JoEED IoBM | IOBM - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by JoEED IoBM
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This report introduces an innovative research project about the dialogue among teacher trainees f... more This report introduces an innovative research project about the dialogue among teacher trainees from UK, Norway and Pakistan, about a literary work, in a virtual environment. This project involved us, fi ve English in Education academics from the three contexts, as researchers who gathered, analysed and reported on the international data collaboratively. We refl ect on our experience as international researchers and the benefi ts we found in this type of association across borders for future teachers. This work has implications for teacher education and the methodologies used can be benefi cial for future researchers and teacher educators.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Entrepreneurship is considered as a solution to unemployment. It is believed that Entrepreneurial... more Entrepreneurship is considered as a solution to unemployment. It is believed that Entrepreneurial Self-Effi cacy (ESE) is imperative for a person to be an entrepreneur. This study aims to examine the determinants of ESE among university students in Pakistan. This is one of the fundamental constructs in the psychology of entrepreneurship research and often integrated in entrepreneurial intentions models to explain why some persons are more likely than others to become entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial Self-Effi cacy Scale prepared by Chen, Greene, and Crick (1998) was used in this study for collecting data. Total 800 questionnaires were distributed among conveniently selected students out of which 742 completely fi lled questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 92.75%. The results revealed a signifi cant difference between bachelor and master class students in terms of ESE. The model R-squared indicated that 5.7 percent of the variation in the ESE is explained by the personal characteristics. The paper concludes by pointing out some limitations of the study and discussing the possible effect of personal characteristics on ESE.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between school climate and teachers' ... more The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between school climate and teachers' commitment and the impact of key dimensions of school climate, which are collegial leadership, academic achievement, teachers' professionalism and institutional vulnerability on teachers' commitment. These factors are directly related with effi ciency and effectiveness of school. Organizational Climate Index (OCI) developed by Hoy, Smith, and Sweetland and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday, Steers, and Porter were used as the survey instruments. Data were collected from 230 elementary private school teachers for the study. The results indicated a relationship between school climate and teacher's commitment. The results of the regression analysis revealed that the collegial leadership and institutional vulnerability are the predictors of teachers' commitment. The fi ndings of the study can contribute to develop insights for school administrators and principals to make necessary interventions to develop a positive school climate.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Research indicates that student achievement enhances if coupled with information and communicatio... more Research indicates that student achievement enhances if coupled with information and communication technology (ICT). However, regardless of its extreme importance, there are examples of ICT underuse across all levels of classroom teaching and learning in Pakistan. Evidence from previous research studies suggests that teachers' perceptions, attitudes and motivation towards ICT determine the practical use of ICT in classroom teaching. The aim of this study was to fi nd the effect of university teachers' perceptions, attitude, and motivation towards their readiness for the integration of ICT in their classroom teaching. A sample of 377 university teachers from 51 higher education institutions responded to the survey instrument. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis. The analysis of data revealed a statistically signifi cant effect of university teachers' perceptions, attitude and motivation towards teachers' readiness for the integration of ICT in their classroom teaching. Based on the fi ndings, the study recommends that university teachers with basic ICT literacy should be encouraged to have a positive attitude toward technology use for discharging professional responsibilities.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
English being the offi cial language is a source of prestige and necessary for recognition in Pak... more English being the offi cial language is a source of prestige and necessary for recognition in Pakistan. Research studies usually debate the positive and negative infl uence of English on students in developing countries. However, the concept of desire attached with acquiring English is a less explored area. The present study attempts to understand the desire of Pakistani students majoring in English, for understanding their meaning-making for selecting English as their major. Using qualitative method, the data were collected through interviews, focus groups and mind-maps of students. The study participants were undergraduate students in a public university in the capital city Islamabad. The data were recorded, transcribed and coded using constructivist grounded theory for obtaining themes. The fi ndings revealed that the youth's association with English language is not just for gaining prestige; rather, they share deeper affi liations with includes a desire for acquiring the native persona, attaining global solidarity and achieving communicative competence. The attached desire with English language and its literature can have positive effect on students' motivation to excel in their studies; however, unrealistic desires can harm students. The fi ndings of the study hence, add to improvement in English language instruction and understanding of desires among the students.
