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Conference Presentations by ninik suhartini

poster by ninik suhartini

This paper elaborates on how urban basic services has been developed by different stakeholders in... more This paper elaborates on how urban basic services has been developed by different stakeholders in informal settlements. Furthermore, this paper explains how urban informality has contributed in filling the gaps of urban basic services managed by the formal arrangements and in providing adequate access for urban populations. Using a case study of water provision in informal settlements in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia, this paper elaborates types and governance arrangements of urban basic services in four informal settlements.

Approaches utilised to identify physical characteristics of informal settlements are mainly based... more Approaches utilised to identify physical characteristics of informal settlements are mainly based on standards and approaches applied by formal planning theories (for example see Dovey 2012, Arefi, 2011, Suditu and Valceanu 2013). Subsequently, planning and development that follow these approaches remain highly connected on those produced by the formal system, which are proven to be less effective in resolving urban issues and challenges.
Traditionally, typologies have focused on aspects such as building forms, land tenure, and occupation status. As a guideline, criteria based on suggestions made by Dovey and King (2011) about urban morphology of informal settlement and Jones (2015) regarding typologies of informal settlements. Instead of using the common features utilised in assessing formal settlements such as land uses, infrastructures, open space, hierarchy of centres, blocks and zones, this paper applies Jones’s criteria on general as well as unique characteristics of informal settlements. These are expressed in housing, alleyways, setbacks, drainage and water connection, economy activities, provision of electricity, sanitation, public private interface and governance. This includes an analysis on types, materials, uses, design, placement, quality, and service coverage of each typology. In this case, four locations of informal settlements in Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia are examined. Combining these approaches in analysing physical characteristics of informal settlement, the analysis produces both general and detail explanation in how adaptive and responsive built forms, patterns and structures are developed and established in the informal settlements. Furthermore, this research provides relevant recommendations in terms of enhancing the quality of life for urban residents in developing countries.

Welcoming the 2016 Research Excellence of Sydney University, the HDR Students of Faculty of Archi... more Welcoming the 2016 Research Excellence of Sydney University, the HDR Students of Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, present:
2015 RESEARCH VISIONS CONFERENCE + EXHIBITION: Fostering Pathways from Research to Practice

Talks by ninik suhartini

Papers by ninik suhartini

The urban book series, 2023

Urban Governance and Informal Settlements, 2019

This chapter focuses on providing the theoretical and contextual framework regarding urbanization... more This chapter focuses on providing the theoretical and contextual framework regarding urbanization, the complexity of urban development and the importance of urban governance in addressing urban issues and challenges. The concept of rapid urbanization with its impacts and consequences such as informal settlements is explored with a focus on developing countries and mid-sized cities, especially in Asia. The related concept of urban governance including its technical, political, cultural and institutional dimensions are disentangled, argued as a necessary component of urban management given urban governance is a wider and more encompassing concept than ‘government’. The chapter argues that the role of urban governance in providing basic urban services in developing countries is complex and multidimensional, cutting across key planning and management constructs such as formal, informal and hybrid governance arrangements. In many contexts, urban governance has co-evolved from formal arra...

Urban Governance and Informal Settlements, 2019

The methodology used to obtain data and information to explore the research questions and themes ... more The methodology used to obtain data and information to explore the research questions and themes of inquiry is elaborated. The rationale for using a case study approach is outlined as is the importance of Indonesia, a fast-growing country with the fourth largest population in the world. Indonesia is one of the economic ‘powerhouses’ of Asia, predicted to be among the world’s leading countries in the next decade in terms of economic growth, development and international affairs. The geography and history of administration in Jayapura is reviewed, shifting from Dutch colonial occupation to a strongly controlled province under Indonesia’s hierarchical system of government administration. Population, land use, land tenure, socio-cultural and ethnic aspects and the urban economy are assessed, noting much growth has occurred since Papua was designated an autonomous administrative region in 1993, and Jayapura now being an important strategic border city. The chapter concludes by focusing on the unique characteristics of urbanization as emerging in Jayapura, including informal settlements continuing to flourish alongside formal development.

Urban governance as a concept has been evolving in the urban policy discourse in the last decades... more Urban governance as a concept has been evolving in the urban policy discourse in the last decades in the context of developing countries, from emphasising the role of formal government to the myriad of arrangements in urban development and management. Even though the outcomes are varied among countries in coping with rapid urbanisation, governments of developing countries maintain conventional planning and development system. As a result, urban space is subsequently produced by part of the urban population who have little concern and interest with formal planning rules, and by implication are excluded from such rules and regulations. Recent planning literature confirms that urban informality is now a major mode of urbanisation. Rapid urban growth experienced by Indonesia during the last decades has resulted in an imbalanced growth among islands in this country. Urbanisation has contributed to a widening disparity between megacities in Java and outer islands, with Papua Province the ...

Urban Governance and Informal Settlements, 2019

This concluding chapter summarizes the main research findings and their relation to the broader d... more This concluding chapter summarizes the main research findings and their relation to the broader discourse on urban governance in developing countries as discussed in the literature, plus their contribution to theory development and policy implications. This chapter revisits the main areas of inquiry and findings for each key theme, namely, (1) the types, processes and stakeholders that constitute formal urban governance in the provision of basic urban services; (2) who and how the stakeholders gain and benefit ‘on the ground’ from formal urban governance in basic urban service provision; and (3) how individuals, groups and communities who do not benefit directly from formal urban governance, organize and access governance to meet their basic urban service needs. What emerges is the fundamental role of urban governance in urban management and service provision and the reality that no ‘one size’ governance arrangement fits all. Most importantly, the melting pot of factors and variable...

