Cannabis sex determination has been updated in this review paper.

The study is to determine the PH and moisture content of Nono sold in Port Harcourt , the prevale... more The study is to determine the PH and moisture content
of Nono sold in Port Harcourt , the prevalence of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa in Fura da nono and finally the antibiotic resistance
pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the fermented
products. nono samples were purchased from Borikiri in
portharcourt township. A total of 20 samples were assessed to
determine their microbiological quality and to conduct antibiotic
susceptibility test. Moisture content and pH of the samples were
also assessed. Enumeration of the total viable bacterial count
(TVBC), Total coliform count (TCC) and Total Pseudomonal
count (TPC) were also assessed to determine the sanitary quality
of the product. The PH ranges between 2.99 to 3.89 while the
moisture content ranges between 80% to 88%. The result
obtained from the microbial culture indicated that a wide array
of microorganism were present in Fura da nono including species
of Bacilu, klebsiella, Pseudomonas Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli.. The highest
TVBC, TCC and TPC were 9.8x103
cfu/ml, 10x103
cfu/ml and
9.7x103
cfu/ml respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility was
conducted using 12 broad spectrum antibiotics and compared
against a standard provided by the Clinical laboratory standard
institute (CLSI). Gentamycin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin
recorded 100% resistance , while Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin,
Vancomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin and Azithromycin
recorded 100% susceptibility as indicated by the complete clear
zone of inhibition.It was discovered that the absence of
regulatory agencies like National Agency for Food Drug
Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in the regulation of the
quality of the product was the cause of the high contamination,
since there were no quality control measures in its production
line .It was recommended that NAFDAC should provide a
standard operating procedure for local food producers and
should include them in their scope for regulation.

Hydrocarbon pollution Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation method was adopted to remediate... more Hydrocarbon pollution Remediation by Enhanced
Natural Attenuation method was adopted to remediate the
hydrocarbon impacted site in Ogoniland Rivers State, Nigeria .
The research lasted for 6 months. Samples were collected at
monthly intervals . samples were collected intermittently
between Feb 2019 to July 2019 . Mineral salt medium containing
crude oil was used as a sole source of carbon and energy for the
isolation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Samples were
collected from the four (4) local government that made up
Ogoniland and they includes Khana(k), Gokana (G),Tai (T),
Eleme (E) and transported immediately to the laboratory for
analysis. The microbial and physicochemical properties of the
soil samples varied with the different local government areas.
Seven bacteria genera were isolated from the samples from the
four locations, viz, Pseudomonas, Lactobacter, Micrococcus,
Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium and Mycobacterium
were isolated and identified. the seven isolate were indigenous in
the study area. Nutrient were added to identified plots of
hydrocarbon pollution polluted site within the four local
government and they were able degrade hydrocarbon within a
short of period of time. Reassessment of physicochemical
parameter impacted site was used to judge the bioremediation
potentials of microorganism.

The study seeks to examine the Bacteriological and physiochemical properties of Sambrero River in... more The study seeks to examine the Bacteriological and
physiochemical properties of Sambrero River in Ahoada East
Local Government Area of Rivers State. Three (3) points were
sampled from different locations designated as location (L1)
location (L2) and location (L3) respectively, samples were
collected in 0.1m of Sterile containers and were transported to
the laboratory for immediate analysis. Ten (10) physiochemical,
three (3) heavy metal sand three microbiological parameters
were observed. Data was analyzed using standard methods
(ALPHA, 1998) 20th edition and Ms-Excel version 2013 software.
The result showed little variation in physiochemical parameters
which are in line with World Health Organization (WHO)
standard of potable water but shows much variation in
microbiological parameters which are not in line with WHO
standard, thereby making the water not wholesome and not
potable for consumption except after proper treatment of the
water. The work therefore recommends that members of Ekpena
Community should ensure basic water treatment such as boiling
and chlorination before consumption.

