Ozan Yarman | Istanbul University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ozan Yarman

International Journal of Modern Physics E, Jul 10, 2024

We propose a novel systematization of positron-decaying atomic nuclei, for which we first focus o... more We propose a novel systematization of positron-decaying atomic nuclei, for which we first focus on determining the kinetic energy of the most energetic positron at the moment it is emitted from the nucleus. We find that this energy is inversely proportional to the number of nucleons A making up the nucleus. Further on, for A>60, we figure out that the measured kinetic energy of positrons detected in the laboratory turns out to be substantially less than what one would classically expect based on the electrical interaction between the nucleus and the positron, starting from the moment the latter gets emitted. We particularly disclose that the initial kinetic energy of the positron escaping from the nucleus can be formally negative at A>60, which indicates that the positron in question is not released from the classically conceived nuclear surface, but from much above the said surface. This requires the need to involve the quantum mechanical properties of the system composed of “the nucleus and the positron”. Finally, we show how the half-life, mass, kinetic energy and size involved in positron-decay are interrelated in a way already established through Yarman’s approach (YA) for polyatomic molecules and α-decaying nuclei.

Concise version published in TWMS J. App. Eng. Math. V.14, N.3, 2024, pp. 898-912., 2024

Yarman's Approach, which serves as the basis of YARK gravitation theory (as abbreviated from "Yar... more Yarman's Approach, which serves as the basis of YARK gravitation theory (as abbreviated from "Yarman-Arık-Kholmetskii"), together with its recently developed extension QTG (Quantal Theory of Gravity), motivated us to question the suitability of Natural Units commonly used in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and other areas of physics. That and the consensus of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) towards the establishment of "New SI" inspired us to explore an appropriate way of normalizing the metric system in order to make the utmost theoretical speed limit of light c and the Planck Constant h unities, as well as universal constants, respectively. Our metrological approach herein reveals that the correction factor˛kffl introduced to the retired definition of vacuum permeability µ 0-as extracted from an indiscriminate Fine-Structure Constant α value-does not suffice to align the computed α with the latest experimental measurements of α. One may therefore require a rectified value for the elementary charge e along with the need to restore its uncertainty digits. All this is especially relevant within the context of the 20 May 2019 international decision to fix the Planck Constant to a definite value while letting the kilogram vary instead. One thus remarkably ends up with the necessity to either restore the uncertainty parts of the elementary charge in contrast to the SI redefinition, or to recalculate the correction factor kffl that latterly appears in vacuum permeability, or both. Another far-reaching option is the idea of restituting the uncertainties for the Planck Constant and/or lightspeed too when SI is normalized and then re-normalized without disturbing the meaningfulness of the related physical dimensions.

Derivation of the Uncertainty Relation from the fine structure constant, 2024

A straightforward derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation is presented starting from the ... more A straightforward derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation is presented starting from the established expression of the fine structure constant. Newfound link between these two universal relationships enriches the physical interpretation of reality as subject to a quantum mechanical regime at all levels. Macroscopic manifestation of the Uncertainty Principle is therefore shown to arise in the form of a discrete character for any electrical current driven by a flux of elementary charges. A new inequality governing the Uncertainty Principle for electricity at the macro-scale is hence proposed, and the results obtained are discussed. We furthermore demonstrate, in line with our undertaking, that "given finite difference quantities" are identical to, and thus interchangeable with, "well-defined uncertainty values". Accordingly, possessed values acquired by finite difference quantities shall under no circumstances abolish related uncertainty characteristics. Our derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation from Sommerfeld's original definition of the fine structure constant also evokes that the former too can well be stated as a definition, or vice versa. From such a perspective, The Uncertainty Relation can well be considered as simply a capstone re-formulation of the Planck constant-just like (Pressure x Volume / Temperature) happens to be the expression of the gas constant when written for gases. It is vital to recall that Yarman et al. have shown elsewhere how the macroscopic behaviour of a complex system, such as a gas enclosed in a container, is tethered to the Planck constant. In this sense, the current enterprise makes strictly no divisive distinction between the micro and the macro worlds.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023

“Quantal Theory of Gravity” (QTG) is a novel approach that describes interactions between masses ... more “Quantal Theory of Gravity” (QTG) is a novel approach that describes interactions between masses based on the law of energy conservation. It remains in full symbiosis with Quantum Mechanics (QM) and has the capacity of dealing with bodies behaving both corpuscle-like and wave-like, regardless of whether it is a question of a photon or ordinary matter. Despite being built on a foundation fundamentally different from the mainstream metric worldview, QTG is able to yield results that are indistinguishable from the classical tests which were historically considered to validate the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) of Einstein (C. Marchal et al., 2023, Ann. Phys. 454, 169346). All the same, the conformance between GTR and QTG tran-spires only in the latter’s quantal case. This is where a wave-like behaving object in the gravitational field must get torn apart into i) an accelerating wavepacket of energy hf=γm0∞c2, whose modus operandi is ipso facto local, and ii) an a fortiori recoiling corpuscular constituent of instantaneous rest mass m0∞e-, which we dub the core. The splitting occurs via a rest mass exchange in-between the wavepacket and the core in accordance with the law of momentum conservation. We thus derive equations of motion for both the wavepacket and the core with regards to respectively the local observer and the remote observer, to the extent that the artificiality of the metric formalism of the past century is brought into question. Besides this, our approach is capable of dealing with the measured correction brought to account for the anoma-lous precession of the perihelion of the orbit of Saturn (L. Iorio, 2009, AJ 137 3615). We would further like to recall that QTG correctly explains the propagation of corpuscle-like objects such as high-energy γ-quanta; in which case, it predicts the nullification of gravitational bending. Such a finding can be ex-plained under neither GTR nor other purely metric theories of gravity, and delineates an important aspect regarding the experimental re-confirmation of QTG. It should also be noted that our approach has the ca-pacity to provide an answer to even the elusive quest for dark energy. QTG’s framework is further appli-cable to any non-radiative field the test object might interact with, insofar as meeting the keystone re-quirement for establishing the building blocks of a unified theory for all particles and interactions.

Journal of physics, Mar 1, 2022

This work was trigerred by the earlier achivements of Yarman et al, aiming to bridge themordynami... more This work was trigerred by the earlier achivements of Yarman et al, aiming to bridge themordynamics and quantum mechanics, whence, Planck constant came to replace Boltzmann constant, and “average quantum level number” came to replace “temperature”. This evoked that the classical Maxwell energy probability distribution p(E) with respect to energy E of gas molecules might be taken care of, by the “energy probability distribution of the quantum levels” of a particle imprisoned in a given volume, assuming that in the case we have many particles, following Pauli exclusion principle, no pair of particles can sit at the same level. Thereby, the energy probability distribution of the quantum levels of a particle imprisoned in three dimensions, will be the subject of this essay. Such an outlook becomes interesting from several angles: i) It looks indeed very much like a classical Maxwellian distribution. ii) In the case we have as many free particles in the box as the number of levels depicted by the number of quantum levels in between the predetermined lower bound energy level and the upperbound energy level, all the while assuming that the Pauli principle holds, the distribution we disclose becomes the energy probability distribution of the ensemble of particles imprisoned in the given box. iii) It can even be guessed that, if elastic collisions between the free particles were allowed, and still assuming quantization and the Pauli principle, the outcome we disclose should be about the same as that of the energy probability distribution, molecules in a room would display in equilibrium. iv) The quantized energy being proportional to the sum of three squared integers associated with respectively, each of the spatial dimensions; the property we reveal certainly becomes remarkable from the point of view of mathematics of integer numbers. All the more, we further disclose that, to the probability distribution outlook remains the same, be this qualitatively for higher dimensions than 3.

