InspectApedia Diagnose & Fix What's Wrong at Your Building (original) (raw)

Photograph of a Drager hand pump used to measure carbon dioxide levels in the environment. Effects of Toxic Gas Exposure in buildings

Toxic gas exposure limits & standards in buildings

What are the effects on humans of exposure to various toxic gases that are found in buildings?

This document gives basic information about exposure to and potential health hazards from a number of common toxic gases that may be found indoors or in or around buildings.

We describe symptoms of exposure to these gases, industry recommendations for gas exposure limits, how gases may be measured, and how to track down and cure the sources of gas leaks in buildings.

InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.

- Daniel Friedman, Publisher/Editor/Author - See WHO ARE WE?

Potential Health Hazards of Exposure to Common Indoor Gases

Article Contents

Portions of this material are quoted from comments by Jack Peterson at a public CompuServe safety forum in 1987 when we first visited this topic. The material has been frequently updated through 2016.

Gas exposure hazard evaluation consists of comparing measurements of exposure (or dose) with exposures (doses) known to be safe or known to be hazardous. For the most part, because of biological variation, "no effect" levels are much easier to estimate than are "first effect" or other levels indicative of injury.

Watch out: When considering the possible toxicity or health hazards of exposure to gases in buildings, readers should note that

  1. Individual sensitivity and potential health effects on individuals may vary widely and
  2. There may be multiple (un-cited) recommended or allowable exposure limits coming from various sources.
  3. We have seen wide variation in allowable exposure limits, for example, for Carbon Monoxide permissible exposure limits -(CO PELs).

Of the several industrial hygiene standards-setting groups in this country, the most important and/or most quoted are the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

Only those standards promulgated by OSHA (called Permissible Exposure Limits or PELs) have the force of law; the others are advisory except that OSHA has claimed the power to force compliance with NIOSH "Recommended Standards" if it chooses to do so.

The main advantage of ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) is that they are reviewed and updated annually; neither NIOSH nor OSHA updates its standards with any regular frequency.

Health Hazards of some Gases, Jack E. Peterson, P.E., CIH, Ph.D., May, 1987

Ammonia Gas Exposure Hazards

Ammonia is very soluble in water and, in water, hydrolyzes to ammonium hydroxide, a strong base. These properties insure that ammonia gas is an upper respiratory tract and eye irritant. It dissolves in the water of mucous membranes (or tears), hydrolyzes and irritates rapidly mainly because of the high pH that results.

Because of this biological property of prompt irritation, most people cannot tolerate a concentration of ammonia in air sufficiently high to be harmful. Its warning properties assure a negligible hazard from ammonia inhalation if escape is possible.

As with formaldehyde and other good upper respiratory tract irritants, people can become "hardened" to the irritation of ammonia and after several exposures can tolerate much higher concentrations than can an unexposed individual.

Under some circumstances, a hardened person can accept an exposure that will result in inflammation of the throat, bronchi, and possibly eyes. An exposure to 300 to 500 ppm for 30 to 60 minutes would cause such an effect and might be hazardous to health.

The current TLV for ammonia is 25 ppm with a short-term exposure limit of 35 ppm. Both were designed to be low enough to cause no irritation in unhardened people. The OSHA PEL for ammonia is 50 ppm, as is the NIOSH Recommended Standard.

Ammonia Gas Properties, Exposure Pathology, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

The following information about exposure to ammonia gas hazards is based on information from U.S. Army Field Manual 8-285 Chapter 10, Noxious Chemicals:

Physical Properties of ammonia:

Ammonia is a colorless gas, soluble in water, with a pungent odor. Liquid ammonia is a vesicant.

Occurrence if Ammonia gas in Military Operations or in Civilian Environments:

Ammonia gas has not been used in warfare but may be encountered in industrial accidents, bombings involving refrigeration plants, and holds of ships as a product of decomposing material.

Pathology of Human Exposure to Ammonia or Ammonia Gas

Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia produces prompt and violent irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. There may be spasm a nd edema of the glottis or necrosis of the laryngeal mucous membranes. Pulmonary edema may develop and may be complicated by bronchopneumonia.

Symptoms of Exposure to Ammonia or Ammonia Gas

High concentrations produce violent, burning pain in the eyes and nose, lacrimation, sneezing, pain in the chest, cough, spasm of the glottis, and pulmonary edema.

Often there is a temporary reflex cessation of respiration with spasm of the glottis. Edema of the glottis at a later period may seriously interfere with breathing. Concentrations of 0.1 percent are intolerable to humans.