The use of internet and information communication technology (ICT) infrastructures is an essentia... more The use of internet and information communication technology (ICT) infrastructures is an essential aspect of learning, this is why a lot of information on entrepreneurship career choices are available online. However, the emerging growth in the use of information and communication technologies and services towards entrepreneurship development is a challenge for efficient information dissemination and learning especially in rural areas. This paper pointed out an area in which MCIU can use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources/infrastructure it possess for entrepreneurship development and poverty alleviation in its community. Thereby, encouraging social and economic growth, and overcome the gap between urban and rural areas entrepreneurship development. An online learning platform, using video may contribute greatly in rural entrepreneurship development such as MCIU community. Some examples of some programmes like learning make over, headgear tying, bead making, cake designing, etc online for a period of 4 to 6weeks.

Present investigation is on process planning using neutral file with format STEP for rotational p... more Present investigation is on process planning using neutral file with format STEP for rotational parts with use of computer. CAE systems involved in every stage of product life cycle mainly uses the product data produced by the CAD systems and integrated manufacturing data produced by CAPP and CAM systems. As the degree of automation and CAD/CAM integration increases, the inclusion of high level information with the product data and its seamless flow in CAD-CAM-CNC chain becomes a necessity. The objective of this work is to develop a Computer Aided Process Planning system for rotational parts using ISO 10303 standard STEP AP224 data exchange file, enabling the inclusion of high level information about the product besides geometry. The developed system aims to incorporate the small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises into the e-manufacturing chain by adopting the NC-code based CNC machine tools without any modification of the controllers.

The sun is a G-type main sequence star. Corona is an aura of Plasma that Surrounds the Sun and ot... more The sun is a G-type main sequence star. Corona is an aura of Plasma that Surrounds the Sun and other Stars. The heating of solar Corona is one of most important problem in Astrophysics. There are several mechanism of Coronal heating. In this paper we discuss Numerical Simulation on Flux tube Tectonic Model For Solar Coronal Heating .

Fire Safety is one of the important parameter in modern design philosophy. Effect of fire on stru... more Fire Safety is one of the important parameter in modern design philosophy. Effect of fire on structural elements made up of concrete and steel are quite different and is mostly considered as secondary effects. Both most widely used structural materials concrete and steel shows different response when subjected to fire of constant temperature. Thus detailed study on effect of fire on structural materials like concrete and steel under different loading conditions, exposure conditions and cooling methodology is essential. In the present study effect of fire on concrete cubes subjected to different loading conditions and cooling conditions are studied experimentally. Apart efficacy of protective coating made up of piezoelectric powder with structural epoxy for structural steel material subjected to temperature exposure is also explored. It has been found that, compressive strength of concrete cube reduces significantly when preloaded with load irrespective of types of cooling methods.

This paper reviews the importance of composite structure in construction of high rise buildings. ... more This paper reviews the importance of composite structure in construction of high rise buildings. Here there is basic comparison between the commonly used construction materials i.e. steel and concrete. The significance of each of this material in construction field has been briefly discussed. also, some important characteristics of each material is explained.

A thick sedimentary succession belonging to Surma Group (Miocene) is well exposed along the road ... more A thick sedimentary succession belonging to Surma Group (Miocene) is well exposed along the road section (NH-37) in and around Nungba, Tamenglong district, Western Manipur. The Surma sediments have been analyzed for their heavy mineral suite following heavy liquid separation technique. The research result reveals the dominance of transparent varieties over the opaques. The diagnostic non-opaque variety includes Hedenbergite. The heavy minerals suite is characterised by the presence Euhedral, Anhedral as well as Rounded to Sub-rounded varieties indicating a mixed provenance for the Surma sedimentation. Among the opaque variety iron-oxide is most abundant. The value for ZTR Index has been calculated to be 40.4 indicating a mineralogically an overall submature for Surma sediments.