Assignment of Makam Labels by Hand versus Auto-Classification by Machine Learning for 325 'Hicaz Family' Pieces, 2024

An earlier study by our team involved the exploitation of "unique melodic contour features" to ch... more An earlier study by our team involved the exploitation of "unique melodic contour features" to check whether a selection of 4 Turkish art music pieces and 4 Turkish folk music pieces from the 'Hicaz family' were indeed categorized correctly makam-wise [Yarman et al., 2020, "An Investigation of the Role of Diatonic Functions in the Seyir Phenomenon of Turkish Makam Music: Case of 'Hicaz Family'", DYUMM conference proceedings, 292-340]. We now deliver an overview of both TRT repertory labellings and tagging efforts by 6 anonymized experts versus several machine learning classifications with regards to 325 pieces pertaining to makams falling under the so-called 'Hicaz family' denomination. Our analysis is once again based on our novel "trigram melodic contour information extraction procedure", where all of the pieces operated on were transcribed according to the "SymbTR" symbolic representation database. The findings gathered with respect to this area of research seem to point to the fact that, say, Hicaz frequently blurs into kindred makams such as Uzzal and Hümayun, and the success rate in correctly determining a piece's makam never exceeds the level of about 75 percent whatever the methodology used. It is suspected that something similar must also be the case for makams of the 'Uşşak-Hüseyni family', and this field awaits further investigation. We hence suggest a new theoretical insight for identifying a piece of the repertory that is said to be in a given makam but has characteristics of other makams as well, particularly seeing as our extensive and prolonged enquiry turned out to be inconclusive and the project died out as a result.

Journal of physics, Mar 1, 2022

View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like A deterministic method st... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like A deterministic method study of the impact of the Pauli principle in double-gate MOSFETs Christoph Jungemann, Kai Zhao, et al.

TWMS (Turkic World Mathematical Society) Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics, 2020

We examine how Lorentz Symmetry (LS) breaks down in Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) theory of grav... more We examine how Lorentz Symmetry (LS) breaks down in Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) theory of gravitation through an entirely different mechanism than that under metric theories of gravity. Said mechanism can be right away extended to all other fields of interaction under Yarman's Approach that forms the basis of YARK theory. The result is the disclosure of a new "Generalized Lorentz Group" of space-time transformations which contains an additional parameter denoting the interactional energy per unit mass. Hence, the core finding herein is that the Minkowskian metric for an empty space-time should, when one is in the presence of gravity or any other force field, be replaced by general equalities involving a novel coupling parameter for either attraction or repulsion..

Latest HTML5 with JavaScript developments have stimulated a profusion of musical web-applications... more Latest HTML5 with JavaScript developments have stimulated a profusion of musical web-applications to emerge on the scene in the past couple of years. Firefox and Chrome browser support for them too has currently reached a comparatively stable level. Yet, these are mainly fashioned to appeal to a Western(ized) audience accustomed to the "12 semitones to the octave" methodology of common-practice music. We, on the other hand, present herein a microtonal HTML5 Piano design for Turkish Art music drawing from the extensively revamped open source code named "JS Dynamic Audio Synth (© 2013)". Two tunings are directly implemented at the moment: The first is the conventional 24-tone Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek system officially in force across Turkey; the second is a custom tone-system of identical resolution dubbed Yarman-24c and devised by the corresponding author as a substitute. Our design features highlighted hover & play, dynamic perde labeling, incremental transposition, maximal keystroke constrained polyphonic playback, and custom frequency data paste/apply capabilities. Subsequent implementations by developers might enhance our design with a glissando & vibrato effect, organ sound sustain, external synth patch load, and melody recording. Additionally, a test process to gather online statistics from visitors on their perceived success of how well the tunings render an assortment of well-known makam pieces could perhaps be considered in the future. We envision that our 24-tone Makam Piano (v1.2) will be quite useful as a music theory web resource and possibly inspire similar upcoming microtonal HTML5 designs.

Işık University Press, 2020

Gravitational interaction between particles must break Lorentz Symmetry (LS), as well as per Yarm... more Gravitational interaction between particles must break Lorentz Symmetry (LS), as well as per Yarman's Approach that forms the basis of YARK (Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii) theory of gravity. This approach, being general, just as at the atomistic level, so too in gravitation will LS always break down under Yarman's Approach. All the while, General Theory of Relativity (GTR) is known to already break LS; still, its violation in gravitation according to YARK points to a different mechanism than it does under GTR. Said mechanism can be right away extended to all other interactional fields. The core finding herein is that the customary Lorentz transformations, and the proper Minkowskian metric resulting from them, should be replaced by general equalities involving a novel interactional coupling parameter emerging out of Yarman's Approach.

International Journal of Modern Physics E, Jul 10, 2024

We propose a novel systematization of positron-decaying atomic nuclei, for which we first focus o... more We propose a novel systematization of positron-decaying atomic nuclei, for which we first focus on determining the kinetic energy of the most energetic positron at the moment it is emitted from the nucleus. We find that this energy is inversely proportional to the number of nucleons A making up the nucleus. Further on, for A>60, we figure out that the measured kinetic energy of positrons detected in the laboratory turns out to be substantially less than what one would classically expect based on the electrical interaction between the nucleus and the positron, starting from the moment the latter gets emitted. We particularly disclose that the initial kinetic energy of the positron escaping from the nucleus can be formally negative at A>60, which indicates that the positron in question is not released from the classically conceived nuclear surface, but from much above the said surface. This requires the need to involve the quantum mechanical properties of the system composed of “the nucleus and the positron”. Finally, we show how the half-life, mass, kinetic energy and size involved in positron-decay are interrelated in a way already established through Yarman’s approach (YA) for polyatomic molecules and α-decaying nuclei.

Concise version published in TWMS J. App. Eng. Math. V.14, N.3, 2024, pp. 898-912., 2024

Yarman's Approach, which serves as the basis of YARK gravitation theory (as abbreviated from "Yar... more Yarman's Approach, which serves as the basis of YARK gravitation theory (as abbreviated from "Yarman-Arık-Kholmetskii"), together with its recently developed extension QTG (Quantal Theory of Gravity), motivated us to question the suitability of Natural Units commonly used in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and other areas of physics. That and the consensus of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) towards the establishment of "New SI" inspired us to explore an appropriate way of normalizing the metric system in order to make the utmost theoretical speed limit of light c and the Planck Constant h unities, as well as universal constants, respectively. Our metrological approach herein reveals that the correction factor˛kffl introduced to the retired definition of vacuum permeability µ 0-as extracted from an indiscriminate Fine-Structure Constant α value-does not suffice to align the computed α with the latest experimental measurements of α. One may therefore require a rectified value for the elementary charge e along with the need to restore its uncertainty digits. All this is especially relevant within the context of the 20 May 2019 international decision to fix the Planck Constant to a definite value while letting the kilogram vary instead. One thus remarkably ends up with the necessity to either restore the uncertainty parts of the elementary charge in contrast to the SI redefinition, or to recalculate the correction factor kffl that latterly appears in vacuum permeability, or both. Another far-reaching option is the idea of restituting the uncertainties for the Planck Constant and/or lightspeed too when SI is normalized and then re-normalized without disturbing the meaningfulness of the related physical dimensions.

