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Papers by saurabh dubey

Lecture notes in civil engineering, Oct 5, 2022

Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research

The aim of present study is to enhance the stability of physico-chemical characteristics of neem ... more The aim of present study is to enhance the stability of physico-chemical characteristics of neem kernel aqueous extract by botanical stabilizer system. There are variety of bioactive constituents are present in neem which give broad-spectrum of insecticidal activity. Neem aqueous extract is commonly used and found very effective in pest control applications without harming the environment. However, due to hydrolytically unstable characteristics of neem active ingredients which results its lesser bioactivity and limits its usage in aqueous form. To overcome this un-stability issue oil extracted botanical stabilizer (Prosopis juliflora) (Junglee kikar)) were used in various ratios. In 70-30 (NKP-KP) composition (NKP-Neem kernel powder; KP-Kiker powder), neem aqueous extract was found stable without any turbidity, pH change, and fungal growth. Active ingredient, Azadirachtin was found stable with very less degradation i.e only 20-30% degradation. This may possibly be due to inhibition of hydrolytic reactions. Bio-efficacy evaluation data also showed improved and stable mosquito larvae mortality per cent i.e 75-90% with 8 µg/g LD 50 value. The approach used in this study could be very useful in long term stability of neem kernel extract in various geographical conditions without adding toxic solvents or chemical compositions.

Journal of Virological Methods

Journal of Cleaner Production

Abstract Globally, about 34.22 million liters of waste cooking oil (WCO) is produced with 2% incr... more Abstract Globally, about 34.22 million liters of waste cooking oil (WCO) is produced with 2% increments per year. This increase may leads to environmental risks if disposed of untreated. Beneath this backdrop, this study was designed to develop Neem emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation (up-to 70% Neem oil content) by utilizing WCO as solvent system. This study opens new gate way to manage the over-rising increments of WCO and give safer and green agriculture product for pest management. The goal was also to explore the economic and industrial feasibility of WCO as alternate source to persistent toxic, non-renewable petroleum solvents. So, processed (transesterified) WCO and aromatic hydrocarbon solvent (C9) based EC formulations were developed and different physico-chemical properties including physical appearance, acidity/alkalinity, flashpoint, emulsion stability, shelf–life, droplet size, interfacial tension etc were comparatively assessed as per CIPAC (Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council) protocols using Abel Flashpoint Apparatus, Particle Size Analyzer, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Spinning Drop Tensiometer (SDT). Assessment results proved that WCO based formulation is more stable with brown color, low odor, high flashpoint (282.16 K) compared to solvent (C9) based with less stable (crystallization/sedimentation), light colored, high smell, low flashpoint (268.46 K). Aqueous oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions of WCO and C9 based formulations were measured with droplet size (2.6 and 3.5 μm) and emulsion stability (79.6 and 98.8%). Interfacial tension reading (0.8 Nmm−1) in WCO based EC indicated good dispersion with no creaming or sedimentation. Furthermore, stability and compatibility study of active constituents recorded of 1.28 and 50% degradation in WCO and solvent based formulations respectively. WCO based EC inhibited 90% where as C9 based formulations reduced only 68% growth of Rhizoctonia solani. WCO based EC is also free from dermal toxicity, inhalation hazards and phyototoxicity. Finally, average cost effectiveness and economic advantages were calculated and found significantly (60.32%, 1787.5 €t−1) superior to C9 based EC. Waste cooking oil can be ecologically, economically and commercially explored as an alternate green solvent and resourceful waste management.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, 2021

Women from all the parts of society are facing cybercrime against them. Being a victim of cyber c... more Women from all the parts of society are facing cybercrime against them. Being a victim of cyber crime, women experiences several psychological impact which deeply effects their life. Sometimes they even commit suicide. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has reported increased rate of cyber crime against women in the last few years. Cyber crime against women takes place in the form of cyber defamation, sexual harassment and abuse, email-misrepresentation and so forth . Cyber crime itself is traumatic for women to deal with and on the other side the challenges that are encountered by a women to proceed for a legal action against the culprit is also matter of concern for them. This research paper is an attempt to discuss upon the various types of cybercrimes that are inflicted upon women in India. It is also brief analysis of the legal rights of women to protect against cyber crime, its application and challenges that are experienced by women to get those rights.

Trends in Biosciences, 2017

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022

Bacteriocins are emerging as a viable alternative to antibiotics due to their ability to inhibit ... more Bacteriocins are emerging as a viable alternative to antibiotics due to their ability to inhibit growth or kill antibiotic resistant pathogens. Herein, we evaluated the ability of the bacteriocin Garvicin KS (GarKS) produced by Lactococcus garvieae KS1546 isolated from cow milk to inhibit the growth of fish and foodborne bacterial pathogens. We found that GarKS inhibited the growth of five fish L. garvieae strains isolated from infected trout and eels. Among fish pathogens, GarKS inhibited the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae serotypes Ia and Ib, and Aeromonas hydrophila but did not inhibit the growth of Edwardsiella tarda. In addition, it inhibited the growth of A. salmonicida strain 6421 but not A. salmonicida strain 6422 and Yersinia ruckeri. There was no inhibition of three foodborne bacterial species, namely Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using different GarKS concentrations showed that the highest concentration o...

