Jeffrey Bardzell | Indiana University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Jeffrey Bardzell
Interacting with Computers, 2016
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Care pervades all interactions between people. Therefore, research that engages with human partic... more Care pervades all interactions between people. Therefore, research that engages with human participants necessarily includes care, both from researchers and participants. These caring relationships are frequently left unaddressed in research reporting, disguising the fact that researchers are also cared for in their interactions with participants. In this paper, we demonstrate how a care ethics perspective helps to bring clarity to the care entanglements that pervade the relationships that develop between researchers and participants. This perspective not only leads to a more complete ability to disclose the position of the researcher in their data, but also provides insights into how we describe the empathic character of these relationships. We analyze the researcher–participant relationships we developed during two separate long-term research engagements—a 19-month ethnography and a 6-month design deployment—using a care ethics perspective. We discuss how researchers and participants navigate a complex set of roles and reflexively engage with interpersonal vulnerabilities and needs for care. We argue that researchers, particularly those who participate in long-term qualitative studies, have to engage authentically with the multiple subject positions they themselves occupy, as well as the multiple subject positions in which their research participants become entangled. This importantly includes researchers’ positions as individuals with human and social needs who participate in reciprocal, caring relationships with their participants. We argue that HCI research can benefit from incorporating a care ethics perspective, particularly in adopting the goals of developing empathic relationships with participants, acknowledging the reflexivity of research and engaging in researcher self-disclosure.
Research participants and researchers perform care for each other throughout the research process.
This is demonstrated through two long-term research engagements and a care ethics analysis of the relationships that developed between researchers and participants within them.
This care ethics perspective enables a more complete form of researcher self-disclosure, and is helpful when attempting to develop an understanding of empathic relationships with participants.
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Bloomington, IN: Indiana …, 1999
Abstract: The early literacy challenge in Indiana is to increase the literacy skills of students ... more Abstract: The early literacy challenge in Indiana is to increase the literacy skills of students in Grades K-3 who are at risk for school failure. In 1997 the Indiana Department of Education began implementing the Early Literacy Intervention Grant Program (ELIGP)--close to half the ELIGP funding supported professional development for teachers and teacher trainers involved in Reading Recovery. The remaining schools had projects referred to in this impact study as Other Early Literacy Interventions (OELI). Examples of OELI projects funded ...
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We examine the recent move from a rhetoric of “users” towards one of “makers”, “crafters”, and “h... more We examine the recent move from a rhetoric of “users” towards one of “makers”, “crafters”, and “hackers” within HCI discourse. Through our analysis, we make several contributions. First, we provide a general overview of the structure and common framings within research on makers. We discuss how these statements reconfigure themes of empowerment and progress that have been central to HCI rhetoric since the field’s inception. In the latter part of the paper, we discuss the consequences of these shifts for contemporary research problems. In particular, we explore the problem of designed obsolescence, a core issue for Sustainable Interaction Design (SID) research. We show how the framing of the maker, as an empowered subject, presents certain opportunities and limitations for this research discourse. Finally, we offer alternative framings of empowerment that can expand maker discourse and its use in contemporary research problems such as SID.
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This paper offers theoretical support for research through design (RtD) by arguing that to legiti... more This paper offers theoretical support for research through design (RtD) by arguing that to legitimize and make use of research through design as research, HCI researchers need to explore and clarify how RtD objects contribute to knowledge. One way to pursue this goal is to leverage knowledge-producing tactics of the arts and humanities traditions of aesthetics, key among which is a community- wide and ongoing critical analysis of aesthetic objects. Along these lines, we argue that while the intentions of the object’s designer are important and annotations are a good mechanism to articulate them, the critical reception of objects can be equally generative of RtD’s knowledge impacts. Such a scholarly critical reception is needed because of the potential inexhaustibility of design objects’ meanings, their inability to be paraphrased adequately. Offering a multilevel analysis of the (critical) design fiction Menstruation Machine by Sputniko!, the paper explores how design objects co-produce knowledge, by working through complex design problem spaces in non-reductive ways, proposing new connections and distinctions, and embodying de- sign ideas and processes across time and minds.
