Doganay Tolunay | Istanbul University (original) (raw)

Papers by Doganay Tolunay

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Aug 6, 2014

Uludağ, kuzeybatısında yeralan Bursa şehrinin hava kirliliğinden etkilen m ektedir. Bursa'nın hav... more Uludağ, kuzeybatısında yeralan Bursa şehrinin hava kirliliğinden etkilen m ektedir. Bursa'nın hava kirliliği asit sis ve yağış şeklinde Uludağ'daki orman toplum lannın ve özellikle göknar ağaçlarının zarar görmesine neden olm akta dır. Toprakların çoğunun sığ olması ve pH'Iarmın düşük olması da hava kirlili ğinin etkilerini arttırmaktadır. Bu ekolojik ilişkilerin daha kolay anlaşılabilmesi için, bu yazıda Uludağ'ın jeom orfolojik, klim atik, pedolojik özellikleriyle veje tasyon karakteristikleri ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmıştır. 1. GİRİŞ Uludağ, B ursa ilinin güneydoğusunda yeralm aktadır. Bursa'dan başlayarak dik eğim lerle 2543 m yüksekliğe ulaşan Uludağ kütlesi Eskişehir'in batısına kadar uzanmaktadır. Uludağ bu yüksekliği ve yaygınlığı ile Marmara Bölgesi'nin ve Batı A nadolu'nun en yüksek dağlık kütlesini oluşturm aktadır. Uludağ, orman serveti bakımından ve bitki türleri zenginliği ile olduğu kadar, yüksek kesim lerinin hemen hemen yılın yansında karla örtülü olması, geniş dinlenme ve tatil imkânları ve İstan bul'a yakınlığı ile büyük bir turizm potansiyeline de sahiptir. K ütlenin birdenbire yükselmesi ile oluşan değişik yükselti-iklim kuşaklan ve bakıya bağlı olarak çok zengin bir bitki örtüsü görülür. B unlardan başka Plıilippson (1904), Cvijic (1908) ve Messerli (1967)'ye dayanarak Çepel (1978) U ludağ'ın ülkem izdeki buzul oluşumlarının ilk görüldüğü yer olduğunu bildirmektedir. Yukarıda sayılan bu özellikleri gözönüne alınarak Uludağ'da 1961 yılında milli park kurulmuştur. Uludağ, eteklerinde bulunan Bursa'nın yarattığı hava kirliliğinden önemli ölçüde etkilenmek tedir. Özellikle kuzey yönden esen hakim rüzgârlann ve yağışlı iklimin etkisiyle, bu hava kirliliği nin derecesi önemli boyutlara ulaşabilmektedir. Bu yazıda Uludağ'ın kendine özgü orman toplumlannın, hava kirliliğinden nasıl etkilenebile cekleri incelenmiştir. 1) İ.Ü. O rm an Fakültesi, Toprak İlmi ve Ekoloji Anabilim Dalı.

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology

Spatial variations and sources of atmospheric pollution by measuring of 48 major and trace elemen... more Spatial variations and sources of atmospheric pollution by measuring of 48 major and trace elements were determined in Iskenderun industrial region using tree components samples (pine needle, bark, branch, stem and litter) and soil samples taken from 21 industrial sites and 6 background sites. The highest elemental concentrations were found at industrial sites and generally a decreasing trend with distance was observed. For most of the crustal elements, contamination factors (CF, element concentration in polluted area/element concentration in background area) were low (< 2). For Bi, Cr, Pb, Sn, and Zn, the Iskenderun region was classified as seriously contaminated (8 < < 27), while for several elements, including Cd, Ag, Cr, As, Fe, Mn, Sn, Mo, Se, Pb, Ni, Sb and Zn the region was classified as moderately contaminated (3.5 < < 8). Sources of trace elements in Iskenderun industrial region were investigated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA have identified ...

Annals of Forest Science, 2021

• Key message Canopy closure and stand age significantly affected the litter decomposition. There... more • Key message Canopy closure and stand age significantly affected the litter decomposition. Therefore, stand-specific decomposition constants (k) should be calculated in forest carbon models for more accurate carbon budget estimation. Furthermore, to reduce the carbon release from decomposing litter, regeneration cutting should be carried out at later ages, and heavy thinning should not be implemented in mature as well as overmature stands. • Context Decomposition of litter has an important role in primary production with its influence on nutrient release for plant uptake and carbon flux in forest ecosystems. Thus, understanding the effects of the intervention on litter decomposition is crucial for carbon management in forestry. • Aims The effects of stand structure and exposure on litter decomposition rate in Pinus sylvestris stands were investigated. • Methods Samples were taken from young to overmature stands with open to dense canopy. The litterbag method was used to measure the mass loss of the litter. The k values were calculated from the mass loss of decaying litter. Carbon and nitrogen contents of the litter were determined. • Results Cutting caused the decomposition to accelerate at a rate of up to 58% depending on its intensity. The k values were found to fluctuate over time from 0.189 in moderately dense-canopied stands to 0.317 in open-canopied overmature stands. Stand basal area, incubation time, and remaining carbon concentration of the litter accounted for 75% of the variation in the k value. • Conclusion Changes in the stand structure affect the litter decomposition rate in forest ecosystems. Heavy thinning can alter the litter decomposition process drastically, while moderate thinning may not have a clear effect in the long run.