Additional file 6: Figure S2. Aeromonas colonies on Aeromonas isolation agar (AIA), Rimler Shotts... more Additional file 6: Figure S2. Aeromonas colonies on Aeromonas isolation agar (AIA), Rimler Shotts (RS) agar and 5% sheep blood agar (5% SBA). Figure S2. (1) Aeromonas spp. colonies showing characteristic green color on AIA agar. (2) Aeromonas spp. colonies showing yellow colonies on RS agar while, (3) shows Aeromonas spp. on 5% sheep blood agar (5% BSA) exhibiting β-hemolysis zones around the colonies.

Additional file 5: Figure S1. Fish infected by Aeromonas species. A Hemorrhages on body surfaces ... more Additional file 5: Figure S1. Fish infected by Aeromonas species. A Hemorrhages on body surfaces including the tail, eyes, mouth, gill operculum and fins in goldfish. B Hemorrhages on body surfaces and fin in (rohu) Labeo rohita. C, D Loss of fins in rohu (L. rohita). E Hemorrhages in lower abdomen in rohu (L. rohita). F Hemorrhages on the fins of Clarias batrachus.

Additional file 3: Table S3. API 20 NE characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates based on... more Additional file 3: Table S3. API 20 NE characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates based on l-arabinose and malic acid utilization.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Characterization of isolates based on growth media, catalase test, h... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Characterization of isolates based on growth media, catalase test, hemolysis and motility.

Nanoscale Engineering of Biomaterials: Properties and Applications, 2022

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

Thermoelectric coolers being a Freon free technology with the added advantage of flexibility in m... more Thermoelectric coolers being a Freon free technology with the added advantage of flexibility in mounting position and precise temperature control, are being extensively used in portable applications. The relatively lower efficiency compared to conventional cooling systems is neglected owing to its portability and pollution free nature. The aim of this study is to successfully model a Cooling Unit using a TEC and extended hot side and cold side heat transfer surfaces. The cooling medium is chosen as air. The heat transfer surfaces are Aluminium Extrusions. Modelling and simulation was done on ANSYS Icepak. ANSYS Icepak is a computational package for the thermal management of electronic components. ANSYS Icepak solves for fluid flow and includes all modes of heat transfer i.e. conduction, convection and radiation. In this study the effect of the radiation mode of heat transfer was neglected. A suitable turbulence model is selected that can properly describe flow in the system. After successfully meshing the assembly and setting up the prerequisite conditions, velocity and temperature contours have been plotted to show the nature of flow and temperature distribution across the surroundings as well the cooling elements. The analysis results can assist in the development of cooling strategies to further increase its effectiveness.

In this paper, a comparative performance analysis is worked out between fuzzy and conventional PI... more In this paper, a comparative performance analysis is worked out between fuzzy and conventional PID based control systems for dc motor. Initially, separately-excited dc motor is mathematically modelled. Then, fuzzy logic controller is used to control the speed of separately-excited dc motor. The rule-based fuzzy logic controller does this by armature voltage speed control method of dc motor. The controller and motor system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The FLC is designed by using the difference of reference speed and actual speed i.e. the error as an input and rate of change of error as another input. The membership function and rule-base are used to generate the control signal as output of controller in such a way so as to reduce the error. This control signal varies the armature voltage of the dc motor so that motor runs at desired or reference speed input. Secondly, PID controller is used to perform the action of speed control. PID controller is also simulated on SIMULINK/MATL...

Akvakultur startet i Asia og i dag produseres mer enn to tredjedeler av den globale produksjonen ... more Akvakultur startet i Asia og i dag produseres mer enn to tredjedeler av den globale produksjonen i denne regionen. Bærekraftig utvikling av intensiv akvakultur utfordres av sykdom som hovedsakelig skyldes bakterielle infeksjoner, og spesielt infeksjoner forårsaket av Aeromonas hydrophila og Edwardsiella tarda resulterer i stor dødelighet. Den ytre overflaten av bakterien er laget av forskjellige antigener som fimbrier og pili som definerer forskjellige serovarer og serotyper. Den største utfordringen i vaksineproduksjon har vært å finne antigener som er kryssbeskyttende mot disse bakterielle patogenene og en nøyaktig identifisering av Edwardsiella arter og A. hydrophila isolert fra ulike fiskearter er viktig for å definere de antigener som er kryssbeskyttende på tvers av serotyper. Senere tids studier har vist at gyrB er et velegnet housekeeping-gen for identifisering av forskjellige bakteriearter. I denne studien (Paper I & II) har vi karakterisert Edwardsiella spp. og A. hydrophila ved hjelp av biokjemisk tester, 16S rRNA, gyrB og OMPs primere fra flere land i Asia. Ved å sammenligne gyrB-sekvenser viser denne studien signifikante genetiske variasjoner mellom bakteriearter og inter-geografiske variasjoner for E. tarda og A. hydrophila isolater fra forskjellige fiskearter fra forskjellige deler av Asia. Videre viser vår undersøkelse at kombinasjon 16S rRNA, gyrB sekvensering og sekvensanalyse av OMP-protein fra forskjellige bakteriestammer er en måte å identifisere kandidat-antigener (proteiner) med potensielt kryssbeskyttende egenskaper for A. hydrophila og Edwardsiella-arter. Rekombinant DNAteknologi er videre velegnet til å produsere store mengder OMP-antigen, men proteinenes størrelse og immunogenisitet gjør at det er nødvendig å bruke adjuvans for å oppnå god immunrespons/immunitet. Nanopartikler er velegnet for innkapsling av peptider/proteiner, og det cellulære opptaket av NP er høyt blant annet på grunn av forholdet mellom overflate og volum. Oral vaksinering er en lite stressende immuniseringsmetode for alle aldersgruppe av fisk. I denne studien (papir I og II) har vi benyttet antistoff-responser og overlevelse etter eksperimentell smitte for å vurdere vaksinenes effekt. Studiene er gjort i indisk karpe ved bruk av NP-rOMP formuleringer og disse gir høy RPS og høyt antistofftiter sammenlignet med kontrollgruppene testet mot E. tarda og A. hydrophila. OmpA antigener basert på E. tarda og OmpW for A. hydrophila ble administrert oralt i Rohu (Labeo-arter) innkapslet med NP (papir III og IV)

