zahra nafei - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by zahra nafei

Background Developmental delay in early childhood is a significant concern with multifaceted caus... more Background Developmental delay in early childhood is a significant concern with multifaceted causes and implications. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) is widely used for developmental assessment but remains understudied in Iranian children. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed 707 Iranian children aged 1 to 42 months in Yazd, Iran, using the BSID-III. We hypothesized differences in BSID-III scores compared to normative samples, considering age, gender, and parental education. Data were collected from two health centers in Yazd, with trained examiners following standardized procedures. Parental education was analyzed for its impact on developmental outcomes. Comparisons between BSID-III scores and Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) outcomes provided additional insights. Results Iranian children exhibited varying rates of developmental disorders across cognitive, language, and motor domains, influenced by parental education (higher parental educat...

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, Dec 30, 2019

Abstract Background Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a multifactorial condition at the junction of infect... more Abstract Background Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a multifactorial condition at the junction of infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, and cardiology. The aim of this study is to derive a more precise estimation of the association of TNF-α rs1800629, CASP3 rs72689236 and FCGR2A rs1801274 polymorphisms with risk of KD. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI databases were searched to identify all relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using CMA 2.2 software. Results: A total of 25 studies including eleven studies on TNF-α rs1800629, five studies on CASP3 rs72689236 and nine studies on FCGR2A rs1801274 were selected. Overall, pooled data revealed that CASP3 rs72689236 and FCGR2A rs1801274 polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of KD. However, there was no significant association between TNF-α rs1800629 and KD. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that CASPS rs72689236 and FCGR2A rs1801274 polymorphisms may modulate individual susceptibility to KD.

BMC Public Health, Feb 17, 2023

Background Dietary patterns and food items have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux dise... more Background Dietary patterns and food items have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) risk and they have led to conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet with the risk of GERD and its symptoms in adolescents. Methods This study was performed on 5,141 adolescents aged between 13 and 14 years. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency method. The diagnosis of GERD was done by using a six-item GERD questionnaire that asked about GERD symptoms. A binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the DASHstyle diet score and GERD and its symptoms in crude and multivariable-adjusted models. Our findings revealed that after adjustment for all confounding variables, the adolescents with the highest adherence to the DASH-style diet had a lower chance of developing GERD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95%CI 0.33-0.75, P trend < 0.001)], reflux (OR = 0.42; 95%CI 0.25-0.71, P trend =0.001), nausea (OR = 0.59; 95% CI:0.32-1.08, P trend =0.05) and stomach pain (OR = 0.69; 95%CI 0.49-0.98, P trend =0.03) compared to those with the lowest adherence. Similar results were found for odds of GERD among boys, and the total population (OR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18-0.73, P trend =0.002, OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.34-0.77, P trend <0.0, respectively). The current study revealed that adherence to a DASH-style diet might protect against GERD and its symptoms including, reflux, nausea, and stomach pain in adolescents. Further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.

Research Square (Research Square), Dec 6, 2021

Background and Objective: Dairy products may be associated to an increased risk of asthma, althou... more Background and Objective: Dairy products may be associated to an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scienti c evidence to back this up. The goal of this study was to exploring the association between dairy consumption and asthma symptoms. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on children and adolescents aged 6-8 and 13-14 living in central Iran. Dietary food consumption was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for the association between milk, other dairy products, and total dairy consumption with risk of asthma symptoms. Results: In total, 7667 participants (3414 boys and 4253 girls) were included in the current study. Milk intake and total dairy consumption were not associated with the likelihood of wheezing, asthma con rmed by a doctor, current asthma, and asthma medication use. also, there was no association between other dairy products intake and odds of wheezing in the past 12 months in the crude model. But, after adjustment for several confounders those in the top category had lower odds of wheezing in the past 12 months than those in the bottom category (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.85). In conclusion, the consumption of dairy products other than milk, including cheese and yogurt, might reduce the likelihood of wheezing in children and adolescents.

