michael snowden - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by michael snowden
Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks, May 30, 2022
In the final chapter of this edited book, the authors provide a summary of the key messages of ci... more In the final chapter of this edited book, the authors provide a summary of the key messages of civil society in a globalized world. To do this, the authors firstly discuss the future direction of civil society, and then examine the enhancement of social movements in contemporary society. In the final part of this chapter, the authors provide some observations regarding the recent global health crisis (COVID-19) and why civil society is vitally important in a globalized world. Global civil society, drawing upon the classic illustrations of Edwards ( ) and Keane (2003), can be described as a collective delineated societal space that sits between government, market and the family unit that hosts similar interests, values and goals. However, it is not, as traditionally presented within the literature, solely the domain of western cultures. Examples of these groups, as illustrated by the World Economic Forum, include: "NGOs, non-profit organizations and civil society organizations (CSOs) that have an organized structure or activity, and are typically registered entities and groups. Online groups and activities including social media communities that can be "organized" but do not necessarily have physical, legal or financial structures Social movements of collective action and/or identity, which can be online or physical. Religious leaders, faith communities, and faith-based organizations. Labour unions and labour organizations representing workers Social entrepreneurs employing innovative and/or market oriented approaches for social and environmental outcomes Grassroots associations and activities at local level. Cooperatives owned and democratically controlled by their Members." (2013, p. 8) Globally, civil society organisations such as Amnesty International, Greenpeace, Unicef, and the World Wildlife Fund have become increasingly involved in global affairs and played a role in law and policy making, agenda setting and diplomacy in tackling global social, political and environmental issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immeasurable and catastrophic effect on global society and groups; it has in one way or another affected every individual's life. The pandemic has presented global society with a distinct challenge in order to
Contestations in Global Civil Society
Social capital, according to Pierre Bourdieu, is "the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, th... more Social capital, according to Pierre Bourdieu, is "the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition" (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992, p. 119). Robert D. Putnam agrees, characterizing social capital as predominantly in the nature of a public good (1993). Ongoing global economic events have highlighted some of the weaknesses of free market capitalism. It is being suggested that social enterprises with their efforts to blend societal objectives and economic efficiency can play a role of catalysts in accomplishing this equilibrium. Given their positioning towards meeting dual goals rather than merely maximizing profit, social enterprises can function in zones where there are insufficient inducements for private sector activity. Thereby social enterprises fill the hiatus between the state and market provision. The chapter aims to conceptualize the process of innovation and the potential influence of social capital on social enterprises. Value created by a social enterprise emphasizes the importance of sharing benefits among its stakeholders. This chapter examines the ways in which social enterprises co-create value for society and how social enterprises inherit, generate and invest in social capital.
Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility
Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks, May 30, 2022
Journal of Veterans Studies
The Disabled Veterans' Scholarship Fund (DVSF) was set up by the United Kingdom (UK) Open Univers... more The Disabled Veterans' Scholarship Fund (DVSF) was set up by the United Kingdom (UK) Open University (OU) to meet the needs of those who were injured in UK military service or medically discharged by providing 100 free places to study for a degree. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the experience of study and the benefits of the scholarship fund for veteran scholars, as well as identify what they needed to be successful in their studies. This study took a qualitative participatory research approach, which involved 24 semistructured telephone interviews with 14 veteran scholars over a period of 5 months, followed by a live online event to feedback the findings of the interviews and look to the future of study for the veterans. The two main benefits of the scholarship fund were that the OUs open entry system meant that a lack of formal qualifications was not a barrier to study, and through the DVSF, study was free. Although the university offered a range of supportive services there was a perceived misalignment between the support the veterans were used to during their military service and the support that was provided by the OU, which led to frustrations. Despite this finding there was a perception by the support service at the OU that the veterans were a hard-to-reach group, and recognition that a community of support was needed. Both issues were partly addressed through an online student hub live event. The support services at the OU worked alongside the evaluation project team to devise a bespoke programme that brought many of the veterans together for the first time. The DVSF has been successful in providing study to disabled veterans. The next step is to build a community of peer support for the veterans as they progress in their studies to meet their career goals.
Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Feb 10, 2021
Physiotherapy, 2019
any administrative, promotional, educational and/or teaching purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis,... more any administrative, promotional, educational and/or teaching purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis, either in full or in extracts, may be made only in accordance with the regulations of the University Library. Details of these regulations may be obtained from the Librarian. Details of these regulations may be obtained from the Librarian. This page must form part of any such copies made. A very special thank you to my family for being patient and stood by me during difficult times, particularly my parents, wife and daughter. Finally, a big thank you to my team of proof readers, who have been very patient, particularly, Alex, Div, Jenniex, Venkat and Vish.
Emerald Open Research
Levels of unemployment and environmental challenges make social entrepreneurship and social enter... more Levels of unemployment and environmental challenges make social entrepreneurship and social enterprise very important for the sustainability of society. Higher education has played a fundamental role in driving entrepreneurship and innovation in local, national, regional, and global contexts. The authors of this article explore the state of the legislative framework in Ghana, as well as social enterprise education, stakeholder engagement, models and challenges. The methodology applied for this paper is concept mapping, enabling the critical exploration of the relevance of social enterprise in the context of higher education, and demonstrating how it could practically serve as a panacea to rising youth unemployment. This research concludes by making a case for including social enterprise in the higher education curriculum.
Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility
Sustainability has become an ever-increasing issue in today's world. Countries across the world h... more Sustainability has become an ever-increasing issue in today's world. Countries across the world have had to re-focus on sustainability due to the new pressures of climate change. In recent decades, numerous different institutions have become the architectural framework for the promotion and implementation of sustainability in society, namely: governments, nongovernment organizations, universities, social enterprises, and the private sector. One of the key drivers of sustainability is social enterprise education. This driver has become vital in higher education, as it enables the learner to understand the complex processes of sustainability. This chapter critically explores the interlocking relationship of social enterprise and sustainability. The authors of this chapter present findings from their UKIERI research project entitled 'The Benefits of Modifying Social Enterprise within Higher Education's Social Sciences Curriculum.' Moreover, the authors argue that social enterprise can have a real influence in the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were set out by the United Nations in 2015.
Journal of Governance & Public Policy, Dec 31, 2020
Institute of Public Enterprise to provide a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas on Governa... more Institute of Public Enterprise to provide a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas on Governance (local to global) and Public Policy (including foreign policy and international relations) by policy makers, practitioners and academicians.
Self-Determined Learning (heautagogy) and the Flexible Curriculum.
Entrepreneurship Education
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, social enterprise has experienced a renaissance. In public policy... more Since the outbreak of COVID-19, social enterprise has experienced a renaissance. In public policy circles, entrepreneurship and innovation are perceived as economic development tools, and in many parts of the world, as catalysts for change that can have a real impact by increasing employment in communities as well as environmental challenges. At a local level, entrepreneurship and innovation enable communities to stay vibrant due to social enterprise organisations offering much-needed goods and services. Social enterprise has been acknowledged as a solution to social inequality and environmental issues in society as it develops new areas of empowerment in local communities. Central to the success of social enterprise is education, training, and the engagement of the higher education sector. Traditionally, entrepreneurship and innovation have fundamentally been entrenched within the business subject area, but have now emerged within other disciplines such as criminology, health and s...
Sustainability
The purpose of the study was to examine the mediation roles of student satisfaction and entrepren... more The purpose of the study was to examine the mediation roles of student satisfaction and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the nexus between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial self-competencies within a social enterprise context. The study used a cross-sectional survey design, with a sampled population of 185 business students from three universities (Accra Technical University, Cape Coast Technical University and the University of Ghana) in Ghana. A PLS-SEM approach was used to examine the relationships among the independent–dependent constructs in the study. Entrepreneurial education had positive and significant relationships to student satisfaction and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, but it showed an insignificant relationship to entrepreneurial self-competencies. Student satisfaction was also found to relate positively and significantly to entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial self-competencies. Furthermore, both student satisfaction and entrepreneurial self-...
Entrepreneurship Education
In countries across the world, the COVID-19 global health crisis is one of the biggest challenges... more In countries across the world, the COVID-19 global health crisis is one of the biggest challenges humanity has faced in recent times. There have been economic, social, political and cultural challenges in all parts of society. Drastic measures have had to be put in place, with many countries injecting extra investment into the health sector and generating support for people who cannot work due to the lockdown rules that have been implemented. The coronavirus pandemic has forced institutions to rethink how the government state functions. Various institutions, from charities and non-government organizations, to the public/private sectors, are the driving forces in tackling this pandemic. Social entrepreneurship is seen as a shining light to public policymakers in these new times, as social entrepreneurship is considered a greater innovator for solutions. The focus of this paper is to critically explore the importance of social entrepreneurial leadership in this new COVID-19 era. In th...
Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility
Difficulties persist in conceptualising spiritual needs and understanding their relationship to r... more Difficulties persist in conceptualising spiritual needs and understanding their relationship to religious needs and relevance to wellbeing. This review was undertaken to clarify some of these issues. It set out to establish what is already known about how issues of spiritual assessment and care are addressed in undergraduate nursing education. Using a systematic approach, a literature review covering the period 1993-2015 was undertaken. Reviewed materials were collected from mainly online sources including with searches conducted using CINHAL, SUMMON and PubMed databases, after defining keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study found that Spirituality appears to be a broad but useful category which is concerned with how people experience meaning and purpose in their lives. However, it also established that here are relatively few studies focused on how spiritual care competencies could be developed in nursing students. There is also little work exploring nursing educa...
The Pedagogy of the Social Sciences Curriculum, 2016
Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review, 2021
COVID-19 has overwhelmed and stretched existing healthcare infrastructure in both developed and d... more COVID-19 has overwhelmed and stretched existing healthcare infrastructure in both developed and developing economies and pushed governmental response mechanisms to the brink. Globally, governments elicited the call for corporate support, asking social entrepreneurs and social business ventures to organise efforts to build voluntary support for the large-scale response needed during the sudden lockdown disruptions. By April 2020, 26.5 million jobs were lost in the US alone (Lambert, 2020), global stocks plummeted at least 25% and gross domestic product (GDP) contracted significantly for all countries. With reduced domestic demand for non-food goods, reduced foreign demand for US goods exports, supply-chain disruptions, and plant closures, the manufacturing sector saw a huge decline (Reinicke, 2020). Governments all over the world announced massive stimulus packages. The US has approved $2 trillion financial support to combat the economic downturn so far (Emma & Scholtes, 2020) and EU...
this presentaion explores the place and purpose of the coaching and mentoring within UK Higher Ed... more this presentaion explores the place and purpose of the coaching and mentoring within UK Higher Education
Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks, May 30, 2022
In the final chapter of this edited book, the authors provide a summary of the key messages of ci... more In the final chapter of this edited book, the authors provide a summary of the key messages of civil society in a globalized world. To do this, the authors firstly discuss the future direction of civil society, and then examine the enhancement of social movements in contemporary society. In the final part of this chapter, the authors provide some observations regarding the recent global health crisis (COVID-19) and why civil society is vitally important in a globalized world. Global civil society, drawing upon the classic illustrations of Edwards ( ) and Keane (2003), can be described as a collective delineated societal space that sits between government, market and the family unit that hosts similar interests, values and goals. However, it is not, as traditionally presented within the literature, solely the domain of western cultures. Examples of these groups, as illustrated by the World Economic Forum, include: "NGOs, non-profit organizations and civil society organizations (CSOs) that have an organized structure or activity, and are typically registered entities and groups. Online groups and activities including social media communities that can be "organized" but do not necessarily have physical, legal or financial structures Social movements of collective action and/or identity, which can be online or physical. Religious leaders, faith communities, and faith-based organizations. Labour unions and labour organizations representing workers Social entrepreneurs employing innovative and/or market oriented approaches for social and environmental outcomes Grassroots associations and activities at local level. Cooperatives owned and democratically controlled by their Members." (2013, p. 8) Globally, civil society organisations such as Amnesty International, Greenpeace, Unicef, and the World Wildlife Fund have become increasingly involved in global affairs and played a role in law and policy making, agenda setting and diplomacy in tackling global social, political and environmental issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immeasurable and catastrophic effect on global society and groups; it has in one way or another affected every individual's life. The pandemic has presented global society with a distinct challenge in order to
Contestations in Global Civil Society
Social capital, according to Pierre Bourdieu, is "the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, th... more Social capital, according to Pierre Bourdieu, is "the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition" (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992, p. 119). Robert D. Putnam agrees, characterizing social capital as predominantly in the nature of a public good (1993). Ongoing global economic events have highlighted some of the weaknesses of free market capitalism. It is being suggested that social enterprises with their efforts to blend societal objectives and economic efficiency can play a role of catalysts in accomplishing this equilibrium. Given their positioning towards meeting dual goals rather than merely maximizing profit, social enterprises can function in zones where there are insufficient inducements for private sector activity. Thereby social enterprises fill the hiatus between the state and market provision. The chapter aims to conceptualize the process of innovation and the potential influence of social capital on social enterprises. Value created by a social enterprise emphasizes the importance of sharing benefits among its stakeholders. This chapter examines the ways in which social enterprises co-create value for society and how social enterprises inherit, generate and invest in social capital.
Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility
Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks, May 30, 2022
Journal of Veterans Studies
The Disabled Veterans' Scholarship Fund (DVSF) was set up by the United Kingdom (UK) Open Univers... more The Disabled Veterans' Scholarship Fund (DVSF) was set up by the United Kingdom (UK) Open University (OU) to meet the needs of those who were injured in UK military service or medically discharged by providing 100 free places to study for a degree. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the experience of study and the benefits of the scholarship fund for veteran scholars, as well as identify what they needed to be successful in their studies. This study took a qualitative participatory research approach, which involved 24 semistructured telephone interviews with 14 veteran scholars over a period of 5 months, followed by a live online event to feedback the findings of the interviews and look to the future of study for the veterans. The two main benefits of the scholarship fund were that the OUs open entry system meant that a lack of formal qualifications was not a barrier to study, and through the DVSF, study was free. Although the university offered a range of supportive services there was a perceived misalignment between the support the veterans were used to during their military service and the support that was provided by the OU, which led to frustrations. Despite this finding there was a perception by the support service at the OU that the veterans were a hard-to-reach group, and recognition that a community of support was needed. Both issues were partly addressed through an online student hub live event. The support services at the OU worked alongside the evaluation project team to devise a bespoke programme that brought many of the veterans together for the first time. The DVSF has been successful in providing study to disabled veterans. The next step is to build a community of peer support for the veterans as they progress in their studies to meet their career goals.
Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Feb 10, 2021
Physiotherapy, 2019
any administrative, promotional, educational and/or teaching purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis,... more any administrative, promotional, educational and/or teaching purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis, either in full or in extracts, may be made only in accordance with the regulations of the University Library. Details of these regulations may be obtained from the Librarian. Details of these regulations may be obtained from the Librarian. This page must form part of any such copies made. A very special thank you to my family for being patient and stood by me during difficult times, particularly my parents, wife and daughter. Finally, a big thank you to my team of proof readers, who have been very patient, particularly, Alex, Div, Jenniex, Venkat and Vish.
Emerald Open Research
Levels of unemployment and environmental challenges make social entrepreneurship and social enter... more Levels of unemployment and environmental challenges make social entrepreneurship and social enterprise very important for the sustainability of society. Higher education has played a fundamental role in driving entrepreneurship and innovation in local, national, regional, and global contexts. The authors of this article explore the state of the legislative framework in Ghana, as well as social enterprise education, stakeholder engagement, models and challenges. The methodology applied for this paper is concept mapping, enabling the critical exploration of the relevance of social enterprise in the context of higher education, and demonstrating how it could practically serve as a panacea to rising youth unemployment. This research concludes by making a case for including social enterprise in the higher education curriculum.
Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility
Sustainability has become an ever-increasing issue in today's world. Countries across the world h... more Sustainability has become an ever-increasing issue in today's world. Countries across the world have had to re-focus on sustainability due to the new pressures of climate change. In recent decades, numerous different institutions have become the architectural framework for the promotion and implementation of sustainability in society, namely: governments, nongovernment organizations, universities, social enterprises, and the private sector. One of the key drivers of sustainability is social enterprise education. This driver has become vital in higher education, as it enables the learner to understand the complex processes of sustainability. This chapter critically explores the interlocking relationship of social enterprise and sustainability. The authors of this chapter present findings from their UKIERI research project entitled 'The Benefits of Modifying Social Enterprise within Higher Education's Social Sciences Curriculum.' Moreover, the authors argue that social enterprise can have a real influence in the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were set out by the United Nations in 2015.
Journal of Governance & Public Policy, Dec 31, 2020
Institute of Public Enterprise to provide a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas on Governa... more Institute of Public Enterprise to provide a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas on Governance (local to global) and Public Policy (including foreign policy and international relations) by policy makers, practitioners and academicians.