Derivation of the Uncertainty Relation from the fine structure constant, 2024

A straightforward derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation is presented starting from the ... more A straightforward derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation is presented starting from the established expression of the fine structure constant. Newfound link between these two universal relationships enriches the physical interpretation of reality as subject to a quantum mechanical regime at all levels. Macroscopic manifestation of the Uncertainty Principle is therefore shown to arise in the form of a discrete character for any electrical current driven by a flux of elementary charges. A new inequality governing the Uncertainty Principle for electricity at the macro-scale is hence proposed, and the results obtained are discussed. We furthermore demonstrate, in line with our undertaking, that "given finite difference quantities" are identical to, and thus interchangeable with, "well-defined uncertainty values". Accordingly, possessed values acquired by finite difference quantities shall under no circumstances abolish related uncertainty characteristics. Our derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation from Sommerfeld's original definition of the fine structure constant also evokes that the former too can well be stated as a definition, or vice versa. From such a perspective, The Uncertainty Relation can well be considered as simply a capstone re-formulation of the Planck constant-just like (Pressure x Volume / Temperature) happens to be the expression of the gas constant when written for gases. It is vital to recall that Yarman et al. have shown elsewhere how the macroscopic behaviour of a complex system, such as a gas enclosed in a container, is tethered to the Planck constant. In this sense, the current enterprise makes strictly no divisive distinction between the micro and the macro worlds.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023

“Quantal Theory of Gravity” (QTG) is a novel approach that describes interactions between masses ... more “Quantal Theory of Gravity” (QTG) is a novel approach that describes interactions between masses based on the law of energy conservation. It remains in full symbiosis with Quantum Mechanics (QM) and has the capacity of dealing with bodies behaving both corpuscle-like and wave-like, regardless of whether it is a question of a photon or ordinary matter. Despite being built on a foundation fundamentally different from the mainstream metric worldview, QTG is able to yield results that are indistinguishable from the classical tests which were historically considered to validate the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) of Einstein (C. Marchal et al., 2023, Ann. Phys. 454, 169346). All the same, the conformance between GTR and QTG tran-spires only in the latter’s quantal case. This is where a wave-like behaving object in the gravitational field must get torn apart into i) an accelerating wavepacket of energy hf=γm0∞c2, whose modus operandi is ipso facto local, and ii) an a fortiori recoiling corpuscular constituent of instantaneous rest mass m0∞e-, which we dub the core. The splitting occurs via a rest mass exchange in-between the wavepacket and the core in accordance with the law of momentum conservation. We thus derive equations of motion for both the wavepacket and the core with regards to respectively the local observer and the remote observer, to the extent that the artificiality of the metric formalism of the past century is brought into question. Besides this, our approach is capable of dealing with the measured correction brought to account for the anoma-lous precession of the perihelion of the orbit of Saturn (L. Iorio, 2009, AJ 137 3615). We would further like to recall that QTG correctly explains the propagation of corpuscle-like objects such as high-energy γ-quanta; in which case, it predicts the nullification of gravitational bending. Such a finding can be ex-plained under neither GTR nor other purely metric theories of gravity, and delineates an important aspect regarding the experimental re-confirmation of QTG. It should also be noted that our approach has the ca-pacity to provide an answer to even the elusive quest for dark energy. QTG’s framework is further appli-cable to any non-radiative field the test object might interact with, insofar as meeting the keystone re-quirement for establishing the building blocks of a unified theory for all particles and interactions.

Journal of physics, Mar 1, 2022

This work was trigerred by the earlier achivements of Yarman et al, aiming to bridge themordynami... more This work was trigerred by the earlier achivements of Yarman et al, aiming to bridge themordynamics and quantum mechanics, whence, Planck constant came to replace Boltzmann constant, and “average quantum level number” came to replace “temperature”. This evoked that the classical Maxwell energy probability distribution p(E) with respect to energy E of gas molecules might be taken care of, by the “energy probability distribution of the quantum levels” of a particle imprisoned in a given volume, assuming that in the case we have many particles, following Pauli exclusion principle, no pair of particles can sit at the same level. Thereby, the energy probability distribution of the quantum levels of a particle imprisoned in three dimensions, will be the subject of this essay. Such an outlook becomes interesting from several angles: i) It looks indeed very much like a classical Maxwellian distribution. ii) In the case we have as many free particles in the box as the number of levels depicted by the number of quantum levels in between the predetermined lower bound energy level and the upperbound energy level, all the while assuming that the Pauli principle holds, the distribution we disclose becomes the energy probability distribution of the ensemble of particles imprisoned in the given box. iii) It can even be guessed that, if elastic collisions between the free particles were allowed, and still assuming quantization and the Pauli principle, the outcome we disclose should be about the same as that of the energy probability distribution, molecules in a room would display in equilibrium. iv) The quantized energy being proportional to the sum of three squared integers associated with respectively, each of the spatial dimensions; the property we reveal certainly becomes remarkable from the point of view of mathematics of integer numbers. All the more, we further disclose that, to the probability distribution outlook remains the same, be this qualitatively for higher dimensions than 3.

Assignment of Makam Labels by Hand versus Auto-Classification by Machine Learning for 325 'Hicaz Family' Pieces, 2024

An earlier study by our team involved the exploitation of "unique melodic contour features" to ch... more An earlier study by our team involved the exploitation of "unique melodic contour features" to check whether a selection of 4 Turkish art music pieces and 4 Turkish folk music pieces from the 'Hicaz family' were indeed categorized correctly makam-wise [Yarman et al., 2020, "An Investigation of the Role of Diatonic Functions in the Seyir Phenomenon of Turkish Makam Music: Case of 'Hicaz Family'", DYUMM conference proceedings, 292-340]. We now deliver an overview of both TRT repertory labellings and tagging efforts by 6 anonymized experts versus several machine learning classifications with regards to 325 pieces pertaining to makams falling under the so-called 'Hicaz family' denomination. Our analysis is once again based on our novel "trigram melodic contour information extraction procedure", where all of the pieces operated on were transcribed according to the "SymbTR" symbolic representation database. The findings gathered with respect to this area of research seem to point to the fact that, say, Hicaz frequently blurs into kindred makams such as Uzzal and Hümayun, and the success rate in correctly determining a piece's makam never exceeds the level of about 75 percent whatever the methodology used. It is suspected that something similar must also be the case for makams of the 'Uşşak-Hüseyni family', and this field awaits further investigation. We hence suggest a new theoretical insight for identifying a piece of the repertory that is said to be in a given makam but has characteristics of other makams as well, particularly seeing as our extensive and prolonged enquiry turned out to be inconclusive and the project died out as a result.

Journal of physics, Mar 1, 2022

View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like A deterministic method st... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like A deterministic method study of the impact of the Pauli principle in double-gate MOSFETs Christoph Jungemann, Kai Zhao, et al.

TWMS (Turkic World Mathematical Society) Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics, 2020

We examine how Lorentz Symmetry (LS) breaks down in Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) theory of grav... more We examine how Lorentz Symmetry (LS) breaks down in Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) theory of gravitation through an entirely different mechanism than that under metric theories of gravity. Said mechanism can be right away extended to all other fields of interaction under Yarman's Approach that forms the basis of YARK theory. The result is the disclosure of a new "Generalized Lorentz Group" of space-time transformations which contains an additional parameter denoting the interactional energy per unit mass. Hence, the core finding herein is that the Minkowskian metric for an empty space-time should, when one is in the presence of gravity or any other force field, be replaced by general equalities involving a novel coupling parameter for either attraction or repulsion..

Latest HTML5 with JavaScript developments have stimulated a profusion of musical web-applications... more Latest HTML5 with JavaScript developments have stimulated a profusion of musical web-applications to emerge on the scene in the past couple of years. Firefox and Chrome browser support for them too has currently reached a comparatively stable level. Yet, these are mainly fashioned to appeal to a Western(ized) audience accustomed to the "12 semitones to the octave" methodology of common-practice music. We, on the other hand, present herein a microtonal HTML5 Piano design for Turkish Art music drawing from the extensively revamped open source code named "JS Dynamic Audio Synth (© 2013)". Two tunings are directly implemented at the moment: The first is the conventional 24-tone Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek system officially in force across Turkey; the second is a custom tone-system of identical resolution dubbed Yarman-24c and devised by the corresponding author as a substitute. Our design features highlighted hover & play, dynamic perde labeling, incremental transposition, maximal keystroke constrained polyphonic playback, and custom frequency data paste/apply capabilities. Subsequent implementations by developers might enhance our design with a glissando & vibrato effect, organ sound sustain, external synth patch load, and melody recording. Additionally, a test process to gather online statistics from visitors on their perceived success of how well the tunings render an assortment of well-known makam pieces could perhaps be considered in the future. We envision that our 24-tone Makam Piano (v1.2) will be quite useful as a music theory web resource and possibly inspire similar upcoming microtonal HTML5 designs.

