sam ock Park - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by sam ock Park

One of the most significant trends of the world economy in recent years has been globalization of... more One of the most significant trends of the world economy in recent years has been globalization of production and markets for commodities, services, technologies, and financing. Trade volumes and cross-border capital flows have increased considerably since 1980. Global networks of industrial production have expanded due to the increase of direct foreign investments and joint ventures among enterprises of different countries. There have been also very active trends for regional economic cooperation in various parts of the world and cross-border sub-regional economic integration with neighboring countries. Along with the globalization of economic activities, localization of economic activities has progressed with the development of diverse types of industrial districts and

Reshaping Economic Geography in East Asia, 2009

The Korean peninsula historically served as a land bridge over which Chinese culture was diffused... more The Korean peninsula historically served as a land bridge over which Chinese culture was diffused from China to Japan. Despite the significant influence of Chinese culture and the frequent invasions by foreign powers, the Republic of Korea has managed to preserve a ...

This study examines the characteristics of population aging and the employment of aged workers in... more This study examines the characteristics of population aging and the employment of aged workers in Seoul. Population indexes such as those on aged/children ratio and longevity degree are analyzed to identify the time-spatial changes and differentiation of population aging by gu (district). Employers, job seekers and employees related to the aged workers are also analyzed using data from the Center of Job Placement for the Aged in Seoul. The results indicate that population aging has progressed faster in Seoul than other regions in recent years. In addition, regional differences in tendency of population aging are obvious even within Seoul. The percentage of unskilled laborers is much higher in Seoul compared with other regions. There is also geographical differentiation in the employment of aged workers among regions within Seoul. Employment opportunities for the aged are relatively abundant in core economic areas of Seoul, while they are much scarcer in outer residential areas. This...

This paper aims to analyze the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics industrial cluster an... more This paper aims to analyze the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics industrial cluster and to understand the role of governments for local industrial dynamics. Gumi was a typical satellite platform type new industrial district up to mid-1990s. At that time, Gumi industrial park was the agglomeration of branch plants headquartered in Capital Region with weak local linkages. During the last two decades, however, Gumi has evolved to an electronics industrial cluster with considerable local interfirm linkages and innovation activities of SMEs. Recognizing government industrial policies is critical in understanding the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics cluster. At the early stage, the state was the developer and locator of business activities within the confines of the Gumi industrial park. In recent years, central government’s innovative cluster policy contributed to strengthening networks among firms, universities, and research centers to form local innovation networ...

Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 2008

대한지리학회지, Aug 1, 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand spatial economic inequalities under the framework of t... more The purpose of this study is to understand spatial economic inequalities under the framework of the dynamics of economic spaces in relation to the four global megatrends: globalization, knowledge-based economy, information society, and the service world. The international inequalities in East Asia, as well as inter-regional inequalities within Japan, Korea, and Thailand were analyzed. The variables related to the four megatrends, as a whole, have clearly explained the variations in international inequalities in East Asia, as well as the inter-regional inequalities within a nation. The individual impacts of the variables on spatial inequalities are, however, significantly different depending on the spatial scale of analysis and national characteristics. Overall, there has been a convergence trend of international per capita GNI (Gross National Income) in East Asian nations, while both divergent and convergent trends are evident at the regional scale within a nation. Two global oil crises in the 1970s and the East Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s resulted in the discontinuity of the general convergence trend, and have led to the increase of international and inter-regional inequalities in economic activities. This suggests that although the effect of the global crisis differs in each country, in general, the economies of peripheral countries and regions are more vulnerable during a global economic crisis.

Handbook of Manufacturing Industries in the World Economy

Urban Geography, 2014

This study develops a conceptual framework of the relationship between corporate systems and urba... more This study develops a conceptual framework of the relationship between corporate systems and urban systems in the process of intangible asset accumulation and conducts case studies involving two distinctive and contrasting global firms. Intangible assets are important in maintaining the competitive advantage of cities and regions. The accumulation of local intangibles is the result of the evolutionary development of the relationship between the corporate system and the urban system. The results of the study suggest that the intangible assets of firms are critical in ensuring their competitiveness within a knowledge-based information society.

Urban Geography, 2004

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce ... more The aim of this study is to examine the impact of business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (EC) on the metropolitan and regional economy of Korea. Statistical data on an e-commerce survey and empirical data derived from in-depth interviews are analyzed to ...

Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1984

Regional Science Policy & Practice, 2010

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the evolution of the spatial division of labour and spati... more Abstract This paper aims to investigate the evolution of the spatial division of labour and spatial dynamics in Korea in relation to industrial restructuring and technological development. The two restructuring processes in the 1990s, which were related to the ...

Progress in Human Geography, 1996

In recent years there have been intensive debates on the changes in the spatial organiza-tion of ... more In recent years there have been intensive debates on the changes in the spatial organiza-tion of industrial activities, including the emergence of 'new industrial spaces' mainly in western economies. Some of the most critical issues in these debates are related to the ...