Journal of Education and Educational Development , 2019
International Student Mobility (ISM) is progressively becoming a signifi cant aspect of the highe... more International Student Mobility (ISM) is progressively becoming a signifi cant aspect of the higher education scenario. The universal higher education milieu has undergone a tremendous change due to ISM as the number of students going abroad for higher education is growing incessantly with every passing year. Pakistan is a developing country that has experienced increasing ISM in the last forty years. Despite all academic and professional opportunities available to students, they desire to go abroad for higher education and settle down there, causing brain drain in the country. This research study attempts to identify the determinants of international student mobility from the perspective of either students, who are in the process of enrolling in international universities or those who are aspiring to go abroad for higher studies. This study used qualitative research approach based on interpretivism paradigm. A total of 14 students from different public and private sector universities participated, out of which nine were male and fi ve were female with ages between 18 and 24 years approximately. Thematic analysis was used to Perceptions of International Student Mobility Vol. 6 No. 2 (December 2019) 270
Journal of Education and Educational Development , 2019
This research was aimed at discovering the levels of job stress among Early Childhood Education (... more This research was aimed at discovering the levels of job stress among Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers of Karachi and the contribution of their marital status on job stress. The research method was quantitative in nature, for which two hypotheses were formed. First hypothesis assumed that the ECE teachers of Karachi would have a signifi cant level of job stress and the second assumed that there would be a noteworthy dissimilarity between the scores of job stress of married and single teachers of ECE. For this purpose, 127 single and married ECE teachers from schools of Karachi responded to an adapted form of Job Stress Inventory (JSI), which measured their level of overall job stress. The results revealed that the ECE teachers of private schools of Karachi did not face any signifi cant level of job stress and both, married and single ECE teachers experienced the same level of stress at job.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological wellbeing of public and private univer... more The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological wellbeing of public and private university teachers in Pakistan. Psychological wellbeing is generally conceptualized as an interaction of positive effects such as happiness and optimal functioning of people in social and individual areas of life. Using multistage sampling technique, 437 university teachers in four public and private universities each were sampled for this study. Psychological Wellbeing Scale previously validated by Akin (2012) and others comprising 30 statements with 7 point Likert scale was adapted by the researchers. The study found that overall, male and female university teachers perceived similar level of psychological wellbeing. Female teachers; however, perceived higher score in different factors such as developing positive relations and self-acceptance. Unmarried teachers perceived more purposeful life and personal growth than married teachers, while married teachers perceived more autonomy than unmarried teachers. Further, the teachers did not signifi cantly differ on psychological wellbeing based on their university location (public and private) and their teaching experience. The study found that teachers with higher ranks and designation signifi cantly differed in their wellbeing than their colleagues with lower ranks.
Journal of Education and Educational Development , 2019
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is a relatively recent advancement in the distance learning a... more Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is a relatively recent advancement in the distance learning and online education. With the strategic collaboration of the founders of MOOC (MIT and Harvard University), many universities and institutions across the world offer a variety of courses in numerous domains. MOOCs have disrupted the global education sector by providing free to subsidized inclusive education. These include state-of-the-art pedagogies, assessment tools and interactive cum engaging learning sessions. This article aims to discover the opportunities and inclinations of adult students in Pakistan toward MOOC, especially their awareness, perceptions, peer and mentor advice and self-motivation and commitment to do such courses. The study deployed in-depth interviews under phenomenology approach using Delphi method for this study. Twenty-four students from management sciences department of a leading university in Karachi were selected: 12 who had done courses through MOOC and 12 who had never done any course on MOOC. Ten experts on distance education and online education were selected through snowball sampling method for the study. The fi ndings uncovered that the inclination of the students towards MOOC is at its inception stage.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Though vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) have drawn continuous attention in SLA research in th... more Though vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) have drawn continuous attention in SLA research in the past three decades, there remain many unanswered questions, many unknown caveats and many unexplored regions. Quite a few historical reviews of vocabulary learning strategies have been undertaken by researchers over the past years, tracing its growth over the years. However, no research until now has captured the VLS profile of learners from diverse ESL/EFL backgrounds and presented an analysis from a geographical point of view. This study aims to capture the VLS profile of the diverse learners and takes up the task of the geographical review of vocabulary learning strategies landscaping the VLS research over many countries. For this purpose, the researcher has chosen specifically the research happening in the backdrop of ESL/EFL contexts. Fourteen papers have been selected for review belonging to Philippine, Turkey, Algeria, Iran, Malaysia, Congo, China, India, Sudan, Libya and The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A detailed analysis reveals not only the juggling between the experiential and traditional modes of vocabulary learning but also the reasons behind the insufficient vocabulary size of the learners in myriad contexts.
Journal of Education and Educational Developement, 2019
21 st Century learner can be described as 'technowiredcompuchildren'. This refers to youth focuse... more 21 st Century learner can be described as 'technowiredcompuchildren'. This refers to youth focused inquiry based learning system offered at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU). All learning systems involve the successful completion of high quality assignments indicating that the student has done additional reading beyond the course material and has made out all-out-effort towards completing assignments with ingenuity. The Commonwealth youth program (CYP), Post Graduate Diploma in 'Youth in Development Work' played a significant role in promoting the student's based reading cum writing, speaking and listening skills, motivated thinking process and above capacity for critical thinking. This paper provides an insight into the value of completing high quality assignments at one's own initiative.