Case Reports in Clinical Practice

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is the subtype four of hereditary sensory... more Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is the subtype four of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HASN IV), caused by a defect in the NTRK1 gene and presenting early in life. We report a ten-year-old boy with gait problems and an inability to put weight on his feet. Four days before the visit, a trauma entered his right knee during a football match. He had swelling and erythema in his right knee and multiple scars on his torso and limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offered osteomyelitis and soft tissue periosteal abscess. The patient underwent an operation, and based on the pathology results, myositis ossificans (MO) was reported. Moreover, he was treated with antibiotics and supportive measures and was discharged with partial recovery. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of MO due to recurrent trauma in children with CIPA syndrome.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of common esophageal diseases in adoles... more Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of common esophageal diseases in adolescents. Recent evidence has shown that dietary patterns might be associated with GERD risk. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a Mediterranean style diet (MedDiet) and GERD in a large sample of adolescents living in central Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 5141 adolescents aged between 13-14 years. Dietary intake assessed by using a food frequency method. The GERD diagnosed using a six-item questionnaire, which askes about its symptoms including heartburn, sense of reflux, poor sleep, medication use, nausea and epigastric pain. A binary logistic regression used to evaluate the relationship between the MedDiet score and GERD and its associated symptoms.Results: The analyses revealed that after adjustment for all possible confounding variables, the adolescents in the highest adherence to the MedDiet score had lower odds of GERD [odds ratio (OR)=...

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The World Health Organization first reported outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2019 in Wuhan... more Introduction: The World Health Organization first reported outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2019 in Wuhan, China. Limited studies have been performed on long-term complications after the acute phase of this disease in children. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of children who had previously been hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, long-term complications in 105 children less than 18 years of age suspected of having Covid-19 disease were assessed (2020-2021). This evaluation was performed by completing a questionnaire by patients' families three months after discharge and collecting information from the patients' records at the time of hospitalization. Participants were also classified into four age groups. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All 105 children suspected of having COVID-19 who were hospitalized during the mentioned per...

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Microbial resistance due to antibiotics overuse can endanger the general health of ... more Introduction: Microbial resistance due to antibiotics overuse can endanger the general health of society. Various factors play a role in mothers' overuse of antibiotics for their children. This study aimed to investigate mothers' attitude and behavior about the use of antibiotics in children under five years old in Yazd City. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 302 mothers with children under five years old were included in 2019-2020; a questionnaire of mothers' attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use was completed. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mothers' attitude level was poor, moderate, and good in 60 (20%), 180 (59.5%), and 62 patients (20.5%), respectively. Furthermore, mothers' practice level was poor in 55 (18.2%), moderate in 210 (69.5%) and good in 37 (12.3%). The level of attitude (P = 0.000) and practice (P = 0.0...

World Journal of Peri & Neonatology, 2022

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism is the primary goal of neo... more Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism is the primary goal of neonates and children screening programs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare developmental skills in children with early-treated congenital hypothyroidism with healthy children using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires test (ASQ). Methods: A total of 40 neonates with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed during neonatal screening (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) > 10 mu/l) who were treated with Levothyroxine (10-15µ/kg) promptly within the first month of birth (after treatment, TSH < 4 mu/l) were evaluated for developmental skills using the ASQ test at 4, 8, and 12 months of age. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children matched with the case group in terms of age, sex, and socio-economic status. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were used with SPSS statistical software version 21 for analyzing the results. Results: The overall mean ASQ score in case group was 262.7 ± 9.0...

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2021

Background: Mild symptoms of COVID-19 in children may lead to delayed or misdiagnosis. Reverse tr... more Background: Mild symptoms of COVID-19 in children may lead to delayed or misdiagnosis. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an approved laboratory method for detecting COVID-19 virus. Given that COVID-19 is considered an emerging disease, its diagnostic methods in children have not yet been well compared. Therefore, this study was designed to compare RT-PCR, lung CT scan, and anti-COVID-19 antibody results in hospitalized children with suspected COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients under 18 years suspected COVID-19 admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, from February 2020 to February 2021. All hospitalized children who have suspected COVID-19 based on their initial clinical symptoms or signs and underwent RT - PCR were included in the study. Demographic data such as age, sex, contact history with COVID-19 patients, clinical manifestations, outcome, comorbidities, and information on other paraclinical procedures b...

