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Papers by tripti shukla

Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery, 2019

Polymers are macromolecules that are formed by coordination of covalent bond among the same or di... more Polymers are macromolecules that are formed by coordination of covalent bond among the same or different structural units. They are used in a variety of areas including drug delivery development to general applications; current applications extend from coatings, adhesives, foams, and packaging materials to industrial fibers and textiles, electronic devices, composites, biomedical devices, optical devices, and novel approaches in drug delivery aspects. This chapter highlights the basics of polymer chemistry, synthesis, their characterization and application in different fields. We have started with the introduction of basic concepts on polymer chains and inter- and intramolecular interactions. We also give emphasis on tailored polymers and their application in pharmaceutical product development.

Nanoarchitectonics in Biomedicine, 2019

Abstract Pharmaceutical and medicine systems over the past two decades have experienced tremendou... more Abstract Pharmaceutical and medicine systems over the past two decades have experienced tremendous change and advancement in the transition from conventional to novel drug delivery systems. Cost effectiveness, bioavailability issues, and toxicological effects related to certain drugs have drawn the attention of scientists to develop a site-specific delivery system to target a few specific tissues, especially in the case of cytotoxic drugs. But presently,either we are providing the symptomatic relief in majority of cases or the toxic effects are so much prevalent. Genetic diseases are also largely untreatable and only symptomatic relief can be provided. The treatment of diseases at root level, especially those associated with genetics as the result of mutation or deletion of genes which lead to the impairment of normal metabolic pathways, have directed the current medicine system toward a new era, that is, gene therapy. The present techniques for gene therapy, that is, the use of a gene gun and viral vectors, have certain limitations which can be minimized by using a polymeric system to deliver the gene. The basic aim of this chapter is to discuss the various concepts and systems of targeting and site-specific delivery, which has come into existence in the past few decades with a special focus on gene therapy. We have addressed the different types of carriers and their physiochemical and biological characteristics which are needed to develop site-specific drug delivery or for targeting. Furthermore, some formulations intended to lead the targeting or site-specific delivery which are either in the phase of clinical investigation or have been approved for clinical use are also addressed. A special concern has been given to the various carriers and their mechanisms, including viral and nonviral vectors with a special mention of polymeric systems used to deliver the gene at a specific site.

Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy, 2019

Abstract Conventional drug therapies suffer from several limitations most prominently the pharmac... more Abstract Conventional drug therapies suffer from several limitations most prominently the pharmacokinetic alterations in biological systems, which result in decreased bioavailability at the desired location within the body. Furthermore, the undesired distribution, biotransformation, and elimination cause serious toxicities and submaximal therapeutic efficacy. The notion for targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) thus emerged to limit these consequences and exaggerate the therapeutic value of the medicine by enhancing the concentration of drug in the desired tissue and simultaneous restriction to achieve lower concentration in the remaining body tissues. This improves efficacy of the drug while reducing side effects. The goal of TDDS is to deliver the drug molecule specifically to the desired site. In today’s era the advancements in the technologies have paved the way for searching the complex mechanisms within the cell and different organs to facilitate drug targeting. This chapter shall discuss about the complex cellular environments, biochemical signaling pathways, and regulatory biomechanisms that govern the movement of drug molecules and it shall also discuss the carriers or vehicles that carry the drug to specific locations within the body and physically modulate components. For better understanding of the reader, biophysical, physiochemical, stoichiometric, and pharmacological parameters affecting the stay and fate of drug molecules at delivery site shall also be discussed. Furthermore, the chapter shall also convey information about the research updates in this field of study and the advancements in the approaches that have developed from the beginning of the era of targeted drug delivery as well as future opportunities.

Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery, 2019

Abstract Controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS) have emerged as a very powerful tool in the last... more Abstract Controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS) have emerged as a very powerful tool in the last few decades to overcome the problems associated with conventional dosage forms such as frequent dosing, poor bioavailability, poor patient compliance, etc. On the other hand, investigations show that the polymer has become an integral part of the modern pharmaceutical sector but still there is a tremendous need for newer polymer development, which could have better control on the release of the drug and may effectively be used for the targeting of bioactives; in short, it should have a smarter behavior. It is assumed that the development of newer polymer in the 21st century will open up, leading to new dimensions in the development of CDDS and targeted drug delivery systems. This chapter will consist of a basic briefing on various types of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers including those of natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic origin, along with a focus on the various uses of polymers with special reference to the development of controlled drug delivery systems of various types and development of polymer conjugate systems for controlled release of various bioactives. The chapter also deals with the impact of polymers on release behavior of the drug from the polymeric matrix and its degradation pattern and fate in the human body.