Işık University Press, 2020

Gravitational interaction between particles must break Lorentz Symmetry (LS), as well as per Yarm... more Gravitational interaction between particles must break Lorentz Symmetry (LS), as well as per Yarman's Approach that forms the basis of YARK (Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii) theory of gravity. This approach, being general, just as at the atomistic level, so too in gravitation will LS always break down under Yarman's Approach. All the while, General Theory of Relativity (GTR) is known to already break LS; still, its violation in gravitation according to YARK points to a different mechanism than it does under GTR. Said mechanism can be right away extended to all other interactional fields. The core finding herein is that the customary Lorentz transformations, and the proper Minkowskian metric resulting from them, should be replaced by general equalities involving a novel interactional coupling parameter emerging out of Yarman's Approach.

Geç Barok döneminden Klasik döneme geçişte Rokoko, 2013

Yaklaşık bir yüzyıllık Avrupa sanat tarihini kapsayacak bu araştırmada, Klasik müziğin oluşumunda... more Yaklaşık bir yüzyıllık Avrupa sanat tarihini kapsayacak bu araştırmada, Klasik müziğin oluşumunda etkin olan başlıca akımları ve bunlardan en genel hatlarıyla tanıtılacak Rokoko’yu inceleyeceğiz. Bu bağlamda, toplumsal, kültürel ve siyasal çalkantıların, nasıl olup da Avrupa’nın müzik merkezi sayılabilecek Viyana’yı öne çıkarttığını ve kısa yaşantısında bu şehir adıyla anılan Klasik Okulun günümüze değin uzanan müzik akımlarına nasıl yön verdiğini gözlemleyeceğiz.

Tarihin akışında bir sıralama takip etmekten ziyade, kapsamlı olarak inceleme yapmayı konu açısından daha uygun görüyorum. Araştırmamın belkemiğini oluşturacak taslak biçiminde, ele alacağım bölümleri şöyle düzenledim:

✤Rokoko ile Klasiğin tanımları ve bu akımların felsefeleri;
✤Kendilerinden önce gelen Barok döneminden nasıl ayrıştıkları;
✤Klasik müziği oluşturmada katkısı olan okulların başlıcaları ve kısaca tanımları;
✤18. Yüzyıl’da siyasal-toplumsal gelişmeler ve bireyin özgürleşmesinin sanatı etkileyişi;
✤Avrupa müzik tarihinde “Sonat Biçimi” ve oluşumu;
✤Scarlatti ile Haydn’ın – Rokoko ve Klasik arasındaki farklar bağlamında – hayatları, eserleri ve üslupları; ayrıca Romantik döneme geçişte Rokoko’nun ve Klasiğin önemi.

Reply to Klauss Kassner's "Critical assessment of the YARK theory", 2018

Recently, Klaus Kassner posted an elaborate analysis on ResearchGate [1] where he criticizes the ... more Recently, Klaus Kassner posted an elaborate analysis on ResearchGate [1] where he criticizes the novel gravitation theory developed by T. Yarman and his colleagues-and in particular, M. Arik and A. Kholmetskii (whose initials altogether make up the designation "YARK theory" for easy reference). To this effect, Dr. Kassner claimed to have pinned down errors in a series of our publications with respect to Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system. Owing to the fact that a major portion of his critique already happens to be answered in several of our contributions put in print in the last few years, we shall keep our response as brief as possible.

About the Synchronization Effect Between a Clock Situated in the Origin of a Rotating System and a Laboratory Clock, 2019

We show that the attempt by Corda to explain the results of the Mössbauer rotor experiments via i... more We show that the attempt by Corda to explain the results of the Mössbauer rotor experiments via introducing the effect of synchronization of clock in the origin of a rotating system and a laboratory clock contains mathematical error and must be rejected. [http://vixra.org/abs/1902.0072]

Reply to "Unscientific behavior of the YARK theory of gravitation" by C. Corda, 2017

We respond to one more attempt by Corda (vixra: 1709.0190v1) in criticizing the Yarman-Arik-Kholm... more We respond to one more attempt by Corda (vixra: 1709.0190v1) in criticizing the Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory, and show the fallacious character of his aggression.

Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory versus infantile harassment and abuse, 2017

We provide our reply to a new attempt by C. Corda where he calumniates Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (Y... more We provide our reply to a new attempt by C. Corda where he calumniates Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory (http://vixra.org/pdf/1705.0287v1.pdf.). It therefore becomes incumbent upon us to once more demonstrate that the origin of his criticism is based on his misunderstanding of the basic aspects of YARK theory, as well as on his misinterpretation of the outcomes of Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system. All of this came to be despite the fact that we had drawn a final point to his agitations in our recent papers published in Annals of Physics in 2015 and 2016 in response to his adverse behavior.

Unabridged Response to "The Mössbauer rotor experiment and the general theory of relativity" by C. Corda: General relativity cannot supply an answer to the extra time dilation in rotor Mössbauer experiments, 2016

A neoteric refitting of general theory of relativity (GTR) by C. Corda - under the strain to supp... more A neoteric refitting of general theory of relativity (GTR) by C. Corda - under the strain to supply an answer to the extra time dilation, contradicting the known classical prediction, measured in ultracentrifuge rotor setups via Mössbauer spectroscopy - demands our reply. According to Corda, decades of science somehow pertinaciously misperceived how to properly apply GTR to make a correct prediction for the actual outcome of Mössbauer rotor experiments, and that-somehow without any detrimental corollary to more than half a century of physics which used to affirm stereotypical laboratory findings along this line as validation of GTR - he straightaway succeeded at devising a "new, strong and independent proof of the correctness of Einstein's vision of gravity" in the face of recent incontrovertible data (including our disclosure of Walter Kündig's rectified 1963 figures) that contradict GTR's classical prediction with respect to the thus-far overlooked additional time dilation at the edge of ultracentrifuge rotors. We show herein that the outstretched attempt by Corda to reinterpret recent Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system as a "new, strong and independent proof of the correctness of Einstein's vision of gravity" (Ann. Phys. 368 (2016) 258), just like his previous attempt (Ann. Phys. 355 (2015) 360) that we had answered before (A.L. Kholmetskii et al., Ann. Phys. 363 (2015) 556), is erroneous, and thus, inadmissible. In addition, we demonstrate that Corda's perfunctory criticism of Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii gravitation theory (in short YARK) is based on the application of ill-posed and specious logic; thus rendering the entirety of his claims against YARK as unfounded and invalid. We wish to emphasize the principal importance of future repetitions of the Mössbauer experiments in question (especially by trying out various other possible configurations on the placement of the source, absorber, and detector), which are sensitive enough to allow a thorough distinction to be made between the predictions of general theory of relativity and YARK theory with regard to the relative energy shift between emission and absorption lines of resonant spectra. We finally discuss further perspectives in the implementation of such experiments with improved precision that can lead to a better understanding as to which theory of gravitation comes closer to explaining reality.

