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Continental J. Nursing Science, 2023

This article addresses the imperative need to identify evidence-based strategies to mitigate nega... more This article addresses the imperative need to identify evidence-based strategies to mitigate negative outcomes in healthcare, focusing on medical errors, adverse events, and occupational hazards. Recognizing the root causes and implications of these issues is crucial for fostering a safer healthcare environment. While prior studies have highlighted the impact of negative outcomes, this article contributes novel insights by presenting a comprehensive examination of evidence-based strategies specifically tailored to enhance healthcare delivery and nursing practice. The exploration of both patient safety and nursing professionals' well-being is a distinctive feature of this paper. The primary aim of this review is to delineate evidence-based strategies that effectively mitigate negative outcomes, emphasizing their applicability in healthcare settings. By addressing both patient safety and nursing professionals' well-being, this review article aims to offer a holistic approach to improving overall healthcare quality. A thorough literature review was conducted to identify root causes and implications of medical errors, adverse events, and occupational hazards. Evidence-based strategies were derived from the literature and organized into a comprehensive framework. It also integrates qualitative insights from healthcare professionals and experts in patient safety. The results present a multifaceted set of evidence-based strategies, encompassing standardized protocols, interprofessional communication enhancements, continuous education, and cultural changes to promote safety and well-being. The strategies are systematically organized to address distinct aspects of healthcare delivery and nursing practice. In conclusion, the paper provides a roadmap for healthcare organizations to implement evidence-based strategies that mitigate negative outcomes and simultaneously enhance patient safety and nursing professionals' well-being. The proposed strategies offer a holistic and practical approach to fostering a culture of continuous improvement in healthcare settings.

Continental J. Nursing Science, 2023

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a persistent global concern with profound health, psychol... more Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a persistent global concern with profound health, psychological, and social implications. Despite ongoing efforts, there is a need for innovative strategies to address the complex cultural and socio-economic factors sustaining this harmful practice. This article introduces a novel approach to combating FGM by integrating community empowerment, legal frameworks, and healthcare interventions. Emphasizing cultural sensitivity and global collaboration, our approach seeks to build on existing successes and address emerging challenges. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of multifaceted interventions in eradicating FGM. By analyzing community-based initiatives, legal frameworks, and healthcare integration, we aim to provide insights into comprehensive strategies for global FGM elimination. We conducted a comprehensive review of literature, synthesizing data from community-based programs, legal frameworks, and healthcare initiatives. Analyzing global trends, regional variations, and emerging practices, our study examines the multifaceted nature of interventions. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of integrated strategies in reducing FGM prevalence. Successful community engagement, strengthened legal frameworks, and healthcare integration contribute to positive outcomes, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach. In conclusion, a comprehensive strategy that combines community empowerment, legal measures, and healthcare integration is essential for sustained progress in eliminating FGM. This study underscores the need for ongoing collaboration, cultural sensitivity, and adaptable interventions to achieve a world free from the harmful practice of FGM.

This research work examined the Impact of Risk Management on Food Production and Service Faciliti... more This research work examined the Impact of Risk Management on Food Production and Service Facilities in selected hotels, in Akure metropolis in Ondo State. The objectives were to ascertain whether risk management helps to reduce accident, reduce wastes and deterioration, maintain long life of the facilities (breakdown), improves security and safety and improve and maintain continuous patronage from customers. However, the primary data were obtained via the use of a a structured questionnaire administered to the selected respondents. The formulated hypotheses were tested using analysis of various (ANOVA) and simple percentages. From the tests conducted, the results showed that risk management has helped to reduce accidents, reduce waste and deterioration, maintain the long life of the facilities, improve security and safety and also improve and maintain continued patronage from customers. Based on these results, it was therefore concluded that risk management has an impact on food production and service facilities. Therefore, it was recommended that hotels should create awareness of risk management to both the staff and guests at large.

Continental J. Veterinary Sciences, 2009

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect on RBC of ground untreated Garcinia kola seed i... more The aim of the study is to investigate the effect on RBC of ground untreated Garcinia kola seed in rabbits. Twenty four unsexed rabbits with average weight of 842.62+ 57.5g and aged between 42 and 49 days were randomly assigned to four treatments of T 1 (control, no bitter kola) T 2 (1g bitter kola/kg body weight), T 3 (2g bitter kola/kg body weight) and T 4 (3g bitter kola/kg body weight) in a completely randomized design. Each of the treatments was replicated thrice with two rabbits per replicate. They were given graded levels of bitter kola treatments for four out of seven days weekly for 12 weeks excepting T 1. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected and the red blood cell (RBC) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration values were determined. The results showed that T 4 and T 3 were highly significant (P<0.01) in heamoglobin concentration. In the same vein T 4 , T 3 and T 2 demonstrated highly significant difference (P<0.01) in RBC counts. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in PCV among all the treatments. None of the values fell below the normal physiological range of the experimental animals. This shows that Garcinia kola which has flavonoids as its active constituent can enhance erythropoiesis and as well has no long term significant toxicological implication with respect to the above concentrations.

Continental Journal of Veterinary Sciences , 2009

The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Gastrointestinal helminths from faecal samp... more The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Gastrointestinal helminths from faecal samples of cattle at the Federal University of Technology Farm Minna, Niger State, Nigeria during the period of April to June 2008 (12 weeks). Fifteen animals were selected from the head of 33 heads of cattle and randomly assigned into three (3) groups designated as groups 1 (calves 1 -12 months of age), group 2 (yearlings 1 -2 years of age) and group 3 (Adults 2 years and above). Five faecal samples were collected weekly from each group for laboratory analysis using direct smear method of faecal sample analysis. Results showed that the overall prevalence of Gastrointestinal helminths in calves, yearlings and Adult cattle were 45, 33.3 and 23.3 % respectively. Heamonchus and Ascarids have the highest level of prevalence in calves with 25 % each. In yearlings, Ascarids and fasciola were high with 30 % and 20 % respectively while in adults Heamonchus was found to have the highest percentage prevalence rate of 35.7 %. Based on these findings it is clearly evident that the level of prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in adult cattle is less than that found in young ones (both yearlings and calves). The need to introduce improved preventive measures of controlling helminths in order to protect the entire cattle population against the parasites is strongly recommended.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

Twelve different liquid market milks of Bangladesh were examined to evaluate their chemical and s... more Twelve different liquid market milks of Bangladesh were examined to evaluate their chemical and sanitary quality. Six of these were open raw milk bought from local daily markets and the other six were processed packet milk (both pasteurized and UHT [Ultra High Temperature]-processed) available in shops. The twelve samples were examined for the determination of percentage of water, total soluble solids (TSS), fat, solids-non-fat (SNF), lactose, protein, and ash; measurement of titratable acidity; detection of adulterants; enumeration of total bacterial count, staphylococcal, coliform, fecal coliform, Salmonella and Shigella, Aeromonas hydrophila, and psychrophilic count. Results revealed that most of the raw and pasteurized milks were substandard in both chemical and sanitary quality whereas the quality of UHT-treated milks was excellent. Majority of the raw and pasteurized milks contained fair amounts of lactose, protein and ash, but a number of these had lesser amount of fat. All the raw and pasteurized milks were found to be contaminated with bacterial loads exceeding the acceptable limit. The indicator organisms i.e. coliforms and fecal coliforms were present in most of these samples in large numbers. Pathogenic bacterial genera (Aeromonas, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus) were also identified in some of these. High counts of psychrophilic bacteria were also found in the raw and pasteurized milk. But none of the UHT-processed milks contained any bacteria. Water had been added to five raw and one pasteurized milk whereas sucrose was found in five of the six heat-treated samples.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology, 2011

The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional value of donkey meat. The proximate analysi... more The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional value of donkey meat. The proximate analysis of minced carcass, was done and reported as moisture, dry matter, crude protein, total ash and organic matter. Moisture content was 68.35-74.72% and the dry matter content was 23-68-30.68%. Total ash content was also higher in donkey (5.10-8.19% as compared to 1.5% in beef, however, the organic matter content was slightly lower in donkeys (91.81-94.90%) compared to 98.5% reported in beef. The crude protein content 55.05-62.27 on dry matter basis. Mineral analysis revealed that donkey meat is rich in Fe, P, K, and Zn. For Ca, P, Mg, Cu and Mn, there was no signification difference between the cuts (P < 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in K, N, Zn and Fe (P < 0.05).

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

Fatty acid and amino acid compositions of "Onunu" and "Mgbam", traditional diets of the Ikwerre p... more Fatty acid and amino acid compositions of "Onunu" and "Mgbam", traditional diets of the Ikwerre people of Nigeria was evaluated. In this study, both recipes were prepared using the ordinary traditional cooking methods and subsequently analysed for fatty and amino acid composition. The fatty acid profiles in the diets were characterized by four dominant fatty acids namely: palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids. The most common saturated fatty acid in the diets was palmitic and its content in Onunu (40.07±0.07%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of Mgbam (13.74±1.10%) while linoleic acid was the most common unsaturated fatty acid and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Mgbam (49.50±0.10%) compared to onunu (10.55±2.80). the ratio of PUFA/SFA in Mgbam was greater than 1. The amino acid profile shows that both diets contain appreciable quantities of essential and non essential amino acids with Mgbam significantly higher (P<0.05) than Onunu in all the amino acids except tyrosine where the reverse was the case. Arginine (725.33±6.25mg/gN) and leucine (700.00±8.00mg/gN) were found in higher concentrations than other essential amino acids in Mgbam and Onunu respectively whereas methionine was present in relatively lower levels, however, histidine and arginine content of both diets were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other reference proteins such as hen's egg, casein and cow's milk. Chemical scores showed that methionine (28.57±0.04) was the limiting amino acid in Onunu while valine (71.26±1.00) was limiting in Mgbam. The present study have shown that both traditional diets can provide substantial amount of the tested nutrients to the normal daily diets of the Ikwerre people however Mgbam was considered more ideal.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

In the present 21 st Century, the global persisting problem has been the raising prices of food a... more In the present 21 st Century, the global persisting problem has been the raising prices of food articles word over, affecting the general masses especially middle class people world wide who is the real drivers of global economy. Such trends have pushed 44 million people into poverty world over and bigger chunk belongs to Africa, Asia and Latin American continents. Hence, it has become imperative for the Governments of both developed and developing nations to tackle such trends on war footing. Otherwise, poverty at global level would rise enormously and there could be deceleration of growth and development in the world economy. The present paper tries to analyze trends and causes of such persisting trends and suggests suitable measures to meet the rising and vital challenge of 21 st Century.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology, 2011

The antinutrients levels in staple food crops (cassava, yam and potato) from Izzi, Ezza and Ikwo ... more The antinutrients levels in staple food crops (cassava, yam and potato) from Izzi, Ezza and Ikwo Local Government Areas of Ebonyi state were determined using titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods. The antinutrients levels (mg/100ml) in cassava from Izzi recorded saponins (0.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology, 2011

Ogi is a fermented maize product usually used for weaning children in parts of Southern Nigeria. ... more Ogi is a fermented maize product usually used for weaning children in parts of Southern Nigeria. It is sometimes processed by sun drying to preserve and increase its shelf life. This study involves an investigation on the species of fungi associated with dried Ogi.. Soil-Plate isolation method was employed to isolate the fungal species on two conventional fungal culture media (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar). The experimental dried Ogi was assessed for its pH and percentage moisture content. A total of 10 species of fungi belonging to 8 genera were isolated. Three (3) species of Aspergillus were isolated with Aspergillus niger having the highest frequency of occurrence of 17.65%, which was the same with the genera Penicillium and Saccharomyces. The pH range of the dried Ogi was within the range that supports fungi growth in culture. The significance of fungi in Ogi with regards to its Clinical and Industrial relevance has also been discussed.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

The effect of different processing methods on the β carotene and ascorbic acid contents of Celosi... more The effect of different processing methods on the β carotene and ascorbic acid contents of Celosia argentea, Solanum incanum and Talium triangulare were investigated. Celosia argentea was boiled in water with salt for 5 minutes, Solanum incanum was squeezed with salt for 3 minutes and rinsed thrice, while Talium triangulare was oven dried at 59 0 C overnight. After processing, the vegetables were homogenized. The β carotene and ascorbic contents were determined using standard methods. The various studied processing methods caused significant decrease (P\u003c0.05) in the β carotene and ascorbic acid contents of the green leafy vegetables. Combination of these leafy vegetables with other foodstuffs is recommended to satisfactorily meet the RDA.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

This paper presents the results of a study on the knowledge and use of spices among women in the ... more This paper presents the results of a study on the knowledge and use of spices among women in the various stages of pregnancy (antenatal) and immediately after delivery (Postpartum). This was aimed at gathering baseline information on utilization of spices amongst various consumer groups in Ibadan, Oyo State. One hundred respondents (100) made up of women from both categories were interviewed in the antenatal and postnatal clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan using well structured interview schedule as the means for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (65%) were between the ages of 31-50years and 95% were married. About 93% had one formal education or the other and average household size among the women was 82% of 1-4 people (category). The spices mostly utilized for health purposes among women in the ante and post periods respectively were Occimum gratissimum and garlic while onion and Parkia biglobosa were used on the basis of flavour. The chi square results showed that the variables age, education and level of income of respondents were socioeconomic factors that influenced the awareness on the use of spices amongst women in both antenatal and postpartum periods.

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

Lactic acid bacteria from freshly prepare ‘Ogi’ and ‘Kunun’ were isolated by plating on nutrient ... more Lactic acid bacteria from freshly prepare ‘Ogi’ and ‘Kunun’ were isolated by plating on nutrient agar modified with glacial acetic acid. The identification of the isolates was carried out using biochemical methods. The identified isolates (Lactobacillus planetarium, Lactobacillus sake, Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentum) were screened for their ability to produce bacterocin against food borne pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aures) using the pour plate method. The isolated organisms inhibited different food borne pathogens with different zones of inhibition. The highest was exhibited by Lactobacillus fermentum on Escherichia coli (38mm) while the least was by Lactobacillus acidophilus on Staphylococcus aures (18mm). Fresh Ogi constituted a better source of lactic acid bacteria than that of Kunun. The antimicrobial activity of the four LAB strains was inactivated by the addition of proteinase K, thus confirming the proteinaceous nature of the inhibition. The bacterocin of lactic acid bacteria have potential application for assessing and improving food quality, and safety

Vol 8 (1) Cont. J. Biomed Sci., 2014

Phytochemical screening of the roots, bark, and leaves of the flamboyant tree in Nigeria was perf... more Phytochemical screening of the roots, bark, and leaves of the flamboyant tree in Nigeria was performed using standard procedures in water, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts. Tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides, resins, phlobatannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids were found in the samples using a simple quantitative method. Phytochemical screenings revealed compounds found in plants that had previously been extensively researched as a source of medicinal agent; thus, it is expected that phytochemicals will be used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Since time immemorial, man has used various parts of plants in the treatment and prevention of various ailments.

This research work was carried out at the Oshodi Solid Waste Incineration Station in Lagos, Niger... more This research work was carried out at the Oshodi Solid Waste Incineration Station in Lagos, Nigeria to determine the feasibility of generating 8 MW of electricity from the incineration plant that has remained dormant for over 20 years. The plant is equipped with a water wall boiler, turbine, feed heaters, scrubber and other auxiliaries. It has facilities to process up to 220 metric tons of solid waste continuously on a daily basis with a throughput capacity of 9.2 tons/hour. The average moisture content of waste in Lagos state is estimated to be 35% with an average calorific value of 9000 kJ/Kg. The hourly rate of heat released in the moving grate combustor was calculated to be 82,800 MJ/Kg hence the heat supplied in the boiler per unit mass flow rate is estimated to be 2716.86 kW per kg/s with a boiler steam flow rate of 7.73 kg/s. The specific steam consumption was found to be 3.49 kg/kWh with a power output per unit mass flow rate of 7.73 kW per kg/s.

Continental J. Renewable Energy, 2013

Nigeria is naturally blessed with abundant sources of renewable and non-renewable energy. The dev... more Nigeria is naturally blessed with abundant sources of renewable and non-renewable energy. The development, exploitation and utilisation of these energy sources have been largely skewed in favour of hydro power and crude oil, leaving the other sources either untouched or poorly harnessed. Also the impact of the exploitation of both energy sources on the environment has been largely ignored over the years. In recent years, solar PV installations for street lighting, water pumping, vaccine refrigerators and powering of remote communities (islanding) by use of photovoltaic panels is increasing in some parts of Nigeria. Researches on domestic energy use in different States in Nigeria show that fuelwood is predominantly used in the rural areas while the urban areas mostly use kerosene stove, local gas cooker, local electric cooker, sawdust stove, charcoal stove and firewood as cooking fuels. This paper present a comprehensive review of the literature of domestic energy consumption in Nigeria from desk study of open literature survey approach. The work further analysed the environmental, health and economic implications of the current domestic energy use in Nigeria and also proffers possible solutions.

Continental Journal of Renewable Energy , 2013

The main focus of this paper was to propose control algorithm for efficient tracking of solar rad... more The main focus of this paper was to propose control algorithm for efficient tracking of solar radiation for a field controlled DC servomotor positioned photovoltaic (PV) module. The Ziegler-Nichols, pole placement and linear quadratic regulator approaches were utilized for this study and the results were successfully simulated using MATLAB 2010a. The results showed that: the rise time of 0.9800 seconds, peak time of 1.3600 seconds, settling time of 2.0150 seconds and overshoot of 10.3% were obtained without controller, arise time of 0.3600 seconds, peak time of 0.6950 seconds, settling time of 1.9150 seconds and overshoot of 19.8 % were obtained using the Ziegler-Nichols method, arise time of 0.1950 seconds, peak time of 0.5000 seconds, settling time of 0.4000 seconds and overshoot of 00.0 %using the pole placement method, arise time of 0.5750 seconds, peak time of 0.7600 seconds, settling time of 1.0100 seconds and an overshoot of 04.1 % using the linear quadratic regulator method, which implies that the pole placement control method was the best for the system.

Continental J. Renewable Energy , 2011

The performance of a developed rocket stove was compared with existing local woodstoves namely th... more The performance of a developed rocket stove was compared with existing local woodstoves namely the Three stones and Metal cylindrical wood stoves which represent typical Nigerian woodstoves. The test results revealed that in the boiling of 3.5kg of water, the percentage heat utilized (PHU) in the three stones stove, metal cylindrical shape stove and rocket stove are 11.6%, 14.05% and 16.3% respectively, and the power dissipated(P) by the wood are 10.89kW, 7.71kW and 5.63kW respectively. The above shows that the percentage heat utilized (PHU) of the rocket stove is higher and the power dissipated (P) by the wood is lesser in the rocket stove when compared with the other stoves. The results show that the rocket stove is more effective and efficient when compared to the already existing woodstoves. The adoption of the rocket stove in Nigeria with help in reducing the increasing rate of fuel wood consumption as well reduced the heath risk associated with the usage of the common and existing wood stoves.

Continental J. Nursing Science, 2023

Continental J. Veterinary Sciences, 2009

Continental Journal of Veterinary Sciences , 2009

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

Continental J. Food Science and Technology, 2011

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

Continental J. Food Science and Technology, 2011

Continental J. Food Science and Technology , 2011

Vol 8 (1) Cont. J. Biomed Sci., 2014

Continental J. Renewable Energy, 2013

Continental Journal of Renewable Energy , 2013

Continental J. Renewable Energy , 2011

Book Chapter, 2021

‘Global Understanding of Social Networking: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly’ 1. Sub-Theme: Nature... more ‘Global Understanding of Social Networking: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly’
1. Sub-Theme: Nature and meaning of social networking in Nigeria
2. Types of social networking
3. Online social networking
4. Mobile social networking
5. Social networking and Education
6. Social networking and Politics
7. Social networking and Journalism
8. Social networking and Marketing
9. Social networking and Religion
10. Social networking and Agriculture
11. Social networking and Psychology
12. Social networking and Medicine
13. Social networking and Law
14. Social networking and Engineering
15. Social networking and Security
16. Social networking and Library
17. Social networking and Entrepreneurship
18. Social networking and Theatre
19. Social networking and Home Dieticians
20. Benefits of social networking

Editor:
Beetseh, Kwaghga, Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Closing date: January 26th 2022.