The comparative analysis of the rectangular and circular patch antenna parameters is presented in... more The comparative analysis of the rectangular and circular patch antenna parameters is presented in this paper. To make it acceptable for various wireless applications the selected bandwidth is 10 GHz. HFSS is a software development tool which is used for design and the study of the performance of the presented antennas. The study gives the idea that the rectangular patch antenna exhibits higher return loss than the return loss of circular patch antenna whereas the rectangular patch antenna has an improved VSWR value of 1.18 than that of the circular patch with VSWR 1.27. Also the circular patch antenna offers about 8% higher radio bandwidth and nearly 2.0dB less side lobe power than that of the rectangular patch antenna. With rise in the dielectric constant of the substrate material there is a diminish structure of the patch antenna which leads to an accommodation in bandwidth, impedance and efficiency of the antenna. The simulated antennas are used in the field of 3G communications due to the resonance frequency. The delineate study about the dimensions such as width, length, feed point location, ground dimension for each patch antenna of different dielectric material are calculated and compared and the result shows about the contrastive analysis of different patch antenna performance parameter like VSWR, Reflection coefficient, Bandwidth, Impedance, Mismatch loss, Directivity, Gain and Field are analysed and compared. The paper includes the detailed analysis of various tables, graphs.

The study of agro-input m-commerce sector is aimed at finding to what extent emerging m-commerce ... more The study of agro-input m-commerce sector is aimed at finding to what extent emerging m-commerce enterprises have been successful to solve the problems faced by Indian agricultural input industry. Through SWOT(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis the future prospects of the industry , the benefits to the farmers and the ways through which these benefits can be furthered are highlighted.

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) finds significant application in Automobile, Mining and Mineral... more Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) finds significant application in Automobile, Mining and Mineral sectors due to their excellent properties such as Lightweight, low coefficient of thermal expansion and high abrasion wear resistance coupled with high hardness, strength and stiffness. Light weight with high specific strength is the main criteria in the automotive and aerospace industry which has accelerated the demand and development of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). The interest in nano particles as reinforcements for Aluminum (Al) has been growing considerably due to their excellent properties. Efforts have been largely focused on investigating their contribution to the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the composites. The present work is carried out to explore the possible properties of nanoparticles as reinforcements to the maximum extent. In this study, Al based Al 2 O 3 reinforced composite materials were manufactured by stir casting and their Tribological properties were investigated using pin-on-disc wear test rig at dry conditions. Mechanical properties such as Ultimate Tensile strength, hardness were also investigated. In addition to that, the microstructures of these materials were investigated by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Tribological and hardness properties of composites significantly improved by the use of particle reinforced into LM25 alloy.

Conference Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research & Practice ( ... more Conference Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research & Practice ( 4ICMRP 2017)

3rd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research & Practice (3ICMRP-2016) Will bring to... more 3rd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research & Practice (3ICMRP-2016) Will bring together innovative academics and industrial experts to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities and to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

This essay examines the concept of the inner being in Christian and Hindu religio-philosophical d... more This essay examines the concept of the inner being in Christian and Hindu religio-philosophical discourse. The terms Atman in Hinduism and soul in Christianity both pertain to the immaterial aspect or essence that is believed to exist within a living being. While these terms are used interchangeably within the cultural context of India, it is essential to recognize that they carry distinct meanings and connotations. Using mimetic literary criticism basedon a comparative analysis of Andrew Marvell’s A Dialogue between the Soul and the Body and Adi Shankara’s Tattvabodha, this essay uncovers the similarities and differences between the seide as. The study shows that the concept of soul is different from that of Atman, and that using these terms interchangeably can lead to misinterpretations and distortions of both traditions. The essay highlights the importance of employing accurate terminology to correctly convey philosophical and theological concepts, and stresses the importance of cultural sensitivity and mutual respect in inter-faith discussions.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

The over dependence of Nigeria on external borrowing to finance capital projects amidst persisten... more The over dependence of Nigeria on external borrowing to finance capital projects amidst persistent fluctuations in exchange rate had posed challenges for economic growth in Nigeria. This study analysed the impact of external debt stock and exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth. Time series data on the variables were sourced from the world development index and the Central Bank of Nigeria from 1981-2021. The outcome of Zivot-Andrews indicated that all variables were integrated of order I(1), the Johansen cointegration confirmed the existence of long run relationship among the variables. The study found from the analysis of structural VAR that external debt stock and external debt service had significant negative impact on economic growth in Nigeria while exchange rate fluctuations positively impact on economic growth. However, the analysis of the transmission effect revealed that external debt stock negatively affects economic growth through exchange rate volatilities. The study therefore recommended borrowing to finance only capital projects and not recurrent expenditures, and the execution of these projects should be paid in domestic currencies to increase demand for naira.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