Current Traditional Medicine, 2020

The medicinal plants have enormous commercial potential throughout the globe. In the herbal boom ... more The medicinal plants have enormous commercial potential throughout the globe. In the herbal boom worldwide, it is estimated that high quality phyto-medicinals will provide safe and effective medication. In India, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani etc. consist of large number of herbal remedies, being used from ancient times. Many plant species containing active constituents that have a direct pharmacological action on the body. This plant Sage (Salvia officinalis Linn) is historically well known from the early 1960s till now by its therapeutic and culinary applications due to its high economic value. The plant is reported to contain alkaloids, triterpenoid, steroids, Phenolic compounds and essential oils. Sage plant is a rich source of antioxidant properties, for this reason sage has found increasing application in food industry. The core purpose of this review is to emphasize the origin, morphology, Phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Sage (Salvia officinalis Linn).

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019

The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of transdermalpatches of meloxicam to... more The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of transdermalpatches of meloxicam towards enhance its permeation through the skin and maintain the plasma levelconcentration. Transdermal patches were prepared by using polymers like Chitosan, HPMC 15cps and EC 20cpsat various concentrations by solvent casting technique employing dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer and isopropylmyristate as permeation enhancer. The transdermal patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties and in-vitro drug release. The transdermal patches were found to be transparent and smooth in texture. Amongthe formulations studied, at the end of 12th hour, the minimum and maximum in-vitro drug release was observedfor the formulations F12 and F4i.e. 80.012 ± 2.012 % and 98.365±3.012%. The mechanism of drugrelease was found to be Non-Fickian diffusion controlled. FT-IR studies revealed theintegrity of the drug in theformulations. Keywords: Transdermal Patches, Meloxicam, Chitosan, HPMC 15cps...

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019

Flupirtine is a non-opioid analgesic without antipyretic or antiphlogistic properties. Flupirtine... more Flupirtine is a non-opioid analgesic without antipyretic or antiphlogistic properties. Flupirtine is a centrally acting analgesic but the analgesic action of flupirtine does not depend on any central opioid effect. The fact behind this statement is that the pain-relieving property of flupirtine is not reduced by the opioid antagonistic drug naloxone. Flupirtine has been reported for its neuro-protective properties and possess a selective neuronal potassium channel opener that also has NMDA receptor antagonist properties. Flupertine is transformed into two primary derivatives, 4-fluoro-hippuric acid and the Nacetylated analogue D13223. Both derivatives of are flupirtine pharmacologically active with 30% of the analgesic potency of the parent drug and further oxidized and then conjugated with glycine to form inactive metabolites, Recently, Flupirtine maleate has been introduced in Indian market in oral, intravenous and rectal dosage forms. The half life of flupirtine following intra...

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2018

Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable t... more Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various...

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensive... more Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensively used by the scientists for effective drug delivery across the skin. It is a spontaneous isotropic mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances stabilized by suitable surfactant and co-surfactant. The easy fabrication, long-term stability, enhanced solubilization, biocompatibility, skin-friendly appearance and affinity for both the hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substances make it superior for skin drug delivery over the other carrier systems. The topical administration of most of the active compounds is impaired by limited skin permeability due to the presence of skin barriers. In this sequence, the microemulsion represents a cost-effective and convenient drug carrier system which successfully delivers the drug to and across the skin. In the present review work, we compiled various attempts made in last 20 years, utilizing the microemulsion for dermal and transdermal delivery of various drugs. The review emphasizes the potency of microemulsion for topical and transdermal drug delivery and its effect on drug permeability.