Publication fees: FREE (Open Access)

Book Chapter, 2021

Nigeria-Niger borderland had been known as a relatively one of the most peaceful border areas in ... more Nigeria-Niger borderland had been known as a relatively one of the most peaceful border areas in Africa. Recently however, the area became a theater of conflict in form of insurgency, cattle rustling, kidnapping facilitated by the proliferation of small arms and light weapons. Researches indicate that armed bandits who perpetrate violence in Nigeria's northwest seek sanctuary along the border with Niger as base where they get new recruits. However one major challenge which has not been well addressed in the literature is paucity of information on the correlation/Nexus between the violence in Nigeria's northwest on one hand and the volume of border trade among the communities proximate to the border. More problematic is the complex nature of theviolence as it escalates from armed con flicts between mainly Fulani nomads and rural communities and a phenomenal expansion of cattle rustling. Sokoto-Zamfara-Katsina axis of Nigeria's border with Niger Republic is the most porous border Nigeria has with its neighbors, with large volume of the trade between the two countries taking place informally. Paradoxically, Nigeria's border closure since August, 2019 has witnessed an upsurge in violence committed by large-scale criminal gangs, cattle rustling, kidnapping for ransom, armed robbery, pillage, and attacks on gold miners and traders in the area. The involvement of local institutions/traditional rulers in the conflict have created incentive to local actors, particularly community-based groups including Lakuruje, Miyetti-Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), vigilante groups Yan Sakai/Yan Banga in responding to the violent threats. As these groups are mobile, the conflict became difficult to contain and thus, spill across the ungoverned spaces thereby making the borderlands unsecured.

Book Chapter, 2021

Herdsmen, banditry and kidnapping have become a major house hold name in Nigeria and any part of ... more Herdsmen, banditry and kidnapping have become a major house hold name in Nigeria and any part of the world. Crisis in any part of the country tend affect food security by creating for shortage, which disrupt both gross domestic product (GDP) and net domestic product (NDP) of the country. Food crops cannot be planted, weeds or harvested in a crisis area where there are herdsmen attack. The herdsmen invade farm land belonging farmers there by creating scarcity of land for the cultivation of food crops which in turned threaten food security of the country. The constant crisis has threatened the security of the State, reduced its economic productivity, and deepened food crisis in Nigeria. While there have been several crises between the Fulani herdsmen and the farmers for more than two decades, the escalation reached another level in 2014 with the Fulani herdsmen killing 1,229 people in comparison with 63 deaths in 2013. With more than 500 deaths by July 2016 and January 2018 more than 73 persons were given mass burial in Benue State alone out the killing that were not knowing. The crisis is targeted to take over lands and Islamize the nation. The crisis has been commonly credited to Fulani herdsmen expanding from the traditional grazing routes into the agricultural land which in turn always results into crisis over access to pasture. The escalation of the crisis has made many Nigerians and international observers including the United States to consider Fulani herdsmen as the second most dangerous group in Nigeria after Boko-Haram group. Therefore, there is a need for the critical assessment of the underlying factors responsible for the escalation of crisis between the Fulani herdsmen and farmers to untangle the various important but crisis narratives that have been used in explaining the reason behind the recent escalation of the crisis. The paper seeks to explore ways of resolving crisis there by creating food security. The paper finally suggested that Farmers should be assisted with productive resources and training by extension services to reduce vulnerability and protracted crisis in the farming communities and government should adopt the modern way of cattle rearing which is ranching among other things, the Nigerian Government shall come up with poverty alleviation programmes and employment opportunities, targeting youths who are mostly involved in abductions and kidnappings out of economic frustration, such as unemployment, poverty alleviation programmes should also be directed towards addressing high incidence of poverty among women and children who are vulnerable segment of the population mostly kidnapped by terrorists or insurgents and trapped by organised criminals, ending up in abduction for force labour, effectively combat kidnapping, the government shall also fight insurgency because the various insurgent groups in the northern and southern parts of the country are all resorting to kidnapping of innocent population in their efforts to further their causes, anti-terrorism programmes should be made side-by-side with anti-banditry and kidnapping programmes in Nigeria, foreign governments should also participate in the war on banditry and kidnapping in Nigeria because the activity is a transnational crime usually involving movement out of the country, non-governmental organisations should also be part of the war on banditry and kidnapping in Nigeria and neighbouring states, through awareness creation programmes, the law enforcement agents, such as the police as well as other agencies meant for anti-human trafficking shall also intensify surveillance on the fight against banditry and kidnapping. They shall be receiving special trainings on how to identify victims of banditry and kidnapping and be able to take them from the kidnappers without them being hurt and constitutionally, there is need for severe penalties against kidnappers. This might serve as deterrence for those already involved and those willing to be involved.

Book Chapter, 2021

This paper aims to reiterate the effect insecurity has on the Secondary School System in Nigeria.... more This paper aims to reiterate the effect insecurity has on the Secondary School System in Nigeria. Over the past 15 years, the Nigeria School System has been under attack leading to kidnappings and killings of students and school administrators. Measures have been taken to curb these attacks but unfortunately, instead of the attacks to mitigate, they are still frequent and the psychological effect on innocent students is alarming (there have been about 4 different abductions in the past 3 months). To safeguard the educational system from collapse, the issue of insecurity in secondary schools and Nigeria must be dealt with efficiently. This paper examines the various effects that insecurity has had, is having, and will have on the secondary school system. If these incessant attacks are not proactively dealt with, it will portend a longer term danger to the quality of labour force and human capital needed to drive a sustainable economy. This paper, therefore, focuses on the issues of school threats and examines the effects of those threats.

Book Chapter, 2021

In recent times, Nigeria Educational System has come under various violent attacks resulting in i... more In recent times, Nigeria Educational System has come under various violent attacks resulting in insecurity of lives and properties.The concern, however, is to identify the key role to be played by government for general improvement of education and preparing the education sector for the challenges of the new millennium. The paper's major claim is that government must continue to play the leading role both in education and security. Recommendation were therefore made to support this claim.

Book Chapter, 2021

Inter-communal relations are important aspect of inter-communal living because they build trust a... more Inter-communal relations are important aspect of inter-communal living because they build trust and foster cooperation, leading to development in the society. It is, however, unfortunate that relations are always affected in the event of any conflict. Recent developments in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area (LGA) have shown a spiral decline in inter-communal relations with an attendant increase in the spate of conflict between farmers and herders. The preponderance of the latter developments has led to some gruesome and devastating effects on lives and property of the belligerent parties. This paper, therefore, examines the effects of this conflict, at this point, not only on lives and property, but also on the relationship between the conflicting parties. Four critical spheres of inter-communal relations-inter-marriage, intercommunal trade, mix settlements and joint celebration of festivities, were examined and the study found that inter-communal marriage and festivities hithertho in practice between these communities have stopped. The study also revealed that some trade practices that used to take place at the interior quarters of the community no longer exist and this has resulted into a more segregated form of settlement in the locality. This paper, therefore, concludes that a genuine desire for peace in the community will require a concerted effort at restoring inter-communal relations in spite of the loss suffered in the course of the conflict, as this could build trust and restore peace in the community.

Nigeria as a nation is beset with a lot of security problems such as banditry and kidnapping. The... more Nigeria as a nation is beset with a lot of security problems such as banditry and kidnapping. The paper establishes the fact that the activities of banditry and kidnapping has poses a threat to national in Nigeria. The paper has introduction, theoretical framework of Frustration aggression theory, banditry and kidnapping in Nigeria, causes of banditry and kidnapping in Nigeria. effect/consequences of banditry and kidnapping in Nigeria, conclusion and suggestions such as the Nigerian Government shall come up with poverty alleviation programmes and employment opportunities, targeting youths who are mostly involved in abductions and kidnappings out of economic frustration, such as unemployment, poverty alleviation programmes should also be directed towards addressing high incidence of poverty among women and children who are vulnerable segment of the population mostly kidnapped by terrorists or insurgents and trapped by organised criminals, ending up in abduction for force labour, effectively combat kidnapping, the government shall also fight insurgency because the various insurgent groups in the northern and southern parts of the country are all resorting to kidnapping of innocent population in their efforts to further their causes, antiterrorism programmes should be made side-by-side with anti-banditry and kidnapping programmes in Nigeria, foreign governments should also participate in the war on banditry and kidnapping in Nigeria because the activity is a transnational crime usually involving movement out of the country, non-governmental organisations should also be part of the war on banditry and kidnapping in Nigeria and neighbouring states, through awareness creation programmes, the law enforcement agents, such as the police as well as other agencies meant for anti-human trafficking shall also intensify surveillance on the fight against banditry and kidnapping. They shall be receiving special trainings on how to identify victims of banditry and kidnapping and be able to take them from the kidnappers without them being hurt and constitutionally, there is need for severe penalties against kidnappers. This might serve as deterrence for those already involved and those willing to be involved.

Nigeria is beset with a lot of security problems such as Boko Harm, militancy, kidnapping, ethno-... more Nigeria is beset with a lot of security problems such as Boko Harm, militancy, kidnapping, ethno-religious conflicts, drug trafficking, agitation for resource control, communal riots, arms smuggling, and criminality that erode national security. No country can survive economically, socially and politically in a climate of insecurity. This paper examines the activities of Herdsmen, Banditry and Kidnapped in Nigeria. The paper has introduction, theoretical framework of Frustration aggression theory, herdsmen, banditry and kidnapped activities on secondary schools in Nigeria, some selected records of herdsmen, banditry and kidnapped activities in schools, conclusion and suggestions such as the study therefore believes that the problem of insecurity in North West and parts of states deserves serious governmental attention. The current efforts of various state governments are welcome, but such efforts will not be successful without genuine stakeholder participation and involvement and Federal government which has exclusive role on providing effective security by ensuring providing adequate security personnel with full training and working tools and also should make room for the inclusion of all layers of stakeholders. In evolving developmental plans for the region, efforts should be made to check the rising cases of benefit capture, whereby the real trickledown development benefits are captured by vested interest and elites while the people are left out. Available development agencies for the region should be strictly monitored to stem the rising case of corruption that has always been the hallmark of such agencies. Doing these will help to build the capacity of every stake holder, as well as engaging them in meaningful developmental activities.

Book Chapter, 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insecurity in school on academic performan... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insecurity in school on academic performance secondary schools' students in Benue State. The target population of this study is the SSSII students in all secondary schools in Benue State. A sample of 265 students was selected using Taro Yamane formula. This study used a survey research design.Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Means and standard deviations were calculated to answer the research questions and independent samples t-tests were used for testing the hypotheses. Major findings revealed that factors that constitute insecurity among secondary school students in Benue state that influence academic performance. Seven question items were presented to the respondents in the study, all the question items were accepted based on 2.50 decision point set in the study. The responses obtained indicate that there are factors that constitute insecurity and influences academic performance in Benue secondary school. How insecurity affects academic performance of secondary school students in Benue state. 5 question items were presented to the respondents. All the question items were accepted based on 2.50 decision point set in the study. The accepted question items include insecurity causes closure of Schools from academic activities; loss of interest due to insecurity among others. The obtained responses indicate that insecurity has significant effects on academic performance among secondary schools' students in Benue schools. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were they are efforts should be made by owners of schools as well as stake holders in education to ensure that school in Benue State are fenced and protected to ward off intruders from the school premises so that students can have a sense of security which will allow them to concentrate and improve on their academic performance.

Book Chapter, 2021

The challenges of global insecurity have been a bane on the development of societies. Ranging fro... more The challenges of global insecurity have been a bane on the development of societies. Ranging from wars to famines, disasters to mention but a few, the issue of global insecurity is one that has indeed, ravaged the global terrain. Particularly, in Nigeria, new threats such as terrorism and banditry have become so prevalent that it has become a development challenge especially in the areas affected. Therefore, a fundamental rethink is needed on the approaches adopted by the government in quelling this crisis. Using the theory of participation, this paper proposes that involving the communities affected through methodological conversation which focuses on a combo of Theatre for Development and Participatory Learning and Action, can help to alleviate this crisis. As a road map to bringing to the barest minimum, the crisis of banditry in the Nigerian society, this paper recommends the need to fully involve the people in the various communities with the help of facilitators, in the discussion of this pertinent issue. This is the only way for critical issues to be discussed and brought to fore as reasons and facts for the persistence of this anomaly will be exhumed through the methods that would be deployed thus, bringing a lasting solution to the menace called banditry.

Book Chapter, 2021

This study was to examine parental factor as a determinant towards insecurities among business st... more This study was to examine parental factor as a determinant towards insecurities among business studies students in Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design. Three research question guided the study. The population of the study consist of all Junior Secondary School in Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State. Simple random sample size was used for sample size. The data for the study were collected through questionnaire which were validated by experts. The home is the first place of learning for the child. The quality of parents in the home determines the personality and achievement of the child. Insecurity is very rampant in the country which includes rape, cultist, kidnapping and thuggery affecting academic enabling environment making parental factor comes to play. Parental factor such as socioeconomic status; parent level of income, family standard of living, family level of exposure and family size, it was concluded that parents are to checkmate their children co-curricular activities to avoid them from being instruments of insecurity by bandits, several gangs and government. Also, parental encouragement is needed to impart positive wits among students. Government should ensure conducive environment to enable parents support children and ensuring adequate security.

Book Chapter, 2021

Many community and social development projects do not adequately integrate a conflict sensitive a... more Many community and social development projects do not adequately integrate a conflict sensitive approach to community development, thereby causing harm, minimising positive impacts and maximising negative unintended impacts in developmental context. In development projects conflict sensitive planning is key, however, most interventionsexacerbate conflict as a result of poor planning-implementation and not acting upon the understanding of the interaction between the intervention and context. This study examines community electrification, health centre and classroom blocks project, situated at Itesiwaju community in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, the project was carried out by the community and social development agency, and was funded by the World Bank with state counterpart funding and community contribution. It was aimed at supporting community to tackle poverty and enhance livelihoods opportunities inpoor rural communities. The study found out that a conflict sensitive approach in accordance with global practices in project implementation was not fully carried out; this has led to the abandonment of the completed health centre project, due to boundary conflict between Itesiwaju and lagelu community. This study draws on qualitative research through questionnaires, key informant and in depth interviews to examine conflict sensitive approach; to identify the challenges in planning and implementation process between the intervention and the community. The study also discovered certain contending issues that had the potential to generate conflict. These related to inability both on the part of the government, agency and community to agree on the modalities for takeoff of the health centre project, also citing of project, lack of transparency among Community Project Management Committee (CPMC) members and choice of projects. It was observed that government role in providing hospital equipment's and personnel staff was part of the reason why the project is not functioning till date. The studyfound out that a conflict sensitivity approach is not only for conflict areas but rather should be mainstreamed to all humanitarian assistance and development intervention, in order to increase effectiveness for sustainable development.

Book Chapter, 2021

Nigeria as a country was a signatory to the Sustainable Development Goals, especially its goal tw... more Nigeria as a country was a signatory to the Sustainable Development Goals, especially its goal two, where it is envisaged that by 2030, member states of the United Nations including Nigeria must have ended hunger, achieved food security, improved nutrition, and promoted sustainable agriculture. In line with this, the Federal Government of Nigeria put some efforts in place to boost agricultural productivity to have food security in Nigeria. Benue State which prides itself as the food basket of the nation is not exempted from the ugly trend of food scarcity. This is a result of the displacement of the farming population and communities due to clashes between nomadic herdsmen and rural farmers in the state. Renewed clashes over land between ethnic Tivs and nomadic Fulanis in Edo and Benue states also led to the displacement of an estimated 15,000people since March 2012. The herdsmen and farmers' violent conflicts occurred in 14 out of 23 Local Government Areas of Benue State, known for a large quantity of production of food. The paper evaluates the nature and effect of the conflict and the impact it has on food productivity and security which includes low productivity of food that has led to the acute hunger in Benue State and Nigeria as a whole. Consequently, the work recommends among others that the ranching system, and grazing routes and reserves for herders and pastoralists should be established, with enlightenment to all stakeholders concerned.

Book Chapter, 2021

New waves of multi-scale crises are altering the bio-geophysical properties of the Lake Chad Basi... more New waves of multi-scale crises are altering the bio-geophysical properties of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB).Two of these challenges: climate change and security threats are causing radical changes in the political economy thereby undermining efforts at sustainable development. Though, the Federal Government of Nigeria has formulated policies to curb accelerants of these crises, yet, such measures do not address the root causes of these issues. Unfortunately, most of the policies formulated ignore their interrelatedness and interdependent nature. The dyadic relationship of these variables is investigated to explicate the constraints they pose to sustainable development. Overcoming the discontinuities between these three inversely related variables is the analytical fulcrum of this study. Using data derived from historical and secondary sources, the paper brings out their interrelatedness and impact on national integration. The key finding is that complexities exist at multiple levels between climate change and security at international, national, and local levels, thus, stifling sustainable development. For sustainable development, a mix of pathways and scales that do not only synergistically integrate these issues but stimulate favourable investment climate is promoted. A socially inclusive development, using agriculture as its springboard will catalyse a green industrial revolution, while, also spurring agricultural transformation of the region. It concludes that large scale bamboo cultivation in the Sambisa Forest and Lake Chad Basin comes with the co-benefits of not only dislodging Boko Haram insurgents from their stronghold but will earn carbon credit, improve environmental quality, act as watershed management, simultaneously promoting economic diversification and thereby attracting additional foreign exchange earnings in the post-fossil fuel era.

Book Chapter, 2021

Violence is on the increase in both rural and urban settings in Nigeria. Men, women, adults, yout... more Violence is on the increase in both rural and urban settings in Nigeria. Men, women, adults, youths, and even children perpetrate violence with impunity in both public and private domains regardless of their ethnic and religious affiliations. Even though perpetrators of violence are arrested, prosecuted, and punished, violence is alarmingly on the increase. The fact that punishment has not been able to discourage people from perpetrating violence calls for the use of peace education to enlighten the mind of the people. Peace education, both formal and informal, teaches people to embrace the culture of peace and tolerance in human interactions, while it rejects the culture of violence. The paper advocates curricular review at primary and secondary levels of education in the country to include peace and conflict subjects. It also recommends the commencement of a compulsory course-"Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies", at the tertiary level. Also, the paper recommends the use of entertainment education through video dramatizations and mass film viewing, as a strategy to curb rural and urban violence in the country.

Book Chapter, 2021

Various countries around the world are experiencing instability. Each country has its own set of ... more Various countries around the world are experiencing instability. Each country has its own set of circumstances. Efforts are being made all over the world to limit or stop them. Nigeria, as a developing nation, is not exempt. Efforts are also being made to lessen the danger. This paper aims to identify one of the areas in which Nigeria is severely impacted, namely environmental insecurity. The articles collected from the internet were used in this review paper. Over 100 references were found, but only a few that were important to this project were used. There is no question that environmental insecurity exists in the areas of air (epidemics, noise, ozone depletion, and climate change), water (oil spills, plastic waste, freshwater contamination, and acid rain), and soil (land degradation, erosion, deforestation, desertification, biodiversity). For Nigeria to be environmentally stable, the approved blueprint of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG) must be strictly pursued.