Dairy products may be linked to an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scientific ... more Dairy products may be linked to an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scientific evidence to back this up. The goal of this study was to look at the link between dairy consumption and asthma symptoms. This cross-sectional study was conducted on children and adolescents aged 6-8 and 13-14 living in central Iran. Dietary food consumption was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for the association between milk, other dairy products, and total dairy consumption with asthma symptoms. In total, 7667 participants (3414 boys and 4253 girls) were included in the current study. Milk intake and total dairy consumption were not associated with the likelihood of wheezing, asthma confirmed by a doctor, current asthma, and asthma medication use. However, the analysis revealed that those who eat other dairy products on most days or every day might have a reduced likelihood of wheezing compared to those who do not eat or ...

Maedica, 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency distribution of antibiotic therap... more Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency distribution of antibiotic therapy according to lumbar puncture outcome in hospitalized children. Methods:This study was conducted on 94 children undergoing lumbar puncture. All data were extracted from medical records. Administration of primary treatments and initial diagnosis including febrile convulsion, meningitis, and encephalitis in these patients were based on a physician's opinion. Results:The majority of subjects were diagnosed with febrile convulsion. Antibiotic treatment before lumbar puncture was taken by 58 children. After lumbar puncture, 35 children discontinued antibiotic therapy, two patients were switched to another antibiotic treatment and 21 subjects continued antibiotic medication. In addition, 36 children did not take antibiotics. Positive PCR was found in four cases from the encephalitis group. Conclusion: After lumbar puncture, antibiotic treatment was continued in 23 cases, whereas administr...

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2021

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that affects small and medium-sized art... more Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that affects small and medium-sized arteries. During the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, a significant increase in children with KD symptoms who had COVID-19 was reported, known as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We describe 2 cases of KD following the COVID-19. Case presentation: Two 2.5 and 3.5-year-old boys presented to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital with weakness, fever, nausea, and vomiting for several days. The other symptoms were maculopapular rash, cracked lips, erythematous palms, conjunctivitis, and lymphadenopathy. Respiratory symptoms were observed in none of them. The course of the disease was moderate to severe in both, and they were treated entirely. Conclusions: COVID-19 infection in children may present without any respiratory symptoms. Thus, Pediatricians should consider these atypical presentations and not restrict COVID-19 tests only for patients with typical presentati...

Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology, 2021

Asthma, as the most common chronic disease in children, encompasses substantial health and socioe... more Asthma, as the most common chronic disease in children, encompasses substantial health and socioeconomic burden worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and management of asthma in adolescents aged 13-14 years. This cross-sectional study, which was part of the Global Asthma Network (GAN) 2020 survey, was conducted in early 2020 in Yazd, Iran. A total of 48 schools in Yazd city were selected by cluster sampling. In this study, 5141 students, including 3069 (59.7%) females and 2072 (40.3%) males participated. Prevalence of ever and current wheezing was 19% and 9% respectively. The former was significantly higher in males than females (p<0.001). About 2% of the participants, which was 22.1% of students with current wheezing, had severe asthma. The prevalence of severe asthma was significantly higher in males (p=0.026). Our results showed that 4.8% of students had confirmed asthma by a doctor, significantly predominant in males (p<0.001). The prevalence of...

Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2021

Acute poisoning is a common cause of emergency department visits in childhood and can increase ch... more Acute poisoning is a common cause of emergency department visits in childhood and can increase children’s morbidity and mortality. Since the causes of child poisoning in different parts of Iran may differ due to cultural differences, this study was conducted to evaluate the most common causes of poisoning in Yazd. This retrospective cross-sectional study is based on the medical records of children less than 18 years of age admitted to the pediatric emergency department at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd during 2018. The collected data included demographic information, the cause, and the outcome of acute poisoning. Out of 105 cases, 61.9% were boys. The highest poisoning rates were in the age group of 1 to 4 years (55.2%). In 50% of the participants, the family size was five or more, and 91% had Iranian nationality. Drugs were identified as the most common causes of poisoning (51.4%), and opioid analgesics were the most frequent drugs. The most common complaint at the time of referr...

World Journal of Peri & Neonatology, 2021

Background: Anxiety, depression, and stress during the pregnancy period are usually overlooked in... more Background: Anxiety, depression, and stress during the pregnancy period are usually overlooked in women despite their detrimental effects on the mother and infant. Studies have shown an increase in the risk of behavioral and psychological problems in an infant's life because of the mother's exposure to negative excitement and stress before childbirth. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of maternal anxiety, depression, and stress during pregnancy on neonatal growth indices at birth. Methods: This longitudinal survey was done on 102 pregnant women referred to the obstetrics clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd for prenatal care from September 2019 to March 2020. They were asked to fulfill two questionnaires related to the study. After delivery, the further information and growth indices of neonates were extracted by telephone. Results: Regardless of the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, a significant relationship was found between maternal age...

Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 2021

Allergic rhinitis and eczema are two common global diseases that can lead to impaired quality of ... more Allergic rhinitis and eczema are two common global diseases that can lead to impaired quality of life. Determining the prevalence of these allergic disorders can be useful in planning prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis and eczema in adolescents living in Yazd city. Using an electronic questionnaire based on the Global Asthma Network (GAN) core questionnaire, 5141 adolescents aged 13–14 years were cross-sectionallysurveyed. The prevalence of current symptoms of rhinitis turned out to be 36.3%, proving significantly higher in boys (p=0.009). Moreover, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in the past year leveled at 12.4% and 10.5%, respectively; however, the former was significantly higher in females (p=0.014). Additionally, severe rhinoconjunctivitis was observed in 0.2% of the participants with no gender preference (p=0.09). Confirmed hay fever by a doctor was reported in 13.2% of adolesce...

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2020

Abstract Background Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence implicating the IL-13 pol... more Abstract Background Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence implicating the IL-13 polymorphism and pediatric asthma. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to combine and analyze the available studies to provide more accurate conclusions. Methods: A comprehensive retrieval in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI was performed up to February 05, 2020. Results: A total of 39 case-control studies including 15 studies with 4,968 cases and 7,091 controls were on +1923 C > T, ten studies with 3,175 cases and 2,983 controls on -1112 C > T, and 14 studies with 4,476 cases and 5,121 controls on +2044 A > G were selected. Pooled data showed that the IL-13 + 1923 C > T, −1112 C > T and +2044 A > G polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of pediatric asthma. The IL-13 + 1923 C > T (Asians and Africans), −1112 C > T (Caucasians) and +2044 A > G (Asians) polymorphisms were more frequently associated in these ethnic groups. Conclusions: Our pooled data indicated that IL-13 + 1923 C > T, −1112 C > T and +2044 A > G polymorphisms were correlated with risk of pediatric asthma.

Background Developmental delay in early childhood is a significant concern with multifaceted caus... more Background Developmental delay in early childhood is a significant concern with multifaceted causes and implications. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) is widely used for developmental assessment but remains understudied in Iranian children. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed 707 Iranian children aged 1 to 42 months in Yazd, Iran, using the BSID-III. We hypothesized differences in BSID-III scores compared to normative samples, considering age, gender, and parental education. Data were collected from two health centers in Yazd, with trained examiners following standardized procedures. Parental education was analyzed for its impact on developmental outcomes. Comparisons between BSID-III scores and Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) outcomes provided additional insights. Results Iranian children exhibited varying rates of developmental disorders across cognitive, language, and motor domains, influenced by parental education (higher parental educat...

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, Dec 30, 2019

Abstract Background Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a multifactorial condition at the junction of infect... more Abstract Background Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a multifactorial condition at the junction of infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, and cardiology. The aim of this study is to derive a more precise estimation of the association of TNF-α rs1800629, CASP3 rs72689236 and FCGR2A rs1801274 polymorphisms with risk of KD. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI databases were searched to identify all relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using CMA 2.2 software. Results: A total of 25 studies including eleven studies on TNF-α rs1800629, five studies on CASP3 rs72689236 and nine studies on FCGR2A rs1801274 were selected. Overall, pooled data revealed that CASP3 rs72689236 and FCGR2A rs1801274 polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of KD. However, there was no significant association between TNF-α rs1800629 and KD. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that CASPS rs72689236 and FCGR2A rs1801274 polymorphisms may modulate individual susceptibility to KD.