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This paper explores factors that lead to individuals’ adoption of the maker identity reproduced b... more This paper explores factors that lead to individuals’ adoption of the maker identity reproduced by a small-town hackerspace. This paper presents the findings of a 15-month ethnography of the hackerspace and a series of targeted interviews focused on the self-made tools of that hackerspace. These findings indicate that the formation of our subjects’ maker identities are shaped heavily by the individual’s ability to: use and extend tools; adopt an adhocist attitude toward projects and materials; and engage with the broader maker community. We also consider how a maker identity manifests itself in both making processes and visual stylizations of projects. We present and explore the formative roles of materials, the significances of imprecise tactics such as “futzing,” and the role of the hackerspace as a special place where “normal” attitudes and practices are suspended in favor of an alternative set.
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Proceedings of the 27th international conference on …, Jan 1, 2009
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Abstract In spite of decades of research on virtual worlds, our understanding of one popular form... more Abstract In spite of decades of research on virtual worlds, our understanding of one popular form of virtual world behavior-raiding-remains limited. Raiding is important because it entails intense, high-risk, and complex collaborative behaviors in computer-mediated environments. This paper contributes to CSCW literature by offering a longitudinal analysis of raiding behavior using system data manually collected from the game world itself, comparing two raiding teams as they worked through the same content.
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Proceedings of the 28th international …, Jan 1, 2010
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CHI'08 extended abstracts on Human …, Jan 1, 2008
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Abstract This paper aims to enrich the design research community's notions of quality by turning ... more Abstract This paper aims to enrich the design research community's notions of quality by turning to the techniques and values of master craftspeople. We describe and analyze interviews conducted with elite craft practitioners in the US and Taiwan to consider how they perceive and produce quality. The crafters articulate a consensus view of interaction with integrity.
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Interacting with Computers, 2016
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Care pervades all interactions between people. Therefore, research that engages with human partic... more Care pervades all interactions between people. Therefore, research that engages with human participants necessarily includes care, both from researchers and participants. These caring relationships are frequently left unaddressed in research reporting, disguising the fact that researchers are also cared for in their interactions with participants. In this paper, we demonstrate how a care ethics perspective helps to bring clarity to the care entanglements that pervade the relationships that develop between researchers and participants. This perspective not only leads to a more complete ability to disclose the position of the researcher in their data, but also provides insights into how we describe the empathic character of these relationships. We analyze the researcher–participant relationships we developed during two separate long-term research engagements—a 19-month ethnography and a 6-month design deployment—using a care ethics perspective. We discuss how researchers and participants navigate a complex set of roles and reflexively engage with interpersonal vulnerabilities and needs for care. We argue that researchers, particularly those who participate in long-term qualitative studies, have to engage authentically with the multiple subject positions they themselves occupy, as well as the multiple subject positions in which their research participants become entangled. This importantly includes researchers’ positions as individuals with human and social needs who participate in reciprocal, caring relationships with their participants. We argue that HCI research can benefit from incorporating a care ethics perspective, particularly in adopting the goals of developing empathic relationships with participants, acknowledging the reflexivity of research and engaging in researcher self-disclosure.
Research participants and researchers perform care for each other throughout the research process.
This is demonstrated through two long-term research engagements and a care ethics analysis of the relationships that developed between researchers and participants within them.