Book Chapter, 2021

The phenomena of insecurity and its attendant consequences have badly affected and slow-down soci... more The phenomena of insecurity and its attendant consequences have badly affected and slow-down socio-economic development and political stability in some countries of West Africa. Nigeria is one of the notable countries that have been grappling with insurgency, banditry, and militant activities. The country is beset with a lot of security problems such as Boko Haram, militancy, kidnapping, ethno-religious conflicts, drug trafficking, arms smuggling, and other forms of criminality that erode the country’s security. The various factors and/or actors that have exacerbated the fragile security situation in West Africa and Nigeria, in particular, are firmly rooted in the ‘scarcely governed’ nature of the country. The persistent security threats posed by the activities of different individuals and groups often take the form of banditry and cattle rustling which is now transforming towards reappraisal attacks and counter-attacks. Over the years, the security in the region has deteriorated due to certain changes in the ecosystem which affected peoples’ livelihoods negatively. This exacerbates long-running competitions among farmers and herders as both groups began to mobilised various armed groups as ‘vigilantes’ for protection.

The primary aim of this survey was to examine the effect of accessibility to mobile telecommunica... more The primary aim of this survey was to examine the effect of accessibility to mobile telecommunication service on the adoption of e-learning in tertiary educational institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. One hundred students of the University of Lagos and Lagos State University were randomly selected and administered questionnaire at pilot stage. Two hypotheses were postulated to guide the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and parametric statistical tool for correlational analysis. The results revealed that there is significant relationship between accessibility to mobile telecom service and adoption of e-learning on one hand; and quality of mobile service delivery and adoption of e-learning on the other hand (at .05 level of significance). It was recommended that telecom service providers should make improved value-added data services accessible and affordable to their subscribers so as to enhance the adoption of e-learning in line with the best global practices. ABSTRACT The paper looked at various challenges confronting tertiary institutions in Nigeria, such as insecurity, cultism, examination malpractices, corruption, poor funding among others. The paper highlighted importance of science and technical education in overcoming these challenges. Emphasis was laid on skill acquisition programme; entrepreneurship education and Community Learning Service (CLS) for both science and technical students in tertiary institutions. The paper was concluded by suggesting some recommendations for tackling tertiary institutions challenges in Nigeria such as funding of Science and Technical Education programs in Nigerian tertiary institutions; the funding should not be left for government alone, but stake holders and private/corporate organizations should join hands in funding Nigerian tertiary institutions.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

The current world economic structure created by the advanced nations in their bid to achieve thei... more The current world economic structure created by the advanced nations in their bid to achieve their imperialistic desires led to the division of the world into the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’, the latter been where Africa belongs to despite been blessed with abundant human and material resources. Africa has witnessed a lot of socio-economic challenges since the end of colonial rule. A continent, which at the point of her countries’ independence, had a bright economic future. What went wrong? It is on this axiom that this paper examines the role socio-economic factors have played in the development of Africa with focus on Somalia. Adopting historical methodology which encouraged ample utilization of primary and secondary resources, this paper will be limited to the use of secondary sources. This will be based on the use of facts and sources reviewed and retrieved from the existing literatures by scholars and diplomats made available for this study. These facts will be retrieved from the following secondary sources; textbooks, journals, magazines, library materials and extensive use of internet sources. The extensive use of these materials would aid the authors with much needed information to make this paper a success. Findings however reviewed that the once celebrated social institutions in Somalia collapsed as a result of bad leadership and outbreak of the civil war in 1991. These have continued to hamper the much expected growth and development in the country. Recommendations were therefore provided on how to solve the problems identified in this study.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

According to Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), COVID-19 protocols are the various precau... more According to Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), COVID-19 protocols are the various precautionary measures put in place by the public health practitioners to safeguard the health of the people against the disease. The main aim of the study is to assess the level of compliance with COVID-19 protocols among market women in Akure South Local Government area of Ondo State during the first wave of the pandemic between 27th February, 2020 and 30th November, 2020. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used for this study. The sample for the study consists of Three Hundred and Ninety Two (392) market women selected from the study area through a random sampling technique. Primary data were collected through self-administered questionnaire and the results were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Secondary data were sourced from the NCDC reports, health publications and internet. The result showed that the majority of the respondents were aware about the COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, protocols and implications but did not show high level of compliance with the preventive and mitigating measures that were prescribed by the local and global health bodies such as World Health Organization (WHO) and enforced by the governments. The study therefore, concluded that the market women displayed high level of non-compliance with COVID-19 protocols which resulted to high incidence of disease. The study further revealed that nonchalant attitude to precautionary measures have socio-economic and health implications. It is recommended that vigorous awareness programmes, timely enforcement of preventive measures and provision of palliatives during lockdowns to the residents would go a long way in mitigating the effects of the pandemic outbreak in the future.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

In boundary layer control, especially in engineering, aerodynamics, space research, and medicine,... more In boundary layer control, especially in engineering, aerodynamics, space research, and medicine, suction/injection factors are very crucial. These advantages prompted our interest to dig further into the effect of wall porosity in industrial working fluids. Therefore, this paper analyses unsteady magnetized flow through an upstanding plate with the involvement of suction/injection flow, buoyancy force and temperature dependent thermal property. The nonlinear partial differential equations for momentum and energy are modelled using a semi implicit finite difference scheme, while the analytical equations of the steady-state equations were calculated employing the regular perturbation technique. The solutions obtained were presented and discussed in detail using various line graphs. It is concluded that the injection parameter promotes fluid velocity, while higher suction and magnetic parameters values lead to a drastic reduction in fluid movement respectively. The findings from this research would be helpful for controlling fluid flow in vertical channels as well as aiding the addition and removal of reactants during chemical reactions.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Despite the abundance of mineral and natural resources in Ondo State and the various intervention... more Despite the abundance of mineral and natural resources in Ondo State and the various intervention policies of the government at state and federal levels, youth unemployment continues to rise exponentially. Available statistics shows that there is no motivation for entrepreneurial skills acquisition among the youth. This has hindered economic growth and job creations. This paper aims to evaluate the entrepreneurship as a remedy to the lingering menace of youth unemployment in Ondo State. To gather primary information for investigation, opinions of 260 respondents obtained by self-administered questionnaire were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample size comprised unemployed youths across the three (3) senatorial districts of the state, staff of National Directorate of Employment (NDE) in Akure, political office holders and Ondo State government officials that were purposively selected for the quantitative exercise. The study revealed that youth unemployment rate is high in Ondo State and the causes of unemployment were attributed to poor industrialization drive, insecurity, defective education curricular, infrastructural deficit and inconsistent government policies on education among others. The study also revealed that the entrepreneurship programmes and skill acquisition trainings of the federal and state governments have no significant impact on job generation as a result of corrupt practices and poor funding of various job creation schemes among others. It is therefore recommended that government needs to collaborate with informal sectors to create employment and rejig its school curricular to incorporate entrepreneurial courses that can drive employment generation, provide adequate funds for entrepreneurship programmes and avail entrepreneurs the financial support to start up medium and small scale business ventures.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Hundreds of thousands of people throughout the world suffer from sickle cell disease (SCD), a wid... more Hundreds of thousands of people throughout the world suffer from sickle cell disease (SCD), a widely prevalent genetic hematological condition. Osteomyelitis is most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Although it can be hard to tell the difference between benign SCD disorders and osteomyelitis, the latter is a dangerous and ultimately incapacitating illness. A thorough assessment of the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging is necessary for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Individuals with SCD may get medicinal or surgical therapies for osteomyelitis; however, in order to achieve the best results, care must be exercised in the preoperative and postoperative choice of antibiotics and maintenance.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Electronic health records (EHR) system provides invaluable contributions to the quality health ca... more Electronic health records (EHR) system provides invaluable contributions to the quality health care delivery. It helps in compilation, storage and management of electronic records of health related information of patients by authorized health care providers in health institutions. EHR system saves costs, reduces medical errors, saves time, evaluates and monitors patients’ health records among others. EHR system in medical practices has seen a significant increase in recent time but of limited use among health professionals in both private and public health institution in Nigeria. Thus, this study aims at evaluating the level of awareness and utilization of electronic health records system among health workers in Ondo State. A descriptive cross sectional design was adopted for this investigation. The sample consists of three hundred and ninety nine (399) public health workers purposively selected from six government’s owned hospitals in Ondo State. A systematic sampling technique was used to select participants from the study population. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using both descriptive and inferential statistics package for social sciences (SPSS). The results of the study revealed that most of the respondents are aware of the existence of electronic health records resources but are not making use of them in their various places of work. The result of the hypothesis tested between the respondents’ level of awareness by electronic health record and administrative purpose showed that there is significant relationship between the two variables (r =12.29, p<0.000). However, there is no significant relationship between respondents use of electronic health record system and administrative purpose (r = 13.09, p = 0.789). This study concluded that most health workers in Ondo State have high awareness of electronic health records resources but low utilization of the EHRS in their various offices. This study, therefore, recommended among others that government should ensure training and re- training of health workers on the use of information communication technology (ICT), improve electricity supply, procure and install computer system and internet facilities in the health institutions for efficient and effective service delivery

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

There has been increased concern about achieving universal health coverage in Nigeria. The migrat... more There has been increased concern about achieving universal health coverage in Nigeria. The migration of nurses to industrialized countries creates a vacuum in the origin country leading to insufficient professionals to manage the already poor health care situations. It is however important to note that adequately trained, fairly distributed and motivated health workers are impetus to improving the global health and achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development goal. An extensive systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline. Pubmed, Conchrane, Scopus, Global Health, Scientific Electronic Library Online and national news article was searched from 2006 to 2024. Studies related to nurses migration, its impact on the emigrating nurses and the general public were included. This review shows that there is massive migration of nurses globally especially in developing country such as Nigeria causing a significant brain drain, having its impact on the remaining workforce due to shortage, reduced quality of health to its citizen. Several factors which has been classified into pull and push factors has been implicated to be the cause, push factors such as poor remuneration and working condition, unstable economy and political environment, limited career and educational opportunity to mention a few. Pull factors namely attractive salary and retirement package, better employment opportunity and recognition of professional expertise. Nurses’ migration to developed countries in search of better opportunities has caused brain drain in Nigeria which has reflected on the health sector. It is therefore important to address push and pull factors in achieving a universal health coverage. Favourable policies should be adopted with proper remuneration and non-monetary incentives to encourage professionals to stay in their country of origin and implemented to reduce the exodus of nurses leaving in large droves and achieve better health for all.

Continental Journal of Applied Sciences, 2024

Worldwide, preterm birth and low birth weight are major causes of morbidity and mortality among n... more Worldwide, preterm birth and low birth weight are major causes of morbidity and mortality among newborns. These ailments raise the chance of developing chronic diseases later in life and can cause long-term health issues. Antenatal care (ANC) is acknowledged as an essential approach for keeping an eye on a pregnancy, spotting possible issues, and offering treatments that lower the risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery. Even though ANC has been shown to be important, more research is needed to understand how it is implemented and how beneficial it is for various groups and locations. The goal of this study is to highlight the importance of comprehensive antenatal care (ANC) in reducing the risks of low birth weight and preterm delivery, especially in environments with limited resources. This study focuses on the kind, timing, and frequency of antenatal care visits in order to assess the effect of this treatment on avoiding low birth weight and premature birth. A thorough analysis of the body of research was done, examining studies that looked into the connection between ANC and pregnancy outcomes. To evaluate the efficacy of various ANC therapies, data were taken from peer-reviewed studies and combined with other findings. The results highlight how crucial early and consistent ANC is for avoiding unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Timely interventions associated with high-quality antenatal care (ANC) are crucial in lowering the rate of preterm birth and low birth weight, which in turn improves newborn health outcomes. The study emphasizes the necessity of laws that guarantee access to high-quality ANC services, especially in communities that are underprivileged.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

The study aims to appraise the knowledge and attitude towards depression among women of reproduct... more The study aims to appraise the knowledge and attitude towards depression among women of reproductive age in Akure South Local Government area of Ondo State, South Western Nigeria. The study relied on Health belief theory as a theoretical fulcrum to explain health-related behaviour with respect to health intervention. A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted for the quantitative appraisal. The sample consists of a hundred and nine (109) women of reproductive age (18-49 years) residing in Akure South Local Government Area. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the informants from the population sample. Secondary sources like journals, WHO documents, publications, and relevant internet materials were utilized for information, while primary data were collected using the self-structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square) were employed for data analysis via statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). The results of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents have good knowledge about clinical depression: 63.6% agreed that depression is caused by biological change in the brain and 77.1% agreed that it can be treated by psychiatrists. The study also showed that majority of the respondents have positive attitude toward depression; 91.7% disagreed that person suffering from depression should keep as a secret while 73.4% agreed that people suffering from depression should always be in the midst of the people. The result of the hypothesis testing between knowledge of clinical depression and education status revealed a significant association between the two variables (x2 = 44.3. p <. 000). Conclusively, despite the good knowledge and positive attitude of woman of reproductive age in AKSLGA, the rate of incidence of depression is high. The study, therefore, recommended that government should strengthen the various mental health units in government-owned hospitals with a view to providing adequate counselling and psychotherapy services while NGOs should intensify awareness campaigns in order to reduce the high incidence of depression among the populace.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, often linked to hereditary factors. Ge... more Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, often linked to hereditary factors. Genetic screening and counseling have emerged as critical tools for identifying individuals at elevated risk and implementing effective preventive strategies. This paper explores the multifaceted role of genetic screening and counseling in reducing the incidence of breast cancer, with a focus on Nigeria. The primary objectives of this paper are to provide an overview of the genetic basis of breast cancer, emphasize the significance of genetic screening and counseling, and explore the existing barriers and implications. A comprehensive literature review from PubMed and google scholar using related themes on genetic counseling and breast cancer were reviewed and discussed, emphasizing studies and research conducted in Nigeria. The exploration includes genetic counseling awareness, knowledge gaps, utilization, and acceptance. The literature review highlights the escalating burden of breast cancer in Nigeria and emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions. Limited awareness and knowledge of genetic aspects among breast cancer patients and healthcare providers are identified as significant gaps. Barriers to genetic counseling and testing, both from the provider and patient perspectives, are discussed. Genetic screening and counseling emerge as invaluable tools in the fight against breast cancer, offering a proactive approach to risk assessment, prevention, and personalized management. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of incorporating genetic education into nursing curricula, conducting further research on the effectiveness of genetic services, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration to address barriers and improve breast cancer outcomes.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

This paper takes a good look at the important contributions made by women in modernizing agricult... more This paper takes a good look at the important contributions made by women in modernizing agriculture in Nigeria. The increasing roles played by women despite the challenges faced and the efforts put in place in overcoming these challenges have somehow contributed in modernizing Nigeria agriculture. The paper emphasized on the benefits of modern agriculture which include increase in productivity, increase in the efficient use of resources, improved quality of agricultural product, increase in economic development, enhance global food security and providing food for the world population, climate flexibility, access to varieties, technology advancement and sustainability of the environment. It also took a good look at the history of modern agriculture in Nigeria, delved into the colonial era and post-independence agricultural policies, the roles of women in modern agriculture and the challenges faced. The paper proffers ways forward in overcoming these challenges in order to encourage and boost the participation of women in their bid to modernize Nigeria’s agriculture.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) represents a significant public health concern, affecting both mater... more Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) represents a significant public health concern, affecting both maternal and child health. It results from alcohol consumption during pregnancy and leads to a spectrum of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities in the affected children. Despite extensive research, FAS remains a prevalent issue due to a lack of awareness and understanding among women of reproductive age. This study uniquely focuses on assessing the knowledge of women of reproductive age regarding alcohol intake during pregnancy and its link to FAS. By identifying gaps in knowledge and understanding, the study aims to inform more effective educational and preventative strategies. The primary aim is to investigate the impact of FAS on maternal and child health, raise awareness about its consequences, and explore strategies for prevention and management. A comprehensive survey was designed and implemented across diverse demographic groups to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of women of reproductive age about the risks associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The survey included questions on FAS, its causes, sources of information, perceptions, attitudes, and barriers to knowledge. Preliminary findings indicate that there is a significant gap in knowledge among women regarding the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Many women are unaware of the full extent of FAS and its long-term effects. Misconceptions and cultural beliefs further complicate understanding and behavior. Reliable sources of information are often inaccessible or underutilized. The study underscores the critical need for improved education and awareness programs targeting women of reproductive age. Accurate knowledge is essential for preventing FAS and mitigating its impact on maternal and child health. It is recommended that healthcare providers and public health campaigns focus on disseminating clear, accessible information about the dangers of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Enhanced educational interventions and reliable sources of information are vital to address knowledge gaps and change behaviors to prevent FAS.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

This study examined the technical efficiency of maize small-scale’ farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria.... more This study examined the technical efficiency of maize small-scale’ farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected for this study using a multistage sampling technique to select 300 maize farmers from the study area. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic production frontier. The significant variables affecting maize production were seeds (α0.05), agrochemical (α0.01), labour (α0.05), fertilizer (α0.01) and farm size (α0.01), while the factors affecting inefficiency were age (α0.01), farming experience (α0.10), household size (α0.10) and extension contact (α0.10). The study recommended that governments should provide affordable input like fertilizers, seeds and herbicides for the farmer and also create policies that will make more land available to maize farmer in Oyo State which can help improve their level of efficiency.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

This study seeks to determine factors influencing choice of adaptation strategies to climate chan... more This study seeks to determine factors influencing choice of adaptation strategies to climate change by yam farmers in Nasarawa state, Nigeria while the specific objectives were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents in Nasarawa states, Nigeria; identify factors influencing the choice of adaptation strategies by respondents in the study area; examine constraints to yam farming in the study area. Descriptive statistics, Multinomial Logistic Regression (MNL) and the Relative Importance Index (RII) were used to analyse the objectives. The study revealed a mean age of 51years and a mean yam farming experience of 37years. Respondents are literate and fertilizer is the major input for Yam production the study area. Yearly income, years of formal education, Household size and Educational level were the major factors influencing choice of adaptation strategies while Different planting dates (DPD), Cover cropping and Use of Inorganic fertilizers (UIF) were the major adaptation techniques been practiced. A Relative Importance Index of 0.78, 0.60, 0.55 and 0.58 indicates the major constraints to yam farming as Encroachment by Herders, Inadequate land, High cost of input and Changes in weather respectively. The study recommended that Government at all levels should be proactive in implementing the 1978 Land Use Act of Nigeria and Ranches for herders. This will provide adequate agricultural land for farmers as they desire to increase production but are constrained by the problem of inadequate land due to fragmentation and displacement due to Farmers/Herders crises. Also, adequate capacity building which will improve the farmers’ knowledge of appropriate mitigation strategy should be provided in order to mitigate the deleterious climate change effect experienced in their communities.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

