Alper BABA | İZMİR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (original) (raw)
Papers by Alper BABA
Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 2008
... 111 Study area Geographical settings The Dündar landslide covers an area of 28 hectares and i... more ... 111 Study area Geographical settings The Dündar landslide covers an area of 28 hectares and is located in the northwestern portion of the Anatolian Peninsula (Fig. 1A). ... (1976), Emre (1986), Gökmen et al. (1993) and Tanrıverdi (2001). ...
The naturally occurring aqueous Arsenic (As) and other toxic elements are found around the world.... more The naturally occurring aqueous Arsenic (As) and other toxic elements are found around the world. The present study concentrates on arsenic concentrations, speciation and related microbial diversity in a hydrothermal system in Western Turkey. The surface temperatures of hot springs reach up to 90°C and deep well (reservoir) temperatures vary in the range of 40 to 230°C. The elements such as As, B, Br, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, V and Zn are found in high concentration in hydrothermal waters. Hydrogeochemically, Seferihisar hot spring exhibited a Na-Cl water type. On the other hand, Karahayıt, Pamukkale, Emirfakı, Alaşehir and Sart exhibit a Ca-HCO 3 water type and Çitgöl exhibited a Na-HCO 3-SO 4 water type. The arsenic (As) concentrations in geothermal waters of Western Anatolia have been detected to range from 0.03 mg/L to1.5 mg/L, including Buharkent (İnaltı) (1.50 ± 0.005 mg/L), Kızıldere (1.13 ± 0.005 mg/L), Eynal (0.71 ± 0.005 mg/L) and Sarayköy (0.06 ± 0.004 mg/L). Arsenic (III) is the dominant species in geothermal water of Western Anatolia.
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2005
The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to i... more The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to its underground cities as well as fairy chimneys on the surface. The man-made structures were caved in soft tuffs more than 1500 years ago; thus, many researchers studied the mass properties of rackous materials in the region to evaluate as construction materials. In this
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010
Widespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration exist as outcrop ... more Widespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration exist as outcrop around the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. Most of the springs in the study area surface out from these altered volcanic rocks. The concentrations of aluminum (Al) in these springs ranged from 13.17 to 15.70 ppm in this region. These high levels of Al were found to exceed the maximum allowable limits (0.2 ppm) depicted in national and international standards of drinking water quality. Therefore, the effect of high Al in water resources on human health was evaluated in this research. A total of 273 people aged above 18 years and living in the Kirazli region (whose water supply is from springs emerging from these alteration zones) and in the Ciplak-Halileli region (whose water supply is provided from an alluvium aquifer) were selected as the research group. For this group, a questionnaire was completed that contained questions on descriptive characteristics of humans and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered by the authors using the face-to-face interview technique. A neurological examination was then performed by the neurology specialist as a second-stage investigation. Finally, 10 ml of venous blood samples were obtained from these people as a third-stage analysis to determine the serum Al levels together with vitamin B 12 , folic acid, and thyroidstimulating hormone parameters. The result typically revealed that the MMSE score was less in 31.9% and there was no statistically significant difference between the two regions. However, the result also showed that neuropathy in the history (including a careful past medical history) was significantly higher in the Kirazli region.