A Last-Ditch Clumsy Effort to Alleviate General Theory of Relativity’s Classical Prediction for the Energy Shift an Object Located at the Edge of a Rotating Disc Would Exhibit, Against its Harmonious Disclosure by the Experimentally Verified YARK Theory of Gravity, 2016

A Last-Ditch Clumsy Effort to Alleviate General Theory of Relativity’s Classical Prediction for t... more A Last-Ditch Clumsy Effort to Alleviate General Theory of Relativity’s Classical Prediction for the Energy Shift an Object Located at the Edge of a Rotating Disc Would Exhibit, Against its Harmonious Disclosure by the Experimentally Verified YARK Theory of Gravity (cf. http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.04212)

Quantal Theory of Gravity for the setup that distinctly describes the torn apart wave-like and corpuscle-like constituents of a test object, 2024

Quantal Theory of Gravity (QTG) is a unique approach that describes interactions between masses b... more Quantal Theory of Gravity (QTG) is a unique approach that describes interactions between masses based on the law of energy conservation. It remains in full symbiosis with Quantum Mechanics (QM) and has the capacity of dealing with bodies behaving both “corpuscle-like” and “wave-like”, regardless of whether it is a question of a photon or ordinary matter. Despite being built on a foundation fundamentally different from the mainstream metric worldview, QTG is able to yield results that are indistinguishable from those of the classical tests that were historically considered to validate the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) of Einstein (C. Marchal et al. Ann. Phys. 454, 169346, 2023). All the same, the conformance between GTR and QTG transpires only in the latter’s “quantal case”. This is where a wave-like object in a gravitational fall must get torn apart into i) an accelerating wavepacket constituent of energy hf=γm0∞c2, whose modus operandi is ipso facto local, and ii) an a fortiori recoiling corpuscular constituent of instantaneous rest mass m0∞e-, which we dub the core. The splitting occurs via a rest mass exchange in-between the wave-packet and the core in accordance with the law of momentum conservation, whence each constituent should be handled distinctly. We thus derive equations of motion for both the wavepacket and the core with regards to respectively the fixed local observer and the remote observer, to the extent that the artifi-ciality of the metric formalism of the past century is brought into question. Still, one can envision a singu-lar test object whose said constituents operate as a whole. Besides this, QTG is capable of accounting for the calculated correction brought to the lately detected anomalous precession of the perihelion of the orbit of Saturn (L. Iorio 2009 AJ 137 3615). We would further like to recall that QTG correctly explains the propagation of corpuscle-like objects such as high-energy γ-quanta; in which case, it predicts the nullifica-tion of gravitational bending. Such a finding can be explained under neither GTR nor other purely metric theories of gravity, and delineates an important aspect regarding the experimental re-confirmation of QTG. It should also be noted that our approach has the capacity to even provide an answer to the elusive quest for dark energy. QTG’s framework is moreover applicable to any non-radiative field the test object might interact with, insofar as meeting the keystone requirement for establishing the building blocks of a unified theory for all particles and interactions.

Comment on “A Postquantum Theory of Classical Gravity?” by Jonathan Oppenheim (PRX 13, 041040, 2023), 2023

Comment on “A Postquantum Theory of Classical Gravity?” by Jonathan Oppenheim (PRX 13, 041040, 2023)

This study is the continuation of an older musicological work I had co-authored with Bozkurt et a... more This study is the continuation of an older musicological work I had co-authored with Bozkurt et al. [2009, JNMR:38/1 pp.45-70], where I now analyze the match between several more alternative theoretical models and the histogram peaks of collated pitch measurements from audio recordings in 9 makam categories by prominent Turkish musicians. Previously, these histogram peaks were pitted against 53-tone Equal Temperament (53-tET), Yekta-Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek (the 24-tone Pythagorean tuning in force), Yarman-24a (its notable substitute), Karadeniz-41 (a subset of 106-tET) and Yavuzoğlu-48 (in 48-tET). This time, new results indicate an outstanding marksmanship in the contrivance of 79 MOS 159-tET (my 79-tone Qanun tuning) above all others. A "Just Noticeable Difference" (JND) of solely 7-8 cents (¢) unweighted maximum divergence from the histogram peaks-in comparison to the as much as "half a comma" corresponding divergences of the contending 60-tET, 65-tET and 72-tET from the same peaks-enables 79 MOS 159-tET to outclass its competition. When size is an issue however, the "bulk vs. peak-matching performance" of the mentioned three immediate rivals to the 79-tone Qanun tuning are over the top and analogous to each other. All the same, the minimalist Yarman-24 a-b-c-d variants (as direct replacements for Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek) do, despite being about thrice as sparse, deviate from the measured peak values by only "one comma" at most while performing reasonably. The key question therefore is: "Why triple the number of conventional tones just to gain half a comma finer granularity for makams that would still remain coarse?". Likewise, one may ask: "Why double the number of tones whilst technically not managing to overcome the need for commatic alterations?" The findings are discussed in terms of which fixed-pitch approach is more optimal for traditional and modern practice in Turkish Classical/Art/Folk music.

The first co-author had originally posited the decrease of the rest mass of a statically bound ob... more The first co-author had originally posited the decrease of the rest mass of a statically bound object engaging an attractive force field due to the equivalence of mass and energy in Special Theory of Relativity (STR), thereby fulfilling the law of energy conservation. He has further applied offshoots of this idea that he developed along with his colleagues and students to both the cosmological domain and the atomistic domain (as summarızed in Reference 1). This led to the exciting result of bridging the two domains of concern under the same conceptual and mathematical framework. The approach at hand, through full compatibility with quantum mechanics, necessarily betokens the metric variation in the size and the period of time of bound objects in both domains in exactly the same manner. More specifically, the period of time and the size of a test charge stretch conformally nearby a source charge (say, an atomic nucleus) just like the period of time and the size of a test mass stretch conformally nearby a ponderable host mass. Further on, one discovers that there is no single universal space-time fabric to be associated with the host object, be it an atomic nucleus or a neutral ponderable mass; and the outcome depends on whether the given test object behaves wave-like or particle-like vis-à-vis the host body of concern. Herein, the approach of interest is principally considered in terms of an electron getting bound to a nucleus-and more specifically, that of a Hydrogen-like atom-though without any loss of generality. We will show in the elementary case that the Dirac Approach or DA (where we overlook as a rewarding practicality the spin-orbit interaction) and the present approach or PA-which we alternatively call Rest Mass Dynamics (RMD)-amazingly yield identical results, though along with these crucial differences: i) the DA, or in general QED, cannot cope with the bound-muon decay-rate retardation, whereas the PA can; ii) the PA provides, though slim, an explanation with regards to the observed discrepancies of the order of Z 6 α 6 (where Z is the atomic number and α is the fine structure constant) between experimental results and corresponding quantum electrodynamical predictions; iii) the application of the Coulomb Force, contrary to the incorrect general usage, is hereby solely relegated to electric charges strictly at restwhere the distance between the electron and the proton is to be measured by an observer attached to the electron; iv) our RMD inherently leads to the de Broglie relationship without any external assertion for it either in the micro or macro domains, which strongly justifies the deployment of the PA firstly in the simplest Bohr-like case to be juxtaposed against the corresponding DA; v) the PA, no matter how electrically charged the atomic nucleus may be, does not allow any black holes or BHs (which, at a first glance, might be evoked due to the rest mass depletion in static binding), just like it does not allow cosmological BHs-all the while every other prediction it makes is as much the same in the atomistic domain as those led to by the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) in the celestial domain within the contemporaneous measurement precision.

The present approach, which we named as "Quantal Theory of Gravity" (QTG), is based on the law of... more The present approach, which we named as "Quantal Theory of Gravity" (QTG), is based on the law of energy conservation and remains in full symbiosis with quantum mechanics (QM). Despite being built on different foundations, QTG and the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) yield practically identical results for the majority of classical problems historically considered to validate GTR. All the same, QTG successfully combines metric and dynamical methodologies, and, in the quantal case, delivers a new motional equation in the presence of gravity and a novel metric expression of space-time wherefrom one can independently derive all of the classical findings of the past century. What is more, QTG separately explains the propagation of projectile-like entities, such as high-energy gamma-quanta, in which case it predicts a drastic decrease of gravitational bending. This latter result falls outside the scope of GTR, as well as other purely metric theories of gravity, and constitutes an important aspect with regards to the experimental test of QTG.