This paper takes a good look at mechanization approach in helping farmers and processors solve th... more This paper takes a good look at mechanization approach in helping farmers and processors solve their needs in boosting food security in the rural areas of Nigeria. It delved into the history of mechanization during the pre-independence and post-independence era. The colonialist saw the great need to boost food production through the introduction of tractors, planters, harvesters and processing machinery for agricultural development. After Nigeria’s independence in 1960, successive government recognized the importance of mechanization for the development of the agricultural sector which brought about introducing diverse programmes and initiatives to encourage mechanized farming. One of such programmes was, operation feed the nation (OFN) where farmers were encouraged to embrace mechanized farming techniques as against the old traditional way of farming that involved mainly the use of hoes and cutlasses in carrying out farming operations. In the same vein, the Green Revolution was introduced to promote mechanization and modern agricultural practices. The importance of mechanization to both farmers and processors are numerous as it helps the farmers to minimize time and labour, increase their yield and as well improving the efficient use of resources. Mechanized equipment enable processors to carry out more volumes of agricultural products proficiently. This paper also looked into the myriad of challenges faced by farmers and processors as these include mechanization and environmental impact, inadequate access to information and technical know-how, high startup cost, uneven and small land holdings, availability and problem of quality machine/equipment, low market demand and poor marketing channels, cultural beliefs and socio-economic factors, low technical know-how of mechanization, lack of adequate infrastructural facilities and lack of maintenance and repair services. Resulting from these challenges faced by both farmers and processors, the paper offered ways forward on the country’s drive for food sufficiency through the effective use of mechanization by farmers and processors in the rural areas of Nigeria.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a vital staple food crop in tropical regions, providing a signific... more Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a vital staple food crop in tropical regions, providing a significant source of nutrition and income for millions of people, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) poses a significant threat to its production, causing substantial yield losses and rendering cassava roots economically unusable. This study aims to validate the RT-PCR technique for the accurate and timely detection of Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV), the causative agent of CBSD. To achieve this, cassava leaf samples showing typical CBSD symptoms were collected from Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda. These samples were then subjected to RNA extraction using a modified Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol at the Natural Resource Institute (NRI). The RNA was extracted and used as a template for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers targeting CBSV. The results show successful amplification of CBSV partial coat protein sequences in all tested samples using CBSV 10 and 11 primers, confirming the presence of CBSV. Additionally, CBSV 9 and 11 primers successfully amplify full-length coat protein sequences from two samples, providing further validation of CBSV presence. These findings highlight the importance of RT-PCR as a sensitive and specific technique for detecting CBSV, providing a valuable tool for disease surveillance and management in cassava production. The study reinforces the significance of addressing CBSD to ensure food security and economic stability in regions that rely on cassava cultivation. Further research and implementation of RT-PCR-based diagnostic methods could help to reduce the socioeconomic impact of CBSD and promote sustainable cassava production.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Medicinal plants are essential for human health and are a significant aspect of traditional medic... more Medicinal plants are essential for human health and are a significant aspect of traditional medicine in many developing countries. Among these plants, Ocimum gratissimum Linn. is notable for its multifaceted applications in treating various infections and culinary uses. This study aims to explore the nutritional composition and phytochemical properties of Ocimum gratissimum leaves collected from Gusau, Nigeria. Proximate analysis showed that Ocimum gratissimum is rich in crude protein (26.52%), carbohydrates (21.73%), and crude lipids (16.25%), making it a valuable dietary supplement. Furthermore, the plant exhibited moderate levels of crude fiber (15.06%), ash content (12.98%), and moisture (7.46%), suggesting potential health benefits such as improved digestion and mineral supplementation. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and glycosides. These compounds contribute to the therapeutic properties of the plant, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The abundance of flavonoids and alkaloids highlights the medicinal potential of Ocimum gratissimum. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed significant levels of flavonoids (0.28%) and alkaloids (0.29%) in Ocimum gratissimum. These findings support the plant's pharmacological significance and its potential as a natural source of antioxidants for therapeutic applications. The plant possesses noteworthy nutritional and phytochemical attributes, making it a promising candidate for both culinary use and medicinal purposes. The diverse bioactive compounds of this substance suggest potential health benefits, highlighting the need for further research to fully understand its therapeutic potential.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

The study investigates the influence of Management accounting by Private School Owners in Ado Ek... more The study investigates the influence of Management accounting by Private School Owners in Ado Ekiti for decision-making. The study's novelty is rooted in its ability to elicit ideas from schools in order to demonstrate that Management accounting's functions are also essential factors in determining its importance and effectiveness. As a result, the functions of Management accounting in private schools businesses were determined using an ordinary least squares regression model. This was done utilizing information gathered from 120 employees Private Schools in Ado-Ekiti. The study's findings revealed that using management accounting to collect and communicate information helps schools businesses to make better decisions. The findings also revealed that employing management accounting to process data and produce high-quality reports had a positive impact on school businesses for decision-making. The study's findings suggest that the efficient application of management accounting in decision-making is not limited to the school’s financial elements. The study reveals that large potential gains in financial performance are possible when organizations pay attention to management accounting components of data collection, processing, and communication, as well as the preparation of high-quality reports, both practically and academically.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

Exploring alternative protein sources has become crucial in addressing the shortage of animal pro... more Exploring alternative protein sources has become crucial in addressing the shortage of animal protein, especially impacting vulnerable groups like children and pregnant women in Southwest, Nigeria. Fast-growing, short-cycle poultry species such as domestic pigeons emerge as potential contributors due to their prolific breeding, rapid growth, and low maintenance requirements. However, traditional, cultural, and religious attitudes in South-West, Nigeria hinders the utilization of pigeons as food despite their superlative characteristics and nutritional values. This study employed the use of questionnaires containing a 3-point Likert square to investigate people's perceptions about pigeons among 810 pigeon producers, sellers, consumers, and other stakeholders in the region. The result which were analyzed descriptively revealed that socio-economic characteristics such as age, gender, education, and primary occupation may have influenced people's perceptions of pigeons in the area. Despite these challenges, there is optimism that pigeon farming could significantly contribute to the economic and nutritional development of people in the region. Achieving this requires community engagement, education, extension, and market strategies to enhance wider acceptance and integration of pigeons into the broader poultry practices. This integration can contribute to addressing protein deficiencies and promoting food security in the region.

Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2024

The study aims to report the importance and current use of management accounting usage by manufac... more The study aims to report the importance and current use of management accounting usage by manufacturing companies in Osogbo. Data was generated using a questionnaire, which was conducted on a sample of 30 manufacturing companies in Osogbo. Descriptive statistics on the usage of individual practices provide the basis for discussion. The results showed that the respondents perceived Management Accounting Usage (MAU) to obtain relevant information for proper decision making. Several factors, including nature of the business, type of information needed for making decisions, and utilization of existing resources, affect the choice of MAU by the manufacturing companies. The study has shown that MAU supported the organizational structure and management accounting processes. Management accounting can provide relevant information for capital investment decisions, which allow accountants to produce discounted cash flow, payback period, and accounting rate of return.

Continental J. Biological Sciences, 2022

Malaria remains one of the most complex and debilitating parasitic diseases in many regions of th... more Malaria remains one of the most complex and debilitating parasitic diseases in many regions of the world. A cross sectional study was carried out to assess gender and agerelated prevalence of malaria in Birnin Kebbi using the rapid test kits (RTD). Blood samples were collected from consenting family members by cleaning the thumb with alcohol swab and pricking using a sterile lancet. Thereafter, the drop of blood collected is tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test kit (RTD). Out of the 300 samples tested, 62(20.7%) were positive for malaria. The distribution between males and females were not significantly different (Males: 52.7% Vs Females: 47.3%; P> 0.05). Prevalence of infection, though highest among subjects of age group 11-20 years (31.4%) and lowest among younger children of 0-10 years (13.3%), showed no significant variation in distribution (P=0.113). It was therefore concluded that malaria was prevalent in Birnin Kebbi, and neither gender nor age of the residents is of significant influence on its distribution at Birnin Kebbi. Therefore, further studies on socioeconomic, environmental, behaviuoral or other malaria related factors are needed to ascertain the determinants of the disease in the community.

Continental J. Biological Sciences, 2021

Jos Metropolis is struggling to cope with serious water shortage and the inadequacy of the existi... more Jos Metropolis is struggling to cope with serious water shortage and the inadequacy of the existing water infrastructure. There has been no sufficient supply of pipe borne water to Jos Metropolis. Majority of people living within the environment depend on water from hand dug wells for their water needs. Physical, chemical and bacteriological evaluation of twenty one hand dug well water employing standard method was carried out with a view to characterize and ascertain their portability. The physical analysis revealed that pH ranged from 6.00-7.60 (av. 6.66) indicating almost neutral water. Electrical Conductivity (EC) of 708.00-989.00 (av.894.33) μS/cm and TH of 18.00-570.00 mg/L, revealed soft water with low dissolved solid Result of the chemical analysis showed that Ca 2+ ranged from 58.00-91.00 (av.73.90) mg/L, Mg 2+ from 0.00-3.02 (av. 0.18) mg/L, Na+ from 90.00-150.00 (av118.7) mg/L and K+ from 6.00-17.00 (av. 9.14) mg/L. This study revealed that the well water samples analyzed in the study area indicated that most of the parameters are within the approved WHO standards for drinking water except for the samples from wells No: 20, 4, 11, and 14 (Mungel Jos South,) (Naraguta B, Yan shanu, Yan doya all in Jos North) have Turbidity concentration of 10.34NTU, 18.3NTU and Total Coliform of 80/100ml , 69/100ml respectively against the WHO standard guideline values of Turbidity of 5NTU and Total Coliform of 0-10/100ml. The research indicated that the well water is soft, low mineralized and potable with the exception of few.

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Danladi and Suleiman - 14 (1): 9 – 15, 2021

Malaria has long been identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, in Nigeria. Data ex... more Malaria has long been identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, in Nigeria. Data explaining the potential effect of socioeconomic variables on malaria risk, are scantly available in many places. This study was conducted to assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on the occurrence of malaria among study population in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to gather relevant baseline information about the study population. Blood samples were collected and tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test kit (RTD). Persons who cannot read or write had more malaria infections to a significant level than those who were literate (Cannot read or write: 28.0%, vs Can read and write: 18.0%; P = 0.042). There were more cases recorded among farmers (29.5%), than civil servants (16.8%), business and unemployed persons (20.6% each). However, no significant disparity was observed in the distribution among various occupations (P = 0.244). More cases of malaria (24.7%) were encountered among low income earners per month (<N5, 000) than those who earned more per month (>N5, 000), with no significant variation (P = 0.210) in malaria burdens. Illiteracy among study participants has been identified as an important predictor of high malaria burdens in Birnin Kebbi. Public policy measures that can reduce inequalities in health coverage, and promote educational and economic opportunities of the poor may result in the reduction of the burden of malaria in the study area.

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Danladi and Shuaibu - 14 (1): 1 – 8, 2021

The Zoonotic, parasitic diarrhea disease Cryptosporidiosis, is a major constraint to livestock pr... more The Zoonotic, parasitic diarrhea disease Cryptosporidiosis, is a major constraint to livestock production throughout the tropics and beyond. However, data elucidating its incidence and distribution in cattle have not been sufficiently reported in Northern Nigeria. A cross sectional study on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and its distribution in cattle was carried out in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Faecal specimens were collected from 21 locations across the State and examined for Cryptosporidium using formal-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. A total of 550 cattle were tested for Cryptosporidium, 78 (14.2%) were infected. Age related differences, reveals a significantly higher prevalence in Youngs than adults (Young: 23.0% Vs Adults: 8.1%, P= 0.046). Variation in distribution was not gender related (Males: 15.6% Vs Females: 12.7%, P=0.076). Cryptosporidiosis in cattle was high in Kebbi State. Infection was higher in calves and this could be a zoonotic transmission route to humans. Improved management system and hygienic practices must be embraced and promoted by owners.

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Agbata et al. - 13 (2): 1 – 16, 2020

In this article, we formulated a mathematical model for the spread of the COVID-19 disease and we... more In this article, we formulated a mathematical model for the spread of the COVID-19 disease and we introduced quarantined and isolated compartments. The next generation matrix method was adopted to compute the basic reproduction number 0 in order to assess the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 deadly disease. Stability analysis of the disease free equilibrium is investigated based on the basic reproduction number and the result shows that it is locally and asymptotically stable for 0 less than 1. Numerical calculation of the basic reproduction number revealed that 0 1 which means that the disease can be eradicated from Nigeria. The study shows that isolation, quarantine and other government policies like social distancing and lockdown are the best approaches to control the pernicious nature of COVID-19 pandemic.

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Fadahunsi and Owoseni - 13 (1): 36 – 42, 2020

Ęni Sàngó bá ti ojú ę jà, kò níí báwǫn bú Ǫba Kòso-He who witnesses the wrath of Sàngó on an offe... more Ęni Sàngó bá ti ojú ę jà, kò níí báwǫn bú Ǫba Kòso-He who witnesses the wrath of Sàngó on an offender, would not dare to take Sàngó for granted. The proverbial expression incites the critical mind to remain ever in search of the validity of claims, to attain a supposed reliable ground of justification for dismissing doubts about occurrence of events or happenings. Little wonder that the Yoruba people aptly compares such condition of claim to knowledge with a witness' testimony of the terrible outcome of Sango's thunderous wrath on defaulting offenders, sanctioned to be guilty for something by the investigative cult of Sango. So much for the metaphor! The issue of COVID-19 is yet to be due for invoking the Sango stamp of sanction, which makes it quite a complex issue that demands more than one thousand ways of reflection. The reality of COVID-19 still looms large, accompanied by the much circulated impression from some quarters of such reality as myth or 'politicised' panic devised for the purpose of global economic power shift and hegemony, African nations not exempted. In this paper, we employ rational and critical thinking from the philosophical angle to reflect on how recovery from COVID-19 remains trapped in the circulation of myth, panic and reality within the context of Nigeria. The paper argues that until the value of truth-telling is implicated, anticipated substantial recovery from COVID-19 pandemic would remain plagued by the lingering consequences of infodemic (misinformation).

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Giroh and Nachandiya - 13 (1): 25 – 35, 2020

The state of insecurity in Nigeria, lack of social welfare programme and poor management of the p... more The state of insecurity in Nigeria, lack of social welfare programme and poor management of the palliatives has eroded public confidence in the government at various levels. The lockdown as a result of the outbreak subjected people to economic hardships, people had little to rely on and citizens living in poverty did not have welfare relief that could help them cope

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Okorie - 13 (1): 14 – 24, 2020

The "Nigerian factor", seen as an acquired value system and mindset which impedes the realization... more The "Nigerian factor", seen as an acquired value system and mindset which impedes the realization of certain pertinent goals in the society, is one which often manifests in the attitude and behaviour of Nigerians, to the extent that it has become the biggest challenge in the fight against the Corona virus pandemic. Using the medium theory, this paper analyses two drama skits created by the Nigerian popular Theatre Alliance, on the need to observe safety guidelines and also address some misconceptions surrounding the eradication of the virus. This was achieved through the intercourse between the theatre and social media. Findings reveal that through the digital theatre, resulting from the intercourse between the Theatre and social media, the power of theatre was popularised, as the actors turned out to be indirect activists addressing the audience on the need to observe safety protocols. Theatre here, served as a vehicle for information dissemination, on the need to observe the laid down guidelines. Therefore, considering the fact that the pandemic still subsists, this paper suggests that theatre should be deployed to reach out to a wider audience on the safety protocols to be observed. It further recommends that theatre practitioners devise better ways of embracing the new media platforms and outlets to reach out to the larger audience on other pressing issues in the society.

Continental J. Biological Sciences , 2020

An unprecedented outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 ... more An unprecedented outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic and a threat to public health by the World Health Organization (WHO). This review aims to highlight the current researches on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission and management, clinical features and diagnosis of COVID-19. Researchers are studying a number of potential drug targets for COVID-19. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use of convalescent plasma therapy to treat COVID-19. In the absence of safe, effective and affordable vaccines, the pandemic calls for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for early detection and management. Significant efforts are underway to develop vaccines against COVID-19.

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Onuoha et al. - 12 (1): 1 – 10, 2019

Practical studies to compare the efficiency of the synthetic hormone ovaprim on the spawning succ... more Practical studies to compare the efficiency of the synthetic hormone ovaprim on the spawning success of goldfish (Carassius auratus) with that of natural breeding was carried out using plastic tanks. The experiment was conducted in two different set up using two males and two females broodstocks. One male and one female were set up for the artificial breeding (ovaprim induced) and the other pair for the natural breeding. The weights of the fish were recorded as 25g, 27g for females and 20g for males. The ovaprim was injected into their body, for artificial breeding, at the rate of 0.5ml/kg body weight of the fish. After injecting the male and the female broodstock with ovaprim, they were left to spawn on their own in a prepared tank containing 20–50 liters of water with a floating plant. Hatching of the young ones occurred at 72 hours after spawning, at 27oC. The total numbers of eggs obtained by artificial and natural breeding were 350 and 220 eggs respectively. The hatchability was also found to be 99.56% for the artificial and 90.00% for natural breeding. The percentage survival rate of the fry was 86.0% for ovaprim and 68.3% for the natural breeding. It can, therefore, be deduced that artificial breeding conducted using ovaprim gives a better result than natural breeding and also has a greater survival rate.

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Okiriguo and Ovovwe - 12 (1): 16 – 23, 2019

This study was carried out to assess the microbial quality of ground water sources (well water) i... more This study was carried out to assess the microbial quality of ground water sources (well water) in Burutu town. Five randomly selected wells from five(5) areas of the town were selected and water samples obtained. The samples were subjected to standard methods of analysis. The results showed that the total coliform present in the water samples ranged from 2204 cfu/100ml to 2477 cf/100ml. These values are far above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 0cfu/100ml (absence of coliform) for safe potable water. These values may be as a result of poor groundwater source (well) construction, poor handling and lack of maintenance. Individuals who utilize water from these wells for consumption and domestics purposes are at risk of contacting water borne diseases if not properly treated before use.

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Okiriguo and Okiriguo - 12 (1): 7 – 15, 2019

The nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of Garcinia kola were determined using standard... more The nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of Garcinia kola were determined using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). The results revealed moisture (57.42 0.04), dry matter (40.53 0.02), crude fat (4.19 0.35), crude protein (2.47 0.09), ash (0.92 0.004), and total carbohydrates, (26.49 0.04) respectively. Fe was the most abundant element in Garcinia kola seed (18.14 mg100 g-1), followed by K (2.51 mg100 g-1). Also Co (2.01 mg100 g-1) and Zn (2.31 mg100 g-1) were detected. Mn and Co were available at low values. However, Cr was not detected (ND). The results of the preliminary photochemical screening of the extracts of bitter kola reveal the presence of bioactive substances. Results obtained were comparable to results obtained by other authors. From the parameters determined, it shows the sample can act as antioxidants, anticancer, anti viral, anti inflammatory, and anti allergic due to the results obtained. .

Continental J. Biological Sciences - Elesho Ojo - 12 (1): 1 – 6, 2019

This work was carried out to qualitatively analyze the phyto-chemical properties of selected toma... more This work was carried out to qualitatively analyze the phyto-chemical properties of selected tomato varieties. Three tomato varieties were procured and separately subjected to laboratory analysis. The laboratory analysis was carried out at the bio-medicinal laboratory center of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan. The following phyto-chemical properties were assessed: Saponins, Tannins, Alkaloid, Falconoid, Anthraquiones, and Cardiac glycosides. The result of the laboratory shows that out of the three varieties of tomato; beefsteak has the highest phyto-chemical properties. The phyto-chemical constituents of the three varieties are as follows: Beefsteak tomatoes contain saponins, tannins, flabonoids, anthaquinenones and cardiac glycoside. Roma contain sapomin, tannins, and cardiac glycoside, while cherry contain three properties of phyto-chemical which are saponins, tannin, and cardic glycoside. The result shows that the morphological trait of the three tomatoes varieties, in terms, of weight, size, shape and the thickness of their pericarp. Beefsteak has the weight of about 63.3g, round pointed tip, shape size of 6.5cm and the thickness of the pericap is 0.2mm, the roma has a weight of 38.33g, its oval in shape, it has a size of 3.1cm while three thickness of its pericarp is 0.07mm, cherry tomato has the weight of 21.6g, its oblong in shape, and it has a size of 2.0cm, and the thickness of its pericarp is 0.1mm. From the study, it can be concluded that there are considerable differences in the phyto-chemical properties of tomato varieties.