Treatment for Exposure to Ammonia Gas

Treatment for ammonia gas exposure consists of prompt removal to pure air and administration of assisted ventilation. Later measures are directed toward the treatment of pulmonary edema, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

Prognosis for Humans Exposed to Ammonia Gas

The mortality for people exposed to ammonia gas is high following severe exposure. With low concentrations, recovery is usually rapid although bronchitis may persist.

Arsine Gas Exposure Hazards - Arsenic Hydride in & Around Buildings

Arsenic poisoning source in antique green wallpaper (C) Daniel Friedmn at InspectApedia.comArsine is arsenic hydride, the combination of arsenic metal and hydrogen gas.

Arsine is a water-soluble gas.

It is given off whenever freshly-generated hydrogen contacts metallic arsenic especially in an acid environment.

Watch out: Some antique green wallpaper pigments interact with some molds to release poisonous arsenic.

Photo: arsenic green used to produce green colors in antique wallpaper can be a source of assenci poisoning, particularly during wallpaper removal but also where this wallpaper is present in humid conditions or where moisture and mold on the wallpaper combine to release arsine gas.

[Click to enlarge any image]

Details about arsenic hazards in and around buildings are found at

ARSENIC HAZARDS at BUILDINGS

Watch out: arsenic has also been found used in covers of some antique books.

Bromine Gas Exposure Hazards

Bromine is the only halogen that is a liquid at room temperature. Its color is a dark rust red as a liquid and as a gas. As opposed to the "upper respiratory tract" irritants and "lower respiratory tract" irritants, bromine is a "whole respiratory tract" irritant.

That is, its main effects are exerted on the deep lung and may be delayed for some time after the exposure, but it does have far better warning properties than do the lower respiratory tract irritants such as nitrogen dioxide, phosgene, and ozone. Bromine causes eye irritation and lacrimation (tearing) in concentrations below 1 ppm but above the TLV (and PEL) of 0.1 ppm.

Concentrations irritating to the eyes should not be tolerated for more than 15 minutes. Prolonged overexposure to bromine can cause dizziness, headache, and cough followed by abdominal pain and, later, lung edema and pneumonia if the exposure is severe enough.

None of these signs/symptoms is at all likely, however, if irritation (eye or respiratory tract) is used as a warning to leave the area of exposure.

Carbon Dioxide Gas Exposure Hazards

The highest TLV (and PEL) assigned to any material is assigned to carbon dioxide, namely 5000 ppm (NIOSH has recommended a Standard of 1.0% or 10 000 ppm for a 10-hr work shift with a ceiling of 3.0% or 30 000 ppm for any 10-min period). Furthermore, these concentrations are far more an expression of good practice than a line between "safe" and "dangerous."

Actually, the concentration of carbon dioxide must be over about 2% (20 000 ppm) before most people are aware of its presence unless the odor of an associated material (auto exhaust or fermenting yeast, for instance) is present at lower concentrations.

Above 2%, carbon dioxide may cause a feeling of heaviness in the chest and/or more frequent and deeper respirations.

If exposure continues at that level for several hours, minimal "acidosis" (an acid condition of the blood) may occur but more frequently is absent.

As the carbon dioxide concentration climbs above a few percent, the concentration of oxygen in the air inhaled begins to be affected. At 6% carbon dioxide, for instance, the concentration of oxygen in air has decreased from 20.96 to 19.9%.

OSHA has indicated that the lowest oxygen concentration for shift-long exposure is 19.5%, corresponding to a carbon dioxide concentration well above 60 000 ppm (6%). Carbon dioxide concentration, not oxygen concentration, is limiting in such circumstances.

Details about Carbon Dioxide Poisoning:

See **CARBON DIOXIDE GAS TOXICITY HAZARD LEVELS **[web pabge] poisoning symptoms, & testing.

Our CO2 hazard articles include:

Carbon Monoxide Gas Exposure Hazards

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that, physiologically, is a chemical asphyxiant. When inhaled, it combines with hemoglobin more readily than does oxygen, displacing oxygen from hemoglobin and thereby interfering with oxygen transport by the blood.

A person suffering from carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication may first experience euphoria (similar to the effect of a martini or two), then headache, followed by nausea and possibly vomiting as the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood increases.

To prevent these effects, OSHA has established a PEL of 50 ppm for an 8-hr exposure, identical to the TLV. NIOSH, on the other hand, has decided to be more conservative and recommends a standard of 35 ppm. All of these concentrations refer to exposures with durations of 8 hr/day, 40 hr/week for a working lifetime and all are attempts to establish a "no effect" level.

