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Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India, 2023

International Annals of Criminology

This paper presents the empirical analysis from two Indian States to understand factors influenci... more This paper presents the empirical analysis from two Indian States to understand factors influencing the social reintegration of released prisoners. Samples of the study comprise 100 released prisoners who are currently under the probation system. The article identified stability in income, maintaining good relationships with the family and community, and membership in informal groups as four outcome variables of reintegration. The paper also identified seven factors – four factors concerning the stay at the prison and three factors concerning life after release – as capable of influencing the extent of reintegration. A reintegration index has been constructed to examine the relationship between reintegration and seven supporting factors that influence reintegration. The article also used a correlation matrix to analyse the relationship between the reintegration index and the contributing factors of reintegration. The paper suggests that factors such as visits by family members and p...

Research Papers in Economics, 2005

The present paper discusses the necessity of promoting income-generating activities (IGAs) under ... more The present paper discusses the necessity of promoting income-generating activities (IGAs) under micro-finance programmes. Under micro-finance programmes, the principle of joint liability ensures access to credit. In the absence of remunerative IGAs, peer pressure forces the members to borrow loans from various sources at the time of repayment and results in indebtedness. The present paper examines the factors influencing the members to undertake IGAs and puts forth some policies to promote productive activities.

Journal of Rural and Development, 2011

This paper examines the performance of tribal groups who constitute the poorest of the poor in th... more This paper examines the performance of tribal groups who constitute the poorest of the poor in the microfinance programme and the economically better-off nontribal groups in Wayanad district of Kerala. Based on the empirical data regarding various indicators of their participation, the paper suggests that the socio-economic backwardness of these tribal groups prevents them from accessing sufficient loans from microfinance programme and are unable to initiate income generating activities. As the loans availed of are utilised for consumption purposes, repayment of the microfinance loans are done by further borrowing from moneylenders and other sources, thus getting entrapped in a spiral of indebtedness

ISEC, 2008

This paper examines the patterns of loan utilisation and repayment among microfinance group membe... more This paper examines the patterns of loan utilisation and repayment among microfinance group members of Wayanad district of Kerala. It argues that 100 per cent repayment by members need not always indicate the success of group lending. As majority of the members have not undertaken income generating activities, the fear of social sanction and repeated interactions put pressure on them to depend on micro-finance loans at the time of repayment. The absence of alternative credit sources increases the financial dependence of the members over a period of their stay in micro-finance programme.

International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies

Cruise tourism, which was achieving an average growth always higher than the global economic grow... more Cruise tourism, which was achieving an average growth always higher than the global economic growth, had a global presence and saw participation from all the continents during this decade. The COVID-19 pandemic very adversely affected the global travel and tourism sector perhaps more than the other sectors of the economy. Since the time COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, in March 2020, the cruise tourism market went into a swift decline. The prospects of recovery of this market crucially hinges on how the pandemic is overcome and thereafter measures taken to rebuild confidence in the minds of the passengers. We present a sweep of cruise tourism in this paper covering the nature of the cruise market, demographic composition of passengers, challenges, and opportunities, and show the relevance of cruise tourism as an industry contributing to global tourism. We also dwell upon the internal and external risks and uncertainties experienced by the cruise industry. In the light of several me...

Amet International Journal of Management, 2015

Considering the growing global demand for seafarers and a greater need for women to contribute to... more Considering the growing global demand for seafarers and a greater need for women to contribute towards national output, this paper emphasises the need for a increased participation of women in seafaring jobs. Though international and national organisations are encouraging young women to take up a career in the maritime sector, unless a gender sensitive approach is employed to look into the emotional and physical challenges faced by women seafarers, these attempts will not result in desired outcomes. Higher participation of women can be expected only if a gender sensitive working atmosphere is created on board and an appropriate family support system is ensured on the shore.

Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping Taylor and Francis, 2021

Ship recycling operation is widely considered as one of the most hazardous activities in the ship... more Ship recycling operation is widely considered as one of the most hazardous activities in the shipbuilding industry due to environmental pollution and health risks to workers. Stringent environmental and labour compliance standards enforced over the past few decades in developed nations have substantially increased the costs, shifting the recycling operations to nations in the Global South where these operations entail lower cost. This paper provides an overview of the ship recycling industry and highlights the consequential adverse effects on environment and human beings in the nations engaged in ship recycling and also elaborates on the guidelines proposed by international organisations to address these issues. It is argued that unless the externalities on the environment and human health are not taken into account, a sustainable model of ship recycling cannot be achieved. The paper proposes the formation of a consortium by recycling nations particularly India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, whose synergies will help to safeguard the interests of the workforce and environment in these countries. A ship recycling industry fund, under the auspices of International Maritime Organisation exclusively for meeting the cost of ship recycling, is also mooted for consideration. The availability of this fund, along with efficient policy formulations initiated by the consortium of major ship recycling nations, can play a major role in addressing the externalities and turning the recycling operation environment-and labour-friendly.

Papers by emil mathew

Journal of the Indian Ocean region, Jul 13, 2024

The Recycling of Ships Act 2019 (RSA 2019) was inspired by the Hong Kong Convention for the Safe ... more The Recycling of Ships Act 2019 (RSA 2019) was inspired by the Hong Kong Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships 2009, and it aimed at setting standards for ship recycling and laying down a statutory mechanism for enforcing such standards. This paper discusses the relevance and the contextual factors that led to the formulation of the RSA 2019. The RSA has invited sharp criticism, stressing the need to make appropriate amendments to the Act to ensure a safe and sound recycling environment and safeguard the health of recycling workers. An analysis of the recent trends in the ship recycling market has been carried out in light of implementing the RSA. The long-term sustainability of the ship recycling operations requires the formation of a collective association of the recycling nations in South Asia, even though each nation may adopt independent regulations of its own.

Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping

ABSTRACT Ship recycling operation is widely considered as one of the most hazardous activities in... more ABSTRACT Ship recycling operation is widely considered as one of the most hazardous activities in the shipbuilding industry due to environmental pollution and health risks to workers. Stringent environmental and labour compliance standards enforced over the past few decades in developed nations have substantially increased the costs, shifting the recycling operations to nations in the Global South where these operations entail lower cost. This paper provides an overview of the ship recycling industry and highlights the consequential adverse effects on environment and human beings in the nations engaged in ship recycling and also elaborates on the guidelines proposed by international organisations to address these issues. It is argued that unless the externalities on the environment and human health are not taken into account, a sustainable model of ship recycling cannot be achieved. The paper proposes the formation of a consortium by recycling nations particularly India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, whose synergies will help to safeguard the interests of the workforce and environment in these countries. A ship recycling industry fund, under the auspices of International Maritime Organisation exclusively for meeting the cost of ship recycling, is also mooted for consideration. The availability of this fund, along with efficient policy formulations initiated by the consortium of major ship recycling nations, can play a major role in addressing the externalities and turning the recycling operation environment- and labour-friendly.