Continental J. Social Sciences Ojoh and Uwadia - 11 (2): 15 – 29, 2019

This paper examines Public Administration and Information and Communication Technology in today's... more This paper examines Public Administration and Information and Communication Technology in today's world. Public administration is the power for government feat, which is the product of political dynamics. Public administration is evolving into a new segment and phenomenon. This is instrumental in government activity and relevance to the goals and values of leadership. It is also part of the web of governance, deriving its form and substance from public policy. With information and communication technology, public administration is no longer limited to a particular geographical location. The barrier of poor circulation of information by the town crier is no longer an issue. Public administration now uses radio, phones, zoom, telegraph, twitter, Facebook, e-election, and e-governance, among others, for information dissemination. In this study we examine the past days of town crier as a mean of dissemination of information and the present days, where many ideas and issues are played out on the global stage such as local news, wars, education, strikes and so on and are seen in homes all over the world. Information and communication technology has changed the way we think and act. It has changed the act of governance. The government and public administration are much more careful with the way they administer leadership in today's world because of Information and Communication Technology. Public Administration is run like an open door policy because information can get to a million of people within a short interval of time through information and communication Technology tools even when the government does not wish to make information available to the public. Public Administration without information is like a deaf and dumb who is also blind. Hence, information and communication technology is the principal tool in modern public administration. Better still, Information and Communication Technology has offered an improved communication thereby bridging barriers across geographical locations. Furthermore, there are many information and communication applications introduced in public administration which are eprocurement, e-finance, e-election, e-governance, e-campaign etc. Anybody that will be relevant in public administration must get himself acquainted with information and communication technology. Nevertheless, the positive impact of information and communication technology outweighs the limitation, therefore public administration needs a rethink or overhaul for total compliance to information and Communication Technology.

Continental J. Social Sciences Ojoh and Akpochafo - 11 (2): 1 – 14, 2019

The Mundel-fleming trilemma portends that the three macroeconomic policies of international capit... more The Mundel-fleming trilemma portends that the three macroeconomic policies of international capital mobility, monetary independence and exchange rate stability or fixed exchange rate are mutually exclusive. In this paper, we obtain empirical evidence from a small open economy (Nigeria) to ascertain the validity or otherwise of the trilemma policy mix. Annual time series data were collected from World Bank World Development Indicators and IMF International Financial statistics from 1988 to 2018. The econometric techniques of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Augumented Dickey Fuller (ADF), and Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) models were employed in the empirical analysis. The cointegration test confirms that absence of long run relationship among the variables indicating high level of monetary independence by monetary Authorities in carryout monetary policies. Tests of significance support exchange rate volatility while international capital mobility is assumed. The study therefore recommends that monetary Authorities should make the best use of monetary independence and stricter measures to minimize the effects of international shocks and crises and to enhance the development of the capital sector.

Continental J. Social Sciences Salaudeen et al. - 12 (1): 16 – 27, 2021

In the recent time, many products of one category are not significantly different from each other... more In the recent time, many products of one category are not significantly different from each other but it is brands which cause important distinctions and preference for one product over other and as a result, many products in its declining stage of life cycle have switched especially when changes in preferences are no longer cared for by specific brand where firms invest heavily in developing a brand since brands are the most valuable assets and firms offers an opportunity for organizations to capitalize on their corporate ability and control their unique organisational cultures to own a place in consumers' mind and hearts and as a result, an important task within a firms brand extension is to encourage a favourable image for its brands. This study therefore, investigated the influence of new brand extension strategy on market extension and significant relationship between line extension strategy and market extension. The research design used for this study was a descriptive design where (102) one hundred and two respondents were contacted using purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed with the aid of Multiple Regression and Pearson Correlation of SPSS 20 to achieve the stated objectives. The findings revealed that (R 2 =84%, P=0.000) which shows that new brand strategy have strong positive influence on market extension and (58.6%, P= 0.003) which explain that there is positive significant relationship between line extension strategy and market extension. The study concluded that brand extension strategy is one of the strategic tools that can be used to affect marketing performance positively. It was recommended amongst many that since the new brand strategy remained one of the brand extension strategies that play a major role in market expansion, industry should not only create new brand from the existing one but also make sure that reason behind the creation is ascertained and maintained by the concerned departments in order to achieve their predetermined goals and also make sure that proper monitoring are placed on products.

Continental J. Social Sciences Adeyemi et al. - 12 (1): 1 – 15, 2021

Organisational productivity depends on the ability of an organisation to achieve efficiently indi... more Organisational productivity depends on the ability of an organisation to achieve efficiently individual objectives and this call for training and retraining of employees. This study therefore investigated the impact of employees training and development (on-the-job training and training evaluation) on organisational productivity (effectiveness) in Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State. The research design used for this study was descriptive design where (294) two hundred and ninety-four respondents were contacted using purposive sampling technique. The data was analyzed with the aid of Regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of SPSS 20 to achieve the stated objectives. The findings revealed that (R 2 =90%, Sig. 0.000) which shows that on-the-job training have strong positive impact on organisational productivity; (R 2 =75%, Sig= 0.000) which explain that training evaluation have a strong influence on organisational effectiveness; and (Sig. value=0.0000) which revealed that on-the-job training have positive significance relationship with organisational productivity. The study concluded that since training and development remains one of the tools that can be used to motivate the employees where management should imbibe the culture of training and retraining of employees. It was recommended that management should make sure that employees are schedule for training as at when due and allowances attached are given on time, institution must allow the trained one to be evaluated periodically based on the skill acquired.

Continental J. Social Sciences - Zideke Kasikoro - 11 (1): 29 – 55, 2019

This study examines staff discipline and organizational productivity in Delta State of School of ... more This study examines staff discipline and organizational productivity in Delta State of School of Marine Technology (DESOMATEC), Burutu. The study established that the standard of discipline is low thus, the study seeks to find out if: the work environment is responsible for staff indiscipline in DESOMATEC which in turn affects productivity. The main objective of this work is to examine and determine whether environmental factors in the work place are rationale behind staff indiscipline in DESOMATEC. The research design used is the Ex-post Facto Research Design and the research method adopted is the Content Analytical Method. This study adopts both primary and secondary data. Using the Elite Theory as a frame work of analysis, the study finds out that there is a significant relationship between work environment and staff indiscipline, which in turn affects organizational productivity in DESOMATEC. In addressing these acts of indiscipline in DESOMATEC, the study strongly recommends among others that Management and staff unions should make it a duty to continue to orient/educate staff about the ethical standard of the school and the penalty attach to any offence committed by staff.

Continental J. Social Sciences - Ebo - 11 (1): 17 – 28 , 2019

The implication of oil revenue on Nigeria's economic growth between 1989 and 2018 was examined in... more The implication of oil revenue on Nigeria's economic growth between 1989 and 2018 was examined in this study. Secondary data from statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) was used in this study. Multiple regression technique of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used in analyzing the data for this study. Findings from the analysis revealed that revenue from oil positively and significantly impacted on Nigeria's economic growth. It is imperative given the importance of the oil sector of the economy for the government to invest more in the sector and encourage local participation. However, because of reducing revenue from this sector, the government should revitalise the agricultural sector, the country's cash cow before discovery of petroleum.

Continental J. Social Sciences - Raheem and Ayika - 11 (1): 1 – 16, 2019

This paper examines the potency Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) as a Panacea t... more This paper examines the potency Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) as a Panacea to Solving Nigeria's Youths' Problem of Unemployment. Nigeria, an emerging economy with an estimated population of about 200 million is battling with poverty and unemployment problems consequently the country's quest for technological progress, industrialization and economic development is 'snail-speeding' and very unimpressive. TVET has been recognized worldwide as a tool for empowering people, especially the youth, for sustainable livelihood and social-economic development. This paper adopted a conceptual approach to explore how Technical Vocational Education and Training as a Panacea to Solving Nigeria's Youths' Problem of Unemployment. Materials were generated via internet, textbooks and other documents relevant to the study. The Nigerian government had initiated several youth empowerment programmes through TVET, but a lot of these programmes lack structure and their impact not felt by the nation's youths. This is evident in the substantial number of youth that still lack work skills-which often results to unemployment, insecurity, loss of lives and properties and chaos. The findings based on the literature reviewed showed TVET is backed up with the availability of materials, infrastructure, hard and soft skills coupled with good will on the part of government could be the vitally needed solution to the problem of graduates' employability in Nigeria. Truly, the battle against youth unemployment cannot be won without tertiary institutions collaborating with the private sector of the economy. This forms the thrust of this paper. It was recommended among others that educational institutions offering technical education programmes should tap the dynamisms and synergies of the 21st century workplace to the full to produce technical education graduates who can fit in and succeed in the 21st century world of work.

Continental J. Agricultural Science, 2022

This paper takes a look at various successive regime policies and programmes of government and se... more This paper takes a look at various successive regime policies and programmes of government and see how the Nigerian agriculture can be repositioned to achieve food security and restore the country back as a nation to be reckoned with her agricultural sector. More so, this paper look at the agricultural sector prior to independence when the nation enjoyed substantial success and development in the sector until the discovery of crude oil and government neglect of the agricultural sector due to substantial revenue from crude oil .The importance of the agricultural sector to the nation cannot be over emphasized. Apart from the fact that it has the potential to provide adequate food for the growing population, it also supply raw materials to a growing industrial sector. Over the years, the Nigerian government has injected money into the sector with various policies and programmes implemented in order to ensure that the country achieve food security. However, the sector has not been able to live up to its expectations due to myriad of problems that involve problems like bad governance, lack of financial support to farmers inadequate and untimely release of budgeted funds for agricultural development, use of crude farm tools, lack of storage facilities, general insecurity, farmers and herders crisis, climate change and other agro ecological hazards or disasters. In order to reposition the agricultural sector as the only criterion to move Nigeria forward, this paper highlighted several ways forward.

Continental J. Agricultural Science, 2022

The distribution of snail species was conducted at the Federal College of Agriculture Akure in On... more The distribution of snail species was conducted at the Federal College of Agriculture Akure in Ondo State, Nigeria. A GPS (Geographical Positioning System) reader was used to map out four randomly chosen locations. Snail samples were collected using three different sampling techniques: direct search, litter sieving, and deep net. A total of 443 snails were collected, representing 3 families and 7 species. The snails identified were Achatina achatina, Achatina Fulica, Monochoides vicinus, Archachatina maginata, Limicolaria aurora, Limicolaria flammea, and Melanoides tuberculata. The most abundant species were Achatina fulica, with 339 individuals and a relative abundance of 76.59%, followed by Achatina achatina, with 7.22%; Archatina maginata, with 6.09%; and Limicolaria flammea, with 6.7%; Monochoides vicinus, 1.4%; and Limicolaria aurora, 1.13%; Melanoides tuberculata was the least abundant, with 4 individuals and a relative abundance of 1.0%. Except for this species of freshwater snail, Melanoides tuberculata, no other freshwater snails were discovered at the fishing dam area. The findings of this study revealed how the number of snails collected varies depending on location and season. It was discovered that the distribution of snail species collected during the wet season is higher in location A(Fishing Dam Area), with 132 individuals, and lowest in location D(Graze Land Area), with 90 snails, when compared to snails collected during the dry season, which are quite low in all four locations. Anthropogenic activities had a significant impact on the snail species in all four study locations. With the help of this research, a variety of snails that live at the Federal College of Agriculture, in the Akure neighborhood, and nearby have been identified. Thus, despite being in the heart of the city, this study discovered that the Community had low diversity of snails. Farmers and students harvest snails for their meat, which is harmful to the snail population. The institution's management should work to preserve the forests and protect them from additional human activities that will likely devastate the ecosystem. The residents of the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, must be educated on the benefits of snails to the environment and ecosystem, as well as their economic importance.

Continental J. Agricultural Science, 2022

The level of agricultural mechanization practice in Nigeria is indeed low. This is attributed to ... more The level of agricultural mechanization practice in Nigeria is indeed low. This is attributed to the fact that many of our farmers and processors are still used to the traditional methods of practicing agriculture thereby not giving attention to the creation of mechanical means which has the added advantage of boosting their farm produce and products. This paper through secondary source of information had identified several areas where we went wrong and as a result of this, proffered several ways forward in overcoming the problems of agricultural mechanization practice in Nigeria.

Keywords: overcoming, mechanization, Nigeria, produce, farmers, products

Continental J. Agricultural Science, 2022

Field trials were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons at Okigwe in Imo State Nige... more Field trials were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons at Okigwe in Imo State Nigeria to evaluate the efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Occimum gratissimum, Chromolaena odorata, and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts for the control of insect pests of mungbean variety NM-92. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. Results obtained indicated that A. indica and O. gratissimum significantly (P<0.05) reduced the population of Chrysolagria spp and Megalurothrips sjostedti when compared with the control in the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. There was no significant difference in the population of Zonocerus variegatus, Ootheca mutabilis, Maruca vitrata, Clavigralla tomentosicollis and Aphis craccivora. A. indica and O. gratissimum performed best in both dry pod weight and dry grain weight in both cropping seasons when compared with other treatments such as Chromolaena odorata and Vernonia amygdalina by recording a significantly higher dry pod weight and dry grain weight. A. indica and O. gratissimum leaf extracts can be used to control Chrysolagria spp and M. sjostedti on mungbean applied at two weeks interval after crop emergence. The efficacy of the A. indica and O. gratissimum in reducing the insect damage on the mungbean could be attributed to their respective active ingredients.

Continental J. Agricultural Science - Suleiman and Muhammad - 15 (1): 11 – 25, 2021

The main objective of this review is to give an outline between the interactive effect of tropica... more The main objective of this review is to give an outline between the interactive effect of tropical climate seasons (Dry, wet and harmattan) in relation to Quail's physiological responses. Body temperature (Colonic temperature) has been used to measure the level of stress and adaptability of animals to various stress conditions. Preliminary investigation shows that mortality rate is very high among birds during cold-dry (Harmattan) season. The investigations were through literature searches from search engines on studies that were carried out within the tropical and temperate environments. During hot-dry season, as all other homothermic animals, quail reduces their metabolism rate with a decrease in feed intake in order to mitigate heat stress. It is further stated that thermal stress during embryogenesis has a long-lasting impact on quail development and physiology. However, amount and timing of precipitation play a vital role to quail reproductive success. More recent studies show that day light length is essential for egg production whereas a rapid decrease in testicular weight is observed in male quail with a reduction of day light length.

Continental J. Agricultural Science - Adewale et al. - 15 (1): 1 – 10, 2021

Spices are horticultural crops with the primary function of enhancing taste, flavour and appeal o... more Spices are horticultural crops with the primary function of enhancing taste, flavour and appeal of foods and beverage. Though they are not considered major crops, they can significantly contribute to attaining targets of sustainable global development considering their potentials in diet diversity, nutrition and health, poverty and hunger alleviation. Agricultural development which is dependent on availability and usage of information is crucial in improving the utilisation of spices. This will enhance their status from neglected and under-utilized crops (NUCs) to development-opportunity crops (DOCs) that will significantly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study was conducted to ascertain farmers' sources of information on utilisation of spices among farmers in the adopted villages of the National Horticultural Research Institute in Nigeria. Using multi-stage sampling procedure, 153 farmers were selected for the study. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaires and interview schedules and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority (72.5%) of the farmers were males, majority (81.1%) were married and 99.3% had formal education. Capsicum annumm was utilized by the majority (97.4%) of respondents and was ranked first of the spices considered. The sources of information on utilization of spices included friends and relatives, extension agents from Agricultural Development Programme (ADP). A significant proportion of respondents obtained information on utilization of spices from their parents and relatives. There was a significant relationship between sources of information and utilization of spices (r = 0.022). Modern means of communication should however be used to disseminate information on utilization of spices to take advantage of their diverse benefits.

Continental J. Agricultural Science - Ibekwe et al. 14 (1): 43 – 55, 2020

Field experiments were carried out at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Okigwe, Imo ... more Field experiments were carried out at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Okigwe, Imo State during the early cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of some ethanolicl plant leaf extracts : Allium sativum, Azadiracta indica Occimum gratissimum Moringa olifera and Tithonia diversifolia on the insect pests of okra. Three levels of concentration of each of the five extracts at 50%, 75% and 100%, distilled water as well as synthetic insecticide cypermethrin at 12.5% E.C. There were seventeen treatments replicated three times in a split-plot experimented design. Cypermethrin served as insecticidal check. Results of the study for both seasons showed the identified insect pests of the crop to include Leaf beetle (Podagrica spp), Cotton stainer (Dysdercus spp) and white flies (Bemissia tabacci). The result also showed that all the tested plant extracts at biweekly spraying interval were efficacious in controlling the insect pests. Higher yields in terms of fruit number and weight were recorded in all the concentrations of the plant extracts in the two seasons though no significant difference existed between them and that of the control (untreated) plots. Allium sativum at 100% concentration of all the extracts gave the highest yield of 5.33/plot and 33.5kg/plot for fruit number and weight in 2018 and 6.83/plot and 45.3kg/plot in 2019.The efficacy of the cypermethrin was highest in both cropping seasons having recorded 5.73/ plot for fruit number and 33.9kg/ in 2018 for fruit number and fruit weight and 7.54/plot and 48.6kg/plot in 2019 for fruit number and fruit weight respectively. The tested plant extracts proved efficacious in the control of insect pests of Okra since it accounted for reduction in insect population, leaf damage, increased marketable fruit number and weight in both seasons. The study also revealed that the extracts could serve as an alternative for synthetic insecticides for effective control of insect pests of okra since they are affordable, cheaper and safe.

Continental J. Agricultural Science - Ademiluyi et al. 14 (1): 25 – 42, 2020

Cassava is a common crop grown in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. The processing of cassava in... more Cassava is a common crop grown in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. The processing of cassava into its various finished products is of utmost importance to Nigeria. In April 2018, the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization conducted a National Mechanization survey purposely to determine the present status of the level of agricultural mechanization available for cassava processing operations in three southwestern States of Nigeria namely Ekiti, Ogun and Oyo States. The stratified sampling technique was used for conducting the survey exercise in each of the State surveyed. Survey results compiled together for the three States showed there exist a total of 64.88% and 22.45% involvement in manual and mechanical processing method, respectively, for the nine processing operations involved for cassava. Considering the importance of this crop to the nation's economy, it became necessary to encourage all State governments to assist cassava processors in their respective States with loan facility they could use to procure cassava processing machines which will assist in boosting cassava processing operations in Nigeria.