Details about Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:

See **CARBON MONOXIDE GAS TOXICITY **[web pagbe] hazard levels, poisoning symptoms, & testing

Our CO hazard articles also include:

Fluorine Gas Hazards

Formldehyde Gas Exposure Effects & Hazards

Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Exposure Effects

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may be found or produced in buildings from a variety of sources and may be noticed as a sulfur, or rotten egg smell or even as a flatulence odor.

Health Effects of Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide gas

NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 100 ppm

Potential symptoms:

Apnea; coma; convulsions; irritated eyes, conjunctivitis pain, lacrimation, photophobia, corneal vesiculation; respiratory system irritation; dizziness; headaches; fatigue; insomnia; GI disturbances

Health Effects:

Acute systemic toxicity (HE4); CNS effects (HE7) Irritation-Eye, (Conjunctivitis), Lungs---Moderate (HE15)

In low concentrations (less than 0.15 mg per liter), hydrogen sulfide may produce inflammation of the eyes, nose, and throat if breathed for periods of 1/2 to 1 hour. Higher concentrations (0.75 mg per liter or greater) are rapidly fatal, presumably by combination of the hydrogen sulfide with the respiratory tissue pigments and the subsequent paralysis of the respiratory center.

The symptoms depend upon the concentration of the gas. At the lowest concentrations, the effects are chiefly on the eyes; that is, conjunctivitis, swollen eyelids, itchiness, smarting, pain, photophobia, and blurring of vision.

At higher concentrations, respiratory tract symptoms are more pronounced. Rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and bronchitis may occur. Pulmonary edema may result. At very high concentrations, unconsciousness, convulsions, and cessation of respiration rapidly develop.\

Watch out: Higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas (0.75 mg per liter or greater) are rapidly fatal, presumably by combination of the hydrogen sulfide with the respiratory tissue pigments and the subsequent paralysis of the respiratory center. - U.S. Army Field Manual 8-285 Chapter 10, Noxious Chemicals

Affected organs: Respiratory system, eyes

Details about hydrogen sulfide sources in buildings are in these articles

Question:

(Jan 21, 2016) Garry Boucher said:
What are the health affects of long term exposure (10 years) to Hydrogen Sulphide from a vent pipe which was allowed to vent into a roof cavity. The venting gases, from a septic tank, found their way to bathroom and toilet exhaust vents and contaminated the rooms below those vents.

Reply:

Gary

Please take a look at the Hydrogen Sulfide exposure effects described in the article above. There you will find several links to in-depth articles on just this topic.

Naturally from just your e-text we can't know the level of exposure of individual in the building to the gas you describe.

I'd also look into possible mold and moisture problems in the attic and its insulation .

References for Hydrogen Sulfide gas exposure

Methane Gas (CH4) Exposure Effects

Please see these articles on methane gas hazards:

Nitrogen Gas Exposure Hazards

While nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) are the two main components of the air that we breathe, exposure to abnormally-high "pure" nitrogen levels can lead to unconsciousness and even asphyxiation as was reported by OSHA and listed in Safety and Health Magazine in December 2021 - shown below.

A malfunctioning freezer released nitrogen, a gas that is odorless and colorless, displacing oxygen in a freezer room at a Gainsville Georgia poultry processing plant. Six people died and at least twelve others were injured, requiring hospitalization.

Freezer deaths from nitrogen exposure, Safety+Health Magazine December 2021 pp 33-34, cited at InspectApedia.com

Source: "Penalty BOx", Safety+Health Magazine, December 2021, pp. 33-34, where the magaine provides a list of OSHA's highest proposed monetary penalities in the year 2021, relating penalties arising from a single accident or related incidents in which one or more employers are alleged to have failed to adhere to safe working practice.

- Safety+Health, an NSC Publication, December 2021, original source: https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/ext/resources/files/current-digital-edition.htm?utm\_source=cds-ACGIH&utm\_medium=email&utm\_campaign=diged

Nitrogen Oxides Gas Exposure Effects & Hazards

Nitric oxide, when inhaled, combines with hemoglobin to form nitrosohemoglobin, a carboxyhemoglobin-like material that rather rapidly is oxidized to methemoglobin.

That is, its main effect is to inhibit transportation of oxygen by the blood. Its TLV and PEL are both 25 ppm.

Nitrogen dioxide is a deep lung irritant.