Journal of Education and Educational Developement, 2019
The study aims to investigate authentic leadership attributes (ALA) and its relationship with cla... more The study aims to investigate authentic leadership attributes (ALA) and its relationship with classroom management. The objectives of the study were to investigate ALA of the university leaders and teachers; and to measure the relationship between ALA and classroom engagement at university level. 6975 university leaders and teachers constituted the population of the study. The selected sample of the study was 967. The mixed method approach (convergent parallel design) was employed to collect information from the sample through modified form of Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) developed by Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardener, Wernsing and Peterson (2008); and in-depth interviews. Analysis was done with Mean, STD, Pearson's rank correlation and thematic analysis. The r value between authentic leadership attributes and classroom management in public sector universities is (r = .355) which shows medium relationship while (r = .519) shows large correlation in private sector universities which are highly significant as shown by the significant level (.000). These values show that relationship between ALA and classroom management in private sector universities is higher than public sector. It was found that r value (.426) which was significant at .000 showed significant medium correlations between ALA and classroom engagement at university. Based on the results, it is recommended that it may be well to conduct a research study on the authentic leadership at primary, secondary and higher secondary level, both at private and public sectors as these areas are in great need of authentic leadership because these sectors suffered a lot due to the unethical attitude of the leaders.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This research was conducted to determine the effects of activity-based teaching on student motiva... more This research was conducted to determine the effects of activity-based teaching on student motivation and academic achievement. Pretest and post-test control group design of experimental research was employed for this study. Two MCQ achievement tests were used as research tools for the data collection as pre-test and post-test. The first step in this project was to gather information about what motivates students to learn. Pre-test was conducted from both groups and results were tabulated. The second step of the project was to examine the effect of hands-on activities on student motivation and for analysis MCQ achievement test was used along with specially designed work sheets from both groups. T-test was used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that a majority of students’ scores increased in experimental group as compared to the control group. The mean value indicated that participants from experimental group showed more achievement in post-test 15.6, while the control group students scored 10.7. The post-lesson survey showed that the majority students found the activity based teaching to be more interesting than lecture based teaching.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This study explored school heads' perceptions regarding their school leadership styles. The study... more This study explored school heads' perceptions regarding their school leadership styles. The study adopted a qualitative research design. The sample of the study consisted of 10 male and 10 female head teachers from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that school heads adopted a number of leadership styles. The main leadership styles included instructional leadership, transformational leadership and moral leadership. These different leadership styles were adopted keeping in view the needs of different situations that heads found themselves working in. The study has important implications for school management, schoolteachers, researchers and policy makers.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This study was conducted to examine the relationship between metacognitive awareness of reading s... more This study was conducted to examine the relationship between metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (MARS), and academic attainments (AA) of undergraduate business students. It also investigated the relationship between reading practices (RP) and MARS. There are three different categories of MARS-global, problem solving, and support reading strategies. The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI), developed by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002) was used as the instrument for this study where the sample consisted of 571 male and female students of undergraduate business program from private and public universities of Karachi. The results showed Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies significantly predicts academic attainments of university students. The findings suggest that conducting workshops or training sessions for promoting MARS may be helpful to enhance students' concentration towards the reading process that may affect their learning.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 and our various educational policies have given clear directio... more The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 and our various educational policies have given clear direction on aims of our education system, which should be based on Islamic principles. However, since independence, Pakistan is still unable to devise a system of education the aims of which are derived from Qur’an and Sunnah as mandated by the constitution. As such a dire need is felt to understand the aims and objectives education from our ideological perspective. It has been generally agreed that Al-Ghazali’s thoughts comply with the Qur’anic principles, he is well accepted by vast strata of Muslims in Pakistan and appreciated by west as well. Accordingly, this qualitative study explored educational aims and objectives from Al-Ghazali’s thoughts and philosophy, using content analysis of various writings of and on Al-Ghazali. Based on this research, we can conclude that aim of Islamic education should be associated with the aim of a person’s life. The aim of a Muslim’s life is the success in the life hereafter. Based on this fundamental assumption and guideline provided by Al-Ghazali, we can develop aims and objectives of Islamic education as directed in the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Teachers in the recent fast transforming technological