Pharmaceutical Methods, 2014

Increasing the aqueous solubility of insoluble drugs is of major importance for the estimation by... more Increasing the aqueous solubility of insoluble drugs is of major importance for the estimation by spectrophotometric technique. Various techniques have been employed to enhance the aqueous solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. Hydrotropic solubilization is one of them. In the present study, sodium benzoate was chosen as hydrotrope to enhance the solubility of Lornoxicam for its spectrophotometric estimation in their marketed formulation. Preliminary solubility of Lornoxicam, spectral study, method development and its validation was done as per ICH guidelines. Solubility study of Lornoxicam displayed a signifi cant increment in the solubility due to 10% solution of sodium benzoate which will be suffi cient to extract the drug from its dosage form. The sample solution has shown the λ max at 376 nm and obeys the lambert beer law in the concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml with a correlation coeffi cient of 0.999. The accuracy of the method was proved by recovery study with mean recovery of 99.87. Precision study also shows no signifi cant deviation from the mean value. A limit of detection and limit of quantitation result indicates the sensitivity of the method with the values 1.02 μg/ml and 3.39 μg/ml simultaneously. Hence, the methodology can be used safely and effectively for the routine estimation of Lornoxicam in the bulk drug and marketed formulation.

A new and simple reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the estimation of atenolol in its ph... more A new and simple reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the estimation of atenolol in its pharmaceutical dosage forms. The mobile phase used acetonitrile, methanol, KH2PO4 is in the ratio of 250:250:500. Buffer solution was prepared by dissolving 0.05M KH2PO4 + 0.1% H3PO4 adjunct with triethylamine. The separation was achieved on hypersil C-18 column, phenomenex Gemini(250× 4.6mm) and 5μ particle size with rheodyne injector. The flow rate was 1ml/min and uv detection at 238nm. The retention time for atenolol was 4min respectively. The linearity coefficient of atenolol was found to be 0.99% and the percentage recoveries for atenolol is 99.89%. The proposed method was accurate, precise and linear within the desired range. This method can successfully employed for the quantitative analysis of atenolol.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and associated with many other metabolic functional alt... more Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and associated with many other metabolic functional alterations1. The bark of Ficus bengalensis and other plants are reported as antidiabeticand hypolipidemic due to presence of flavonoids and sterols2. Based on literature survey, tribal information and chemical constituents, the present study is undertaken to observe the hypolipidemic potential of leaves and fruits of Ficus bengalensis because they also contain the same active constituents. Hence, the leaves and fruits may have same activity like bark. To study the object, different doses of ethanolic extract of leaves and fruits of Ficus bengalensis was given to alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2010

I n the present investigation, newly developed mixed hydrotropic solid dispersion (HSD) technolog... more I n the present investigation, newly developed mixed hydrotropic solid dispersion (HSD) technology precludes the use of organic solvent and also decreases the individual concentration of hydrotropic agents, simultaneously decreasing their toxic potential. 'Mixed-hydrotropic solubilization' technique is the phenomenon to increase the solubility of poorly watersoluble drugs in the aqueous solution containing blends of hydrotropic agents, which may give synergistic enhancement effect on solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs and to reduce concentrations of each individual hydrotropic agent to minimize their toxic effects due to high concentration of hydrotropic agents. Maheshwari has made HSD of paracetamol using urea. In the present study, the aqueous solution of hydrotropic blend (20% urea and 10% sodium citrate) has been found to increase aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drug, aceclofenac. This mixedhydrotropic blend was used to prepare solid dispersion of aceclofenac. The prepared solid dispersions have been characterized by IR and XRD studies. They have been studied for dissolution rate enhancement effect. The prepared solid dispersions were found very stable (chemically).

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2021

Abstract Aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of microemulsions for the transde... more Abstract Aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of microemulsions for the transdermal delivery of ketorolac tromethamine. The pseudo ternary phase diagram, 3 D Optimal mixture design was used to develop the microemulsion of desired properties. Seventeen trial runs were executed by using three different variables, percent content of oil, water and the optimized ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant whereas the responses investigated were percentage transmittance and Globule size. This microemulsion system was composed of, eucalyptus oil, Methyl Salicylate, tween 80, labrafil 1944M, and butanol. The optimized microemulsion was characterized by pH, Zeta Potential, Globule size, Polydispersity Index, and Viscosity. The surface morphology of microemulsion globules was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Ex-vivo permeation study and in-vitro drug release study (flux, Permeability coefficient, and Enhancement ratio (Er)) was also performed by using excised goat skin in a modified Franz diffusion cell. The stability study of the formulations was performed at three different temperature conditions for 90 days to prove the stability of the formulation. Optimized MEK-1 formulation was assessed for its anti-inflammatory activity by Croton oil-induced ear edema test and Croton oil-induced capillary permeability. Additionally, analgesic activity was also performed by Formalin Test and Heffner’s tail clip method. The study concluded that optimized microemulsion has potential and can be used as an alternative tool for the delivery of ketorolac tromethamine via the transdermal route.

Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery, 2019

Polymers are macromolecules that are formed by coordination of covalent bond among the same or di... more Polymers are macromolecules that are formed by coordination of covalent bond among the same or different structural units. They are used in a variety of areas including drug delivery development to general applications; current applications extend from coatings, adhesives, foams, and packaging materials to industrial fibers and textiles, electronic devices, composites, biomedical devices, optical devices, and novel approaches in drug delivery aspects. This chapter highlights the basics of polymer chemistry, synthesis, their characterization and application in different fields. We have started with the introduction of basic concepts on polymer chains and inter- and intramolecular interactions. We also give emphasis on tailored polymers and their application in pharmaceutical product development.

Nanoarchitectonics in Biomedicine, 2019

Abstract Pharmaceutical and medicine systems over the past two decades have experienced tremendou... more Abstract Pharmaceutical and medicine systems over the past two decades have experienced tremendous change and advancement in the transition from conventional to novel drug delivery systems. Cost effectiveness, bioavailability issues, and toxicological effects related to certain drugs have drawn the attention of scientists to develop a site-specific delivery system to target a few specific tissues, especially in the case of cytotoxic drugs. But presently,either we are providing the symptomatic relief in majority of cases or the toxic effects are so much prevalent. Genetic diseases are also largely untreatable and only symptomatic relief can be provided. The treatment of diseases at root level, especially those associated with genetics as the result of mutation or deletion of genes which lead to the impairment of normal metabolic pathways, have directed the current medicine system toward a new era, that is, gene therapy. The present techniques for gene therapy, that is, the use of a gene gun and viral vectors, have certain limitations which can be minimized by using a polymeric system to deliver the gene. The basic aim of this chapter is to discuss the various concepts and systems of targeting and site-specific delivery, which has come into existence in the past few decades with a special focus on gene therapy. We have addressed the different types of carriers and their physiochemical and biological characteristics which are needed to develop site-specific drug delivery or for targeting. Furthermore, some formulations intended to lead the targeting or site-specific delivery which are either in the phase of clinical investigation or have been approved for clinical use are also addressed. A special concern has been given to the various carriers and their mechanisms, including viral and nonviral vectors with a special mention of polymeric systems used to deliver the gene at a specific site.

Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy, 2019

Abstract Conventional drug therapies suffer from several limitations most prominently the pharmac... more Abstract Conventional drug therapies suffer from several limitations most prominently the pharmacokinetic alterations in biological systems, which result in decreased bioavailability at the desired location within the body. Furthermore, the undesired distribution, biotransformation, and elimination cause serious toxicities and submaximal therapeutic efficacy. The notion for targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) thus emerged to limit these consequences and exaggerate the therapeutic value of the medicine by enhancing the concentration of drug in the desired tissue and simultaneous restriction to achieve lower concentration in the remaining body tissues. This improves efficacy of the drug while reducing side effects. The goal of TDDS is to deliver the drug molecule specifically to the desired site. In today’s era the advancements in the technologies have paved the way for searching the complex mechanisms within the cell and different organs to facilitate drug targeting. This chapter shall discuss about the complex cellular environments, biochemical signaling pathways, and regulatory biomechanisms that govern the movement of drug molecules and it shall also discuss the carriers or vehicles that carry the drug to specific locations within the body and physically modulate components. For better understanding of the reader, biophysical, physiochemical, stoichiometric, and pharmacological parameters affecting the stay and fate of drug molecules at delivery site shall also be discussed. Furthermore, the chapter shall also convey information about the research updates in this field of study and the advancements in the approaches that have developed from the beginning of the era of targeted drug delivery as well as future opportunities.

Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery, 2019

Abstract Controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS) have emerged as a very powerful tool in the last... more Abstract Controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS) have emerged as a very powerful tool in the last few decades to overcome the problems associated with conventional dosage forms such as frequent dosing, poor bioavailability, poor patient compliance, etc. On the other hand, investigations show that the polymer has become an integral part of the modern pharmaceutical sector but still there is a tremendous need for newer polymer development, which could have better control on the release of the drug and may effectively be used for the targeting of bioactives; in short, it should have a smarter behavior. It is assumed that the development of newer polymer in the 21st century will open up, leading to new dimensions in the development of CDDS and targeted drug delivery systems. This chapter will consist of a basic briefing on various types of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers including those of natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic origin, along with a focus on the various uses of polymers with special reference to the development of controlled drug delivery systems of various types and development of polymer conjugate systems for controlled release of various bioactives. The chapter also deals with the impact of polymers on release behavior of the drug from the polymeric matrix and its degradation pattern and fate in the human body.

