shanmukha varalakshmi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by shanmukha varalakshmi

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2019

Introduction: Stature estimation has an important role in forensic medicine, anthropology, and sh... more Introduction: Stature estimation has an important role in forensic medicine, anthropology, and shoe wear industry. Personal identification using individual body parts forms the basis for this study. Koya and Konda Reddy tribal children are considered for this study because of their endogamous origin. The primitive nature of their origin is well preserved due to the lack of exposure to the developing world. They can be true representatives of people of that region. Height estimation using foot parameters is an essential parameter for personal identification. Material and Methods: A study on foot parameters was conducted on 360 Koya and Konda Reddy tribal children of Andhra Pradesh. Standing height was measured from vertex to the heel with the head held in Frankfurt's plane. Foot length (FL) and breadth were measured using an osteometric board. Foot index was calculated. Results: Mean height was noted as 129 cm in male and 124 cm in female children. Paired differences of FL and fo...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Stress is a normal psychological, physiological, and behavioral response of any indiv... more Background: Stress is a normal psychological, physiological, and behavioral response of any individual. It is the struggle of an individual to cope up with the situation doing more than one’s ability. It can lead to ill health over a period of time, if ignored. Personality refers to one’s behavior toward the environment and oneself. Stress can regulate personality of an individual. It may create great impact on their educational and emotional behavior in student’s life. It is essential to identify and counsel the students undergoing excessive stress and having negative personality. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate perceived stress and correlate it with personality traits in undergraduate students. (i) To evaluate perceived stress in undergraduate students using Perceived Stress Scale (ii) To evaluate personality traits using Eysenck Personality Inventory Scale (iii) To classify students having different personality traits (iv) To correlate perceived stress l...

MedPulse International Journal of Anatomy, 2017

Background: Genu varum-valgum can be determined by measuring tibiofemoral angle (TFA), intercondy... more Background: Genu varum-valgum can be determined by measuring tibiofemoral angle (TFA), intercondylar distance (ICD) and intermalleolar distance (IMD). Current study establishes the reference values of TFA (degrees) in normal healthy tribal population of Ranchi district. Previous studies have noted the regional differences in TFA. Despite its clinical importance and social relevance, literature is scanty in Indian population especially in northern Indian tribal children. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study is performed to assess the knee angle. 360 tribal children aged between 2-14 years were recruited in this study. TFA of children was measured using clinical methods with the help of universal goniometer. Anthropometric variables like height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were noted for all subjects to establish their relationship with TFA. Results: Mean TFA was 4.84°±2.39° (Min=-0.75°, Max 12°) with range (4.59° to 5.08°). The knee angle at the age of 2 years was 1.21° mean valgus with range 0.82° to 1.59°, min-0.75° and max 2.25°, thereafter a progressive increase, with peak mean valgus of 6.63° ranging 5.91° to 7.34° at 7-8 years of age was noted. Later, there was notable decrease in TFA, which ultimately stabilized to a mean value of around 5°. Maximum mean valgus was 12° at 7-8 years of age group. Conclusion: This study provides age wise baseline data and range of physiological TFA. This data of 2 to <14 years age group tribal children of JH is helpful to the orthopaedic surgeons, physicians, paediatricians, radiologists, and physiotherapists for reconstruction and management of genu varus and valgus deformities.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016