BMC Public Health, Feb 17, 2023

Background Dietary patterns and food items have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux dise... more Background Dietary patterns and food items have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) risk and they have led to conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet with the risk of GERD and its symptoms in adolescents. Methods This study was performed on 5,141 adolescents aged between 13 and 14 years. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency method. The diagnosis of GERD was done by using a six-item GERD questionnaire that asked about GERD symptoms. A binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the DASHstyle diet score and GERD and its symptoms in crude and multivariable-adjusted models. Our findings revealed that after adjustment for all confounding variables, the adolescents with the highest adherence to the DASH-style diet had a lower chance of developing GERD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95%CI 0.33-0.75, P trend < 0.001)], reflux (OR = 0.42; 95%CI 0.25-0.71, P trend =0.001), nausea (OR = 0.59; 95% CI:0.32-1.08, P trend =0.05) and stomach pain (OR = 0.69; 95%CI 0.49-0.98, P trend =0.03) compared to those with the lowest adherence. Similar results were found for odds of GERD among boys, and the total population (OR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18-0.73, P trend =0.002, OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.34-0.77, P trend <0.0, respectively). The current study revealed that adherence to a DASH-style diet might protect against GERD and its symptoms including, reflux, nausea, and stomach pain in adolescents. Further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.

Research Square (Research Square), Dec 6, 2021

Background and Objective: Dairy products may be associated to an increased risk of asthma, althou... more Background and Objective: Dairy products may be associated to an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scienti c evidence to back this up. The goal of this study was to exploring the association between dairy consumption and asthma symptoms. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on children and adolescents aged 6-8 and 13-14 living in central Iran. Dietary food consumption was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for the association between milk, other dairy products, and total dairy consumption with risk of asthma symptoms. Results: In total, 7667 participants (3414 boys and 4253 girls) were included in the current study. Milk intake and total dairy consumption were not associated with the likelihood of wheezing, asthma con rmed by a doctor, current asthma, and asthma medication use. also, there was no association between other dairy products intake and odds of wheezing in the past 12 months in the crude model. But, after adjustment for several confounders those in the top category had lower odds of wheezing in the past 12 months than those in the bottom category (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.85). In conclusion, the consumption of dairy products other than milk, including cheese and yogurt, might reduce the likelihood of wheezing in children and adolescents.

Case Reports in Clinical Practice

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is the subtype four of hereditary sensory... more Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is the subtype four of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HASN IV), caused by a defect in the NTRK1 gene and presenting early in life. We report a ten-year-old boy with gait problems and an inability to put weight on his feet. Four days before the visit, a trauma entered his right knee during a football match. He had swelling and erythema in his right knee and multiple scars on his torso and limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offered osteomyelitis and soft tissue periosteal abscess. The patient underwent an operation, and based on the pathology results, myositis ossificans (MO) was reported. Moreover, he was treated with antibiotics and supportive measures and was discharged with partial recovery. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of MO due to recurrent trauma in children with CIPA syndrome.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of common esophageal diseases in adoles... more Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of common esophageal diseases in adolescents. Recent evidence has shown that dietary patterns might be associated with GERD risk. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a Mediterranean style diet (MedDiet) and GERD in a large sample of adolescents living in central Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 5141 adolescents aged between 13-14 years. Dietary intake assessed by using a food frequency method. The GERD diagnosed using a six-item questionnaire, which askes about its symptoms including heartburn, sense of reflux, poor sleep, medication use, nausea and epigastric pain. A binary logistic regression used to evaluate the relationship between the MedDiet score and GERD and its associated symptoms.Results: The analyses revealed that after adjustment for all possible confounding variables, the adolescents in the highest adherence to the MedDiet score had lower odds of GERD [odds ratio (OR)=...

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The World Health Organization first reported outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2019 in Wuhan... more Introduction: The World Health Organization first reported outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2019 in Wuhan, China. Limited studies have been performed on long-term complications after the acute phase of this disease in children. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of children who had previously been hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, long-term complications in 105 children less than 18 years of age suspected of having Covid-19 disease were assessed (2020-2021). This evaluation was performed by completing a questionnaire by patients' families three months after discharge and collecting information from the patients' records at the time of hospitalization. Participants were also classified into four age groups. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All 105 children suspected of having COVID-19 who were hospitalized during the mentioned per...

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Microbial resistance due to antibiotics overuse can endanger the general health of ... more Introduction: Microbial resistance due to antibiotics overuse can endanger the general health of society. Various factors play a role in mothers' overuse of antibiotics for their children. This study aimed to investigate mothers' attitude and behavior about the use of antibiotics in children under five years old in Yazd City. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 302 mothers with children under five years old were included in 2019-2020; a questionnaire of mothers' attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use was completed. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mothers' attitude level was poor, moderate, and good in 60 (20%), 180 (59.5%), and 62 patients (20.5%), respectively. Furthermore, mothers' practice level was poor in 55 (18.2%), moderate in 210 (69.5%) and good in 37 (12.3%). The level of attitude (P = 0.000) and practice (P = 0.0...