era are required to regularly upgrade thei... more Teachers in the recent fast transforming technological era are required to regularly upgrade their knowledge, skills and attitudes to meet the needs of the 21 st century learners & learning. This study explores the engagement of the school leaders in continuous professional development (CPD) by using a case study method. An elite school was selected as a sample case considering its recognition of CPD models and its constructive implications on learning. Two school leaders consisting of school headmistress and CPD convenor were selected using a purposive sampling method. The data were collected using an in-depth interview strategy and having a semi structured interview guide that could allow subjective detailed questioning and responses. Also, researchers own observations of CPD programmes provided relevant data for the study. The data analysis revealed that school leaders pursue CPD in a very systemic and process-oriented manner. The process starts from exploring individual teachers' needs to providing them with avenues to upgrade their teaching with timely support and monitoring. This study synthesizes the findings and present essential characteristics of effective professional development. Strategies for policy makers, school leadership, school administrators and teachers to engage in continuous, relevant and contextualized professional development endeavours are discussed.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The scholarship on foreign language (FL) learning and teaching shows various ways Web 2.0 technol... more The scholarship on foreign language (FL) learning and teaching shows various ways Web 2.0 technologies are used to promote and ease communication and gives access to and cultural exchange of information, which are the main purposes of language learning. Despite prolific examination of strategies and impact of Web 2.0 to enhance language learning, researchers have not yet sufficiently examined technology practices initiated by students themselves to support their FL experiences and the awareness of this use. The present study reports on the findings of an exploratory survey research project that investigated university students’ activities to use Web 2.0 sites to support their FL learning and awareness of those practices. Moreover, the study attempts to analyze students’ reported actions through the framework of 5 Cs (communication, comparison, communities, cultures, connections) of ACTFL (American Council of Teaching on Foreign Languages). The data collected from 137 FL students revealed that students are moderately engaged with Web 2.0 technologies in their FL learning practices and use such tools primarily for comparing the foreign language and culture to the native language and culture in different mediums. “Video sharing” and “Social Networking” were reported as favorite tools to use supporting students’ foreign language learning experience.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Effective Communication Skills demonstrate the capacity and efficacy of any business graduate. Th... more Effective Communication Skills demonstrate the capacity and efficacy of any business graduate. These skills allow the business students to express and utilize their knowledge to benefit any organization. However, the business industry have continuously raised their concerns on the lack of effective oral and written communication skills to serve the requirements of rapidly growing communication within and outside organizations. Among many factors, teaching methods, at higher education, have been identified that did not allow developing working skills to their full effects. Therefore, many methods have been developed and tested around the world to increase the necessary skills among business students. Scholars and researchers have tried to explore and test Experiential Learning (EL) techniques in teaching different courses of business administration programs. In the past few decades EL techniques have frequently been used in business pedagogies. EL theory presents a playfield where learners can learn the best by doing (Kolb, 1984). The traditional teaching pedagogies have proved insufficient to cater the needs of the learners and corporate world. Although business education around the world has already inculcated EL strategies into its system; however, in Pakistan EL theory is at its initial stage and the trainers and teachers are striving to find out appropriate tools and strategies to effectively utilize the theory. In this regard, the researcher developed an ERE cycle which was based on Kolb’s (1984) EL theory and tested its impact on the grades of the students oral and written communication skills. The study was conducted using one sample t-test in the paradigm of quantitative research. Three classes of BBA and MBA were selected for this study who were studying Oral and written communication courses. This research compared mean scores of these three classes with the population mean of the last three years. The results showed a significant positive difference between the sample mean scores and population mean. The study proved that EL based ERE cycle could prove very effective in enhancement of the skills of business communication students that was reflected in their performance in exams. The study would provide communication faculty, trainers and institutes to explore and utilize the effectiveness of ERE cycle and perform further researches to extend the utilities of EL based teaching methods.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Both Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, and English the official language are widely used f... more Both Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, and English the official language are widely used for spoken and written communication in different contexts in Pakistan. In education; however, a linguistic divide is evident in the two-stream system of education-mainly referred to as Urdu medium and English medium-according to the dominant language of instruction in an institutional setting. Urdu medium schools are normally the state schools providing free education to the poorer communities while the English medium schools are private fee-paying schools for the economically well-off sections of society. This disparity in the educational system has loaded the labels English medium and Urdu medium with a range of meanings that constitute self and other's perceptions of identity, in addition to signaling linguistic capital, particularly in terms of proficiency in English. This paper reports findings of a small-scale qualitative study undertaken to understand how students at a higher education public-sector institution in Pakistan experience and construct their own and others' identities in relation to their previous and current educational and social experiences of language learning and use. Insights gained from this study further our understanding of how linguistic inequalities can be sanctioned by the state's language policy and related practices.