WHO guidelines on NOx cited below and including results of animal testing discuss other hazards including including changes in lung metabolism, structure, function, inflammation and host defence against infectious pulmonary disease.

See details at

Key chapters in this document evaluate the latest scientific data on (a) health effects of NOx measured ill laboratory animals and exposed human populatIOns and (b) effects of NOx on agricultural crops, forests, and ecosystems, as well as (c) NOx effects on visibility and nonbiological materials.
Other chapters describe the nature, sources, distribution, measurement, and concentratiOns of NOx m the environment These chapters were prepared and peer revived by experts from various state and Federal government offices, academia, and private industry for use by EPA to support decision makIng regarding potentIal risks to public health and the environment Although the document is not intended to be an exhaustIve literature reVIew, It IS intended to cover all the pertinent literature through early 1993

Ozone Gas Exposure Hazards

Ozone is a kind (called an "allotrope") of oxygen . It is formed in the ionosphere by the action of ultraviolet radiation from sunlight on oxygen. Lightning strokes are another natural source of ozone and the characteristic odor of that material can often be noted during and after a thunderstorm.

When pollutants are emitted into the air either by man or nature, almost all are eventually removed by one or more of several processes including reaction under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. One series of such reactions results in the formation of ozone as a "secondary" (formed by reaction in the air) air pollutant, often in rather high concentrations (several tenths of a part per million).

As ozone can be formed by nature's sparks (lightning), it can also be formed by man's. Whenever an electrical spark or corona occurs in air, some ozone is formed. This accounts for the characteristic odor noted near an operating electric motor such as an electric shaver.

Because ozone is found in so many places, its toxicity (ability to injure a living organism by other than mechanical means) has been investigated extensively since the early 1900s.

Experimentation has shown that the odor of ozone can be detected and identified by most people at a concentration of from 0.02 to 0.05 ppm (parts ozone per million parts air + ozone). As the concentration increases to a few tenths of a part per million, the first effect noted is likely to be a feeling of dryness in the back of the throat.

If a concentration on the order of 0.2 or 0.3 ppm is inhaled more or less continuously for several hours to a few days some lung irritation may result.

Higher concentrations of ozone can produce several kinds of toxic effects if exposures are sufficiently prolonged. Eye irritation (despite newspaper and TV accounts seemingly indicating otherwise) occurs only at concentrations high enough to result in other, more severe, toxic effects.

Ozone is a very reactive substance. It will readily react with just about any material capable of being oxidized, and with many that are not. The material with which it reacts may be a gas or vapor, a particle floating in the air (a mold spore, for example), or a solid (or liquid) surface.

For this reason, when ozone is present in most enclosed spaces its concentration declines quite rapidly with time.

Of course, if ozone is being generated more rapidly than it is destroyed by reaction, its concentration can build up. This is the main reason why devices that produce relatively large amounts of ozone are safe only in relatively large enclosures and why the ozone generation rate should be reduced in small enclosures.

Ozone is well known for its ability to eliminate certain odors. How this is accomplished is controversial. At concentrations just above the odor threshold, some odors do seem to vanish. The main reason for this may be ozone's ability to desensitize the olfactory apparatus so that the odors can no longer be perceived.

Some evidence indicates that this may be the case at least occasionally. Other evidence indicates that ozone may react with the odor-causing substances, eliminating them from the air (this is probably the only mechanism that operates when concentrations are below the odor threshold).

Finally, some people have insisted that even if ozone does not paralyze the olfactory sense, its odor is such that it "masks" other odors. Perhaps all three mechanisms operate, each in its own area of effectiveness. As with all other materials, ozone has a dose-effect relationship with a threshold. That is, once the threshold dose has been exceeded, toxic effects are proportional to dose.

For inhaled gases, dose is proportional to both time and concentration. If the duration of exposures cannot be controlled (as is usually the case), then the concentration must be kept low enough so that no injury will occur even from prolonged and repeated exposures.

For ozone, that "threshold" concentration is 0.1 ppm. So long as concentrations are kept at or below that level, injury is not expected even in the most sensitive workers so long as their exposure durations coincide reasonably well with or are less than the 8 hr/day, 40 hr/wk regimen. This "threshold" level is accepted by the American Conference of Government al Industrial Hygienists (and is called the Threshold Limit Value by that organization) and by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA.

The TLV or OSHA's Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) is not a fine line between safe and non-safe. Instead, it represents the best judgment of a group of experts of the highest concentration that can be inhaled repeatedly by a population of workers with no resulting injury.