Biga Peninsula located at northwestern Anatolia on southern segment on the dextral North Anatolia... more Biga Peninsula located at northwestern Anatolia on southern segment on the dextral North Anatolian Fault and has many important geothermal potential areas. There are known 14 geothermal system namely Tuzla, Kestanbol, Hidirlar, Kirkgeçit, Kocabaslar, Bardakçilar, Palamutoba, Akçakeçili, Küçükçetmi, Külcüler, Tepeköy, Çan, Topaklar and Etili. Among them, an important field is the Hidirlar geothermal field, situated at the southeast of the Biga Peninsula. This field is in a tectonosedimentary basin and controlled by different trending faults. It has a potential usage about 87,7°C surface discharge temperature. Three thermal springs sampled in the Hidirlar geothermal field. They have named as Spring, Drill and Uyuz. Their surface temperatures are Spring=77,5°C, Drill=57,7°C and Uyuz=53,6°C. According to the result of hydro-geochemical analysis and diagrams, thermal waters are generally Na-SO4 and Na-SO4-HCO3 water types. Assessments of chemical geothermometers applied to the thermal waters, suggest that reservoir temperatures are 90°C-163°C for Spring, 81°C-149°C for Drill and 83°C-161°C for Uyuz. Around Hidirlar geothermal field, have been determined five different geological units. Lower-Middle Triassic aged Nilüfer Unit of Karakaya Complex is the basement unit. Late Oligocene aged Çakiroba granodiorite and Çan volcanic rocks overlie the basement metamorphic rocks with an unconformity. Neogene aged Örencik Formation, Quaternary aged slope washes and alluvium cover all older units with angular unconformity. Main structural trends have ENE-trending normal faults and they have been cutting by youngest NE-trending normal faults with a dextral strike-slip component. All thermal water springs are arranged on the NE-trending youngest faults. Both fault-slip data and joint measurements, mainly in granodiorites, show an active local extensional tectonic regime on southern segment of North Anatolian Fault. This local tectonic regime determined as the compressional (maximum stress axis, sigma 1) direction (N192±82°E) in center as vertical, NNE-trending extensional (minimum stress axis, sigma 3) direction (N21±23°E) and WNW-trending intermediate stress axis (sigma 2) direction (N114±9°E) in horizontal plane. Joints and faults which develop under these stress directions allow surface cold water's going underground. Depending to geothermic gradien these waters get warmer at the depth of crust and reach to surface again by these normal faults and joint system in Hidirlar geothermal system. According to these results, this geothermal system can suggest for Hidirlar geothermal field. Because of basement rocks exposure wide areas and around thermal water springs, metamorphic rocks cannot create a close system. Therefore these rocks don't have reservoir rock property. Granodiorites can be an important reservoir rock, because hot fluid can circulate inside and even get warmer. This geothermal field is fed by only meteoric water. Heater of this system is both geothermic gradient and granidiorites. Cap rock of this system can suggest as Neogene aged Örencik Formation.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
A two-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate species of selenium transport in... more A two-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate species of selenium transport in two dimensions in both saturated and unsaturated soil zones. The model considers water, selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine uptake by plants. It also considers adsorption and desorption, oxidation and reduction, volatilization, and chemical and biological transformations of selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine. In addition to simulating water flow, selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine transport, the model also simulates organic and gaseous selenium transport. The developed model was applied to simulate two different observed field data. The simulation of the observed data was satisfactory, with mean absolute error of 48.5 microg/l and mean relative error of 8.9%.
Environ Monit Assess, 2004
Use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated not on... more Use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated not only with gaseous emissions but also with the disposal of ash residues. In particular, use of low quality coal with high ash content results in huge quantities of fly ash to be disposed of. The main problem related to fly ash disposal is the heavy metal content of the residue. In this regard, experimental results of numerous studies indicate that toxic trace metals may leach when fly ash contacts water. In this study, fly ash samples obtained from thermal power plants, namely Soma and Tunçbilek, located at the west part of Turkey, were subjected to toxicity tests such as European Committee for standardization (CEN) and toxicity characteristic leaching (TCLP) procedures of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The geochemical composition of the tested ash samples from the power plant show variations depending on the coal burned in the plants. Furthermore, the CEN and TCLP extraction results showed variations such that the ash samples were classified as 'toxic waste' based on TCLP result whereas they were classified as 'non-toxic' wastes based on CEN results, indicating test results are pH dependent.
The use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated no... more The use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated not only with gaseous emissions but also with the disposal of ash residues. In particular, the use of low quality coals with high ash content results in huge quantities of both fly and bottom ash to be disposed of.
As a result of industry, rapid increase of population and people's unconsciousness of the... more As a result of industry, rapid increase of population and people's unconsciousness of their environment faces Çanakkale with the environmental pollution as seen in the other cities of the country. Çanakkale, with its rich history and culture, is a world city. The city has a National History Park in Gallipoli Peninsula, a National Historic Troy Park and a world heritage,
Tuzla geothermal field is located in north-western Anatolia 80 km south of Canakkale and 5 km fro... more Tuzla geothermal field is located in north-western Anatolia 80 km south of Canakkale and 5 km from the Aegean Sea. Tuzla is an active geothermal area in northwest Turkey hosted by rhyolite lavas and pyroclastic deposits. Geothermal studies of the Tuzla field have been ongoing since 1966. Ten thermal gradient wells were drilled from 50 to 100 m depth in 1974, two deep exploration wells (with a depth range of 814 m - 1020 m), and were drilled in 1982 and 1983 by MTA. Temperatures up to 145°C were observed at 50 m depth in some of these wells. The reservoir depth is in the range of 333 to 553 m in volcanic rock with a temperature of 173°C. The objective of this study is to monitoring and evaluating of the spill of geothermal fluid on soil and water in the Tuzla Geothermal Field, Çanakkale-Turkey. Therefore; total of 22 soil and 20 water samples were collected at two different times between August 2003 and March 2004 and to test for pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC). Global positioning system (GPS) was used to determine the coordinates of sampling points and Arcview 3.2 software's was used for mapping. The result shows that some part of area, between spring and the Tuzla River are extremely affected by spill of geothermal fluid.