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This report introduces an innovative research project about the dialogue among teacher trainees f... more This report introduces an innovative research project about the dialogue among teacher trainees from UK, Norway and Pakistan, about a literary work, in a virtual environment. This project involved us, fi ve English in Education academics from the three contexts, as researchers who gathered, analysed and reported on the international data collaboratively. We refl ect on our experience as international researchers and the benefi ts we found in this type of association across borders for future teachers. This work has implications for teacher education and the methodologies used can be benefi cial for future researchers and teacher educators.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Entrepreneurship is considered as a solution to unemployment. It is believed that Entrepreneurial... more Entrepreneurship is considered as a solution to unemployment. It is believed that Entrepreneurial Self-Effi cacy (ESE) is imperative for a person to be an entrepreneur. This study aims to examine the determinants of ESE among university students in Pakistan. This is one of the fundamental constructs in the psychology of entrepreneurship research and often integrated in entrepreneurial intentions models to explain why some persons are more likely than others to become entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial Self-Effi cacy Scale prepared by Chen, Greene, and Crick (1998) was used in this study for collecting data. Total 800 questionnaires were distributed among conveniently selected students out of which 742 completely fi lled questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 92.75%. The results revealed a signifi cant difference between bachelor and master class students in terms of ESE. The model R-squared indicated that 5.7 percent of the variation in the ESE is explained by the personal characteristics. The paper concludes by pointing out some limitations of the study and discussing the possible effect of personal characteristics on ESE.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between school climate and teachers' ... more The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between school climate and teachers' commitment and the impact of key dimensions of school climate, which are collegial leadership, academic achievement, teachers' professionalism and institutional vulnerability on teachers' commitment. These factors are directly related with effi ciency and effectiveness of school. Organizational Climate Index (OCI) developed by Hoy, Smith, and Sweetland and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday, Steers, and Porter were used as the survey instruments. Data were collected from 230 elementary private school teachers for the study. The results indicated a relationship between school climate and teacher's commitment. The results of the regression analysis revealed that the collegial leadership and institutional vulnerability are the predictors of teachers' commitment. The fi ndings of the study can contribute to develop insights for school administrators and principals to make necessary interventions to develop a positive school climate.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Research indicates that student achievement enhances if coupled with information and communicatio... more Research indicates that student achievement enhances if coupled with information and communication technology (ICT). However, regardless of its extreme importance, there are examples of ICT underuse across all levels of classroom teaching and learning in Pakistan. Evidence from previous research studies suggests that teachers' perceptions, attitudes and motivation towards ICT determine the practical use of ICT in classroom teaching. The aim of this study was to fi nd the effect of university teachers' perceptions, attitude, and motivation towards their readiness for the integration of ICT in their classroom teaching. A sample of 377 university teachers from 51 higher education institutions responded to the survey instrument. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis. The analysis of data revealed a statistically signifi cant effect of university teachers' perceptions, attitude and motivation towards teachers' readiness for the integration of ICT in their classroom teaching. Based on the fi ndings, the study recommends that university teachers with basic ICT literacy should be encouraged to have a positive attitude toward technology use for discharging professional responsibilities.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
English being the offi cial language is a source of prestige and necessary for recognition in Pak... more English being the offi cial language is a source of prestige and necessary for recognition in Pakistan. Research studies usually debate the positive and negative infl uence of English on students in developing countries. However, the concept of desire attached with acquiring English is a less explored area. The present study attempts to understand the desire of Pakistani students majoring in English, for understanding their meaning-making for selecting English as their major. Using qualitative method, the data were collected through interviews, focus groups and mind-maps of students. The study participants were undergraduate students in a public university in the capital city Islamabad. The data were recorded, transcribed and coded using constructivist grounded theory for obtaining themes. The fi ndings revealed that the youth's association with English language is not just for gaining prestige; rather, they share deeper affi liations with includes a desire for acquiring the native persona, attaining global solidarity and achieving communicative competence. The attached desire with English language and its literature can have positive effect on students' motivation to excel in their studies; however, unrealistic desires can harm students. The fi ndings of the study hence, add to improvement in English language instruction and understanding of desires among the students.