BMC Research Notes, 2021

Objectives Aeromonads cause severe diseases in farmed aquatic organisms. Herein, we examined 28 i... more Objectives Aeromonads cause severe diseases in farmed aquatic organisms. Herein, we examined 28 isolates causing disease in farmed aquatic organisms from India (n = 24) and Taiwan (n = 4) to gain insight of their genotypic and phenotypic properties. Results API 20NE biochemical phenotyping showed ≥ 90% similarity classifying all isolates as Aeromonas hydrophila . 16S rRNA genotyping showed ≥ 98% homology among all isolates with A. sobria (NR119044.1ATCC), A . veronii (MK990549.1), A. caviae (NR029252.1) and A. hydrophila (MG984625.1ATCC) and other reference strains. In contrast, gyrB showed a higher intraspecies diversity (≥ 96%) than 16S rRNA delineating the 28 isolates into three groups. Group-I consisted of seven Indian isolates clustered with A. sobria (MK484163.1ATCC), group-II comprised of five Indian and two Taiwanese isolates clustered with A. veronii AF417626.1ATCC while group-III had 11 Indian and three Taiwanese isolates grouped with A. hydrophila (AY987520.1 and DQ519366...

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch.) is an important fruit of the genus Fragaria and belongs of ... more Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch.) is an important fruit of the genus Fragaria and belongs of the family Rosaceae. Adoption of Strawberry even under subtropical condition is gaining momentum. However, standardization of agro-techniques for the cultivation of Strawberry still needs to be stimulated under subtropical conditions to enhance production and maintain the quality at the same time. The present investigation entitled “Effect of Organic Manure and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) cv Sweet Charlie” was conducted at Research field, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University Gwalior (M.P.) during the winter season of 2015-16. The experiment comprised of seven treatments viz. T1-control, T2100% FYM, T3100% Poultry Manure, T4100% Vermicompost, T550% Vermicompost + 50% Poultry Manure, T650% Vermicompost + 50% FYM, T7 50% Poultry Manure + 50% FYM, T850% Vermicompost + 50% Poultry Manure + Azotobacter, T950%...

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2019

Mosquito problem is the major problem worldwide. So, there is urgent requirement of some effectiv... more Mosquito problem is the major problem worldwide. So, there is urgent requirement of some effective and safe product for resolve the mosquito problem. Neem has very good repellent properties against mosquitoes. Previous research shows that there are 46 types of emulsion formulations are present. But all are solvent or co-solvent based which makes the formulated product costly and not safe for environment as well as non- targets. In the present study Neem oil microemulsion process was optimized by using biodiesel waste as co-solvent which has no any toxic effect towards environment and non-target. Developed microemulsion has high physical and chemical stability. This stability was achieved by taking different concentrations of non-ionic surfactants in the process of emulsion formation. I-R results further confirm the stability by showing sharp band of neem oil at 1642, 2928 which did not alter in Microemulsion (ME) containing biodiesel waste. Biodiesel waste based microemulsion alone ...

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2013

Conventional PID controllers are used to control the dc motor for various industrial processes fr... more Conventional PID controllers are used to control the dc motor for various industrial processes from many years due to their simplicity in operation. PID controllers require mathematical models to control the plant for different process control applications. In this paper worked out, speed control analysis of DC motor using PID controller. Speed control of separately excited dc motor is done using armature voltage control method. PID controller basics are briefed and various tuning methods of PID controller are explained. Mathematical modelling of dc motor is done and is simulated in Simulink. The control system consisting of PID controlled dc motor is also simulated in Simulink. Response of dc motor is recorded as simulation result when step input is provided as reference signal. Thereby, performance analysis of dc motor with PID controller is performed by calculating various response parameters such as maximum overshoot, rise time, settling time, etc.