This study focuses on the link between audit committee resources and accounting reporting quality... more This study focuses on the link between audit committee resources and accounting reporting quality proxy by accrual quality of listed Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria. The aim is to examine whether audit committee variables such as female gender, size, and accounting certification expert have an oversight effect on financial reporting quality. The study employed ex-post facto and correlational research designs and adopted agency theory to underpin the study. The population of the study is twelve (12) oil and gas firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 31, 2021. The study covered a-ten years period from 2012 to 2021. Ten (10) oil and gas firms were sampled using the purposive sampling method. The information is taken from audited yearly accounts of the sampled firms, which formed a panel data set that was analyzed using the multiple regression method of analysis. The study provides empirical evidence that Audit Committee-female gender (ACFG), Audit Committee Size (ACSZ), and Audit Committee Accounting Certification expert (ACAE) influence the Financial Reporting Quality of listed Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria. Policymakers should provide policy on the composition of the committee human resources to spelt out their functions effectively, hence we endorsed that the selection of autonomous directors ought to be built on the prior annals of the person's history in terms of performance relatively. The government should consider the practicality of the results and make provision for at least two accounting certification resources in the audit committee to grip multifaceted financial entities more effectively. Similarly, females genders are multitasking, and they are required to better accounting norms, these are in other to secure the demand of investors generally in Oil and Gas firms listed in Nigeria.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

This study focuses on the link between audit committee resources and accounting reporting quality... more This study focuses on the link between audit committee resources and accounting reporting quality proxy by accrual quality of listed Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria. The aim is to examine whether audit committee variables such as female gender, size, and accounting certification expert have an oversight effect on financial reporting quality. The study employed ex-post facto and correlational research designs and adopted agency theory to underpin the study. The population of the study is twelve (12) oil and gas firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 31, 2021. The study covered a- ten years period from 2012 to 2021. Ten (10) oil and gas firms were sampled using the purposive sampling method. The information is taken from audited yearly accounts of the sampled firms, which formed a panel data set that was analyzed using the multiple regression method of analysis. The study provides empirical evidence that Audit Committee-female gender (ACFG), Audit Committee Size (ACSZ), and Audit Committee Accounting Certification expert (ACAE) influence the Financial Reporting Quality of listed Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria. Policymakers should provide policy on the composition of the committee human resources to spelt out their functions effectively, hence we endorsed that the selection of autonomous directors ought to be built on the prior annals of the person’s history in terms of performance relatively. The government should consider the practicality of the results and make provision for at least two accounting certification resources in the audit committee to grip multifaceted financial entities more effectively. Similarly, females genders are multitasking, and they are required to better accounting norms, these are in other to secure the demand of investors generally in Oil and Gas firms listed in Nigeria.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

Agricultural production in the country is based on smallholder production with most famers carryi... more Agricultural production in the country is based on smallholder production with most famers carrying out rain fed agriculture and who, on average, cultivate less than 2 hectares using mainly rudimentary equipment. As such, this study seeks to understand how the increase in agricultural production is achieved through provision and use of inputs (such as pesticides, fertilizers, labour, and machinery, high yielding seeds) and agricultural extension services

Methodology: This study made use of primary (through questionnaires) and secondary instruments (journals, articles and books) of data collection. The data was collected from a sample of 110 respondents from the 5 zones of the subdivision: Foto, Foreke, Fogo-Ndeng, Fossong-Wentcheng and Fotetsa.. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010 using descriptive statistics, correlation and Regression analysis as analytical tools.

Findings: this research revealed that age of the farmer, educational level, provision of extension services, input application method and the use of improved seeds contribute positively to the increase in crop yields. Whereas, input application method (B=0.541), the use of improved seeds (B = 0.475) and the provision of extension services (B = 0.366) indicated greatly to farm yields. Also, the high cost of agricultural inputs was reported by 85% of the farmers to influenced farm productivity and yields.