Higher concentrations may or may not have any particular effect on a specific individual.

Ozone is a highly toxic gas but even highly toxic substances can be encountered safely. The main concern with this material is that concentrations to which people are exposed do not average more than 0.1 ppm over an 8-hr day, and do not exceed that value by more than a factor of 2 or 3 during the exposure.

See OZONE WARNINGS - Use of Ozone as a "mold" remedy is ineffective and may be dangerous.

Our complete list of articles about ozone can be found

at OZONE HAZARDS - home

Propane Gas or LP Gas Exposure Hazards

Please see details at PROPANE GAS EXPOSURE EFFECTS - separate article

The greatest LP gas or propane gas exposure risk other than fire or explosion, would be not the exposure to LP gas or propane gas itself but the prolonged absence of sufficient oxygen if someone is enclosed in a space with high concentration of propane. No long term exposure health risks associated with LP gas or propane have been reported at low concentrations.

Propylene Gas Exposure Hazards

Propylene is a simple asphyxiant (that is, it acts by dilution of oxygen) and a rather poor anesthetic. Extremely high concentrations are required to produce any effect at all.

No TLV or PEL has ever been established for this material and NIOSH has not recommended a Standard. Its lower explosive limit is 2% in air (the upper is 11.1%) and a reasonable value for a maximum permissible concentration (suggested by Gerarde in Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, vol 2, p. 1204, Interscience, New York, 1963) is 1/5 of the LEL or 4000 ppm.

Refrigerant Gas Toxicity & Gas Exposure Hazards

Reader Question: are refrigerant leaks dangerous?

14 March 2016 Sarah said:

Is refrigerant leakage dangerous in any way?

This question was posted originally

at REFRIGERANT DIAGNOSTIC FAQS

Reply:

Yes, Sarah, refrigerant gases can be fatal, though the probability of a fatal exposure level of refrigerant gas in a home from a home appliance is probably close to zero - there's not that much refrigerant gas in a typical home appliance.

Here are the details: While refrigerant gases are rather inert and non-toxic, they can replace oxygen. As a result, if you were in a very small space inside which the concentration or level of refrigerant gas became too high, you might not sense any problem but you could become asphyxiated by lack of oxygen - a condition referred-to as anoxia. Such cases are rare but possible.

Below I cite research confirming that the risks of fatality from high concentrations of refrigerant gases are not just theory. These hazards have been understood at least since the 1930's and probably earlier.

Sulfur Dioxide Gas Exposure Hazards & Effects

See SULPHUR DIOXIDE GAS TOXICITY for details.

For sulfur dioxide, the TLV had been 5.0 ppm for many years, but in 1978 ACGIH announced its intention to reduce that TLV to 2.0 ppm; that was done in 1980.

Question: Odors in my home: I'm being stalked. Am I being poisoned?

(Oct 20, 2015) Kay Quinn said:
I have been stalked for 4 months. In the last 3 weeks an odor has appeared in the house that causes headaches and vomiting. Can this detect if I am being poisoned?

Reply:

Kay:

You first need to take this concern to your doctor. If she agrees that indoor environment conditions could be causing your symptoms you need an onsite expert to inspect and if appropriate test your home for possible causes. If your doctor believes it's appropriate, then an industrial hygienist familiar with residential hazards of a similar environmental inspector might be found

at CONSULTANTS & EXPERTS DIRECTORIES

To address your concern about being stalked, you should call your local police department for help and advice.

Question: I need help troubleshooting smells, poisons and toxics that may be in the walls of my home after a leak.

(Oct 23, 2016) Jill said:

My family & I have been sick for 2 months. My 10yr old daughter has suffered far more than the rest of us. No one could diagnosis her. Her eyes hurt,her body hurt,she had bubbles throughout her body & vibrations.

Throat pain,choking sensation, & the feeling of someone sitting on her. She was getting rashes & finally a doctor tested her for pneumonia. It came back positive. The day of her last dose her symptoms came back with a vengeance. Her eyes were way more painful, had floaters,flashes of lights/stars,on & on.

Doctors said anxiety. I began to get sick during all of this & thought anxiety for myself. My heart raced. Had chest pain & it worsened with activity. I began to think mold. My husband said maybe carbon monoxide. So I had the gas company out because we have since moving in,smelled poo.