Motivated by the successes of Yarman's Approach that engendered YARK (Yarman-Arık-Kholmetskii) th... more Motivated by the successes of Yarman's Approach that engendered YARK (Yarman-Arık-Kholmetskii) theory of gravity, we question the correctness of Natural Units commonly used in Quantum Field Theory and other areas of physics and advance a suitable way of normalizing SI in order to make the utmost theoretical speed limit of light c and the Planck Constant h unities, as well as universal constants, respectively. Our metrological approach reveals a rectified value for the elementary charge e when SI is normalized and then re-normalized without disturbing the meaningfulness of the related physical dimensions. All this is especially relevant within the context of the 20 May 2019 international decision to fix the Planck Constant to a definite value while letting the kilogram vary instead. One thus remarkably ends up with the need to restore the uncertainty parts of the elementary charge in contrast to the latest redefinition.

BRIDGING GENERAL RELATIVITY WITH QUANTUM MECHANICS, 2021

We show that the present approach and the General Theory of Relativity (GTR), though very differe... more We show that the present approach and the General Theory of Relativity (GTR), though very different from each other, yield pratically the same results, in cases where the test particle of concern behaves in a quantal, i.e. wavelike fashion, vis-à-vis the source of gravity. Otherwise, a projectile-like behaving particle, such as a high-energy γ-quantum, does not virtually interact with the source of gravity, which is a feature that GTR cannot cope with. In the quantal case, we deduce in turn, a metric approach, which, unlike the Schwartzschild metric, does not posess singularities. All the same, such a metric is not really needed to be formulated beforehand, in the aim of tapping the stable orbits, the present approach leads to directly. But of course it is still useful particularly to put in perspective a comparitive analysis of GTR and our approach. Ours, contrary to GTR, is based on just the law of energy conservation, embodying the mass and energy equivalence of the Special Theory of Relativity (STR), together with our insight as to the changes bound objects delineate, occur inside the interacting particles; it is further, in full symbiosis with Quantum Mechanics (QM). Within such a framework, we can reach, all, one customarily aims to tap. Our approach remains, furthermore valid, for all force fields, with regards to bound objects, and in the atomistic world, provides an excellent remedy, with regards to the divergences between QED predictions & experimental results.

received and accepted dates provided by the publisher other relevant dates provided by the publis... more received and accepted dates provided by the publisher other relevant dates provided by the publisher PACS 95.30.Sf-Relativity and gravitation; 76.80.+y-Mössbauer effect Abstract-The following is a short overview of the different attempts to interpret, via various relativistic effects, the results of Mössbauer rotor experiments so as to show that such attempts remain unsuccessful thus far. In particular, we demonstrate that the most recent idea to explain the extra energy shift disclosed by our team between emission and absorption resonant lines (next to the usual time dilation effect) via the Coriolis acceleration of an orbiting resonant absorber (Benedetto et al., EPL, 132 (2020) 49001) contradicts the physical essence of the Mössbauer effect and should be withdrawn.

ÖZET Bu yazı, Cumhuriyet Devrimleri yapılırken Alaturka müziğin kurumsal düzlemde yasaklanmasında... more ÖZET Bu yazı, Cumhuriyet Devrimleri yapılırken Alaturka müziğin kurumsal düzlemde yasaklanmasında Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK'ün rolünü çok yönlü irdelemektedir ve yasakların Gazi'nin bilgisi dışında ya da hilafına olduğu, yahut kendisinin musıki inkılabından hayatının sonlarına doğru vazgeçtiği yönündeki popüler iddiaların geçersizliğini belgeler zemininde ortaya koymaktadır.

ABSTRACT This manuscript broadly analyzes the role of Mustafa Kemal ATATURK with respect to the institutional ban on Alla Turca music during the Republic Reformations, and establishes via documents that popular claims concerning how the bans were outside the knowledge or against the wishes of the Ghazi or that he later turned away from the ideal of music reformation in his final years are invalid.

* Bu makale, İÜDK çatısı altında yayımlanan Konservatoryum Dergisine (Darülelhan'ın Kuruluşunun 100. Yılı özel sayısına) çağrılı yollandığı ve titizlikle formatlandığı halde-üstelik sözkonusu Kurumun Müzikoloji Bölümü'nde Profesör Doktor bir hoca olmama karşın-tarafıma resmi bir gerekçe iletilmeksizin reddedilmiştir.

WEIGHTLESSNESS IN SUPER-DENSE MASS MEDIA VIA QUANTUM MECHANICS: YARK THEORY PREDICTS A SOFTENED REDSHIFT THAN GTR DOES, IN CRUISE NEAR OUR GALACTIC CENTER, AND POSSIBLY, NONE BEYOND , 2019

The present article is prepared based on our recent draft [1], which was stimulated by an article... more The present article is prepared based on our recent draft [1], which was stimulated by an article published in Hubble / ESA News, in 11th of July 2019 [2], reporting observations, on particularly the “black hole” (BH) at the heart of the spiral galaxy NGC 3147 made of 250x106 solar mass, and located 130 million light-years away. We posted it [1] in 26th of July. Day after, we happily got acquainted with [3], which, on the 25th of July, came to report redshift observations on the star S0-2 which were captured through its cruise nearby Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), located in the center of our galaxy. Sgr A* bears a mass of M=4 million Solar Mass, within a size of R=2.24x109 km. While Andrea Ghez, as one leader of the team who achieved the work done in [3], stated that [4] "Einstein is right, at least for now”, and “their observations are consistent with Einstein's theory of general relativity (GTR)”; the report [3] still evokes that, the measured values of redshift delienated by S0-2, are better considered, just the way we have anticipated [1], thusly, for the altituted of concern, to be softer considerably than what is predicted by the General Theory of Relativity. So much so that, Dr. Ghez added this [4]: “GTR is definitely showing vulnerability, and it cannot fully explain gravity inside a black hole, and at some point we will need to move beyond Einstein's theory to a more comprehensive theory of gravity that explains what a black hole is”. As a matter of fact, as of now, with respect to the redshift displayed by S0-2 through its passage near Sgr A*, YARK (Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii) Theory, is a candidate to cope better with observations, in predicting a detectable “softening of redshift”. All the more that YARK theory does not involve, any singularity, and can at this point, deal with the immediate vicinity, furthermore, the space inside of a BH, incomparably better than, what GTR can. Anyway, the redshift softening, YARK Theory predicts, as compared to what is predicted by GTR, behaves as proportional to the power of 3/2 of the gravitational potential per unit mass (α), i.e., as α3/2, and in effect points astoundingly to “strict weightlessnes” in a super-dense mass medium.

We show that a new attempt by C. Corda to once more rehash his so-called "synchro-nization effect... more We show that a new attempt by C. Corda to once more rehash his so-called "synchro-nization effect" in order to account for the origin of the extra energy shift between emitted and absorbed radiation in Mössbauer rotor experiments (C. Corda, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, doi: 10.1142/S0218271819501311) is yet again erroneous, just as were his previous attempts (Ann.). The correct approach presented herein with regards to the calculation of the energy shift between emitted and absorbed radiation in a rotating system leads to, as a matter of fact, no specific "syn-chronization effect".

ABSRACT Herein we present the overall (gravitational + special relativistic) redshift, light comi... more ABSRACT Herein we present the overall (gravitational + special relativistic) redshift, light coming from an object revolving around a supermassive body, delineates, as predicted by the General Theory of Relativity (GTR), and Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) Theory. We particularly focus to intense gravity, following the article published in Hubble / ESA News, in 11th of July 2019 (Reference 1), reporting the observations of a team led by Dr. Stefano Bianchi, who targetted particularly the "black hole" at the heart of the spiral galaxy NGC 3147 made of 250x10 6 solar mass, and located 130 million light-years away [1]. The team looked at it, as close as 70 Schwarzchild radii (amounting to roughly 1x10 9 km), from the center of the supermassive body. The predictions offered by GTR and YARK Theory, differ only by α 2 /2 from each other, near the event horizon, where GTR delienates the known singularity cutting all information out, whereas YARK Theory delienates no singularity whatsoever, yet allowing a black star for low energy EM Radiation; α is definied, as usual as, G 0 M/rc 2 ; G 0 is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the host body, r is the distance of the given location in consideration to the center of the host body, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. In the general case, where α 2 /2 is negligile as comapred to α, both theories, as can be right away stated, forsee an overall redshift described by the factor 1-3α/2; where 1-α stands for just the gravitational component, were the client object bound to the host celestial body, at rest, and 1-α/2 stands for the special relativistic component, were the client object furthermore in motion. The obervations in question, can resolve for good, the puzzle posed by the extraordinary overlap between results predicted by GTR and YARK Theory, which embody yet irremediable incompatibilities.