Unique contribution: it is recommended to promote the use of improve seeds, provide extension services and Farm inputs from the state through grants and loans with low interest rates so as to improve on Productivity.

Keywords: Agricultural Inputs, Extension Services, Household, Food Security, Dschang Subdivision.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) promote and support agribusiness development through increased d... more Public-Private Partnership (PPP) promote and support agribusiness development through increased diversification, economic and wealth production, increased food security and market competitiveness expansion. PPP revealed that performance of agribusiness PPP in Africa was not successful compared to those in Asia and Latin America, which has been attributed to lack of consensus on whether PPP are good or bad for both the public and private sector. This study investigated how PPP in agribusiness has contributed to the improvement of fruit processing enterprises. The research objectives were to explore how the nature of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) has influenced the agribusiness. The study used key informant interviews and observations. Key informants were purposively identified based on set criteria on PPP knowledge and experience. The study found that joint ventures, which had a co-sharing characteristic between the public and private sector, had greater success than divestiture, which was characterized by greater private share. Furthermore, unsolicited PPP initiative created a more stable system that attracts private entities to invest, establishes a favourable investment environment, facilitates a legal framework and provides transformative changes than solicited public-private partnership initiatives. However, public-private partnership in fruit processing face challenges associated with the nature of PPP and approaches to public-private initiatives (PPIs). In conclusion, public-private partnership (PPP) has contributed to functional, political and social improvement of agribusiness in Kenya, especially in the fruit processing industry.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

An unbiased and independent election commission is the only option available for holding free, fa... more An unbiased and independent election commission is the only option available for holding free, fair, and credible elections. The objectives of this study are to identify the specific causal factors of the independence and impartiality of election commission of Bangladesh and to assess the potential solutions to the Election Commission of Bangladesh apparent problems with independence and impartiality, as well as to uncover the evident reasons for such problems. This research has been carried out by using qualitative research methodology. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant gap between political parties and stakeholders in terms of electoral government. The Election Commission had to face many obstacles in organizing the 11 th National Parliamentary elections. On the other hand, questions have been raised about the independence and impartiality of the Election Commission of Bangladesh. In arranging elections, political parties have generally shown a lack of cooperation. In some cases, the electoral system is being questioned due to the insufficient role of the government during the election. In addition, this study has reviewed various solutions to deal with the crisis of independence and impartiality facing the Election Commission of Bangladesh. Legal and economic autonomy need to prioritize as components of fair elections. Legal and economic autonomy have been prioritized as components of credible elections. On the other hand, the matter of giving priority to the formation of a neutral and accountable government in the formation of the Election Commission and the government during the election has been discussed.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

Consumers' believability of product health claims on food packs is essential for healthy purchase... more Consumers' believability of product health claims on food packs is essential for healthy purchase decision and food choices. This study examined food product ingredient information and consumers believe of product health claims. The specific objectives are; to find out the number of consumers who read the health claims contained in the ingredient information on food packs, to ascertain who among the consumers believe that the health claims on these product packs are true, to determine how many among the consumers buy food products because of the belief that the product ingredient composition makes for good health. This study was designed as a survey. Using an online sample size calculator, a sample of 348 civil servants was drawn from 21 Ministries in Anambra State. The study was anchored on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Findings from the survey indicate that a greater number of Civil Servants in Anambra state read health claims contained in the ingredient information on food packs. It was also discovered that majority of the Civil Servants in Anambra State believed to a large extent that the ingredient information on food packs are true and that this has in the long run influenced their purchase decisions, thereby making them buy products with such health claims. The study concluded that consumers believe health claims on product packs and this influences their purchase decisions. The study recommended that there is need to make product ingredient information on food pack more legible as it is one of the major challenges to reading the product ingredient information. Also, food manufacturers and brand designers should include all products' health claims for consumers' readership and digestion.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2023