Urban Governance and Informal Settlements, 2019

This Chapter explores the nexus between the formal planning objectives for Jayapura and the outco... more This Chapter explores the nexus between the formal planning objectives for Jayapura and the outcomes ‘on the ground’ as reflected in plan implementation. Spatial planning outcomes include the implementation of the Spatial Plan of Jayapura and the Detailed Spatial Plans and their impact on the urban quality of life. The outcomes of spatial planning include the distribution of resources allocated for settlement improvement as indicated in the plans. The implementation of Law No. 21 of 2001 regarding the Special Autonomy for Papua residents in Jayapura provides an opportunity for the local government to modify the planning outputs to be more ‘flexible and responsive’ to local basic urban service needs. Thus, it is observed that the upper level tools of formal governance such as the Spatial Plan of Jayapura and the Detailed Spatial Plans are more rigid, while lower levels are more fluid and responsive to local needs and circumstances. Spatial planning, for example, benefits stakeholders who are directly involved in the planning process and is primarily oriented to residents who live in the planned settlements. On the other hand, development planning benefits a wider range of target groups such as those defined by Law No. 21 of 2001. The development planning process has strong connections to sectoral planning priorities and provides greater flexibility to address the wider needs of marginalized ethnic groups, such as Papuan customary land owners in the unplanned settlements. As a result, a range of self-organized basic urban services have evolved ‘on the ground’ especially in informal settlements.

This chapter explains the types, processes and outputs of the formal governance system in Jayapur... more This chapter explains the types, processes and outputs of the formal governance system in Jayapura so as to accommodate basic urban service demands of a diverse mix of urban residents. This chapter discusses formal urban governance as applied in Jayapura, namely, the concurrent spatial, development and sectoral planning processes and the influence they have in respect of the differing provision of basic urban services for housing, water and sanitation. The analysis of planning documents reveals that structures, processes and stakeholders involved in the urban planning and development process in Jayapura are provided for by laws and regulations at both national and regional levels and nuanced to some degree at the local level. Law 26 of 2007, namely, Spatial Management, regulates the types of involvement of different stakeholders in terms of spatial planning, implementation and control. Law 25 of 2004 regarding the National Development Planning System regulates the types of involveme...

Urban Governance and Informal Settlements, 2019

In the context of basic urban services formally delivered by the Municipal Government and other s... more In the context of basic urban services formally delivered by the Municipal Government and other stakeholders, either individually, in groups or in combination, such as with state-owned companies, NGOs, international donors and community members, Chapter Six elaborate on the types and nature of basic urban service arrangements emerging in informal settlements as produced by a range of governance mechanisms. Four informal settlements in Jayapura are reviewed to assess trends and patterns, namely, Argapura Bawah, Batu Putih, Dok IX and Kayu Pulo. These settlements represent communities from various kin and ethnic backgrounds, urban locations and land tenure patterns in Jayapura. The chapter highlights key features of governance arrangements that provide basic urban services including the mechanisms applied in managing land, leadership and the organization of basic urban service provision. The results as revealed in the four settlements and strongly supported by an innovative typology a...

The Urban Book Series, 2019

Journal of Perencanaan Wilayahdan Kota (Journal of Urban and Regional Planning), Institut Teknologi University, Bandung, Indonesia., 2014

Jones, P, and Suhartini, N.

Urban Governance and Informal Settlements: Lessons from Jayapura City, Indonesia, 2019

The objective of this book is to better understand the nature of urban governance regarding the p... more The objective of this book is to better understand the nature of urban governance regarding the provision of basic urban services in rapidly growing mid-sized towns and cities in developing countries. Set within the context of understanding urban planning and management within the wider city setting, the study focuses on the provision of the basic urban services of housing, water and sanitation especially within informal settlements. Using the case study of the mid-sized city of Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia, the publication explores: (i) the types, processes, and stakeholders that constitute formal urban governance in the provision of basic urban services; (ii) understanding how stakeholders gain and benefit from ‘on the ground’ formal service arrangements, and why; and (iii) for those who do not directly benefit from the formal arrangements, how individuals, groups and communities organize and access governance to meet their basic urban needs.
The methods employed to better understand the nature of urban governance and its relationship to the provision of basic urban services comprised primary (face-to-face household surveys interviewing 448 respondents, ground mapping at a plot size level in four informal settlements, and semi-structured interviews with 12 stakeholders) and secondary data regarding urban governance, planning and management. The study reveals that urban governance arrangements in fast growing mid-sized cities have emerged both formally and informally to cope with basic urban service needs across a range of settlement types and socio-cultural groups. The major modes of governance arrangements in the informal settlements consist of traditional, formal and informal, and hybrid governance which co-evolve as their boundaries overlap and intersect through time at varying levels of ‘equilibrium’. The ‘governance equilibrium’ represents a ‘balance’ at a specific point and place in time in how stakeholders utilize and share resources, and access various contributions.

The book summarises the structure, processes and outcomes of the Research Visions 2015: Student-L... more The book summarises the structure, processes and outcomes of the Research Visions 2015: Student-Led Conference and Exhibition, held by Higher Degree Research (HDR) Students of Faculty of Architecture, Design, and Planning, the University of Sydney. The event was aimed at providing an opportunity for HDR Students to present and to exhibit their research progress, to connect with their future employers and to strengthen their organisational and leadership skills.