Aim of the study: Sand dunes occupy a large proportion of the TerkosLake, Istanbul-Turkey, and it... more Aim of the study: Sand dunes occupy a large proportion of the TerkosLake, Istanbul-Turkey, and its movement by wind threatened the important municipal water resource. It's also a significant location because of being the first afforestation and dune restoration study in Turkey concerning to stabilize coastal dune movements. Currently, 1674 hectares of maritime pine plantation area exists on Terkos coastal dune site. Introduced maritime pine trees have stabilizing performance and growth on sandy material which has poor water and nutrient capacity, however, critically important aim of this research on soil carbon to improve understanding soil carbon sequestration on coastal sand dunes. Material and Methods: Sampling design was mainly set on the development stages of stands. 15 sample plots from each development stages according to (DBH) tree diameters of 0-8 cm; 9-20 cm; 21-35 cm and <36 cm with abbreviations a, b, c and cd respectively. Thus a total of 60 sample plots were sel...

Introduction Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the most widespread organic contamina... more Introduction Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the most widespread organic contaminants and their atmospheric concentrations have to be monitored closely due to their adverse effects on organisms. Monitoring POPs at several sites to determine their spatial variations has technical, physical and economical limitations when active air samplers are used. Biomonitoring the POPs via tree leaves, needles, and bark for routine spatial and temporal monitoring has been used as a low–cost alternative method 1,2 .

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2015

A field experiment was conducted in Terkos (Durusu) dune forest plantation to investigate carbon ... more A field experiment was conducted in Terkos (Durusu) dune forest plantation to investigate carbon accumulation under umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) plantation at Istanbul, Turkey. 60 sample plots were established in the field of study. Sample lots were divided into Four tree density based to tree diameter at breast height (DBH) normally a > 8 m, b= 8-20 m, c= 20-36 m and cd < 36 m in the area planted with umbrella pine. Each group of density was consist 15 plots. In all sample plots litters and soil samples were collected. Litters samples were taken from 20x20 cm area. Soil samples were taken from 6 different layers such as (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-70 cm and 70-100 cm) depth to determine sand, silt and clay percentages, soil acidity (pH), organic carbon contents and organic carbon masses. Results obtained shows that there is an effect on soil organic carbon in (0-5 cm) depth and therefore, sand dunes movement were stabilized accordance to the organic matter deco...

Turkish Journal of Forestry | Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 2020

Bu calismada, Turkmen Dagi’ndaki kapalilik ve gelisim caglari bakimindan farkli dogal karacam (Pi... more Bu calismada, Turkmen Dagi’ndaki kapalilik ve gelisim caglari bakimindan farkli dogal karacam (Pinus nigra Arnold) mescerelerinde, toprak ustu bitkisel kutle, agac bilesenlerinin (ibre, dal, kozalak, kabuk ve diger) yillik dokum miktari, yillik dokum ile olu ortuye ulasan karbon ve bitki besin elementleri (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu) miktarlari belirlenmistir. Calisma Haziran 2012 ve Haziran 2013 tarihleri arasinda yurutulmustur. Calisma alaninda ortalama yillik dokum miktari 3.449 kg/ha/yil olarak bulunmustur. Toplam dokum icinde ibre dokuntulerinin orani % 53 olup, ibreleri % 25 ile kozalak, % 11 ile diger dokuntuler, % 6 ile kabuk ve % 5 ile dal izlemektedir. Dokum miktarlari mescere tiplerine gore farklilik gostermektedir ve genel olarak kapalilik ve mescere ortalama capi arttikca dokum miktarlari da artmaktadir. Dokum ile ekosisteme giren yillik karbon ve bitki besin maddesi (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) miktarlari, sirasiyla 1.744 kg/ha/yil, 10,11 kg/h...

Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 2020

Çalışmada karışık baltalık ormanın ibreli saf ormana dönüştürülmesinin, bu ibreli ormanın yeniden... more Çalışmada karışık baltalık ormanın ibreli saf ormana dönüştürülmesinin, bu ibreli ormanın yeniden aynı türle ve baltalık ormanın tıraşlanarak baltalık şeklinde gençleştirilmesinin ölü örtü ve toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla hızlı gelişen türlerle ağaçlandırmaların gerçekleştirildiği Kerpe Araştırma Ormanında (Kocaeli, Türkiye) çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 34 alan örneklenmiştir (yaşlı baltalıklar (YY), baltalıkların tıraşlanmasından sonra dikilen kırklı yaşlı 1. nesil sahil çamı (Pinus pinaster Aiton) ağaçlandırmaları (1NÇm) ve yaşlı sahil çamı ağaçlandırmalarının tıraşlanıp yeniden sahil çamı dikilen on yaşındaki ikinci nesil sahil çamı alanlarından (2NÇm) onar örnek alan; yaşlı baltalıkların tıraşlanması ile gelişen on yaşındaki genç yapraklı baltalıklardan (GY) 4 örnek alan). Çalışma sonucunda 2NÇm alanı ölü örtüdeki karbon ve besin maddesi stoklarının önemli derecede azaldığı ve 10 yıllık dönemde 1NÇm alanlarıyla oluşan farkların kapanmadığı belirlenmiştir. Topraklardaki organik karbon stokları 2NÇm alanda 1NÇm alana göre %31, GY alanda YY alana göre %28 oranında daha yüksek bulunmasına rağmen bu farkların istatistiksel açıdan önemli olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Benzer durum azot stokları için de söz konusudur. Fosfor stokları ise 2NÇm ve GY alanlarda YY alanlara göre sırasıyla %73 ve %71 kadar azdır ve bu farklılık istatistiksel açıdan önemlidir. K ve Mg stokları arasında önemli farklar tespit edilmemiş, ancak azalmaların olduğu dikkat çekmiştir. Sonuç olarak tür değişikliğinin ve 2. nesil ağaçlandırmaların ölü örtü ve topraklardaki karbon ve besin maddesi stoklarını etkilediği ortaya konmuştur.

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2020

This study explored the environmental impact of the large-scale projects, the 3rd Bridge across t... more This study explored the environmental impact of the large-scale projects, the 3rd Bridge across the Bosphorus and 3rd Airport, carried out in the last decade leading to the massive deterioration of the northern forest area in Istanbul. Destroyed forest area was assessed through relevant changes in land classification detected by multi-temporal Landsat data of Istanbul between 2009 and 2016. The magnitude of destroyed carbon stocks and related CO 2 emission together with the reduction in the CO 2 absorption potential inflicted by massive land-use change were also calculated. Observed results indicated that approximately 15,000 ha of forest area was destroyed in 7 years, corresponding to a 7% ultimate loss in the total forest area. The total land cover change for the same period was determined as 11.5% of the study area. The extent of land cover changes indicated that more than 4.4 million tons of CO 2 were additionally emitted to the atmosphere, due to observed reduction of carbon stocks between 2009 and 2016. More than 70% of the total C/CO 2 emission associated with land cover changes could be attributed to the loss of forest land. In addition, destroyed forestland corresponded to a CO 2 absorption loss of 0.3 million tons CO 2 /year equivalent to the emission of 830,000 people in Istanbul.

The Science of the total environment, 2018

A significant area of the oak forests in Turkey has been historically managed by short-rotation c... more A significant area of the oak forests in Turkey has been historically managed by short-rotation coppicing for wood production. Coppice management was almost abandoned in Turkey in 2006 and so investigating its impact on forest carbon (C) sequestration has become an important issue. Therefore, we investigated the net effect of this change in management on C sequestration by oak forests in Turkey using field measurement data and a forest C model (Forest Biomass and Dead organic matter Carbon (FBDC) model). The FBDC model estimated the annual forest C dynamics and considered the effect of the substitution of wood for fossil fuels under two management scenarios over a 100-year period: (1) abandoning coppice (no management) and (2) continuing coppice (20-year-interval harvest). The field measurement data were used to parameterize the FBDC model to the study sites and to verify the simulated C stocks. Continuing coppice management constrained an increase in the C stocks (116.0-140.3 Mg C ...