English language is used as the medium of teaching in Ghanaian schools from Basic to the tertiary... more English language is used as the medium of teaching in Ghanaian schools from Basic to the tertiary levels. Students at all stages of education are taught the content of school subjects through the use of the English language. As a result, how well students perform academically is mainly determined by their proficiency in English language. This paper therefore examined the relationship between English language proficiency and academic performance in Biology. The study employed a hybrid of ex-post facto and correlational research designs to determine the extent at which science students' performance in English language correlates with their academic performance in Biology. Secondary data in the form of Terminal examination scores and 2019 West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) results in English language and Biology were analysed for 157 science students in four selected Senior High Schools in the Central and Western Regions. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to assess the degree of correlation between English language proficiency and academic accomplishment in Biology. The study observed that there was a positive correlation (r = 0.379, 0.479, 0.443 and 0.345) between English language performance and academic achievement in Biology in the terminal examination scores. The WASSCE scores revealed a positive and strong correlation (r = 0.825, 0.719) between English language and Biology. Based on these findings, it was recommended that since English language is extensively used in education as a whole, science teachers should teach language across the curriculum. That is, they must lay special emphasis on contextual proficiency more than on general proficiency in the language of learning and teaching (LOLT) when the need arises.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2023

The study examined taxation and the dynamics of development with focus on The Gambia. The study w... more The study examined taxation and the dynamics of development with focus on The Gambia. The study was guided by two specific objectives which include evaluating the effects of taxation on development in The Gambia as well as investigating the challenges militating against effective taxation in the state. The study adopted a survey research design using two research instruments and 400 randomly selected respondents were sampled from senior and middle management staff of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (MoFEA), Gambia Revenue Authority (GRA) and taxpayers. Data were collected over a period of six weeks with the aid of a questionnaire and structured interviews. The results showed that taxation have significant effect on development in The Gambia. It was also found that much have not been achieved in terms of development despite the huge tax revenue mobilized on a monthly and yearly basis. Therefore, the study recommended that the government should do more in the creation of industries, provision of quality health care services, affordable housing for low income earners, employment as well as basic infrastructure in The Gambia.

The quest of every nation state is to attract, sustain and fast-track growth and development in ... more The quest of every nation state is to attract, sustain and fast-track growth and development in all ramifications. The Nigerian state between 1960 and 2020 has experienced an unabated expansion of universities. Ironically, the war against illiteracy is yet to be won, despite the experimentation of different western developmental ideologies in the Nigerian educational system. The study examined the contributions of development administration in the Nigerian educational sector as well as ascertained if the current neo-liberal reform has aided the expansion or retrogression of the educational sector most especially, the university sub-sector in Nigeria. The theoretical framework of the study was anchored on the post-colonial Nigerian state theory. Methodologically, the study strictly utilized the documentary method and data were sourced through the secondary sources and analyzed in content. The study found that the experimentation of western development ideologies in Nigeria actually aided the expansion of the universities but undermined the realization of free, quality and accessible university education for all and sundry. The study recommended among others: the applications of the action plan of Professor Okonjo as regards creating a universal tertiary education for all Nigerians and sustainably financing it.

Natural disasters in most parts of the world have resorted to many fatalities, forced migration a... more Natural disasters in most parts of the world have resorted to many fatalities, forced migration and involuntary resettlement of the affected population. Lake Nyos Gas Disaster of 1986 which killed about 1,746 people and led to forced migration of over 15,000 affected people and the subsequent resettlement of survivors in resettlement camps in near by administrative subdivisions in the North West Region of Cameroon is one of such natural catastrophies. The paper evaluates the use of Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge (IAK) in agriculture and how it has helped to sustain the livelihood of this environmentally traumatized resettled population. The study sampled two of these resettlement villages (Buabua and Kimbi) to access Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge (IAK) and the sustenance of local livelihood strategies. Field campaigns including the administration of semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs) facilitated the collection of data on IAK practices and how this knowledge helps in sustaining local livelihoods. A total of 24 Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge (IAK) were identified, with 54.16% of them used in crop cultivation, and 45.83% in livestock farming including the raising of small ruminants, poultry and piggery production. IAK shows successful results after being applied as there is increased crop and livestock yields. The use of IAK in agriculture has led to sustainable and efficient land use within the study area. Despite the rising use of IAK and potential benefits in agriculture and the sustenance of local livelihoods in Buabua and Kimbi, survivors still express a strong desire to return to the former disaster zone. The underlying reasons behind this phobia is mainly small land sizes ranging from 30-50 square metres that were allocated to households for both crop cultivation and grazing, and the fact that the limits between grazing and crop land are not clearly demarcated. Prospects for agricultural expansion within the area are therefore slim and need to be addressed.