World Journal of Peri & Neonatology, 2022

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism is the primary goal of neo... more Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism is the primary goal of neonates and children screening programs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare developmental skills in children with early-treated congenital hypothyroidism with healthy children using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires test (ASQ). Methods: A total of 40 neonates with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed during neonatal screening (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) > 10 mu/l) who were treated with Levothyroxine (10-15µ/kg) promptly within the first month of birth (after treatment, TSH < 4 mu/l) were evaluated for developmental skills using the ASQ test at 4, 8, and 12 months of age. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children matched with the case group in terms of age, sex, and socio-economic status. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were used with SPSS statistical software version 21 for analyzing the results. Results: The overall mean ASQ score in case group was 262.7 ± 9.0...

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2021

Background: Mild symptoms of COVID-19 in children may lead to delayed or misdiagnosis. Reverse tr... more Background: Mild symptoms of COVID-19 in children may lead to delayed or misdiagnosis. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an approved laboratory method for detecting COVID-19 virus. Given that COVID-19 is considered an emerging disease, its diagnostic methods in children have not yet been well compared. Therefore, this study was designed to compare RT-PCR, lung CT scan, and anti-COVID-19 antibody results in hospitalized children with suspected COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients under 18 years suspected COVID-19 admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, from February 2020 to February 2021. All hospitalized children who have suspected COVID-19 based on their initial clinical symptoms or signs and underwent RT - PCR were included in the study. Demographic data such as age, sex, contact history with COVID-19 patients, clinical manifestations, outcome, comorbidities, and information on other paraclinical procedures b...

Dairy products may be linked to an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scientific ... more Dairy products may be linked to an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scientific evidence to back this up. The goal of this study was to look at the link between dairy consumption and asthma symptoms. This cross-sectional study was conducted on children and adolescents aged 6-8 and 13-14 living in central Iran. Dietary food consumption was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for the association between milk, other dairy products, and total dairy consumption with asthma symptoms. In total, 7667 participants (3414 boys and 4253 girls) were included in the current study. Milk intake and total dairy consumption were not associated with the likelihood of wheezing, asthma confirmed by a doctor, current asthma, and asthma medication use. However, the analysis revealed that those who eat other dairy products on most days or every day might have a reduced likelihood of wheezing compared to those who do not eat or ...

Maedica, 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency distribution of antibiotic therap... more Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency distribution of antibiotic therapy according to lumbar puncture outcome in hospitalized children. Methods:This study was conducted on 94 children undergoing lumbar puncture. All data were extracted from medical records. Administration of primary treatments and initial diagnosis including febrile convulsion, meningitis, and encephalitis in these patients were based on a physician's opinion. Results:The majority of subjects were diagnosed with febrile convulsion. Antibiotic treatment before lumbar puncture was taken by 58 children. After lumbar puncture, 35 children discontinued antibiotic therapy, two patients were switched to another antibiotic treatment and 21 subjects continued antibiotic medication. In addition, 36 children did not take antibiotics. Positive PCR was found in four cases from the encephalitis group. Conclusion: After lumbar puncture, antibiotic treatment was continued in 23 cases, whereas administr...

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2021

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that affects small and medium-sized art... more Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that affects small and medium-sized arteries. During the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, a significant increase in children with KD symptoms who had COVID-19 was reported, known as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We describe 2 cases of KD following the COVID-19. Case presentation: Two 2.5 and 3.5-year-old boys presented to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital with weakness, fever, nausea, and vomiting for several days. The other symptoms were maculopapular rash, cracked lips, erythematous palms, conjunctivitis, and lymphadenopathy. Respiratory symptoms were observed in none of them. The course of the disease was moderate to severe in both, and they were treated entirely. Conclusions: COVID-19 infection in children may present without any respiratory symptoms. Thus, Pediatricians should consider these atypical presentations and not restrict COVID-19 tests only for patients with typical presentati...

Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology, 2021

Asthma, as the most common chronic disease in children, encompasses substantial health and socioe... more Asthma, as the most common chronic disease in children, encompasses substantial health and socioeconomic burden worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and management of asthma in adolescents aged 13-14 years. This cross-sectional study, which was part of the Global Asthma Network (GAN) 2020 survey, was conducted in early 2020 in Yazd, Iran. A total of 48 schools in Yazd city were selected by cluster sampling. In this study, 5141 students, including 3069 (59.7%) females and 2072 (40.3%) males participated. Prevalence of ever and current wheezing was 19% and 9% respectively. The former was significantly higher in males than females (p<0.001). About 2% of the participants, which was 22.1% of students with current wheezing, had severe asthma. The prevalence of severe asthma was significantly higher in males (p=0.026). Our results showed that 4.8% of students had confirmed asthma by a doctor, significantly predominant in males (p<0.001). The prevalence of...

Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2021

Acute poisoning is a common cause of emergency department visits in childhood and can increase ch... more Acute poisoning is a common cause of emergency department visits in childhood and can increase children’s morbidity and mortality. Since the causes of child poisoning in different parts of Iran may differ due to cultural differences, this study was conducted to evaluate the most common causes of poisoning in Yazd. This retrospective cross-sectional study is based on the medical records of children less than 18 years of age admitted to the pediatric emergency department at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd during 2018. The collected data included demographic information, the cause, and the outcome of acute poisoning. Out of 105 cases, 61.9% were boys. The highest poisoning rates were in the age group of 1 to 4 years (55.2%). In 50% of the participants, the family size was five or more, and 91% had Iranian nationality. Drugs were identified as the most common causes of poisoning (51.4%), and opioid analgesics were the most frequent drugs. The most common complaint at the time of referr...

World Journal of Peri & Neonatology, 2021

Background: Anxiety, depression, and stress during the pregnancy period are usually overlooked in... more Background: Anxiety, depression, and stress during the pregnancy period are usually overlooked in women despite their detrimental effects on the mother and infant. Studies have shown an increase in the risk of behavioral and psychological problems in an infant's life because of the mother's exposure to negative excitement and stress before childbirth. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of maternal anxiety, depression, and stress during pregnancy on neonatal growth indices at birth. Methods: This longitudinal survey was done on 102 pregnant women referred to the obstetrics clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd for prenatal care from September 2019 to March 2020. They were asked to fulfill two questionnaires related to the study. After delivery, the further information and growth indices of neonates were extracted by telephone. Results: Regardless of the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, a significant relationship was found between maternal age...

Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 2021

Allergic rhinitis and eczema are two common global diseases that can lead to impaired quality of ... more Allergic rhinitis and eczema are two common global diseases that can lead to impaired quality of life. Determining the prevalence of these allergic disorders can be useful in planning prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis and eczema in adolescents living in Yazd city. Using an electronic questionnaire based on the Global Asthma Network (GAN) core questionnaire, 5141 adolescents aged 13–14 years were cross-sectionallysurveyed. The prevalence of current symptoms of rhinitis turned out to be 36.3%, proving significantly higher in boys (p=0.009). Moreover, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in the past year leveled at 12.4% and 10.5%, respectively; however, the former was significantly higher in females (p=0.014). Additionally, severe rhinoconjunctivitis was observed in 0.2% of the participants with no gender preference (p=0.09). Confirmed hay fever by a doctor was reported in 13.2% of adolesce...

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2020

Abstract Background Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence implicating the IL-13 pol... more Abstract Background Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence implicating the IL-13 polymorphism and pediatric asthma. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to combine and analyze the available studies to provide more accurate conclusions. Methods: A comprehensive retrieval in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI was performed up to February 05, 2020. Results: A total of 39 case-control studies including 15 studies with 4,968 cases and 7,091 controls were on +1923 C > T, ten studies with 3,175 cases and 2,983 controls on -1112 C > T, and 14 studies with 4,476 cases and 5,121 controls on +2044 A > G were selected. Pooled data showed that the IL-13 + 1923 C > T, −1112 C > T and +2044 A > G polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of pediatric asthma. The IL-13 + 1923 C > T (Asians and Africans), −1112 C > T (Caucasians) and +2044 A > G (Asians) polymorphisms were more frequently associated in these ethnic groups. Conclusions: Our pooled data indicated that IL-13 + 1923 C > T, −1112 C > T and +2044 A > G polymorphisms were correlated with risk of pediatric asthma.