Journal of Education and Educational Development , 2019
International Student Mobility (ISM) is progressively becoming a signifi cant aspect of the highe... more International Student Mobility (ISM) is progressively becoming a signifi cant aspect of the higher education scenario. The universal higher education milieu has undergone a tremendous change due to ISM as the number of students going abroad for higher education is growing incessantly with every passing year. Pakistan is a developing country that has experienced increasing ISM in the last forty years. Despite all academic and professional opportunities available to students, they desire to go abroad for higher education and settle down there, causing brain drain in the country. This research study attempts to identify the determinants of international student mobility from the perspective of either students, who are in the process of enrolling in international universities or those who are aspiring to go abroad for higher studies. This study used qualitative research approach based on interpretivism paradigm. A total of 14 students from different public and private sector universities participated, out of which nine were male and fi ve were female with ages between 18 and 24 years approximately. Thematic analysis was used to Perceptions of International Student Mobility Vol. 6 No. 2 (December 2019) 270
Journal of Education and Educational Development , 2019
This research was aimed at discovering the levels of job stress among Early Childhood Education (... more This research was aimed at discovering the levels of job stress among Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers of Karachi and the contribution of their marital status on job stress. The research method was quantitative in nature, for which two hypotheses were formed. First hypothesis assumed that the ECE teachers of Karachi would have a signifi cant level of job stress and the second assumed that there would be a noteworthy dissimilarity between the scores of job stress of married and single teachers of ECE. For this purpose, 127 single and married ECE teachers from schools of Karachi responded to an adapted form of Job Stress Inventory (JSI), which measured their level of overall job stress. The results revealed that the ECE teachers of private schools of Karachi did not face any signifi cant level of job stress and both, married and single ECE teachers experienced the same level of stress at job.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological wellbeing of public and private univer... more The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological wellbeing of public and private university teachers in Pakistan. Psychological wellbeing is generally conceptualized as an interaction of positive effects such as happiness and optimal functioning of people in social and individual areas of life. Using multistage sampling technique, 437 university teachers in four public and private universities each were sampled for this study. Psychological Wellbeing Scale previously validated by Akin (2012) and others comprising 30 statements with 7 point Likert scale was adapted by the researchers. The study found that overall, male and female university teachers perceived similar level of psychological wellbeing. Female teachers; however, perceived higher score in different factors such as developing positive relations and self-acceptance. Unmarried teachers perceived more purposeful life and personal growth than married teachers, while married teachers perceived more autonomy than unmarried teachers. Further, the teachers did not signifi cantly differ on psychological wellbeing based on their university location (public and private) and their teaching experience. The study found that teachers with higher ranks and designation signifi cantly differed in their wellbeing than their colleagues with lower ranks.
Journal of Education and Educational Development , 2019
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is a relatively recent advancement in the distance learning a... more Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is a relatively recent advancement in the distance learning and online education. With the strategic collaboration of the founders of MOOC (MIT and Harvard University), many universities and institutions across the world offer a variety of courses in numerous domains. MOOCs have disrupted the global education sector by providing free to subsidized inclusive education. These include state-of-the-art pedagogies, assessment tools and interactive cum engaging learning sessions. This article aims to discover the opportunities and inclinations of adult students in Pakistan toward MOOC, especially their awareness, perceptions, peer and mentor advice and self-motivation and commitment to do such courses. The study deployed in-depth interviews under phenomenology approach using Delphi method for this study. Twenty-four students from management sciences department of a leading university in Karachi were selected: 12 who had done courses through MOOC and 12 who had never done any course on MOOC. Ten experts on distance education and online education were selected through snowball sampling method for the study. The fi ndings uncovered that the inclination of the students towards MOOC is at its inception stage.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Though vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) have drawn continuous attention in SLA research in th... more Though vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) have drawn continuous attention in SLA research in the past three decades, there remain many unanswered questions, many unknown caveats and many unexplored regions. Quite a few historical reviews of vocabulary learning strategies have been undertaken by researchers over the past years, tracing its growth over the years. However, no research until now has captured the VLS profile of learners from diverse ESL/EFL backgrounds and presented an analysis from a geographical point of view. This study aims to capture the VLS profile of the diverse learners and takes up the task of the geographical review of vocabulary learning strategies landscaping the VLS research over many countries. For this purpose, the researcher has chosen specifically the research happening in the backdrop of ESL/EFL contexts. Fourteen papers have been selected for review belonging to Philippine, Turkey, Algeria, Iran, Malaysia, Congo, China, India, Sudan, Libya and The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A detailed analysis reveals not only the juggling between the experiential and traditional modes of vocabulary learning but also the reasons behind the insufficient vocabulary size of the learners in myriad contexts.
Journal of Education and Educational Developement, 2019
21 st Century learner can be described as 'technowiredcompuchildren'. This refers to youth focuse... more 21 st Century learner can be described as 'technowiredcompuchildren'. This refers to youth focused inquiry based learning system offered at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU). All learning systems involve the successful completion of high quality assignments indicating that the student has done additional reading beyond the course material and has made out all-out-effort towards completing assignments with ingenuity. The Commonwealth youth program (CYP), Post Graduate Diploma in 'Youth in Development Work' played a significant role in promoting the student's based reading cum writing, speaking and listening skills, motivated thinking process and above capacity for critical thinking. This paper provides an insight into the value of completing high quality assignments at one's own initiative.