Background: The anatomy of human foot owes its adaptation to bipedal locomotion. Support and prop... more Background: The anatomy of human foot owes its adaptation to bipedal locomotion. Support and propulsion are the two main activities of foot which are possible due to segmental nature of foot. Bony architecture contributes to the arches of foot. Continuous stress put on the foot during childhood is expected to have changes in developing bone morphology. Pes planus and pes cavus are the two major foot deformities involving medial longitudinal arch. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pes planus and pes cavus among tribal children of Andhra Pradesh state in India. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 360 healthy tribal children, between the age group of 3-15 years, was randomly selected from Andhra Pradesh State. Anthropometric variables such as standing height and weight, foot length and width were measured. Height was measured using measuring tape and weight using weighing scale. Foot length and foot width were measured using osteometric board. BMI was calculated using the formula BMI= (weight (kg)*10000)/(height(cm)) 2. Static foot prints of both feet were taken on graph sheets in both weight bearing and non weight bearing conditions. Arch index proposed by Cavanagh and Rodgers was followed to measure Medial longitudinal arch (MLA). MLA was classified AI≤0.21 as pes cavus, AI=0.21-0.26 as normal foot and AI≥0.26 pes cavus. Results: Incidence of pes cavus was found to be higher than pes planus. Overall prevalence of pes planus was 26.4% & 25.6% while pes cavus was 58.9% & 66.7% for right and left foot respectively. Pes planus at 3-4 year age group was 60% and 63.3% which decreased to 16.7% and 30% at 14-15 year age group for right and left foot respectively. Pes cavus at 3-4 year age group was 33.3% and 33.3% while at 14-15 year age group was 76.7% and 66.7% for right and left foot respectively. Conclusion: Pes cavus was found to be high among 3-15 year children. Age and gender were associated with foot arch structure. External factors like ethnic variations, hilly areas, bare foot walking; climbing trees might have a great role in influencing foot arch structure. Alteration from normal foot structure may influence the gait and lead to different injury patterns.

Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both the testes have not descended or are not retra... more Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both the testes have not descended or are not retractable down the scrotal sac. It may be unilateral or bilateral. It is categorized as true undescended testes in which testes are present in the normal route of descent and ectopic testes in which testes may lie outside its normal path of descent at abnormal site. Common complications of Cryptorchidism are testicular cancer, sub fertility, testicular torsion and inguinal hernia. In a male cadaver, both testes were found between the superficial inguinal ring and the scrotum. On dissection the scrotal ligament was observed to be attached to the pubic crest. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (GFN) enters the inguinal canal through deep inguinal ring and supplies cremaster and the skin of the scrotum in males, but in this case it does not supply to scrotum.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Facial anthropometry is the scientific study of measurements and proportions of the h... more Background: Facial anthropometry is the scientific study of measurements and proportions of the human face. There is huge paucity in the metric measurements of face in Indian population. This study is involved in collecting facial anthropometric data of Western Uttar Pradesh population of age group between 18-25 years. Aims and Objectives: This study aims at evaluating predominant facial phenotype, using facial height and facial width of Western Uttar Pradesh population as study subjects. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 medical and paramedical students of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMS-IMS), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. The study subjects were of 18-25 year's age, belonging to Western Uttar Pradesh region. Digital Vernier Caliper was used to measure the facial parameters. The data was analyzed using statistical tool SPSS 16.0 version. Results: In the present study it is found that facial height and width are more in males compared to females. This difference is statistically significant. On analyzing facial index, hyperleptoprosopic face is the predominant phenotype in males as well as in females, followed by leptoprosopic type in males and mesoprosopic type in females. However, gender differences in facial index are not statistically significant at p<0.05. Conclusion: The current study reveals that facial parameters can be used to determine the gender of an individual on the basis of height and width.

International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Feb 5, 2019

Pes planus and pes cavus are the two common foot conditions, which fascinate the attention of res... more Pes planus and pes cavus are the two common foot conditions, which fascinate the attention of researchers. A deviation from normal foot arch structure is associated with unstable gait. This study aims at assessing the staheli arch index (SAI) of Jharkhand tribal children. This study was carried out on children belonging to various tribal groups of Ranchi and Angara districts of Jharkhand. Graphical footprints of the study subjects were recorded and assessed using SPSS-16. The mean right SAI was 0.63 and 0.61 for right and left foot respectively. The mean right SAI was significantly greater than that of left foot. Gender differences in mean SAI was statistically insignificant at p<0.05. The mean SAI of 0.75 and 0.76 at the age of 3:<4 years was reduced to 0.64 and 0.61 by 14:<15 years age for right and left foot respectively. There was insignificant correlation of SAI with age and body mass index (p < 0.05).