Gas company found nothing. My husband has a meter that was picking up combustible gases so I called public utilities out. His meter didn't & told me I was paranoid. So my husband called a plumber friend. He said to run water through the vents for sewer gas. 1st one nothing. 2nd one drenched me. C

alled fire department & they said get out. Landlord is a weird guy. He came out though & knew exactly where to cut to fix the pipe. It was severed in half. We've been living in this house for 2 months & I homeschool so we rarely leave. The next day we returned to the house but immediately began feeling the same pain & symptoms. We could still smell it too but th e meter wasn't picking it up.

Oh-I found an neuro-ophthalmologist right before we had the discovery & she said my daughter has a traumatic brain injury. She said it can be caused by methane/carbon monoxide/gases poisoning. My lungs burn. Xray was clear but I hurt so much.

Questions: can the poisons stay in the walls/items even after the pipe was repaired? CDC seems to think so. And, seeing I am & my daughter is still experiencing symptoms after leaving, does it mean it's chronic? We are going to a neurologist but I know my lungs hurt so bad. She had bubbles that make me think that she had venous air embolism. I feel so blessed none of us died.

The sewer pipe was completely cut in half. My other 2 children also have symptoms similar to ours but are a little less severe. None of our symptoms are getting better even after a few days away. Like I said as soon as we reentered,it hit us so hard we had to leave.
Thanks for any help.

Reply:

Jill,

No one can safely diagnose a serious indoor environmental hazard simply by reviewing text. You need an on-site expert.

However I can say that in my opinion gases are not likely to remain long-term in a building once the gas Source has been found and corrected.

I should add a, however, that if there was a sewage leak or if there was another source of mold or indoor pathogens or contaminants such as particles or chemicals, those could remain in the building even after the original source has been removed.

For example a sewage backup could leave hazardous bacteria and other pathogens and even hazardous heavy metals in the building.

The fact remains If You observe a strong odor as soon as you enter a building then almost certainly there's a source that has not been found and corrected.

General Gas Exposure Toxicity Research & Standards

...

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Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above

Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.

Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs

Is it safe to use a propane stove as a primary source of heat inside an rv? -

Sandi:

DO NOT use a propane gas stove as an RV heater. Doing so is likely to kill you and other occupants.

See PROPANE GAS EXPOSURE EFFECTS for details

bbq blow out accident stood over gas for 5 minutes on Back varanda got dizzy and throat went numb. throat still feeling tight and numb would lpg do this -

Reply by mod:

Possibly, yes depending on the level of exposure

Recommended type of allergy test after severe symptoms experienced from accidental inhalationof isoflurane gas in a science lab while doing surgeries on rats over period of hours. Cant find much in literature, or recommended source to consult. Would 1/100 be best? Thanks

I live in a Senior Apartment complex and could an old refrigerator be the source of debilitating toxic fumes? mouth, nose and throat burns. Headache and dizzy.

Electric heat and no gas in building operation. Could Fire Extingers be a toxic leak?
Carbon Monoxide has been tested and ruled out. These gases has an odor of car fumes. Any suggestions? This is nearly killing me.

Lois,

Refrigerant gases themselves, the gas used in your refrigerator to make it cold, are odorless, colorless, and basically not toxic unless the gas concentration is so great that you lack oxygen.

And if the refrigerator were leaking out its refrigerant, very quickly it would simply stop working - its motor would run but the fridge and freezer would no longer be cold.

On the other hand, if there have been food leaks or mold growth in or on the refrigerator, those could be a source of indoor air and respiratory complaints.

The rest of your question sounds as if you're suffering, have no idea what is the probable source or cause, and are "shotgunning" by guessing or asking about everything. I agree that in tracking down a building air quality problem it's important to be open to possibly-unanticipated problem sources.

But watch out lest you hire someone to check a specific thing that you've just guessed about - it could be a costly waste of money.

Start by making sure that

- you have working smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors working and properly installed

- there is no visible mold contamination

- there are no food, animal, or other cleanups needed

- your doctor agrees that your health complaints are likely to have an environmental cause or contributor

Before hiring anyone or paying for "tests" you will want to discuss your concerns with the "expert" to be sure that s/he understands your worries, has an organized approach, and is not going to simply stop by to perform some "air tests" that may be superficial, lack adequate visual inspection and case history background, and thus are not diagnostic.

Keep us posted, what you learn may help others.

Question:
Is there a BS reference for how far away from a party wall a Flue for a Gas Condensing Boiler should be ? Thankyou

to Lois
Check whether your neighbour flue gas emissions are coming into you. Your problem sounds like ours.

Thanks for the helpful info

...

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