This paper recognized that teachers play the main element in the success of the new language poli... more This paper recognized that teachers play the main element in the success of the new language policy, the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines. Their views as implementer on this approach are essential in the attainment of the MTB-MLE objectives. In this descriptive paper, the authors report a comprehensive account of the 35 teachers' perception on the efficiency and effectiveness of MTB approach in teaching at Malvar Central School, Batangas, Philippines for the school year 2016-2017. Using adopted questionnaire, needed data were gathered and statistically treated. The study found out that the respondents moderately perceived mother tongue-based approach as effective and efficient in achieving learning goals. The implications of these findings are discussed within the theoretical and practical issues surrounding the use of mother tongue-based in the Philippines.

India is a developing country. India's GDP is middling, even after six decades of independence. U... more India is a developing country. India's GDP is middling, even after six decades of independence. Undoubtedly, the problem of nearly twenty five percent of India's people is poverty and unemployment. The government is focusing on their participation in rural development and developmental activities. Although, During the last six decades of India's planned development, Women have not achieved success, especially rural women in many parts of the country lead the Self Help Group (SHG), have cognizable success in bringing women into main stream of decision making, hence, it is obvious that Self Help Groups have become a usable organizational set up to disburse micro credit to women and motivate them to enter into entrepreneurial activity. SHGs has made important contributions to the development of women entrepreneurs and the development of the economy. The main objectives of the paper are. To examine the empowerment of women through self help groups into different social categories. To examine outlook of the family members, husbands of the respondents and officers connected with workplace and to examine impact of the self help groups on the respondents. In the light of above situation, the present study is ground on primary data. The primary data is collected with the help of pre-tested questionnaire. Banswara District of Rajasthan State has been selected for this study. According to the proportion of its population in the district, 100 samples have been selected from various social categories, OC, BC, SC and ST. Data has been collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Stratified random sampling techniques have been adopted for the study. The collected primary data is tabulated by computerized. Simple statistical tools such as percentages are used. A substantial part of this research paper is based on table analysis.

Soil Erosion still remains one of the major land degradation problems which still challenge the e... more Soil Erosion still remains one of the major land degradation problems which still challenge the efforts of the government at various levels in the war against hunger and poverty in Abia State. Studies on the impact of climate change on sediment transport suggest that transport enhancement due to increased soil erosion, particularly in areas with increased runoff, soil and vegetation changes in Abia state. This study adopts Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques as veritable tools to classify areas with soil loss potential in Abia state. The rainfall distribution characteristics and rain days was studied, the frequency analysis was applied using normal distribution log-Pearson type III distribution, with rainfall data recorded for 43 years (between 1972 and 2015). This indicates that the distribution is negatively skewed and with an increase in rainfall variability, implying a change in weather, increased heavy rainfall intensity and extremes and soil loss. The 0.2 and 1% Chance Exceedance rainfall event were used as input into climate factor coupled with soil, DEM and anthropogenic factors as the basic requirement for environmental modeling of soil loss using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Sediment yield was computed and large deposits were found to leave Abia state basin accompanied by nutrients runoff, posing threat to agricultural productivity and land degradation. Results reveal that soil loss and sediment yield is an annual event which needs an Agro-environmental measure to reverse the negative trend towards environmental degradation.