Papers in Regional Science, 2011

ABSTRACT This paper studies the relationship between geography and dynamics of network in the evo... more ABSTRACT This paper studies the relationship between geography and dynamics of network in the evolutionary process of a newly emerging industry. Core actors are well connected with one another through policy-related project networks, as well as temporary clusters, such as trade fairs, conventions, and seminars. Although geographical proximity is not significantly related to the occurrence of co-operation between individuals, position of an actor in the network is significantly related to his/her geographical reach. Despite the importance of other industrial network in the Capital Region, actors in non-Capital Regions played important positions in the networks and assumed key roles in institutional-building processes.Resumen. Este artículo estudia la relación entre la geografía y las dinámicas de red en el proceso evolutivo de una nueva industria emergente. Los actores esenciales están bien conectados entre sí mediante redes de proyectos relacionados con políticas, así como por conglomerados temporales como ferias de exposiciones, convenciones y seminarios. Aunque no hay una relación significativa entre la proximidad geográfica y la aparición de una cooperación entre individuos, la posición de un actor en la red está relacionada significativamente con su alcance geográfico. A pesar de la importancia de otras redes industriales en la región capital, los actores del resto de regiones ocuparon posiciones importantes en las redes y asumieron papeles clave en procesos de desarrollo institucional.

Papers in Regional Science, 2005

The economic space of the Pacific Rim, which is complex and dynamic, is now undergoing restructur... more The economic space of the Pacific Rim, which is complex and dynamic, is now undergoing restructuring for survival and subsequent regional integration. This research note suggests four emerging regional issues which will be important for regional scientists in the Pacific Rim in the 21st century. They are: 1) the role of global finance in the regional and national economy in reshaping the space economy and city regions in the Pacific Rim; 2) formation of inter-firm networks and inter-city networks; 3) regional innovation systems and regional growth in the Pacific Rim; and 4) emergence of the knowledge-based economy and new industrialization. In this dynamic and complex process of change in the Pacific Rim, an active role of regional scientists is required with respect to creative research on regional analysis, reappraisal of the region, development of new methodology and theory of regional growth.

Papers in Regional Science, 2003

The major purpose of this article is to examine new dynamics in the economic spaces in the Pacifi... more The major purpose of this article is to examine new dynamics in the economic spaces in the Pacific Rim with regard to the recent transition of the techno-economic paradigm. The logic of the new dynamics is related to the importance of regions or places in the space of flows and in the creation and transfer of knowledge in the Internet era. It is clear that most of the flows are directional and are grounded in physical places via material flows and social relations. Place becomes even more important in the era of the digital economy, due to the need for spatial proximity in the transfer of tacit knowledge. Three major patterns can be identified. First, innovation centers and knowledge-intensive service centers have been newly developed in the Asian Pacific Rim. Second, regional innovation systems are emerging in some of the major metropolitan areas of this part of the world, while diverse types of regional innovation systems have been developed with the restructuring of existing innovation centers and newly emerging innovation clusters. Third, diverse city regions have been developed and interactions between both sides of the Pacific Rim will be strengthened through business networks and innovation networks.

GeoJournal, 2004

... In the Choson (Yi) Dynasty(13921910), geography progressed in terms of geographical thought,... more ... In the Choson (Yi) Dynasty(13921910), geography progressed in terms of geographical thought, maps, and chorography. ... In this period chorography and maps were believed inseparable and books combining chorography and maps were published. ...

Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 1996

Geographies of globalization industrialization policy and the role of the state - newly industria... more Geographies of globalization industrialization policy and the role of the state - newly industrializing economies reinterpreting the "Japanese miracle" - regulation perspectives on post-1945 Japanese growth and crisis keeping their miracles going - questioning big firms in Korea and small firms in Taiwan Japanese structures - integrating state and corporate strategies integration through trade and direct investment - Asian Pacific patterns Japanese integration and the geography of industry in Japan state, investment and territory - regional economic zones and emerging industrial landscapes.

Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 1995

New industrial districts occur in a number of forms, some of which are not subsumable under the f... more New industrial districts occur in a number of forms, some of which are not subsumable under the flexibly specialized, locally embedded, and endogenously driven model based on the Italian case. In this paper, we critique the industrial districts literature, focusing on the role of the state, interdistrict mobility of labor, nonlocal externalities, and non-place embeddedness in district formation and character. We introduce the notion of the satellite industrial district, comprised of branch operations of nonlocally based corporations, as an example of a rapidly growing industrial district distinct from Marshallian and Italianate forms, and argue with evidence from South Korea that these types of districts may predominate, especially in developing countries.

Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 1994

The major triggers and consequences of industrial restructuring in the Seoul metropolitan region ... more The major triggers and consequences of industrial restructuring in the Seoul metropolitan region have been investigated. Special focus is placed on the textile and apparel industry and the changes it underwent in the 1980s. Rapid increases in wages, labour disputes, currency revaluation, and the high financial costs resulting from high interest rates and a vulnerable financial structure were the most significant triggers. A decline in the rate of increase of labour productivity and shortages of production workers arising from changes in work attitude were also regarded as important triggers. Industrial restructuring in the Seoul metropolitan region has resulted in significant changes in local labour-market structure because of the different labour requirements arising from changes in production systems and organisation. It has also resulted in an altered industrial composition, with a decline in the labour-intensive sector, organisational changes from an increase in subcontraction o...