Current Traditional Medicine, 2020

The medicinal plants have enormous commercial potential throughout the globe. In the herbal boom ... more The medicinal plants have enormous commercial potential throughout the globe. In the herbal boom worldwide, it is estimated that high quality phyto-medicinals will provide safe and effective medication. In India, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani etc. consist of large number of herbal remedies, being used from ancient times. Many plant species containing active constituents that have a direct pharmacological action on the body. This plant Sage (Salvia officinalis Linn) is historically well known from the early 1960s till now by its therapeutic and culinary applications due to its high economic value. The plant is reported to contain alkaloids, triterpenoid, steroids, Phenolic compounds and essential oils. Sage plant is a rich source of antioxidant properties, for this reason sage has found increasing application in food industry. The core purpose of this review is to emphasize the origin, morphology, Phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Sage (Salvia officinalis Linn).

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019

The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of transdermalpatches of meloxicam to... more The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of transdermalpatches of meloxicam towards enhance its permeation through the skin and maintain the plasma levelconcentration. Transdermal patches were prepared by using polymers like Chitosan, HPMC 15cps and EC 20cpsat various concentrations by solvent casting technique employing dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer and isopropylmyristate as permeation enhancer. The transdermal patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties and in-vitro drug release. The transdermal patches were found to be transparent and smooth in texture. Amongthe formulations studied, at the end of 12th hour, the minimum and maximum in-vitro drug release was observedfor the formulations F12 and F4i.e. 80.012 ± 2.012 % and 98.365±3.012%. The mechanism of drugrelease was found to be Non-Fickian diffusion controlled. FT-IR studies revealed theintegrity of the drug in theformulations. Keywords: Transdermal Patches, Meloxicam, Chitosan, HPMC 15cps...

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019

Flupirtine is a non-opioid analgesic without antipyretic or antiphlogistic properties. Flupirtine... more Flupirtine is a non-opioid analgesic without antipyretic or antiphlogistic properties. Flupirtine is a centrally acting analgesic but the analgesic action of flupirtine does not depend on any central opioid effect. The fact behind this statement is that the pain-relieving property of flupirtine is not reduced by the opioid antagonistic drug naloxone. Flupirtine has been reported for its neuro-protective properties and possess a selective neuronal potassium channel opener that also has NMDA receptor antagonist properties. Flupertine is transformed into two primary derivatives, 4-fluoro-hippuric acid and the Nacetylated analogue D13223. Both derivatives of are flupirtine pharmacologically active with 30% of the analgesic potency of the parent drug and further oxidized and then conjugated with glycine to form inactive metabolites, Recently, Flupirtine maleate has been introduced in Indian market in oral, intravenous and rectal dosage forms. The half life of flupirtine following intra...

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2018

Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable t... more Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various...

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensive... more Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensively used by the scientists for effective drug delivery across the skin. It is a spontaneous isotropic mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances stabilized by suitable surfactant and co-surfactant. The easy fabrication, long-term stability, enhanced solubilization, biocompatibility, skin-friendly appearance and affinity for both the hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substances make it superior for skin drug delivery over the other carrier systems. The topical administration of most of the active compounds is impaired by limited skin permeability due to the presence of skin barriers. In this sequence, the microemulsion represents a cost-effective and convenient drug carrier system which successfully delivers the drug to and across the skin. In the present review work, we compiled various attempts made in last 20 years, utilizing the microemulsion for dermal and transdermal delivery of various drugs. The review emphasizes the potency of microemulsion for topical and transdermal drug delivery and its effect on drug permeability.