Continental J. Agricultural Science - Flore et al. 14 (1): 13 – 24, 2020

This study evaluated the growth and carcass of broiler chickens fed acha diet supplemented with p... more This study evaluated the growth and carcass of broiler chickens fed acha diet supplemented with phytase ® enzyme. Acha grains were used as replacement for maize such that two basal diets were formulated; maize-soybean and acha-soybean to serve as positive (T1) and negative (T2) control groups, respectively. The phytase ® enzyme was supplemented into the acha-based diet only at 250, 500 and 750mg/kg to constitute treatments T3, T4 and T5, respectively. A total of one hundred and twenty (120), day-old Abor-Acre broiler chicks were assigned to the five treatments with 24 birds each using a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was further subdivided into three replicates of seven (8) birds each. All chicks were managed in a deep litter house under the same experimental conditions for 49 days. Data was collected on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of chicken breast muscles. Results showed significant (P<0.05) differences in all growth parameters (except the feed conversion ratio) between dietary treatments. Final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved with enzyme supplementation. Feed intake was enhanced for birds fed acha with or without enzyme supplementation. Cost per kg gain, cost of feed consumed per bird and weekly cost of feed were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Phytase supplementation slightly improved the carcass yield (75.21-75.85%) of broiler chickens. Relative weights for back and breast weight were significantly (P<0.05) affected This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Abstract This study evaluated the growth and carcass of broiler chickens fed acha diet supplemented with phytase ® enzyme. Acha grains were used as replacement for maize such that two basal diets were formulated; maize-soybean and acha-soybean to serve as positive (T1) and negative (T2) control groups, respectively. The phytase ® enzyme was supplemented into the acha-based diet only at 250, 500 and 750mg/kg to constitute treatments T3, T4 and T5, respectively. A total of one hundred and twenty (120), day-old Abor-Acre broiler chicks were assigned to the five treatments with 24 birds each using a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was further subdivided into three replicates of seven (8) birds each. All chicks were managed in a deep litter house under the same experimental conditions for 49 days. Data was collected on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of chicken breast muscles. Results showed significant (P<0.05) differences in all growth parameters (except the feed conversion ratio) between dietary treatments. Final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved with enzyme supplementation. Feed intake was enhanced for birds fed acha with or without enzyme supplementation. Cost per kg gain, cost of feed consumed per bird and weekly cost of feed were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Phytase supplementation slightly improved the carcass yield (75.21-75.85%) of broiler chickens. Relative weights for back and breast weight were significantly (P<0.05) affected

Continental J. Agricultural Science - Suleiman et al. 14 (1): 1 – 12 , , 2020

The study was conducted to investigate the adaptive potentials of small ruminant breeds to heat s... more The study was conducted to investigate the adaptive potentials of small ruminant breeds to heat stress. A total number of 25 goats and 28 sheep were used. Rectal temperature (RT) respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR) and heat stress index (HIS) were measured in these breeds during late dry season and early rainy season. The results showed that the breeds had a significant effect (p<0.01) on rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and heat stress index. West African Dwarf goat has the highest means RT value (39.01±0.02 0 C) while Balami sheep recorded the highest mean (38.78±0.02). Boer breed of goat had the highest RR (33.17±0.03 breath per minute),the highest PR of 95.85±2.58 beats per minute was recorded for Red Sokoto breed and Boer breed had the highest value for HIS(1.26±0.01) while sheep breeds showed no significance to RR, PR and HIS. The RR was not significantly different for sex (29.44±0.02; 29.81±0.01 breath per minute) while there were significant difference in PR, RT and HSI. Conversely, there were no significant difference for sex in RR, RT, PR and HIS in sheep breeds.The age of goat breeds significantly affected (p<0.01) the RT, RR, PR and HIS, likewise in sheep breeds except RT. Concerning seasonal effects, values recorded for late-dry season were higher for RT, RR, PR and HIS compared to early-rainy season in sheep breeds while only PR and HIS were significant in goat breeds. In conclusion, West African Dwarf and Boer goats were more prone to heat stress than Sahelian, Kalahari and Red Sokoto goat while Uda and Yankasa breeds are more adaptive heat stress in semi-arid Kano. Adequate measures should be taken to reduce heat stress in these breeds.

Continental J. Sustainable Development, 2022

The paper examines the status of the Women Entrepreneurs and their importance in birthing economi... more The paper examines the status of the Women Entrepreneurs and their importance in birthing economic prosperity that is vitally needed to break vicious cycle of poverty. It also identifies the challenges faced by these women entrepreneurs, by reviewing various literatures and provides some suggestion or overcoming these obstacles. Women today have emerged as a key player in economic development of the nations. However this transformation of society is far from over and the women entrepreneurs not only face difficulties while starting up an enterprise but also during the running phase. Globally, they have become a key player in sustaining both social development and economic growth. Women in the last decades have made significant progress in obtaining responsible positions in the organizations. This paradigm shift is as a result of laws governing equal opportunities and equal pay; fair employment practices; changing societal attitudes towards women in the work place; and organizations’ desire to place qualified women in managerial positions to project a favourable image. Many women are becoming more educated and the idea that a woman should stay at home, baby sit, cook, go to market, take care of the children and the home is no longer current. The number of women who are gainfully employed increases per day. Women entrepreneurs face a number of barriers in the quest of achieving their ambition. They face social barriers right in the beginning of the start - up phase followed by the financial barriers. Market and skill related barriers make it more difficult for them to begin their entrepreneurial ventures. Barriers created by their own fears and attitude towards taking decisions for starting the business is another factor for the dismal percentage of women - owned enterprises. However, amidst a lot of difficulties, they have proven their ability to manage not only small businesses but also convert them into highly successful large industries.

Continental J. Sustainable Development, 2022

Continental J. Sustainable Development, 2019

The availability of jobs for numerous Nigerian youths has been a bane to Government both to the p... more The availability of jobs for numerous Nigerian youths has been a bane to Government both to the past and present. The new Government of President Gen. Muhamadu Buhari have promised teeming Nigerian youths seven hundred and twenty thousand (720,000) jobs. This paper examines entrepreneurship education as a gateway to small business development, growth and employment generation for national development with specific objectives to examine: how entrepreneurship Education create small scale Businesses in Nigeria, how employments are been generated through these small scale businesses and the possible areas of business opportunities for entrepreneurs. The research was carried out using secondary sources of data. The paper find that during this unemployment period, people who were retrenched from companies established small scale businesses which engaged them and make them productive again and also employed others. To increasing the standard of living, government has adopted various measures to cushion the rise of unemployment. These measures resulted into creation of small businesses which generated employments for many. Though, the measures have not yielded expected job vacancies. The paper concludes that entrepreneurship education is the sure way to inculcate into Nigerian youths the right attitudes to successfully develop, groom and run their businesses and finally it recommends that entrepreneurship education should begin from the cradle of education in our society.

Continental J. Sustainable Development Godwin Ihiokhan and Osaheni Oni - 11 (1): 16 – 28, 2021

This study investigated Nigeria Fiscal Federalism and Sustainable National Development in Nigeria... more This study investigated Nigeria Fiscal Federalism and Sustainable National Development in Nigeria. The researchers employed a descriptive survey method and a questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The population of this study consists of students, artisans, traders, civil/public servants and peasant's farmers in Auchi, Etsako West Local Government Area. The population of Auchi is sixty-two thousand, nine hundred and seven (62, 907). A sample size of three hundred and ninety-six (396) were therefore selected and used in the study. Availability or convenience sampling technique was adopted by the researchers to determine the proportion that constitutes the sample size for the study. The data obtained from the copies of the questionnaires retrieved from the respondents were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. Results indicated that fiscal federalism is expected to play significant roles with respect to breaking the monopoly of the central government, enhance even development, reduce tribalism, equitable distribution of resources and reduce corruption in Nigeria when rightfully implemented. Study revealed that fiscal federalism practice in Nigeria has not foster sustainable national development to a very high extent. The study recommended that Nigerian government should embark on full adoption of true fiscal federalism such as restructuring and resources control to facilitate even development and to a large extent curtail tribalism, agitations, insecurity and misconceptions. That is federating units should be allowed to harness, manage, control and utilize resources from their states.

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Abiodun et al. - 11 (1): 1 – 15, 2021

In Nigeria, past and present governments have continued to operate more than one accounts for col... more In Nigeria, past and present governments have continued to operate more than one accounts for collection and disbursing of government generated revenue in blatant disregard to the provision of Nigerian constitution which requires that all revenue generated at all levels of government be remitted in a single account. One of the tools used to regulate this barbaric attitude is through the establishment of Treasury Single Account and this assists in the transparency and accountability in the financial recourses of the government of the country. Treasury Single Account is a public accounting system under which all government revenue, receipt, and income are collected into one single account and optimal utilization of government cash resources. Through this system, all bank accounts are linked together, all government transactions i.e. both receipts and payments are paid into a single account at any given time. However, this paper conceptually examined the benefits and objectives of treasury single account policy. Also, the paper looked at integrity, accountability and financial discipline as key elements in treasury single account policy. Therefore, the researcher recommended that government should improve on the accountability of public sector funds, financial discipline through Treasury Single Account. Furthermore, government should engage in massive public enlightenment about the importance of this policy.

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Raheem et al. - 10 (2): 35 – 49, 2019

The need to tackle the scourge of poverty, reduction of inequality, protection of the environment... more The need to tackle the scourge of poverty, reduction of inequality, protection of the environment and promotion of well-being of citizens has made scholars and researchers to shift attention to good governance. The aim of this paper is to give an overview on the issues of the sustainable development and to outline its link with good governance. The paper adopted a conceptual approach to elucidate how sustainable development in Nigeria could be achieved if good governance is factored into relevance by the leadership of the country at all tiers of government. In a society still in search for solutions for sustainable development, good governance has always been recognized to be a critical tool for advancing sustainable development and a crucial element to be incorporated in sustainable development strategies to cope with the development agenda. Sustainable development argues that the current use of resources should minimize the level of harm to the future use of resources. Governance is capable of common sense and the versatile planning that is required for sustainable development in Nigeria. Good governance' is recognized as a complex and multi-dimensional concept that incorporates a guiding philosophy or set of operating principles, a preferred process or way that people interact with each other, and a desired situation or outcome. The partnership between government, civil society and science offers useful insights into the attributes of good governance and the way that this underpins and facilitates prudent resource management. The success of governance in any organized political system is determined by the quality and quantity of change brought about by such governance, which means that the development of any organized political system is determined by the quality of leadership in government. This paper therefore posits that good governance is a sine qua non of development, and can therefore be the pivot and the vitally needed catalyst for sustainable development in our country.

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Nwakuche et al. - 10 (2): 27 – 34, 2019

This study assessed the problems facing fish farmers in four (4) Local Government Areas of Kwara ... more This study assessed the problems facing fish farmers in four (4) Local Government Areas of Kwara State. Thirty (30) fish farmers based on availability were surveyed in this study. The stratified sampling technique was used to carry out the survey. The data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis. The outcome of the survey exercise carried out revealed that water shortages during dry season, lack of capital, disease and pest infestation and high cost of fish feed were identified as part of the major problems that affected fish farming business in the study area. The study recommends the use of supplementary feed for catfish such as maggot and other locally formulated feed as an alternative to foreign feeds which are very expensive. In view of this, the study further recommends that fish farmers in Kwara State should attend trainings on maggot production, preservation and utilization.

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Raheem Shefiu - 10 (2): 1 – 26, 2019

This paper examines and also gives credence to the potency of intrapreneurship as a launch - pad ... more This paper examines and also gives credence to the potency of intrapreneurship as a launch - pad for organizational re – engineering that is considered as the vitally needed catalyst for economic growth and development. Intrapreneurship refers to employee initiatives in
organizations to undertake something new, without being asked to do so. It is a process by which individuals-either on their own or inside organizations-pursue opportunities without regard to the resources they currently control. Major activities related to intrapreneurship include opportunity perception, idea generation, designing a new product
or another recombination of resources, internal coalition building, persuading the management, resource acquisition, planning and organizing. Key behavioural aspects of intrapreneurship are personal initiative, active information search, out of the box thinking,
voicing, championing, taking charge, finding a way, and some degree of risk taking. It discusses the similarities and differences between intrapreneurship and independent entrepreneurship. Organisations employing intrapreneurial strategies have a competitive edge, which also boosts economic development. Clear reward systems and strategies must be in place to ensure that the intrapreneur is adequately compensated for their innovation.

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Raheem Shefiu - 10 (1): 41 – 63, 2019

This paper lucidly presents why creativity and technological innovation is considered as a major ... more This paper lucidly presents why creativity and technological innovation is considered as a major force in the field of entrepreneurship and the fulcrum of economic growth. It also focuses on some of the most distinctive features of innovation. The psychological study of creativity is essential to human progress. If strides are to be made in the sciences, humanities, and arts, we must arrive at a far more detailed understanding of the creative process, its antecedents, and its inhibitors. One of today's primary management challenges is the development of organizational cultures that value innovation, change, and creativity. The adoption of an ethic of innovativeness allows the organization to stretch the limits of individual and collective knowledge, skill, and ability to meet complex consumer needs. Creativity within organizations is influenced by management practices in conjunction with creativity-relevant work group skills.

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Odulaja and Adesanya -10 (1): 22 – 40, 2019

Those with hearing impairment are on the increase in our society due to factors such as undue exp... more Those with hearing impairment are on the increase in our society due to factors such as undue exposure to prolonged high level of noise from various sources from infancy causing auditory neurological imbalance, aftermath of improperly treated diseases such as measles, resultant effect of fatal accidents and the side effects of certain prenatal or antenatal therapies. These have rendered many otherwise useful individual useless. This study examined the effect of emerging technologies on combating hearing impairment challenges. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Using purposive and expert sampling techniques, a sample of 300 comprising of technology experts, hearing impaired persons and human rights activists was taken from Ogun State Nigeria. Simple percentage analysis and Chi square statistical tools were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that adoption of emerging technologies on Hearing Aids such as Cochlear Implant, Alerting device and Assistive Listening Devices (ALD) will improve economic and social performances of hearing impaired persons; there will be significantly better performance of persons with hearing impairment who adopt emerging technologies compared to those who do not; level of awareness of the requisite technology by persons with hearing impairment significantly enhances their chances of adopting emerging technologies. In view of the findings, it was apparent that people with hearing impairment can be as resourceful in our society as other citizens without any discrimination if advantage of appropriate emerging technology is taken. Government should do more to assist persons with hearing impairment to acquire the relevant technological devices to make them socially and

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Oyelade et al. - 10 (1): 14 – 21, 2019

Cassava is seen among the common crops grown in Nigeria. This nation can make a lot of foreign ex... more Cassava is seen among the common crops grown in Nigeria. This nation can make a lot of foreign exchange from cassava through the export of its finished products. The National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM), Ilorin in April 2018 conducted a National Mechanization survey exercise in Ekiti State purposely to investigate the present level of agricultural mechanization available for cassava processing operations. The stratified sampling technique was used for conducting the survey exercise in the State. Survey results revealed for the nine (9) cassava processing operations involved showed that cassava peeling and washing operations were 100% dominated by manual processing
method in all the cassava processing units visited in the State. A total of 68.96% was recorded for manual processing method for the nine (9) processing operations involved for cassava. It was also noted that a total of 20.31% was recorded for mechanical processing method for the six (6) cassava processing operations involved as grating, dewatering and milling operations contributed to this figure. Cassava became an important crop almost grown in all parts of Nigeria as the Federal Government of Nigeria showed great interest in promoting the export of cassava chips to China and also the inclusion of 10% of cassava flour with 90% of wheat flour in the making of bread. Because of the
importance of this crop to the Nigerian economy, the Ekiti State government is advised to assist cassava processors in their State with loan facility they can use to procure cassava processing machines for use in their various organizations in boosting cassava processing operations in Ekiti State of Nigeria.

Continental J. Sustainable Development - Adekola Joseph - 10 (1): 1 – 13, 2019

The level of poverty and prevailing poor health of many Nigerians has been a thing of concern to... more The level of poverty and prevailing poor health of many Nigerians has
been a thing of concern to both health practitioners and policy makers.
Despite the several poverty-alleviation programmes of successive
governments in the country to promote the standard of living among our
people, there is ample evidence to show that many Nigerians are still
suffering from malnutrition and abject poverty especially in the rural
areas. Honey production has however been reported to be a venture that
requires little capital investment, but a fast income generator. Honey has
also been used worldwide nutritionally and medicinally. In this paper,
we reviewed the nutritional value of honey and how its production can
bring sustainable income to individual and increase national foreign
exchange earning thereby contributing to national development. The
problem of adulterated honey was also noted and possible solution
suggested.

Continental J. Arts and Humanities, 2022

Undoubtedly, commerce plays a vital role towards the growth of a particular locality. This is so ... more Undoubtedly, commerce plays a vital role towards the growth of a particular locality. This is so in the case of Aba, which is often referred to as ‘the commercial hub’ of Igbo land, South-east of Nigeria. Looking at Aba from economic dimension, it could be said that the area witnessed a lot of economic activities especially, trade in oil palm. It was as a result of this mineral resource (oil palm) that attracted people of different descent- both Africans and non-Africans to the area who came with their commodities to engage in one form of trade or another. Adopting historical methodology which encouraged ample utilization of primary (oral and archives) and secondary sources, it attempts a reconstruction of the history of the town with a view to indicate the relative contribution of economic factors to its growth. Findings however, revealed that the major stimulus for the growth of Aba to an urban center was as a result of economic activities that took place in the town. This factor and the location of Aba, had even before the British presence engendered a trend in Aba’s growth. This existing force of growth encouraged the rise in population, rise of entrepreneurship, for instance; leather works that was manifested in the emergence of numerous foreign and indigenous enterprises, and in fact, laid the infrastructures that has made Aba an important town in Nigeria. The increased immigration of people attracted by economic opportunities created a situation in which the Ngwa owners of the land became vastly out-numbered by the non-Ngwa residents. It is on this premise that this paper will examine land and people of Aba, how Aba emerged as an economic hub as well as discusses the impact of economic activities on the area under review.

Continental J. Arts and Humanities - Agbonifo Rosemary, 12 (1): 15 – 31, 2020

Life in pre-colonial African was heavily influenced by religion, tradition, and customs and almos... more Life in pre-colonial African was heavily influenced by religion, tradition, and customs and almost every aspect of life was seen and linked the supernatural. In Africana traditional society, human successes and misfortunes are attributed to the efficacy of the deities and gods which are believed to be influencing human existence. Hence, in whichever way life becomes, the traditional African belief is that the gods are responsible. This study, therefore, aims at exploring the concept of supernatural beings, the roles and influences on human existence and the belief system in the African societies as it affects the day to day existence of man. Selected African literary works were studied to examine the belief system in Africa as well as expose a society whose stability seems to rest on tradition, beliefs, culture, religions, and the worship of gods. Findings from the study indicate that Africans are in one way or the other connected to the supernatural forces via the worship of their gods and ancestral powers that is their forefathers. And that the presence of these supernatural forces amid Africans is evidence that the supernatural has absolute control over the lives of every individual in African society. The researcher, therefore, recommends amongst others that the African society should embrace the worship of the only true God Almighty and shun barbaric practices in the name of superstitious beliefs.

Continental J. Arts and Humanities - Saidu Tunenso Umar 12 (1): 1 – 14, 2020

The article examines sociological paradigms on the spread and containment of Coronavirus (COVID-1... more The article examines sociological paradigms on the spread and containment of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Nigeria. The content reveals both the real and imagined battle between man and Coronavirus. It has been revealed that the entire globe is experiencing mass hysteria of hopelessness and restlessness in the fight against the coronavirus. The entire world is passing through a perplexing time characterized by a rude and barbaric death rate. The articles recommend that territorial imperatives must be observed with a high sense of decorum for the sake of these generations and ones yet born. The protocols from WHO should be adhered to, especially wearing a facemask, physical distancing, and regular hand washing. However, contextualizing issues are to be moderated as indicated in ethno-methodological perspective.

Continental J. Arts and Humanities - Zideke Kasikoro - 11 (1): 42 – 65, 2019

The study focused on local government and service delivery in Nigeria by interrogating the autono... more The study focused on local government and service delivery in Nigeria by interrogating the autonomy dilemma using Burutu local government council as a case study. The central argument of this paper is that the lack of financial autonomy in the local government system affects service delivery; hence there are noticeable poor performances in Burutu local government area council. The research design for this study is survey design. The study relied on both primary and secondary data for this study. Both qualitative and quantitative content analysis was explored to analyze the data. Thus, the data generated were presented in frequency distribution tables and analyzed, using simple percentage method. The chi-square statistical tool was also used to test the hypothesis of the study. One of the main findings of this work is that the lack of financial autonomy in the local government system, especially in Burutu Local Government Council affects service delivery at the grass root. The study therefore, recommends among other things that local government councils should be given fiscal autonomy for effective service delivery at the local government level.