Energy losses from binary stars according to YARK gravitation theory, 2017

In comparison to expected emission of gravitational waves (GWs) from inspiralling celestial bodie... more In comparison to expected emission of gravitational waves (GWs) from inspiralling celestial bodies as posited under general theory of relativity (GTR), energy losses from binary star systems come into play within the framework of Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Results obtained using YARK for the case of binary stars are herein applied to the known decay of the Hulse-Taylor binary system , where a perfect agreement between calculated and experimental data is achieved without recourse to the classical hypothesis about GWs. Our finding can henceforth be added to the numerous successes of YARK theory in satisfactorily accounting for modern astrophysics and laboratory observations. As of this moment , YARK remains the only alternative to GTR due to successfully explaining the origin of the GW150914 and GW151226 signals beyond the GW mechanism. PACS: 95.30.Sf [Keywords: GW150914 event — GW151226 event — Hulse-Taylor binary system— gravitational waves — YARK theory]

CLARIFICATION OF "OVERALL RELATIVISTIC ENERGY" ACCORDING TO YARMAN'S APPROACH (>>> Parana Journal of Science and Education >>> ), 2018

In this essay, we will attempt to clarify the concept of "overall relativistic energy" according ... more In this essay, we will attempt to clarify the concept of "overall relativistic energy" according to Yarman's Approach; which happens to be the underlying framework of Yarman-Arık-Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory. The reformed meaning of this key concept is, in juxtaposition to the general theory of relativity (GTR), shown to subtly differ from particularly the Newtonian understanding of the "total energy of a system" as just being the "sum of constituent kinetic and potential energies".

The Quantal Theory of Gravity (QTG): SAME OUTLOOK FOR BOTH THE COSMOS AND THE ATOM, 2024

This is the presentation I, Professor T. Yarman, made through Zoom to the International Conferenc... more This is the presentation I, Professor T. Yarman, made through Zoom to the International Conference held in honor of my Colleague Professor P. Rowlands in Crete-Greece on the 23rd of September 2024, as well bearing the links to both the YouTube video of a re-cast painstakingly edited by my Dear Son Professor O. Yarman and the interesting comments provided by the AI Perplexity.

REDSHIFT OF LIGHT FROM S0-2, A STAR REVOLVING AROUND THE CENTER OF OUR GALAXY, IN GTR AND IN YARK GRAVITATION THEORY, 2020

REDSHIFT OF LIGHT FROM S0-2, A STAR REVOLVING AROUND THE CENTER OF OUR GALAXY, IN GTR AND IN YARK... more REDSHIFT OF LIGHT FROM S0-2, A STAR REVOLVING AROUND THE CENTER OF OUR GALAXY, IN GTR AND IN YARK GRAVITATION THEORY

Kuruluşunun Yüzüncü Yılında Darü'l-Elhan'a Armağan, Prof. Dr. Gülçin Yahya Kaçar (ed.) & Murat Altan Erik (red.), ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ BAŞKANLIĞI Yayını, Ankara: 143-166, 2018

Yerli Klasik, Dini ve Sanatsal müzik kültürümüzde, meşk yöntemiyle öğretimin vazgeçilmezliği bili... more Yerli Klasik, Dini ve Sanatsal müzik kültürümüzde, meşk yöntemiyle öğretimin vazgeçilmezliği bilinmektedir. İrticalen üretilen Halk havaları için de, aynı düzeyde olmasa bile, benzer bir durum sözkonusudur. Her iki halde de, “bir ustanın” nezaretinde yürütülen ve notanın daha ziyade hatırlatıcı olarak değerlendirildiği yaklaşım ön plandadır. Gelenekselliğe ve muhafazakarlığa ağırlık veren çevrelerde nota hakkındaki yaygın kanaat, makamlara ait perdelerin ve ustalara ait tavırların kağıt üstünde birebir temsil edilemeyeceği yönündedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, gerek 24-perdeli Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek, gerek 53-kommalık Kemal İlerici/Muzaffer Sarısözen notalama sistemlerinin entonasyon eksikliklerini gidermede, meşk devreye girmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hem kağıt üstünde hem bilgisayardan duyum destekli olarak, Uşşak, Hüseyni, Saba, Hüzzam gibi makamların entonasyon inceliklerini hiç değilse bir katman daha derin ifade etmeye uygun 24-perdeli alternatif bir notalama ileri sürülmektedir. Böylece, meşk esnasında gösterilmek istenen perde esneklikleri, özellikle segah, eviç ve saba perde bölgelerinin ayrıntılandırılmasında, bir düzeye kadar noktasal temsil edilebilecektir. Önerilen alternatif sistem, Batı çoksesliliği ile de uyumlu olma avantajına sahiptir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Meşk, Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek, İlerici, Sarısözen, notalama, makam, perde, entonasyon

ARTES YAYINLARI, 2010

Bu kitabın içinde yeralan düşüncelerin ve çalışmaların vücuda gelmesine öncü katkılarından ve her... more Bu kitabın içinde yeralan düşüncelerin ve çalışmaların vücuda gelmesine öncü katkılarından ve her daim gösterdikleri yakın teveccühten dolayı, sevgili musiki muhibbanı dostlar M. Kemal Karaosmanoğlu’ya, Can Akkoç’a, Ömer Tulgan’a, Uğur Keçecioğlu’ya ve Mehmet Emin Kakan’a kalbi şükranlarımı sunarım.

Ses Dünyamızda Yeni Ufuklar’ın hızlı bir şekilde gün ışığına çıkmasına omuz veren değerli editör-yayıncım sevgili Erdem Sivas’a ayrıca minnettarım.

Dr. Ozan Yarman
Nisan 2010, İstanbul

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Bu kitap, Klasikal Batı müziği formasyonunda yoğrulmuş bir Türk sanat ve fikir adamının, 1998’de ses dünyamızın nev-i şahsına münhasır iklimi içine döndükten sonra, 12 eşit sesten ibaret bir müzik alfabesi ile yetinemeyeceğini görerek, müzik icrasında, kuramcılığında ve bestecilikte yükselirken, son 10 yıl boyunca alanında ortaya koyduğu yenilikçi temel yaklaşımların bir manzumesidir.

Yazar, ileri düzeyde piyanist ve yorumcu olmanın yanı sıra, kısa zaman zarfında ney, yaylı tanbur ve kanun da öğrenir; makam ve seyir kainatına atılır; bu kainatın özel perdelerinin tanımlanmasında ve sonraki kuşaklara aktarılmasında karşılaşılan güncel nazari/teknik meselelere eğilir; bu istikamette olarak, müzik matematiği alanında kendini yetiştirir; farklı Ses-düzenlerini ve Temperamanları bilgisayar destekli çalışır, uzun uzadıya bunların hesaplarına dalar; kendi piyanosunu sırf kulaktan çeşitli Temperamanlara akortlayacak seviyeye erişir; akustik piyanolardan mikrotonları duyuracak bir mekanizma bile tasarlar; geliştirdiği bütünsel bir Ses-düzenine göre yepyeni bir kanun hazırlatır ve bu kanunu çalgının üstadlarına denetip onların takdirlerine mazhar olur; ayrıca, değişik beklentilere yönelik alternatif Ses-düzenleri ileri sürer; önerdiği düzenlerin mikrotonal notasyon fontlarını tasarlar; ortaya koyduğu nazari/teknik çalışmaları akademik ve mesleki camia ile paylaşır ve önde gelen isimlerle tartışır.