Forests, 2017

Dead woody debris is a significant component of the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. This study... more Dead woody debris is a significant component of the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. This study was conducted in coppice-originated oak forests to determine carbon stocks of dead woody debris in addition to carbon stocks of different ecosystem compartments from the same area and forests which were formerly elucidated. Weight and carbon stocks of woody debris were determined with recent samplings and compared among development stages (diameter at breast height (DBH, D 1.3m)), namely small-diameter forests (SDF) = 0-8 cm, medium diameter forests (MDF) = 8-20 cm, and large-diameter forests (LDF) = 20-36 cm). Total woody debris was collected in samplings; as bilateral diameters of all woody debris parts were less than 10 cm, all woody parts were in the "fine woody debris (FWD)" class. The carbon concentrations of FWD were about 48% for all stages. Mass (0.78-4.92 Mg•ha −1) and carbon stocks (0.38-2.39 Mg•ha −1) of FWD were significantly (p > 0.05) different among development stages. FWD carbon stocks were observed to have significant correlation with D 1.3m , age, basal area, and carbon stocks of aboveground biomass (Spearman rank correlation coefficients; 0.757, 0.735, 0.709, and 0.694, respectively). The most important effects on carbon budgets of fine woody debris were determined to be coppice management and intensive utilization. Also, national forestry management, treatments of traditional former coppice, and conversion to high forest were emphasized as having substantial effects.

Annals of Forest Science, 2016

• Key message Simulated and observed carbon stocks in Scots pine forests varied considerably with... more • Key message Simulated and observed carbon stocks in Scots pine forests varied considerably with stand age. The contribution of biomass to the total forest carbon stocks increased and that of dead organic matter decreased with increasing stand age. • Context Understanding changes in forest carbon stocks over time is important to estimate carbon inventory. Although Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a main species in Turkey, studies on such changes are still lacking. • Aims We aimed to estimate the changes in carbon stocks, with stand age, of Scots pine stands in Turkey using field work data and a forest carbon model (FBDC model). • Methods Biomass and dead organic matter carbon stocks were investigated to adjust the forest carbon model and to verify the model estimates. Forest carbon stocks with regards to stand age were simulated. • Results The simulated carbon stocks were generally in clear agreement with the observed values on a stand scale. Changes in simulated and observed carbon stocks of biomass and dead

Chemosphere, 2016

h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Results indicated that the iron-steel plant... more h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Results indicated that the iron-steel plants are the major POP emitters in Iskenderun. Tree components, litter and soil reflected the spatial variations of atmospheric POPs. Atmospheric POP concentrations could be estimated from the bark measurements.

The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2016

Several trace and macro elements (n=48) were measured in pine needle, branch, bark, tree ring, li... more Several trace and macro elements (n=48) were measured in pine needle, branch, bark, tree ring, litter, and soil samples collected at 27 sites (21 industrial, 6 background) to investigate their spatial and historical variation in Aliaga industrial region in Turkey. Concentrations generally decreased with distance from the sources and the lowest ones were measured at background sites far from major sources. Spatial distribution of anthropogenic trace elements indicated that their major sources in the region are the iron-steel plants, ship-breaking activities and the petroleum refinery. Patterns of 40 elements that were detected in most of the samples were also evaluated to assess their suitability for investigation of historical variations. Observed increasing trends of several trace and macro elements (As, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, V, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Hg) in the tree-ring samples were representative for the variations in anthropogenic emissions and resulting atmospheric concentrations in Al...

Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 1999

As a consequence of atmospheric pollution, trace elements accumulate in forest ecosystems. Theref... more As a consequence of atmospheric pollution, trace elements accumulate in forest ecosystems. Therefore, measurement of pollutants in tree barks and leaves/needles has been commonly used to determine the level and spatial distribution of air pollution in an area. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of various trace elements in Aliaga industrial region, Turkey. Leaf litter and tree component samples (bark, leaf/needle and branch) of two pine species (Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea) were collected at 27 different sampling sites. All collected samples were analyzed for several trace elements (Ag,

Environmental Impact II, 2014

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from thirty-eight tree species (twenty broad ... more Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from thirty-eight tree species (twenty broad leaved and eighteen coniferous) grown in Turkey were measured. BVOC samples were collected with a specialized dynamic enclosure technique in forest areas where these tree species are naturally grown. In this method, the branches were enclosed in transparent nalofan bags maintaining their natural conditions and avoiding any source of stress. The air samples from the inlet and outlet of the bags were collected on an adsorbent tube containing Tenax. Samples were analyzed using a thermal desorption (TD) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. Sixty-five BVOC compounds were analyzed in five major groups: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpens, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and other oxygenated VOCs. Emission factors were calculated and adjusted to standard conditions (1000 μmol/m 2 s photosynthetically active radiation-PAR and 30°C temperature). Consistent with the literature, broad leaved trees emitted mainly isoprene while the coniferous trees emitted mainly monoterpenes. Even though fir species are coniferous trees, they emitted significant amounts of isoprene in addition to monoterpenes. Oak species showed a large inter-species variability in their emissions. Pine species emitted mainly monoterpenes and substantial amounts of oxygenated compounds.