Journal of Education and Educational Developement, 2019
The study aims to investigate authentic leadership attributes (ALA) and its relationship with cla... more The study aims to investigate authentic leadership attributes (ALA) and its relationship with classroom management. The objectives of the study were to investigate ALA of the university leaders and teachers; and to measure the relationship between ALA and classroom engagement at university level. 6975 university leaders and teachers constituted the population of the study. The selected sample of the study was 967. The mixed method approach (convergent parallel design) was employed to collect information from the sample through modified form of Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) developed by Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardener, Wernsing and Peterson (2008); and in-depth interviews. Analysis was done with Mean, STD, Pearson's rank correlation and thematic analysis. The r value between authentic leadership attributes and classroom management in public sector universities is (r = .355) which shows medium relationship while (r = .519) shows large correlation in private sector universities which are highly significant as shown by the significant level (.000). These values show that relationship between ALA and classroom management in private sector universities is higher than public sector. It was found that r value (.426) which was significant at .000 showed significant medium correlations between ALA and classroom engagement at university. Based on the results, it is recommended that it may be well to conduct a research study on the authentic leadership at primary, secondary and higher secondary level, both at private and public sectors as these areas are in great need of authentic leadership because these sectors suffered a lot due to the unethical attitude of the leaders.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This research was conducted to determine the effects of activity-based teaching on student motiva... more This research was conducted to determine the effects of activity-based teaching on student motivation and academic achievement. Pretest and post-test control group design of experimental research was employed for this study. Two MCQ achievement tests were used as research tools for the data collection as pre-test and post-test. The first step in this project was to gather information about what motivates students to learn. Pre-test was conducted from both groups and results were tabulated. The second step of the project was to examine the effect of hands-on activities on student motivation and for analysis MCQ achievement test was used along with specially designed work sheets from both groups. T-test was used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that a majority of students’ scores increased in experimental group as compared to the control group. The mean value indicated that participants from experimental group showed more achievement in post-test 15.6, while the control group students scored 10.7. The post-lesson survey showed that the majority students found the activity based teaching to be more interesting than lecture based teaching.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This study explored school heads' perceptions regarding their school leadership styles. The study... more This study explored school heads' perceptions regarding their school leadership styles. The study adopted a qualitative research design. The sample of the study consisted of 10 male and 10 female head teachers from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that school heads adopted a number of leadership styles. The main leadership styles included instructional leadership, transformational leadership and moral leadership. These different leadership styles were adopted keeping in view the needs of different situations that heads found themselves working in. The study has important implications for school management, schoolteachers, researchers and policy makers.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
This study was conducted to examine the relationship between metacognitive awareness of reading s... more This study was conducted to examine the relationship between metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (MARS), and academic attainments (AA) of undergraduate business students. It also investigated the relationship between reading practices (RP) and MARS. There are three different categories of MARS-global, problem solving, and support reading strategies. The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI), developed by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002) was used as the instrument for this study where the sample consisted of 571 male and female students of undergraduate business program from private and public universities of Karachi. The results showed Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies significantly predicts academic attainments of university students. The findings suggest that conducting workshops or training sessions for promoting MARS may be helpful to enhance students' concentration towards the reading process that may affect their learning.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 and our various educational policies have given clear directio... more The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 and our various educational policies have given clear direction on aims of our education system, which should be based on Islamic principles. However, since independence, Pakistan is still unable to devise a system of education the aims of which are derived from Qur’an and Sunnah as mandated by the constitution. As such a dire need is felt to understand the aims and objectives education from our ideological perspective. It has been generally agreed that Al-Ghazali’s thoughts comply with the Qur’anic principles, he is well accepted by vast strata of Muslims in Pakistan and appreciated by west as well. Accordingly, this qualitative study explored educational aims and objectives from Al-Ghazali’s thoughts and philosophy, using content analysis of various writings of and on Al-Ghazali. Based on this research, we can conclude that aim of Islamic education should be associated with the aim of a person’s life. The aim of a Muslim’s life is the success in the life hereafter. Based on this fundamental assumption and guideline provided by Al-Ghazali, we can develop aims and objectives of Islamic education as directed in the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Teachers in the recent fast transforming technological era are required to regularly upgrade thei... more Teachers in the recent fast transforming technological era are required to regularly upgrade their knowledge, skills and attitudes to meet the needs of the 21 st century