... Bu kronik etkiler cilt kanseri, kanser olmayan deri lezyonları ve iş sebebi ile oluşan hava y... more ... Bu kronik etkiler cilt kanseri, kanser olmayan deri lezyonları ve iş sebebi ile oluşan hava yolu kanserlidir. ... Kurşun, hava, su ve toprak yoluyla solunumla ve besinlere karışarak biyolojik sistemlere giren son derece zehirleyici özelliklere sahip bir metaldir. ...
Journal of Applied Sciences
The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to i... more The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to its underground cities as well as fairy chimneys on the surface. The man-made structures were caved in soft tuffs more than 1500 years ago; thus, many researchers studied the mass properties of rackous materials in the region to evaluate as construction materials. In this
NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security
Çan region is rich in clay mines and lignite deposits. Results of major anioncation and some trac... more Çan region is rich in clay mines and lignite deposits. Results of major anioncation and some trace elements in groundwater and surface water around the Çan Plain, showed that groundwater is very reach with calcium-magnesium-sulfate (Ca-Mg-SO4). Its aluminum (Al) concentrations are more than the acceptable maximum standard value. The results show that mining activity has contaminated water sources. The heavily
Turkey is a poor country in terms of fossil fuels whereas it has a large potential for renewable ... more Turkey is a poor country in terms of fossil fuels whereas it has a large potential for renewable resources such as hydropower, wind, solar and geothermal energy. According to some scientific studies, Turkish electricity demand has increased more than 8% per annum as a result of economic development. In this regard, geothermal resources appear to be the one of the efficient and effective solutions for supplying the huge energy demand of Turkey as it is located on one of the most seismically active regions in the world with young volcanism and many active faults. The distribution of geothermal springs in Turkey roughly parallels the distribution of the fault systems, young volcanism and hydrothermally altered areas. Geothermal energy has been used extensively for thermal tourism, district and greenhouse heating, industrial mineral (liquid CO2) production and energy generation in this region since Romans. Turkey has more than 1000 thermal and mineral water springs. The country's installed heat capacity is 2084 MWt for direct use and 114.2 MWe for power production.
Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 2008
... 111 Study area Geographical settings The Dündar landslide covers an area of 28 hectares and i... more ... 111 Study area Geographical settings The Dündar landslide covers an area of 28 hectares and is located in the northwestern portion of the Anatolian Peninsula (Fig. 1A). ... (1976), Emre (1986), Gökmen et al. (1993) and Tanrıverdi (2001). ...
The naturally occurring aqueous Arsenic (As) and other toxic elements are found around the world.... more The naturally occurring aqueous Arsenic (As) and other toxic elements are found around the world. The present study concentrates on arsenic concentrations, speciation and related microbial diversity in a hydrothermal system in Western Turkey. The surface temperatures of hot springs reach up to 90°C and deep well (reservoir) temperatures vary in the range of 40 to 230°C. The elements such as As, B, Br, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, V and Zn are found in high concentration in hydrothermal waters. Hydrogeochemically, Seferihisar hot spring exhibited a Na-Cl water type. On the other hand, Karahayıt, Pamukkale, Emirfakı, Alaşehir and Sart exhibit a Ca-HCO 3 water type and Çitgöl exhibited a Na-HCO 3-SO 4 water type. The arsenic (As) concentrations in geothermal waters of Western Anatolia have been detected to range from 0.03 mg/L to1.5 mg/L, including Buharkent (İnaltı) (1.50 ± 0.005 mg/L), Kızıldere (1.13 ± 0.005 mg/L), Eynal (0.71 ± 0.005 mg/L) and Sarayköy (0.06 ± 0.004 mg/L). Arsenic (III) is the dominant species in geothermal water of Western Anatolia.