“Ses Dünyamızda Yeni Ufuklar”, oktav aralığını basma-kalıp eşit parçalara ayırmaktan veya saf beşliler zinciriyle dizi inşa etmekten öteye gidilemeyen bir çevrede, seslerin, aralık¬ların, vuruların ve armonilerin hesabını fevkalade iyi bilen çok yönlü bir akademisyen-müzisyenin, bir gün her yönüyle ele almayı düşlediği gelişkin “makam polifonisi” özlemi içinde, derin süzgeçlerden geçirilmiş ses dünyası analizlerini, önerilerini ve “karşı tarafa” yönelik kılı kırk yaran amansız kritiklerini okuyucularla buluşturuyor.

Dr. Ozan Yarman’ın özgün çalışmalarına www.ozanyarman.com sitesinden ulaşabilirsiniz.

Master Tezi, 2001

Önsöz - Foreword “Geleneksel Türk Müziği”, yani “Türk Musıkisi”, dinleyenleri tarafından hayranl... more Önsöz - Foreword

“Geleneksel Türk Müziği”, yani “Türk Musıkisi”, dinleyenleri tarafından hayranlıkla anılan teksesli (tekezgili) bir müzik türüdür.

Şu var ki, Batılı çağdaşlarına kıyasla, musıkinin nasıl olup da armoni ve kontrapunto gibi “ileri müzik donanımlarından” uzak kaldığı sorunsalı, karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Kimi musıkişinaslara göre, bu tür donanımlara Türk Musıkinin “ihtiyacı yoktur”. Benzer çizgideki kimilerine göre ise, bu tür donanımlar Türk Musıkinin “dokusuna aykırıdır”, onun “doğasını bozar niteliktedir”.

İlk bakışta, sözkonusu açıklamalar tatminkâr olmaktan uzak görünmektedir. Böyle bir çerçevede, Türk Musıkisinin neden çağdaş ve ileri uygulamalardan uzak kaldığı, çok ciddi bir tartışma gerekliliği olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

Aynı doğrultuda, Geleneksel Türk Müziği dünyasında ortaya konmuş olan fevkalade saygıdeğer çoksesli yapıtların, niçin yaygınlaşamadığını sorgulama gerekliliği de karşımızda belirmektedir.

Bu iki mesele; olabilecekse, Türk Musıkisinin geniş beğeni kazanabileceği şekliyle, çağdaşlarının düzlemine nasıl taşınabileceğine ilişkin, alabildiğine birikim ve emek gerektiren bir “çokseslileşme uğraş alanını” işaret ediyor olmaktadır.

Bu çalışma, işte sözkonusu düşünce odakları üzerine yapılandırılmıştır.

ZWILLINGE VERLAG, 2016

The long-standing conflict between the “Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek” System and Turkish Maqam Music practic... more The long-standing conflict between the “Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek” System and Turkish Maqam Music practice has been established through computer analyses of audio recordings by master musicians such as Neyzen Niyazi Sayın and Tanburi Necdet Yaşar. Results incontrovertibly manifest the delibarate employment of multifarious middle second intervals peculiar to the genre, yet evaded by the current model. These middle seconds are roughly expressible as 2/3, 3/4, and 4/5 tones, and often referred to by the protagonists of the Music Reformation in Türkiye during the early 20th century as “quarter-tones”.

While the frequency ratios of the Pythagorean theory in effect are naturally limited by prime 3, the middle seconds observed in performance and dubbed “mücenneb bölgesi” (the mujannab zone) by Yalçın Tura require the employment of superparticular simple-integer ratios whose numerators or denominators are mathematically constrained by as high a prime as 13. Here, prime-limit denotes the mathematical constraint by the highest prime in the factorization of both the numerator and denominator of a given frequency ratio for any set of intervals in a Just Intonation system.

It is maintained that non-conformance arose because the 24-tone Pythagorean theory in effect was specifically engendered by what may properly be named the ‘Yekta-Arel-Ezgi School’ to ward off these “quarter-tones” which allegedly affliated the Maqam Music heritage to Byzantine & Arabs. It may be said that the ‘Yekta-Arel-Ezgi School’ condoned alienating theory to practice in an effort to save the genre from the disfavour of the new regime.

The author debunks the current model for falling short of accomodating played intervals, and shows that, the 24 tone Pythagorean tuning used in notation and music education embodies only five 2/3 tones and two 3/4 tones between uncommon, hence unrecognized tone pairs – that is to say, at untraversed and inconvenient locations – rendering it a model far from representing actual practice.

The author predicates, furthermore, that historical and contemporary alternatives such as the 17-tone Abjad Scale, late-Ottoman Phonetic Notations like Kantemir, Osman Dede, Harutin and Hamparsum, Arabic 24-tone Scales, Oransay’s 29-tone Tuning, and Karadeniz’s 41-tone subset out of 106 equal divisions of the octave – although most of them settle into a global 106-tone equal temperament grid – cannot favourably reflect the plethora of microtones observed in performance either. Detailed analysis for each of these options is presented herein.

The fact that metallic levers on qanuns called “mandals” – which are manipulated by the executant on the fly to alter the lengths of the courses – are affixed by qanun-makers on these instruments in such a way as to yield 72 equal divisions of the octave due to the common usage of standard electronic tuners imported from overseas, is proof that the widespread “53 equal commas to the octave” methodology is most likely confined to paper, and that, a higher resolution is demanded by performers of Turkish Maqam Music.

Since 53-tone equal temperament does not appear to be applied to qanuns, and dividing the octave into 72 parts is none other than the sixfold elaboration of “twelve equal steps per octave” methodology of Western Music, it henceforth becomes a necessity to devise a tuning which is more compatible with Turkish Maqam Music tradition.

On these grounds, a novel 79-tone tuning has been developed and implemented on a unique custom-made qanun by the author. This one-of-a-kind Turkish qanun was manufactured by Ejder Güleç in 2005, a renown instrument maker in Izmir, and acclaimed by music circles at various occasions. The 79-tone tuning, which has been derived from a subset of 159 equal divisions of the octave, is minutely explained in this work and defended as a solution to overcome persisting issues regarding the accurate representation and consistent understanding of maqamat.

A complementary Sagittal Notation® has been adapted to the 79-tone tuning and explained in this dissertation. With the employment of only three microtonal accidentals in addition to ordinary sharps and flats, it becomes possible to express subtle nuances of pitch in Maqam Music. Also, Sagittal Notation® may serve as a gateway to future maqam polyphony.

As a preliminary approach to 79-tone maqam theory, some main and composite maqams have been notated to demonstrate the capabilities of the 79-tone tuning. Categorizing and redefining maqams as main and composite, as opposed to their division into simple and composite/transposed in “Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek” theory, is an innovation by the author in this thesis. Problematic maqams such as Hüzzam and Saba are consistently notated with the pitches of the 79-tone tuning.

Compared to other approaches to maqam theory, the 79-tone tuning appears to be most suitable for the notation, transposition, and harmonization of complex 13-limit scales.

ESRA BERKMAN'IN "ABLETON İÇİN 16 MAKAM" BESTECİKLERİME DÖNÜK ANALİZLERİ (İngilizce'ye çeviriler: OZAN YARMAN), 2024

Prof. Dr. Esra Berkman'ın "Ableton için 16 Makam" çalışmama dönük ezgisel analizleri ve bunların ... more Prof. Dr. Esra Berkman'ın "Ableton için 16 Makam" çalışmama dönük ezgisel analizleri ve bunların tarafımdan İngilizce çevirileri.

2 Mayıs 2024, Perşembe

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Turkish Makamlar WITH Ableton LIVE 12 (Ozan Yarman)
https://youtu.be/3ZfWiQK0yB0

Turkish Makamlar for Ableton LIVE 12 (Ozan Yarman)
https://youtu.be/JjAs80c-Hys