learners & learning. This study explores the engagement of the school leaders in continuous professional development (CPD) by using a case study method. An elite school was selected as a sample case considering its recognition of CPD models and its constructive implications on learning. Two school leaders consisting of school headmistress and CPD convenor were selected using a purposive sampling method. The data were collected using an in-depth interview strategy and having a semi structured interview guide that could allow subjective detailed questioning and responses. Also, researchers own observations of CPD programmes provided relevant data for the study. The data analysis revealed that school leaders pursue CPD in a very systemic and process-oriented manner. The process starts from exploring individual teachers' needs to providing them with avenues to upgrade their teaching with timely support and monitoring. This study synthesizes the findings and present essential characteristics of effective professional development. Strategies for policy makers, school leadership, school administrators and teachers to engage in continuous, relevant and contextualized professional development endeavours are discussed.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
The scholarship on foreign language (FL) learning and teaching shows various ways Web 2.0 technol... more The scholarship on foreign language (FL) learning and teaching shows various ways Web 2.0 technologies are used to promote and ease communication and gives access to and cultural exchange of information, which are the main purposes of language learning. Despite prolific examination of strategies and impact of Web 2.0 to enhance language learning, researchers have not yet sufficiently examined technology practices initiated by students themselves to support their FL experiences and the awareness of this use. The present study reports on the findings of an exploratory survey research project that investigated university students’ activities to use Web 2.0 sites to support their FL learning and awareness of those practices. Moreover, the study attempts to analyze students’ reported actions through the framework of 5 Cs (communication, comparison, communities, cultures, connections) of ACTFL (American Council of Teaching on Foreign Languages). The data collected from 137 FL students revealed that students are moderately engaged with Web 2.0 technologies in their FL learning practices and use such tools primarily for comparing the foreign language and culture to the native language and culture in different mediums. “Video sharing” and “Social Networking” were reported as favorite tools to use supporting students’ foreign language learning experience.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Effective Communication Skills demonstrate the capacity and efficacy of any business graduate. Th... more Effective Communication Skills demonstrate the capacity and efficacy of any business graduate. These skills allow the business students to express and utilize their knowledge to benefit any organization. However, the business industry have continuously raised their concerns on the lack of effective oral and written communication skills to serve the requirements of rapidly growing communication within and outside organizations. Among many factors, teaching methods, at higher education, have been identified that did not allow developing working skills to their full effects. Therefore, many methods have been developed and tested around the world to increase the necessary skills among business students. Scholars and researchers have tried to explore and test Experiential Learning (EL) techniques in teaching different courses of business administration programs. In the past few decades EL techniques have frequently been used in business pedagogies. EL theory presents a playfield where learners can learn the best by doing (Kolb, 1984). The traditional teaching pedagogies have proved insufficient to cater the needs of the learners and corporate world. Although business education around the world has already inculcated EL strategies into its system; however, in Pakistan EL theory is at its initial stage and the trainers and teachers are striving to find out appropriate tools and strategies to effectively utilize the theory. In this regard, the researcher developed an ERE cycle which was based on Kolb’s (1984) EL theory and tested its impact on the grades of the students oral and written communication skills. The study was conducted using one sample t-test in the paradigm of quantitative research. Three classes of BBA and MBA were selected for this study who were studying Oral and written communication courses. This research compared mean scores of these three classes with the population mean of the last three years. The results showed a significant positive difference between the sample mean scores and population mean. The study proved that EL based ERE cycle could prove very effective in enhancement of the skills of business communication students that was reflected in their performance in exams. The study would provide communication faculty, trainers and institutes to explore and utilize the effectiveness of ERE cycle and perform further researches to extend the utilities of EL based teaching methods.
Journal of Education and Educational Development, 2019
Both Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, and English the official language are widely used f... more Both Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, and English the official language are widely used for spoken and written communication in different contexts in Pakistan. In education; however, a linguistic divide is evident in the two-stream system of education-mainly referred to as Urdu medium and English medium-according to the dominant language of instruction in an institutional setting. Urdu medium schools are normally the state schools providing free education to the poorer communities while the English medium schools are private fee-paying schools for the economically well-off sections of society. This disparity in the educational system has loaded the labels English medium and Urdu medium with a range of meanings that constitute self and other's perceptions of identity, in addition to signaling linguistic capital, particularly in terms of proficiency in English. This paper reports findings of a small-scale qualitative study undertaken to understand how students at a higher education public-sector institution in Pakistan experience and construct their own and others' identities in relation to their previous and current educational and social experiences of language learning and use. Insights gained from this study further our understanding of how linguistic inequalities can be sanctioned by the state's language policy and related practices.