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2019

Introduction: Stature estimation has an important role in forensic medicine, anthropology, and sh... more Introduction: Stature estimation has an important role in forensic medicine, anthropology, and shoe wear industry. Personal identification using individual body parts forms the basis for this study. Koya and Konda Reddy tribal children are considered for this study because of their endogamous origin. The primitive nature of their origin is well preserved due to the lack of exposure to the developing world. They can be true representatives of people of that region. Height estimation using foot parameters is an essential parameter for personal identification. Material and Methods: A study on foot parameters was conducted on 360 Koya and Konda Reddy tribal children of Andhra Pradesh. Standing height was measured from vertex to the heel with the head held in Frankfurt's plane. Foot length (FL) and breadth were measured using an osteometric board. Foot index was calculated. Results: Mean height was noted as 129 cm in male and 124 cm in female children. Paired differences of FL and fo...

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Stress is a normal psychological, physiological, and behavioral response of any indiv... more Background: Stress is a normal psychological, physiological, and behavioral response of any individual. It is the struggle of an individual to cope up with the situation doing more than one’s ability. It can lead to ill health over a period of time, if ignored. Personality refers to one’s behavior toward the environment and oneself. Stress can regulate personality of an individual. It may create great impact on their educational and emotional behavior in student’s life. It is essential to identify and counsel the students undergoing excessive stress and having negative personality. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate perceived stress and correlate it with personality traits in undergraduate students. (i) To evaluate perceived stress in undergraduate students using Perceived Stress Scale (ii) To evaluate personality traits using Eysenck Personality Inventory Scale (iii) To classify students having different personality traits (iv) To correlate perceived stress l...

MedPulse International Journal of Anatomy, 2017

Background: Genu varum-valgum can be determined by measuring tibiofemoral angle (TFA), intercondy... more Background: Genu varum-valgum can be determined by measuring tibiofemoral angle (TFA), intercondylar distance (ICD) and intermalleolar distance (IMD). Current study establishes the reference values of TFA (degrees) in normal healthy tribal population of Ranchi district. Previous studies have noted the regional differences in TFA. Despite its clinical importance and social relevance, literature is scanty in Indian population especially in northern Indian tribal children. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study is performed to assess the knee angle. 360 tribal children aged between 2-14 years were recruited in this study. TFA of children was measured using clinical methods with the help of universal goniometer. Anthropometric variables like height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were noted for all subjects to establish their relationship with TFA. Results: Mean TFA was 4.84°±2.39° (Min=-0.75°, Max 12°) with range (4.59° to 5.08°). The knee angle at the age of 2 years was 1.21° mean valgus with range 0.82° to 1.59°, min-0.75° and max 2.25°, thereafter a progressive increase, with peak mean valgus of 6.63° ranging 5.91° to 7.34° at 7-8 years of age was noted. Later, there was notable decrease in TFA, which ultimately stabilized to a mean value of around 5°. Maximum mean valgus was 12° at 7-8 years of age group. Conclusion: This study provides age wise baseline data and range of physiological TFA. This data of 2 to <14 years age group tribal children of JH is helpful to the orthopaedic surgeons, physicians, paediatricians, radiologists, and physiotherapists for reconstruction and management of genu varus and valgus deformities.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016