Continental J. Arts and Humanities - Oluwole and Oyetunji - 11 (1): 24 – 41, 2019

This paper analyses treasury looters in Nigeria since independence. It also itemizes alleged klep... more This paper analyses treasury looters in Nigeria since independence. It also itemizes alleged kleptocrats and their offences and Whistle blowers’ recovery according to Economic and Financial Crime Commission. As we all aware that Nigerians diamond independence anniversary is two years ahead with one major question disturbing the minds of average Nigeria. The major question is how can kleptocrats be eradicated? The ages of self-government though short, but provides an opportunity to examine how Nigeria is heading to a state of kleptocracy. It is disturbing that kleptocrats are in all ramification their activities can be seen at Local, State and Federal governments as well as private organizations. Again, kleptocrat is seen as an attempt to turn Nigeria to a state of small cabal. The study employed descriptive survey method, with population consisting people of Ogbomoso South Local Government Area of Oyo State. Multi stage sampling procedure was adopted and different stage of sampling when carried out this investigation. Three research questions were generated to guide toward analysis of the results. The results of the study show that the economic predicament of Nigeria is as a result of unchecked mismanagement and embezzlement of nation’s fund. To turn the situation around, the paper recommends (i)Inculcating the training of integrity into the school setting right away from primary to secondary and tertiary institutions. (ii) Severe penalty to those find guilty of one act of corruption or the other, among others.

Continental J. Arts and Humanities - Akinyoola - 11 (1): 11 – 23, 2019

The establishment of tertiary institutions in Nigeria necessitated the setting up of entrance exa... more The establishment of tertiary institutions in Nigeria necessitated the setting up of entrance examinations into these schools. This becomes more understandable if one considers the teeming population of youths seeking admission into these tertiary institutions. Hitherto, each institution used to conduct entrance examinations in line with their autonomous status.

Continental J. Arts and Humanities - Akinyoola - 11 (1): 1 – 10, 2019

That safety on the roads is a sine qua non to national development is no longer in doubt. Without... more That safety on the roads is a sine qua non to national development is no longer in doubt. Without this, multiple accidents and of course the concomitant carnage and death of nationals who would have contributed to national development would be the order of the day. The Federal Government of Nigeria thus decided to establish an arm to ensure safety on roads. This paper examined the history of the Federal Roads Safety Corps (F.R.S.C.) of Nigeria between 1988 and 2016. The paper employed the use and synthesis of available materials on the subject. It was found out that though the F.R.S.C. was doing its best to ensure safety on the roads, more still had to be done in this regard. It
was therefore recommended that the Federal Government and States should further empower the safety organizations to achieve the objectives of their founding fathers.

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

Sustainable development is the concept that individuals and societies must live and satisfy their... more Sustainable development is the concept that individuals and societies must live and satisfy their requirements without jeopardizing future generations' capacity to cope using its own resources. One of the concepts is wisdom. In this paper, the holy bible was used as the major reference. The ways by which wisdom is endowed unto a nation and the benefits of applying of God's wisdom were discussed.

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

Sin began when man disobeyed God and decided to go his own way, and to this original rebellion ca... more Sin began when man disobeyed God and decided to go his own way, and to this original rebellion can be traced all the evil and wrong doing in the world today. It accounts for crime. It accounts for the hatred, enmity and suspicion which exist between people of different countries and colours, religious, classes and creeds. Sin therefore is a deep-seated attitude of rebellion and hostility towards God. Sin degrades man and disrupts society; but by far its most serious effect is that it isolates us from God

Continental J. Education Research, 2022

The paper is on strategies used by teachers for the teaching of oral English in Bayelsa state sec... more The paper is on strategies used by teachers for the teaching of oral English in Bayelsa state secondary schools in Nigeria. The teaching of oral English in schools aims at improving the communication, competence of the learners in a number of areas, transactional turns, pronunciation, intonation, and so on. The paper also looked at approaches to the teaching of oral English, communicative stress, transactional turn, discoursal approach, description narrations and instructions, pronunciation and intonation, segmental features, supra-segmental features and intonation. Some recommendations were made, research (1) more emphasis on the teaching of oral English in our secondary schools (2) more emphasis on the use of communicative approach of English language teaching in designing the teachers syllabus.

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

The study investigated the information needs and information seeking behavior of students of Fede... more The study investigated the information needs and information seeking behavior of students of Federal College of Agriculture Akure. The study ascertained the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents, identified information needs and sources of information, determined the perception of respondents' information seeking behavior and identified the constraints to meeting their information needs. Data was obtained from 295 randomly selected students with the aid of a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that 84.4% of the students were between 17-25 years with mean of 20.4 years, 51.5% of the respondents earned between ₦6,000 and ₦15,000 with a mean of ₦8,798.17k, 57.3% were males, 94.9% were single, 51.9% needs information to complete academic assignment and 78.6% source for information to carry out research work, 81.6% source for information daily. Grand mean of the perception of students according to information seeking behavior was 4.19. The most significant constraint to information seeing behavior of the respondents was power outage (93.9%) had constraint of no regular electricity supply as a barrier to seeking information. Chi-Square results showed that age (χ2=255.000, P=0.000), monthly stipend (χ2=146.219, P=0.000) and Household Size (χ2=41.688, P=0.035 significantly influenced information needs) Sources of information was also significant with frequency of seeking information (χ2=80.520, P=0.000). The study concluded that information need and information seeking behavior of students is so crucial to the success of students in Federal College of Agriculture, Akure in achieving their goals. It was recommended that the library staff should modify their public relations and ensure good rapport between them and the students so as to encourage the students in seeking necessary assistance.

Continental J. Education Research - Fakandu and Abdullahi - 13 (2): 35 - 47 , 2021

This paper discussed the conceptual definitions of capacity building and its impacts in organisat... more This paper discussed the conceptual definitions of capacity building and its impacts in organisations. The paper also discussed capacity building for librarians and how it enhances library operations. The role of librarians was equally discussed based on the new trends in librarianship. Information services played significant impacts in developing individual and libraries national sustainability. As such, the chapter highlighted some information services rendered in Nigerian libraries such as technical, reference, bibliographic, library cooperation, reprographic extension/community services and it also explain how it affect the capacity building of librarians and the libraries. Information and communication technology (ICT) has radically transformed most of the services provided by a library. ICT is heavily utilized in the storage, processing and dissemination of information. This paper successfully described the application of information and technology (ICT) as enabler in facilitating library services for national sustainability.

Continental J. Education Research - Sunday et al. - 13 (2): 23 - 34 , 2021

The study investigated the effect of mother's tongue (Yoruba Language) on the academic achievemen... more The study investigated the effect of mother's tongue (Yoruba Language) on the academic achievement of secondary school students in mathematics in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja. The study had four (4) research questions from which four (4) null hypotheses were formulated, which were tested at 95% level of confidence. The study employed survey and experimental research designs. The target population comprises all secondary school students who speak Yoruba as their first language. Out of the 356 students involved in the study, one hundred and fifty-four (154) students were purposefully selected as experimental group. The instrument for data collection was Mother Tongue Mathematics Achievement Test (MTMAT). The instrument had been validated by experts and professional mathematics educators, from which a reliability coefficient of 0.867 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test statistic. The results of the findings showed that mother tongue had a significant effect on the achievement of both junior and senior secondary school students taught mathematics but no level of significance was recorded based on the students' gender. It was therefore recommended that Yoruba language be used in teaching mathematics at the secondary school level to Yoruba speaking students, and by implication, teachers and parents should encourage the children to put more focus in the learning of their mother tongue.

Continental J. Education Research - Osaheni Oni et al. - 13 (2): 9 - 22 , 2021

This study examined the usability of academic library resources by university undergraduates for ... more This study examined the usability of academic library resources by university undergraduates for national sustainability. The study employed a descriptive survey method and questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Undergraduates of the faculty of education and faculty of engineering of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma with a population of five thousand and fifty-one (5051) was selected and used in the study. The sample size of three hundred (300) was randomly selected from the total population. It was revealed from the study that the undergraduates use textbooks to very high extent. It was found from the study that lack of knowledge about the resources, lack of awareness/publicity and Lack of computer training are some of the major challenges militating against undergraduates' use of library resources. The study therefore recommended that university management should organize at regular interval seminar and workshop to sensitize the students on the need to imbibe the habit of constantly utilizing the library resources not only to pass examination but also for self-development in the area of knowledge and skills acquisition that will enable them contribute their quota to national sustainability.

Continental J. Education Research - Anaduaka and Sunday - 13 (2): 1 - 8 , 2021

Mathematics is a language of science, and its understanding is paramount to any nation that desir... more Mathematics is a language of science, and its understanding is paramount to any nation that desires growth and development in the 21 st century that is technologically driven. Practical mathematical approach in the mathematics laboratory is a panacea and cure to the demonstrated mathematics phobia by many students in class. This paper described what mathematics laboratory should look like, the equipment expected in the laboratory, the setting and the maintenance of the instructional resources, and the principles to guide the behaviours of the mathematics laboratory users. The paper also stressed the need for each school to have functional mathematics laboratory in terms of equipment, and of course good mathematics teachers for the students to acquire the mathematical skills facilitated through laboratory experience.

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

This study investigated knowledge management practices in Auchi polytechnic library in the 21 st ... more This study investigated knowledge management practices in Auchi polytechnic library in the 21 st century. The study employed a descriptive survey method and questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The total population for this study is forty-four (44) respondents. The entire population was used for the study using purposive sampling technique. The data obtained from the copies of the questionnaire retrieved from the respondents were analyzed using simple statistic of frequency counts, percentage and mean. It was found from the study that attending training programmes, conferences, seminars, improving library services, to contribute to knowledge creation of the library, to identify and protect strategic knowledge present in the library, loss of key personnel and their knowledge and to increase knowledge sharing are factors that could influence knowledge management practices in Auchi polytechnic library. The study also revealed that Lack of incentives or rewards for innovation and sharing of knowledge by library staff, Inadequate train and retraining programmes for library staff, Lack of knowledge sharing culture in the library, Lack of adequate resources in the library and Lack of top management Commitment to knowledge management practice in library are the challenges facing knowledge management practices by library staff. The study therefore recommended that, The polytechnic library management need to brace up to ensure that library staff are equip with the necessary knowledge management skills and competence through programmes like seminars, conferences, workshops etc. to remain relevant with the rapid changes of the 21st century, which is knowledge driven.

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

This study examines the role of the Universal Basic Education Programme in equipping the individu... more This study examines the role of the Universal Basic Education Programme in equipping the individual Nigeria child to live a meaningful and fulfilling life and drive maximal social, economic, and cultural benefits from the reality of globalization. The study discusses concept of globalization as a multifaceted phenomenon which poses challenges and offers some opportunities to nations and their citizens. Unless the nations respond to these challenges, they may not fit in properly in a new world social order. In this regard, appropriate changes and modifications are essential in the primary education curriculum to enhance the development of appropriate values, attitudes, and knowledge for the national citizens.

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

The study examines the moral education as instrument for character formation towards academic att... more The study examines the moral education as instrument for character formation towards academic attainment of secondary school students in Ogun State. The study employed descriptive survey research design where questionnaire was used to acquire necessary data for the research work. Population (200 respondents) comprises of all secondary school students in Odeda Local Government, Ogun State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 10 secondary schools in which twenty 20 students were randomly selected from each of the chosen school to make a total of 200 as sample for study. The research instrument used for the study was a questionnaire. Three research questions were answered for the study. The data collected was analysed with the use of simple percentage, mean and standard deviation statistical tools to answer the three research questions. The result revealed that character education is an umbrella term used to describe many aspects of teaching and learning for personal development". Some areas under this umbrella may include development of moral reasoning, cognitive development, social and emotional learning, moral education, citizenship education, life skills education, caring community, risk behaviours prevention and many others. It was therefore recommended that moral education should be part and parcel of education curricula in Africa in general and Nigeria in particular to bring about the in character and formation as a whole.

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

At the beginning of the slave trade, the Yoruba were among the largest number of Africans that we... more At the beginning of the slave trade, the Yoruba were among the largest number of Africans that were taken from West Africa. Scholars have investigated the diffusion of Yoruba culture in the Diaspora and how it has endured in these societies. The influence of Yoruba culture is so pervasive in Latin America and the Caribbean that AnaniDzidzienyo equated the totality of the way of peoples of African descent in the Diaspora with Yoruba civilization. No wonder Bascom sum it up when he asserts that 'no African group has had greater influence on the new World culture than the Yorubas. Two major trends are consistent and easily discernible in Yoruba history and culture; these are organization and adaptability under adverse condition. Yoruba culture away from home sustains itself and adapts to other cultures more than any other culture. Yoruba culture was noted as a catalyst that set many of the slave revolts in motion in the Americans and the Caribbean Islands and the cohesive force that held them together. This revolution has been described as the greatest achievement of the Yoruba away from home. This paper argues that the revolution, which was historically rooted in a legendary Yoruba tradition that abhors injustice, corruption and oppression, represents the very best of Yoruba cultural-attainment in the Diaspora. This study therefore, represents a major revision of the current historiography on the emancipation movement and further highlights the methodological challenges of reconstructing the history of the slave trade in the Diaspora

Continental J. Education Research, 2021

Civic Education is the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens taught in many primar... more Civic Education is the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens taught in many primary schools in some years back but have been replaced with citizenship education in some secondary schools in Nigeria. It was not until year 2007 that, the civic education curriculum for the 9 year Basic Education was born to exist pari-pasu with Social Studies curriculum. This paper highlights the reasons for Civic Education in Nigeria; as the country has moved from normative society to pluralistic society. This situation has created negative behavioural change which is noticeable in Nigeria today. This paper in drawing attention to the fact that civic education is an unnecessary duplication of Social Studies curriculum in another garb, outlines the lapses in the Upper Basic Civic Education Curriculum and in addition raises seventeen (17) yet to be tackled queries. The paper further outlines the blocks and topics which are adoptable as curriculum for Civic Education in Nigerian secondary schools and finally states some problems that may militate against the implementation of the curriculum. An immediate revision of the Civic Education Curriculum is recommended.

CONTINENTAL J. EDUCATION RESEARCH - Arifalo et al. 12 (1): 30 – 45 , 2020

In the year 2020, the SARS CoV 2 outbreak worldwide affected so many areas. The economy, politica... more In the year 2020, the SARS CoV 2 outbreak worldwide affected so many areas. The economy, political, religious, sporting, educational, social, and other activities of nations, including Nigeria, were affected. The purpose of this review article focuses on the effects of the virus on the educational setting. Therefore, the paper deals with the impact on tertiary institutions in Nigeria of the SARS CoV 2 pandemic. The focus is on rape and murder; innovations, research and projects; loss of human life and academic sessions, early marriages and pregnancies, teaching and learning online, and more. Recommendations have been provided.

Continental J. Education Research - Etonihu and Chukelu, 12 (1): 16 – 29, 2020

This study investigated the Effect of Persuasive Communication Model on senior secondary school s... more This study investigated the Effect of Persuasive Communication Model on senior secondary school students' Beliefs towards selected topics in Biology in Keffi, Nasarawa State West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State. Three research questions and three null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The study adopted 2×2 factorial non-randomized and non-equivalent, pre-test and post-test true-experimental research design. The population of the study comprised 14,400 senior secondary school II students in Keffi. Multistage sampling technique was employed to draw the sample for the study made up of 210 SSII students from four co-education public senior secondary schools. A structured and validated questionnaire Reproductive Health Education Beliefs Questionnaire (RHEBQ) was the instrument used to collect data. The reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained using the Cronbach alpha. Face and content validities of RHEBQ were established by the opinions of five experts. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings revealed that were significant change in beliefs of students towards RHE in the experimental groups. The study also revealed that there was no significant difference in the belief rating of male and female students' who were exposed to persuasive message in the experimental group. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that Biology teachers should be encouraged to adopt Persuasive Communication Model as a strategy when treating topics related to reproductive health since it has the potential to change beliefs and attitude.

Continental J. Education Research - Eriba et al. - 12 (1): 1 – 15, 2020

This study investigated the Effect of Persuasive Communication Model on Gender and School Locatio... more This study investigated the Effect of Persuasive Communication Model on Gender and School Location in changing Students’ Beliefs and Attitude towards selected topics in Biology in Keffi, Nasarawa State West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The study adopted 2×2 factorial non-randomized and non-equivalent, pre-test and post-test true-experimental research design. The population of the study comprised 14,400 senior secondary school II students in Nasarawa West Senatorial District. Multistage sampling technique was employed to draw the sample for the study made up of 210 SSII students from four co-education public senior secondary schools as the sample for the study. A structured and validated questionnaire Reproductive Health Education Beliefs and Attitudes Questionnaire (RHEBAQ), which face and content were established by the opinions of five experts was the instrument used to collect data. The reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained using the Cronbach alpha. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of the study showed that there was no significant interaction effect of gender and school location on the Persuasive Communication Model in changing students’ beliefs and attitude towards reproductive health education component of Biology. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others, that students should be encouraged to attend reproductive health classes to acquire the right knowledge and see the need of having positive beliefs and attitude towards Reproductive Health Education components of Biology.

Continental J. Education Research - Bakare et al. - 11 (1): 31 – 44, 2018

Pension has been a cross issue in Nigeria. It has been so not because the right is not recognized... more Pension has been a cross issue in Nigeria. It has been so not because the right is not recognized, but rather, its recognition has been bogged down by the absence of the financial wherewithal to actualize the right. A new contributory pension scheme was introduced through the Pension Reform Act 2004 which was repealed in 2014 to reflect and accommodates the exigencies of grail areas that were not in the previous Act. However, a number of challenges still persist. Hence, this study assessed the challenges, prospects and strategies for proper implementation of pension policy in the selected state owned tertiary institutions in South Western Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for the study. Primary date was collected through the administration of questionnaires to purposively selected active staff totaling 644 of state owned tertiary institutions in both Lagos and Osun State of Nigeria. The data collected were analysed using descriptive method of analysis. The study revealed that, while there was regular deduction from staff salary, the employers’ contribution was not regular, and no regular remittance of pension deduction to the PFA. Also, concerning the prospect of the new pension policy include the encouragement of savings among the participants, motivation of workers to be more economical and watchful in their spending and management of their resources by making save for their livelihood during old age, guarantees retirees long term benefit after retirement, possible huge return on the investment made on behalf of the retirees and saves the time and stress that retirees used to face in the old pension scheme. The strategies to ensure proper implementation include the provision of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Centre for providing access to regular account balances, account statements and retirement plan advisory, provision of complaint centre at every institution, and proper enforcement of the relevant sanctions of the Pension Reform Acts on defaulting employers to improve on the existing compliance by the pension commission.

CONTINENTAL J. EDUCATION RESEARCH - Akintunde and Danlami - 11 (1): 21 – 30 , 2018

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the use of commercially produced foreign language c... more Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the use of commercially produced foreign language course books as core teaching materials in young learner classrooms. In many cases, the approaches taken and the methods advocated in these materials are accepted uncritically by the teachers using them regardless of their teaching context. Teachers in some contexts also do not have a choice and are forced to ‘teach the book’ and implement methodologies that they may not agree with. However, in both cases there is a huge risk of not doing what is best to promote learning. To avoid this possibility a more critical stance towards language learning materials is needed. This paper presents the concept of instructional materials, then presents a classification of teaching materials, importance of instructional materials, some criteria for selection of instructional materials and lastly discusses the general criteria for the evaluation of English Language learning resources.