This care ethics perspective enables a more complete form of researcher self-disclosure, and is helpful when attempting to develop an understanding of empathic relationships with participants.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bloomington, IN: Indiana …, 1999
Abstract: The early literacy challenge in Indiana is to increase the literacy skills of students ... more Abstract: The early literacy challenge in Indiana is to increase the literacy skills of students in Grades K-3 who are at risk for school failure. In 1997 the Indiana Department of Education began implementing the Early Literacy Intervention Grant Program (ELIGP)--close to half the ELIGP funding supported professional development for teachers and teacher trainers involved in Reading Recovery. The remaining schools had projects referred to in this impact study as Other Early Literacy Interventions (OELI). Examples of OELI projects funded ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
We examine the recent move from a rhetoric of “users” towards one of “makers”, “crafters”, and “h... more We examine the recent move from a rhetoric of “users” towards one of “makers”, “crafters”, and “hackers” within HCI discourse. Through our analysis, we make several contributions. First, we provide a general overview of the structure and common framings within research on makers. We discuss how these statements reconfigure themes of empowerment and progress that have been central to HCI rhetoric since the field’s inception. In the latter part of the paper, we discuss the consequences of these shifts for contemporary research problems. In particular, we explore the problem of designed obsolescence, a core issue for Sustainable Interaction Design (SID) research. We show how the framing of the maker, as an empowered subject, presents certain opportunities and limitations for this research discourse. Finally, we offer alternative framings of empowerment that can expand maker discourse and its use in contemporary research problems such as SID.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This paper offers theoretical support for research through design (RtD) by arguing that to legiti... more This paper offers theoretical support for research through design (RtD) by arguing that to legitimize and make use of research through design as research, HCI researchers need to explore and clarify how RtD objects contribute to knowledge. One way to pursue this goal is to leverage knowledge-producing tactics of the arts and humanities traditions of aesthetics, key among which is a community- wide and ongoing critical analysis of aesthetic objects. Along these lines, we argue that while the intentions of the object’s designer are important and annotations are a good mechanism to articulate them, the critical reception of objects can be equally generative of RtD’s knowledge impacts. Such a scholarly critical reception is needed because of the potential inexhaustibility of design objects’ meanings, their inability to be paraphrased adequately. Offering a multilevel analysis of the (critical) design fiction Menstruation Machine by Sputniko!, the paper explores how design objects co-produce knowledge, by working through complex design problem spaces in non-reductive ways, proposing new connections and distinctions, and embodying de- sign ideas and processes across time and minds.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This paper explores factors that lead to individuals’ adoption of the maker identity reproduced b... more This paper explores factors that lead to individuals’ adoption of the maker identity reproduced by a small-town hackerspace. This paper presents the findings of a 15-month ethnography of the hackerspace and a series of targeted interviews focused on the self-made tools of that hackerspace. These findings indicate that the formation of our subjects’ maker identities are shaped heavily by the individual’s ability to: use and extend tools; adopt an adhocist attitude toward projects and materials; and engage with the broader maker community. We also consider how a maker identity manifests itself in both making processes and visual stylizations of projects. We present and explore the formative roles of materials, the significances of imprecise tactics such as “futzing,” and the role of the hackerspace as a special place where “normal” attitudes and practices are suspended in favor of an alternative set.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
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Proceedings of the 27th international conference on …, Jan 1, 2009
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
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Abstract In spite of decades of research on virtual worlds, our understanding of one popular form... more Abstract In spite of decades of research on virtual worlds, our understanding of one popular form of virtual world behavior-raiding-remains limited. Raiding is important because it entails intense, high-risk, and complex collaborative behaviors in computer-mediated environments. This paper contributes to CSCW literature by offering a longitudinal analysis of raiding behavior using system data manually collected from the game world itself, comparing two raiding teams as they worked through the same content.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Proceedings of the 28th international …, Jan 1, 2010
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
CHI'08 extended abstracts on Human …, Jan 1, 2008
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Abstract This paper aims to enrich the design research community's notions of quality by turning ... more Abstract This paper aims to enrich the design research community's notions of quality by turning to the techniques and values of master craftspeople. We describe and analyze interviews conducted with elite craft practitioners in the US and Taiwan to consider how they perceive and produce quality. The crafters articulate a consensus view of interaction with integrity.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
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We present a qualitative study based on interviews with makers engaging in a variety of critical ... more We present a qualitative study based on interviews with
makers engaging in a variety of critical making activities.
As part of our attempt to understand what critical making is
and can be, we are investigating what motivates makers,
that is, seeking to understand the sorts of qualities that
make making sufficiently attractive or valuable to warrant
their participation. Whether making for themselves or to
share with others, for fun or functionality, we found that
empowerment, often defined in opposition to passive consumerism,
was a recurrent theme in our interviews. We
discuss the seemingly cyclical motivational and reward
functions of maker empowerment in guiding and encouraging
making activities, and consider the impact of a refined
understanding of “critical making” as it can be leveraged
and supported for future HCI research and design practice.
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