Pharmaceutical Methods, 2014

Increasing the aqueous solubility of insoluble drugs is of major importance for the estimation by... more Increasing the aqueous solubility of insoluble drugs is of major importance for the estimation by spectrophotometric technique. Various techniques have been employed to enhance the aqueous solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. Hydrotropic solubilization is one of them. In the present study, sodium benzoate was chosen as hydrotrope to enhance the solubility of Lornoxicam for its spectrophotometric estimation in their marketed formulation. Preliminary solubility of Lornoxicam, spectral study, method development and its validation was done as per ICH guidelines. Solubility study of Lornoxicam displayed a signifi cant increment in the solubility due to 10% solution of sodium benzoate which will be suffi cient to extract the drug from its dosage form. The sample solution has shown the λ max at 376 nm and obeys the lambert beer law in the concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml with a correlation coeffi cient of 0.999. The accuracy of the method was proved by recovery study with mean recovery of 99.87. Precision study also shows no signifi cant deviation from the mean value. A limit of detection and limit of quantitation result indicates the sensitivity of the method with the values 1.02 μg/ml and 3.39 μg/ml simultaneously. Hence, the methodology can be used safely and effectively for the routine estimation of Lornoxicam in the bulk drug and marketed formulation.

A new and simple reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the estimation of atenolol in its ph... more A new and simple reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the estimation of atenolol in its pharmaceutical dosage forms. The mobile phase used acetonitrile, methanol, KH2PO4 is in the ratio of 250:250:500. Buffer solution was prepared by dissolving 0.05M KH2PO4 + 0.1% H3PO4 adjunct with triethylamine. The separation was achieved on hypersil C-18 column, phenomenex Gemini(250× 4.6mm) and 5μ particle size with rheodyne injector. The flow rate was 1ml/min and uv detection at 238nm. The retention time for atenolol was 4min respectively. The linearity coefficient of atenolol was found to be 0.99% and the percentage recoveries for atenolol is 99.89%. The proposed method was accurate, precise and linear within the desired range. This method can successfully employed for the quantitative analysis of atenolol.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and associated with many other metabolic functional alt... more Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and associated with many other metabolic functional alterations1. The bark of Ficus bengalensis and other plants are reported as antidiabeticand hypolipidemic due to presence of flavonoids and sterols2. Based on literature survey, tribal information and chemical constituents, the present study is undertaken to observe the hypolipidemic potential of leaves and fruits of Ficus bengalensis because they also contain the same active constituents. Hence, the leaves and fruits may have same activity like bark. To study the object, different doses of ethanolic extract of leaves and fruits of Ficus bengalensis was given to alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2010

I n the present investigation, newly developed mixed hydrotropic solid dispersion (HSD) technolog... more I n the present investigation, newly developed mixed hydrotropic solid dispersion (HSD) technology precludes the use of organic solvent and also decreases the individual concentration of hydrotropic agents, simultaneously decreasing their toxic potential. 'Mixed-hydrotropic solubilization' technique is the phenomenon to increase the solubility of poorly watersoluble drugs in the aqueous solution containing blends of hydrotropic agents, which may give synergistic enhancement effect on solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs and to reduce concentrations of each individual hydrotropic agent to minimize their toxic effects due to high concentration of hydrotropic agents. Maheshwari has made HSD of paracetamol using urea. In the present study, the aqueous solution of hydrotropic blend (20% urea and 10% sodium citrate) has been found to increase aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drug, aceclofenac. This mixedhydrotropic blend was used to prepare solid dispersion of aceclofenac. The prepared solid dispersions have been characterized by IR and XRD studies. They have been studied for dissolution rate enhancement effect. The prepared solid dispersions were found very stable (chemically).

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2021

Abstract Aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of microemulsions for the transde... more Abstract Aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of microemulsions for the transdermal delivery of ketorolac tromethamine. The pseudo ternary phase diagram, 3 D Optimal mixture design was used to develop the microemulsion of desired properties. Seventeen trial runs were executed by using three different variables, percent content of oil, water and the optimized ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant whereas the responses investigated were percentage transmittance and Globule size. This microemulsion system was composed of, eucalyptus oil, Methyl Salicylate, tween 80, labrafil 1944M, and butanol. The optimized microemulsion was characterized by pH, Zeta Potential, Globule size, Polydispersity Index, and Viscosity. The surface morphology of microemulsion globules was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Ex-vivo permeation study and in-vitro drug release study (flux, Permeability coefficient, and Enhancement ratio (Er)) was also performed by using excised goat skin in a modified Franz diffusion cell. The stability study of the formulations was performed at three different temperature conditions for 90 days to prove the stability of the formulation. Optimized MEK-1 formulation was assessed for its anti-inflammatory activity by Croton oil-induced ear edema test and Croton oil-induced capillary permeability. Additionally, analgesic activity was also performed by Formalin Test and Heffner’s tail clip method. The study concluded that optimized microemulsion has potential and can be used as an alternative tool for the delivery of ketorolac tromethamine via the transdermal route.