CONTINENTAL J. EDUCATION RESEARCH - Akintunde and Famogbiyele - 11 (1): 1 – 20 , 2018

The importance of materials in language teaching and learning has been extensively acknowledge, i... more The importance of materials in language teaching and learning has been extensively acknowledge, it culturally-specific content in which all norms, values and standards as well as beliefs of learners are taught in relation to the content. It is culturally or locally-relevant because learners will be able to relate them to their own everyday-life situations and experiences so that they are meaningful to them. Also, adaptation process has offered some great advantages, but the researchers and educators failed to identify its limitations and drawbacks and left behind the consequences it may bring about, only focusing on theoretical frameworks,
principles, technique and overlooking the idea of how such adapted materials will practically influence the effectiveness of language learning in a wide variety of learning contexts. Teaching materials are a key instrument in most language courses. This paper presents an overview of the use of authentic materials in the English as a second/foreign language classroom and their significance for language learners. It also examines the concept of material adaptation, criteria as well as its limitations in the English as a second language classroom.

Continental J. Engineering Sciences, 2020

A delicacy eaten by Nigerians is pounded yam eaten with any form of soup. It is prepared manually... more A delicacy eaten by Nigerians is pounded yam eaten with any form of soup. It is prepared manually by pounding yam and cocoyam with mortar and pestle. It takes 30-45 mins to plan. Efforts are directed towards reducing the heavy pressure on the preparation of the pounded yam. The design and manufacture of pounding machines by the Department of Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Nigeria, is one of the efforts. The object of this research was to conduct an organoleptic analysis of the pounded yam developed from the manufactured machine. In order to assess the organoleptic analysis of pounded yam in terms of appearance, taste, color, odor and texture, a ten-man panelist was used. A quality class of 22.6-25.0 (excellent), 20.2-22.5 (good), 18.2-20.1 (satisfactory), 16.2-18.1 (less satisfactory) and <15.2.5 (less satisfactory) were scored by the panelists (unsatisfactory). Sensory characteristics were also graded as 1= unsatisfactory, 2= less satisfying, 3= satisfactory, 4= good, and 5= excellent. The findings showed that the mean results were 4.55, 4.43, 4.15, 4.32, and 4.08 respectively for color, colour, odour, taste, and texture. Variation coefficients (per cent) were 16.89, 17.80, 21.65, 15.67, and 24.40. The skewness of the parameters was negative, although its Kurtosis has only odor in negative form (-0.37). The presence (19-24 percent) of all samples was ranked high above all other parameters by all the panelists. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Principal Component Analysis revealed the parameter relationships. In conclusion, the machine pounded with yam was scored above satisfactory, which means that the machine produced was effective.

Continental J. Engineering Sciences, 2020

The basis of an efficient functioning of a power grid is an accurate balancing of the electricity... more The basis of an efficient functioning of a power grid is an accurate balancing of the electricity demand of all the consumers at any instant with supply. A balanced load in an electrical panel means the neutral current is zero. Load balancing results into significant energy saving opportunities as well as very significant electrical facility maintenance cost. The case study is the University of Jos 11KV dedicated feeder and its electrical distribution network. There has been an exponential increase in the maintenance cost of the network from the power transformer to the distribution board at the various electricity supply distribution points. Most of the high tension breaker, distribution transformers, feeder pillars and the distribution boards have been getting burnt. This led to monitoring of the phase load of each of the transformers on the dedicated feeder, and it was observed that most of the loads at the feeder pillars were unbalanced. Attempts towards balancing the load led to significant reduction in maintenance cost of the feeder to 40%. This shows that load balancing not only leads to energy saving, but also significant maintenance cost saving as well.

Continental J. Information Technology - Olurayi et al. 6 (1): 34 - 39, 2012

The study focused on library administration in private university libraries in Nigeria using Lead... more The study focused on library administration in private university libraries in Nigeria using Lead City University library, Ibadan as the case study. The scope of activities in Lead City University library, as observed by the researchers, was studied in-depth; the line of administration and routine tasks performed in the library were evaluated. The objectives of the study included identifying the administrative and management procedures prevailing at the library and also, the factors that influence the management of the library. The conclusion was that though the library was functional and performing to the best of the ability of the management, it still had some areas that must be looked into and the recommendations made are that: the acquisition of library materials should be all-inclusive (that is, involve the university librarian, the different departments and their representatives, the students and all relevant others) and not just the school management; library catalogue should be made available to users of the library to further aid in the location of needed materials; charging and discharging of library resources should be introduced and lastly, the library should have written policies to guide the management and members of staff in the day to day running of the library.

Continental J. Information Technology - Olorunsaye and Adetunji - 6 (1): 27 - 33, 2012

A research was conducted on the management structure of the Lead City University Library in the d... more A research was conducted on the management structure of the Lead City University Library in the digital age Notably, the library materials are very relevant to the education and research needs of the students as well as the community it serve, but the digital revolution impact on the management structure and operational value is unknown. Lack of Information Communication Technologies tools, inadequate workforce at the expense of expected huge current collection for information access promotions and delivery, are provoking factors that undermind the administrative modus operandi. Observatory method was employed to evaluate the existing administrative and service structures. The evaluation platform was basically on projected structure and service quality, user satisfaction and relevance in the digital age. The study, recommends the measures that would assist functional administration techie savvy environment for informed decision and proactive service such as, call for urgent review of the existing operational and budgetary allocation policies, incorporation of a semi-autonomous system of management, introduce a policy on internally generated revenue; organizing repeated in-service training to the staff for maximum output; provision of enhanced service satisfaction through prompt takeoff of the automation process and digitization of the library materials. Finally, the University Librarian and School management were implored to explore creation of operational policies, advocacy. Consortium and networking with the local and international libraries for 21si century learning, education, research and information service delivery.

Continental J. Information Technology - Anomo and Oyenuga 6 (1): 21 - 26, 2012

This study is designed to determine the impact of the use of internet on technical college vocati... more This study is designed to determine the impact of the use of internet on technical college vocational students' academic performance in Ogun State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study among other things focuses on identifying the attitudes of students toward the use of internet; to determine the purpose of internet usage by students; to find out the intensity of internet usage by students and to find out whether the use of internet improves the academic performance of students or not. Survey method was adopted the research. Data were collected from one hundred and forty (140) technical college students in seven (7) technical colleges Ogun State, Nigeria. Means and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. Interviews were also conducted with students to compliment the data collected The findings of the study reveals that most of the secondary school students access computer connected to the internet through the use of the cyber café or settings open to the public; the students spend more of their time outside the school and their homes to use the internet; female students are more disposed to the use of the internet for social networking than their male counterparts; most of the special sites students visit on the internet are not for academic engagements or school work; most of the devices used are connected to the internet through the use of modem and the use of internet technology show significant relationship with students academic achievement and it motivates the students to get along with schoolwork. The study however recommended that technology should be embraced in all technical colleges in Ogun State, Nigeria. INTRODUCTION Technical colleges of today have come of age in this new information revolution. From the time they started elementary school, the World Wide Web existed. Many of them were using the Web early in their school careers. Technology is now used throughout the world for gathering information, keeping records, distance learning, and global collaboration for lifelong learning and work. Its pervasive use cut across almost all aspects of modern life including business, industry, communication and entertainment warrants continued efforts on the part of educators to positively prepare students for participation in a technological world.

Continental J. Information Technology - Kenni et al. 6 (1): 16 - 20, 2012

Science and mathematics teacher's exposure to computer training and factors hindering their acqui... more Science and mathematics teacher's exposure to computer training and factors hindering their acquisition of computer knowledge were examined in this study. The study was a descriptive survey research. The sample was made up of fifty two (52) science and mathematics teachers randomly selected from ten coeducational secondary schools in Ekiti south west Local Government Area of Ekiti state. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire which sought information on the exposure of teachers to computer training (section A) and factors hindering science and mathematics teachers' ability to acquire and retain computer knowledge and skills (section B). Results revealed that only 20% of the teachers used had adequate exposure to computer training. The identified factors that hindered their acquisition and retention of computer knowledge are lack of personal computer system, high cost of computer training and paralytic power supply. Based on these results, recommendations for improving science and mathematics teacher exposure acquisition and retention of computer knowledge were made.

Continental J. Information Technology - Mebawondu et al. 6(1): 1-15, 2012

The peril of poverty in Africa according to UNDP report (1998) tells us about 54 percent of the p... more The peril of poverty in Africa according to UNDP report (1998) tells us about 54 percent of the population is estimated to live in absolute poverty in Africa. In recent years Information Technology (IT) has emerged as an important instrument to curb poverty in the nation. The objectives to promote Information Communication Technology (ICT) in every economic sector to alleviate poverty, i.e. promote the use of ICT facilities such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and internet to alleviate poverty are among the enormous considerations in this paper. This research is an attempt to examine how internet services can reduce poverty level in Nigeria. This study relied so much on secondary data. The result from the statistical analysis tool, shows that ICT's user growth is on the increase yearly. This in turn makes a positive impact towards reducing poverty in Nigeria. There is need to encourage the agencies such as National IT Development Agency (NITDA), ZINOX, OMATEK and GALAXY to monitor and control organization to curb the use of the Internet and mobile phones facilities.

Continental J. Nursing Science, 2023

Government departments use the air quality index (AQI) to inform the public about how unhealthy t... more Government departments use the air quality index (AQI) to inform the public about how unhealthy the air is now or may become in the future. As the AQI increases, so do the health threats. It is a daily air quality index that is used to report on air quality. In addition, a measure of how air pollution impacts one's health over a limited period of time. The AQI was created to assist people in understanding how local air quality affects their health. Therefore the aim of the study was to assess one-day air quality of 253 towns in Nigeria, thereby determining the health threat in these towns. The data was collected from the Tutiempo Network's regular data set by the EPA Environmental Protection Agency. Data on all of the major pollutants (O3, PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, SO2) was collected and statistical analysis was performed. Kura (Kano State), a town in northern Nigeria, recorded the highest level of 184, while Idiroko, a border town (Nigeria-Benin Republic) in Ogun State, had the ...

ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education, 2022

The veracity of data derived from networks of low-cost measuring instruments is a rapidly increas... more The veracity of data derived from networks of low-cost measuring instruments is a rapidly increasing and contentious issue. For air quality monitoring, networks of low-cost devices, satellite modeling, and phone apps have risen to prominence. We used the eWeather HDF phone app to monitor the air quality (AQI, PM2.5, PM10, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, and meteorological parameters) of five Nigerian towns in this study. This app also can be used for education. The results show that the AQI of all towns is between 51 and 100. Except for Zaria, where the PM2.5 levels are about 16 percent higher, all of the locations' PM2.5 levels are within the World Health Organization (WHO) daily limit standard. Similarly, the PM10 level in the same town was nearly three times higher than the limit. NO2 (Akure Ilorin Ikere-Ekiti Zaria Ibadan), SO2 (Akure Ilorin Ikere-Ekiti Zaria Ibadan), CO (Zaria Akure Ilorin Ikere-Ekiti Zaria Ibadan), NO (Akure Ilorin Ikere-Ekiti Zaria Ibadan). Correlations with meteorolog...

Noise pollution is a menace worldwide, Akure, Nigeria is inclusive. The study was undertaken to e... more Noise pollution is a menace worldwide, Akure, Nigeria is inclusive. The study was undertaken to evaluate the noise levels in commercial, residential, stadium, church, hospital, library, mechanic workshop, livestock, and bank areas in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The sampling was carried out two times a day (10-11 am and 1-2 pm) for ten days using a sound level meter. The results (dBA) of the different locations in triplicate were:

Pollutants, 2021

Microplastics are discharged into the environment through human activities and are persistent in ... more Microplastics are discharged into the environment through human activities and are persistent in the environment. With the prevalent use of plastic-based personal protective equipment in the prevention of the spread of the COVID-19 virus, the concentration of microplastics in the environment is envisaged to increase. Potential ecological and health risks emanate from their potential to adsorb and transport toxic chemicals, and ease of absorption into the cells of living organisms and interfering with physiological processes. This review (1) discusses sources and pathways through which microplastics enter the environment, (2) evaluates the fate and behavior of microplastics, (3) discusses microplastics in African aquatic systems, and (4) identifies research gaps and recommends remediation strategies. Importantly, while there is significant microplastics pollution in the aquatic environment, pollution in terrestrial systems are not widely studied. Besides, there is a dearth of informa...

The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metal concentrations of seven mushroom species o... more The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metal concentrations of seven mushroom species obtained in Akure, a town in Southwest of Nigeria. The samples were preprocessed, ashed, dissolved in distilled water with drops of HCl, filtered and the resultant solution was used in the analysis. The values obtained for Manganese was the most prominent (2.66 – 4.57mg/100g) while lead was the least (0.60 – 1.68mg/100g). Cadmium was not detected in all the species. Generally, from the results obtained there were no significant differences in the accumulation of individual elements by mushrooms. Comparing the values here with the recommended dietary allowances (RDA), therefore the levels of these elements are not toxic to consumers.

Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON, 2021

Air pollution is a major concern throughout the universe due to the effects on living and non-liv... more Air pollution is a major concern throughout the universe due to the effects on living and non-living things. Before an area is said to be polluted, there is the need to carry out a bottom-up or top-down assessment of the environment. Mosses have been widely employed as cheap bioindicators of atmospheric pollution. It reduces the time-frame spent in monitoring and the results are reliable. Several types of research have been undertaken on the spatial and temporal trends in air pollution using mosses. This paper explained what moss is, discussed the cost of biomonitoring using a moss, mapping, and researches undertaken on mosses as bioindicators.

Rainwater is a source of water for bathing, washing, drinking purposes. The uses could be reduced... more Rainwater is a source of water for bathing, washing, drinking purposes. The uses could be reduced due to its bad condition or state. Air pollution could cause the quality of water to deteriorate, which may be as a result of natural and anthropogenic activities. This paper is the outcome of a 12-month study (June 2018-July, 2019) of rainwater samples collected at Owode, a suburban town located in Ondo State, Nigeria. Physico-chemical properties of the rainwater samples were determined using standard methods of analyses. The results obtained in triplicates were subjected to statistical analysis. The mean results obtained were:

The book titled "Counselling for Functional and Sustainable Education: A 21<sup>st<... more The book titled "Counselling for Functional and Sustainable Education: A 21<sup>st</sup> Century Approach" is a maiden edition of Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst) intended for student, neophyte and professional counsellors, care givers, researchers and all that need help in educational, vocational and personal-social matters. Education is an informal and formal teaching and learning process aimed at improving knowledge and the development of skills from elementary to higher education. Counselling is a significant means of functionalising and sustaining education through its array of qualitative services meant to make education goals meaningful and achievable to its recipient. The main objective of the book which is a blend of chapters on reviewed and empirical studies is to equip individuals with relevant data for subsequent researches, satisfy their personal quest for knowledge and meet their needs. The book contains a total of ten chapter...

The book aims towards providing the basic and fundamental information to the researchers and scie... more The book aims towards providing the basic and fundamental information to the researchers and scientists worldwide on the vast herbal and natural medicinal treasure available to us derived from plants, herbs and fruits obtained from traditional agricultural practices. This book is dedicated to the professionals of Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry Sciences and has been composed exclusively for providing first-hand knowledge on the related issues for the development of science and education.

The TAD, heavy metals, and source identification of samples obtained in Owode, Ondo State, Nigeri... more The TAD, heavy metals, and source identification of samples obtained in Owode, Ondo State, Nigeria were determined in this study. TAD was collected once every month. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cu) were determined using XRF instrumentation. The results obtained showed that the TAD was within the range of 100.40 and 285.30 g m-3 day-1 with a mean value of 177.73 at 95% confidence intervals. From the study, it was observed that the range of elemental composition was as follows:

Aerosol Science and Engineering, 2021

Air quality is a big concern all over the world. It affects both humans and animals in a variety ... more Air quality is a big concern all over the world. It affects both humans and animals in a variety of ways. Air must be quanti ed to monitor the impact, and the consistency of the air must be determined. Both stakeholders will use the knowledge collected to take effective action. To that end, we've taken measures in Nigeria to measure PM 2.5 , elements, and meteorological parameters, as well as assess their enrichment, contamination, and emission levels. For a total of ten months, samples were collected at three locations in Ondo State, Nigeria: the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Oba Ile, and Museum (January to October). The pollution factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI), as well as Principal Component Analysis, were used to measure the PM and components (PCA). The average PM concentrations (101 g m 3 (FUTA); 120 g m 3 (Oba Ile); and 176 g m 3 (Museum) were found to be higher than the WHO (35 g m 3) and USEPA (15 g m 3) normal limits. The macro elements (K > Na > Ca > P > Al) were ordered in this order, while the trace elements were ordered in this order: Cu > Fe, > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn > Pb. PCA listed elements from vehicular activities, biomass burning, dust, and soil as contributing elements. The ndings are useful for identifying sources of PM 2.5 , primary, and trace elements, enrichment, contamination assessment, and air pollution index, as well as contributing to regional monitoring programs.

ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education

Noise pollution is an environmental problem due to its effect on hearing and other related health... more Noise pollution is an environmental problem due to its effect on hearing and other related health issues. The elevated noise levels above standard limits cause hearing loss and other attendant problems. In Nigeria, viewing centers where football matches are watched via satellite are known as ‘Mini Stadium’. In this study, the noise pollution of a viewing center was assessed. To do this, five top teams each from the English Premier League (EPL), La Liga, Bundesliga, League 1, and Serie A were selected for the assessment. A sound level meter (GB: 2266204, made in China) was used for the monitoring. The range of noise levels in dBA showed as follow: EPL (56-108); La Liga (46-106); Bundesliga (54-102); Serie A (49-101); and Ligue 1 (54-101). The results when compared with the standard limits, it was observed that part of the results exceeded the limits, this means that the viewers and others within the viewing center may be prone to the hearing problem. It is recommend...

Biochemical compositions of black carpenter ants (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) were analyzed using ... more Biochemical compositions of black carpenter ants (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) were analyzed using standard methods. The proximate composition (%) were as follows: crude protein (22.50), crude fibre (1.46), carbohydrate by difference (30.86) and energy (35.4Kcal). The predominant mineral was potassium and nickel was the least. The antinutritional properties (mgkg-1) ranged as follows: Oxalate (1.35), phytate (62.79), and tannins (0.72). The results suggested that the ant may be a good source of nutrition.

Air pollution has created a lot of problems in the developed and developing countries. To avoid o... more Air pollution has created a lot of problems in the developed and developing countries. To avoid or reduce these problems, constant monitoring of the air should be ensured. The conventional techniques is costly because it requires a lot of money and time consuming. Biomonitoring has been the alternative method. Moss, lichens and plants are biomonitors available to entrap air pollutants. The aim of this paper is to discuss one of the ways of monitoring air pollution – Moss bag technique. To do this, types, choice, preparation, handling of bags after preparation of moss were discussed. From the literatures consulted, it was discovered that there were differences in the techniques used by the researchers. In all, the use of mosses with emphasis on the employment of moss bag have proved to be a powerful tool in airborne particulate and toxic elements. To conclude, developing countries should focus more on this technique because it will reduce cost of air monitoring.

Air quality has been a major concern throughout the world, Nigeria inclusive. The monitoring of a... more Air quality has been a major concern throughout the world, Nigeria inclusive. The monitoring of air quality involves indoor and outdoor air quality. In this study, our concern was on indoor air quality. The aim of this study was to assess the air quality of residential homes (17), classrooms (3), hospitals (2), offices (5), Shops (2), and laboratories (5) in Akure, Nigeria in terms of formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compound (TVOC), Particulate matter (PM1.0; PM2.5, and PM10). A Multifunction Air Detector was used for the assessment using the manufacturers’ procedures and the locations were identified using a Mini GPS. The results revealed as follows: HCHO (0.001-0.030 mg/m3), TVOC (0.003-362 mg/m3), PM1.0 (004-014 µg/m3), PM2.5 (006-020 µg/m3), and PM10 (006-022 µg/m3). The results obtained were below the 24 h pollution recommended standards (0.1 mg/m3- HCHO; TVOC; 10-20 μ/m3 PM) of EPA and WHO. Statistically, there were correlations within th...