Agriculture includes all activities done by a farmer, who is engaged in agriculture or farming wh... more Agriculture includes all activities done by a farmer,
who is engaged in agriculture or farming which is done on a
farm as a conjunction with such farming operations, including
preparations for market, delivery to storage or to market or to
carriers for transportation to the market. Farmer’s activities
include farming in all of its branches and the cultivation and
tillage of the soil, dairying. These activities depend on the labour
force. Farming activities, especially wetland farming, need huge
supply of labourers. Alappuzha district in Kerala is known as the
“Granary of Kerala” because of the abundance of rice
cultivation in this part of the state. Mechanization is not possible
in the district due to Geographical as well as financial
constraints. So it does not suit to the geographical conditions of
the wetlands of the district. Here famers are forced to depend on
human labourers. So the availability of labourers, their wages,
their attitudes are important in the agricultural activity of the
district. Unfortunately Alappuzha district is facing certain
problems on the basis of labourers. The problems associated with
their availability, mobility, wages, compensations are major
constraints faced by the farmers of the district. The problems
incurred by the labour force are not only affecting the farming
activity but also they are affecting the land use pattern of the
district. They even lead to the increase of the cultivable waste
land of the district.

The aim of the customer study is automobiles. The study is being carried out to understand the aw... more The aim of the customer study is automobiles. The
study is being carried out to understand the awareness of
customers on environment friendly cars. The study has been
conducted keeping in mind age group, geographical area and
other factors of the respondent

Education plays a crucial role in driving the process of sustainable national development. This ... more Education plays a crucial role in driving the process
of sustainable national development. This originates from the
central position it occupies in nation building but unfortunately,
industrial disputes have remained pervasive in the nation’s
tertiary education sub – sector. This work is premised on
determining the causes and effects of industrial disputes by the
Academic Staff Union of Colleges of Education (COEASU) with
special reference to the Federal College of Education, Zaria
(FCEZ) from 1999 – 2014. It puts firmly that, the recent
industrial dispute between the Colleges of Education Academic
Staff Union (COEASU) and Federal Government of Nigeria
(FGN) relates to class dispute which is aimed at protecting the
interest of the present and future working force of the Colleges
of Education (CoEs) and sister institutions against any form of
exploitative tendencies from the Federal Government. The study
adopted the experimental survey research and it studied a
population of staff and students of the Federal College of
Education, Zaria (FCEZ) wherein a sample size of 268 was
drawn from the population accordingly using probability
sampling. A total of two hundred and sixty – eight (268)
questionnaires were administered to the sampled respondents by
means of the simple random sampling (SRS) technique while the
data was analysed utilizing the Chi – square inferential statistical
test.The research findings revealed that while the frequency of
dispute(s) in the college system still remains low till date, the
causes of dispute were not limited to the non – payment of
workers’ entitlements, lack of conducive working environment,
but more importantly government’s penchant renege for
agreements. Also, the effects include loss of man – hour, poor
academic performance amongst others. However, it recommends
that COEASU should explore effectively the principles of
collective bargaining through dialogue; periodic needs
assessment so as to address infrastructural deficiencies in the
Colleges; and the government should at all times respect and
fulfil agreements reached with the union so as to boost
productivity in the system through effective industrial relations

The world of animals is abundant in the fictions of Ruskin Bond. They are characterized by their ... more The world of animals is abundant in the fictions of Ruskin Bond. They are characterized by their behaviour which represent human like behaviour in close relation to the author himself and other characters created by him. Yet visitors visiting the author at his home in Mussourie feels disappointed not to find any bats hanging from his ceiling or any mice under the mattress. This proves that all the animals in the fictions of Bond are basically mere creations of his imaginations framed from his observations of the landscape in the lap of the Himalayas. The present paper proposes to discuss some of the animal characters from Bond's selections and their characterizations.

Patients carry certain expectations before their visit and the resultant satisfaction or dissatis... more Patients carry certain expectations before their visit and the resultant satisfaction or dissatisfaction is the outcome of their actual experience The most important reason to conduct patient satisfaction surveys is that they provide the ability to identify and resolve potential problems before they become serious. There are only few studies done for comparison of patient satisfaction with the services provided in government and private hospitalsin India. We measure patient satisfaction with the services provided in government and private hospitalsin Indore (M.P.) city ,through questionnaire survey .We did conveyance sampling and applyingpaired t –test .ATotal 66 hospitalized patients from government and private ownership had been selected for interview. This comparative study entails us why private hospitals are more suitable for public despite high cost of treatment and what measures are required forpublic hospitals owners to satisfy their patients but many times resources constantans is their answer.