Self-Determined Learning (heautagogy) and the Flexible Curriculum.
Entrepreneurship Education
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, social enterprise has experienced a renaissance. In public policy... more Since the outbreak of COVID-19, social enterprise has experienced a renaissance. In public policy circles, entrepreneurship and innovation are perceived as economic development tools, and in many parts of the world, as catalysts for change that can have a real impact by increasing employment in communities as well as environmental challenges. At a local level, entrepreneurship and innovation enable communities to stay vibrant due to social enterprise organisations offering much-needed goods and services. Social enterprise has been acknowledged as a solution to social inequality and environmental issues in society as it develops new areas of empowerment in local communities. Central to the success of social enterprise is education, training, and the engagement of the higher education sector. Traditionally, entrepreneurship and innovation have fundamentally been entrenched within the business subject area, but have now emerged within other disciplines such as criminology, health and s...
Sustainability
The purpose of the study was to examine the mediation roles of student satisfaction and entrepren... more The purpose of the study was to examine the mediation roles of student satisfaction and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the nexus between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial self-competencies within a social enterprise context. The study used a cross-sectional survey design, with a sampled population of 185 business students from three universities (Accra Technical University, Cape Coast Technical University and the University of Ghana) in Ghana. A PLS-SEM approach was used to examine the relationships among the independent–dependent constructs in the study. Entrepreneurial education had positive and significant relationships to student satisfaction and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, but it showed an insignificant relationship to entrepreneurial self-competencies. Student satisfaction was also found to relate positively and significantly to entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial self-competencies. Furthermore, both student satisfaction and entrepreneurial self-...
Entrepreneurship Education
In countries across the world, the COVID-19 global health crisis is one of the biggest challenges... more In countries across the world, the COVID-19 global health crisis is one of the biggest challenges humanity has faced in recent times. There have been economic, social, political and cultural challenges in all parts of society. Drastic measures have had to be put in place, with many countries injecting extra investment into the health sector and generating support for people who cannot work due to the lockdown rules that have been implemented. The coronavirus pandemic has forced institutions to rethink how the government state functions. Various institutions, from charities and non-government organizations, to the public/private sectors, are the driving forces in tackling this pandemic. Social entrepreneurship is seen as a shining light to public policymakers in these new times, as social entrepreneurship is considered a greater innovator for solutions. The focus of this paper is to critically explore the importance of social entrepreneurial leadership in this new COVID-19 era. In th...
Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility
Difficulties persist in conceptualising spiritual needs and understanding their relationship to r... more Difficulties persist in conceptualising spiritual needs and understanding their relationship to religious needs and relevance to wellbeing. This review was undertaken to clarify some of these issues. It set out to establish what is already known about how issues of spiritual assessment and care are addressed in undergraduate nursing education. Using a systematic approach, a literature review covering the period 1993-2015 was undertaken. Reviewed materials were collected from mainly online sources including with searches conducted using CINHAL, SUMMON and PubMed databases, after defining keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study found that Spirituality appears to be a broad but useful category which is concerned with how people experience meaning and purpose in their lives. However, it also established that here are relatively few studies focused on how spiritual care competencies could be developed in nursing students. There is also little work exploring nursing educa...
The Pedagogy of the Social Sciences Curriculum, 2016
Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review, 2021
COVID-19 has overwhelmed and stretched existing healthcare infrastructure in both developed and d... more COVID-19 has overwhelmed and stretched existing healthcare infrastructure in both developed and developing economies and pushed governmental response mechanisms to the brink. Globally, governments elicited the call for corporate support, asking social entrepreneurs and social business ventures to organise efforts to build voluntary support for the large-scale response needed during the sudden lockdown disruptions. By April 2020, 26.5 million jobs were lost in the US alone (Lambert, 2020), global stocks plummeted at least 25% and gross domestic product (GDP) contracted significantly for all countries. With reduced domestic demand for non-food goods, reduced foreign demand for US goods exports, supply-chain disruptions, and plant closures, the manufacturing sector saw a huge decline (Reinicke, 2020). Governments all over the world announced massive stimulus packages. The US has approved $2 trillion financial support to combat the economic downturn so far (Emma & Scholtes, 2020) and EU...
this presentaion explores the place and purpose of the coaching and mentoring within UK Higher Ed... more this presentaion explores the place and purpose of the coaching and mentoring within UK Higher Education