Background: The anatomy of human foot owes its adaptation to bipedal locomotion. Support and prop... more Background: The anatomy of human foot owes its adaptation to bipedal locomotion. Support and propulsion are the two main activities of foot which are possible due to segmental nature of foot. Bony architecture contributes to the arches of foot. Continuous stress put on the foot during childhood is expected to have changes in developing bone morphology. Pes planus and pes cavus are the two major foot deformities involving medial longitudinal arch. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pes planus and pes cavus among tribal children of Andhra Pradesh state in India. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 360 healthy tribal children, between the age group of 3-15 years, was randomly selected from Andhra Pradesh State. Anthropometric variables such as standing height and weight, foot length and width were measured. Height was measured using measuring tape and weight using weighing scale. Foot length and foot width were measured using osteometric board. BMI was calculated using the formula BMI= (weight (kg)*10000)/(height(cm)) 2. Static foot prints of both feet were taken on graph sheets in both weight bearing and non weight bearing conditions. Arch index proposed by Cavanagh and Rodgers was followed to measure Medial longitudinal arch (MLA). MLA was classified AI≤0.21 as pes cavus, AI=0.21-0.26 as normal foot and AI≥0.26 pes cavus. Results: Incidence of pes cavus was found to be higher than pes planus. Overall prevalence of pes planus was 26.4% & 25.6% while pes cavus was 58.9% & 66.7% for right and left foot respectively. Pes planus at 3-4 year age group was 60% and 63.3% which decreased to 16.7% and 30% at 14-15 year age group for right and left foot respectively. Pes cavus at 3-4 year age group was 33.3% and 33.3% while at 14-15 year age group was 76.7% and 66.7% for right and left foot respectively. Conclusion: Pes cavus was found to be high among 3-15 year children. Age and gender were associated with foot arch structure. External factors like ethnic variations, hilly areas, bare foot walking; climbing trees might have a great role in influencing foot arch structure. Alteration from normal foot structure may influence the gait and lead to different injury patterns.

Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both the testes have not descended or are not retra... more Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both the testes have not descended or are not retractable down the scrotal sac. It may be unilateral or bilateral. It is categorized as true undescended testes in which testes are present in the normal route of descent and ectopic testes in which testes may lie outside its normal path of descent at abnormal site. Common complications of Cryptorchidism are testicular cancer, sub fertility, testicular torsion and inguinal hernia. In a male cadaver, both testes were found between the superficial inguinal ring and the scrotum. On dissection the scrotal ligament was observed to be attached to the pubic crest. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (GFN) enters the inguinal canal through deep inguinal ring and supplies cremaster and the skin of the scrotum in males, but in this case it does not supply to scrotum.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Facial anthropometry is the scientific study of measurements and proportions of the h... more Background: Facial anthropometry is the scientific study of measurements and proportions of the human face. There is huge paucity in the metric measurements of face in Indian population. This study is involved in collecting facial anthropometric data of Western Uttar Pradesh population of age group between 18-25 years. Aims and Objectives: This study aims at evaluating predominant facial phenotype, using facial height and facial width of Western Uttar Pradesh population as study subjects. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 medical and paramedical students of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMS-IMS), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. The study subjects were of 18-25 year's age, belonging to Western Uttar Pradesh region. Digital Vernier Caliper was used to measure the facial parameters. The data was analyzed using statistical tool SPSS 16.0 version. Results: In the present study it is found that facial height and width are more in males compared to females. This difference is statistically significant. On analyzing facial index, hyperleptoprosopic face is the predominant phenotype in males as well as in females, followed by leptoprosopic type in males and mesoprosopic type in females. However, gender differences in facial index are not statistically significant at p<0.05. Conclusion: The current study reveals that facial parameters can be used to determine the gender of an individual on the basis of height and width.

International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Feb 5, 2019

Pes planus and pes cavus are the two common foot conditions, which fascinate the attention of res... more Pes planus and pes cavus are the two common foot conditions, which fascinate the attention of researchers. A deviation from normal foot arch structure is associated with unstable gait. This study aims at assessing the staheli arch index (SAI) of Jharkhand tribal children. This study was carried out on children belonging to various tribal groups of Ranchi and Angara districts of Jharkhand. Graphical footprints of the study subjects were recorded and assessed using SPSS-16. The mean right SAI was 0.63 and 0.61 for right and left foot respectively. The mean right SAI was significantly greater than that of left foot. Gender differences in mean SAI was statistically insignificant at p<0.05. The mean SAI of 0.75 and 0.76 at the age of 3:<4 years was reduced to 0.64 and 0.61 by 14:<15 years age for right and left foot respectively. There was insignificant correlation of SAI with age and body mass index (p < 0.05).