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2005
The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to i... more The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to its underground cities as well as fairy chimneys on the surface. The man-made structures were caved in soft tuffs more than 1500 years ago; thus, many researchers studied the mass properties of rackous materials in the region to evaluate as construction materials. In this
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010
Widespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration exist as outcrop ... more Widespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration exist as outcrop around the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. Most of the springs in the study area surface out from these altered volcanic rocks. The concentrations of aluminum (Al) in these springs ranged from 13.17 to 15.70 ppm in this region. These high levels of Al were found to exceed the maximum allowable limits (0.2 ppm) depicted in national and international standards of drinking water quality. Therefore, the effect of high Al in water resources on human health was evaluated in this research. A total of 273 people aged above 18 years and living in the Kirazli region (whose water supply is from springs emerging from these alteration zones) and in the Ciplak-Halileli region (whose water supply is provided from an alluvium aquifer) were selected as the research group. For this group, a questionnaire was completed that contained questions on descriptive characteristics of humans and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered by the authors using the face-to-face interview technique. A neurological examination was then performed by the neurology specialist as a second-stage investigation. Finally, 10 ml of venous blood samples were obtained from these people as a third-stage analysis to determine the serum Al levels together with vitamin B 12 , folic acid, and thyroidstimulating hormone parameters. The result typically revealed that the MMSE score was less in 31.9% and there was no statistically significant difference between the two regions. However, the result also showed that neuropathy in the history (including a careful past medical history) was significantly higher in the Kirazli region.
Biga Peninsula located at northwestern Anatolia on southern segment on the dextral North Anatolia... more Biga Peninsula located at northwestern Anatolia on southern segment on the dextral North Anatolian Fault and has many important geothermal potential areas. There are known 14 geothermal system namely Tuzla, Kestanbol, Hidirlar, Kirkgeçit, Kocabaslar, Bardakçilar, Palamutoba, Akçakeçili, Küçükçetmi, Külcüler, Tepeköy, Çan, Topaklar and Etili. Among them, an important field is the Hidirlar geothermal field, situated at the southeast of the Biga Peninsula. This field is in a tectonosedimentary basin and controlled by different trending faults. It has a potential usage about 87,7°C surface discharge temperature. Three thermal springs sampled in the Hidirlar geothermal field. They have named as Spring, Drill and Uyuz. Their surface temperatures are Spring=77,5°C, Drill=57,7°C and Uyuz=53,6°C. According to the result of hydro-geochemical analysis and diagrams, thermal waters are generally Na-SO4 and Na-SO4-HCO3 water types. Assessments of chemical geothermometers applied to the thermal waters, suggest that reservoir temperatures are 90°C-163°C for Spring, 81°C-149°C for Drill and 83°C-161°C for Uyuz. Around Hidirlar geothermal field, have been determined five different geological units. Lower-Middle Triassic aged Nilüfer Unit of Karakaya Complex is the basement unit. Late Oligocene aged Çakiroba granodiorite and Çan volcanic rocks overlie the basement metamorphic rocks with an unconformity. Neogene aged Örencik Formation, Quaternary aged slope washes and alluvium cover all older units with angular unconformity. Main structural trends have ENE-trending normal faults and they have been cutting by youngest NE-trending normal faults with a dextral strike-slip component. All thermal water springs are arranged on the NE-trending youngest faults. Both fault-slip data and joint measurements, mainly in granodiorites, show an active local extensional tectonic regime on southern segment of North Anatolian Fault. This local tectonic regime determined as the compressional (maximum stress axis, sigma 1) direction (N192±82°E) in center as vertical, NNE-trending extensional (minimum stress axis, sigma 3) direction (N21±23°E) and WNW-trending intermediate stress axis (sigma 2) direction (N114±9°E) in horizontal plane. Joints and faults which develop under these stress directions allow surface cold water's going underground. Depending to geothermic gradien these waters get warmer at the depth of crust and reach to surface again by these normal faults and joint system in Hidirlar geothermal system. According to these results, this geothermal system can suggest for Hidirlar geothermal field. Because of basement rocks exposure wide areas and around thermal water springs, metamorphic rocks cannot create a close system. Therefore these rocks don't have reservoir rock property. Granodiorites can be an important reservoir rock, because hot fluid can circulate inside and even get warmer. This geothermal field is fed by only meteoric water. Heater of this system is both geothermic gradient and granidiorites. Cap rock of this system can suggest as Neogene aged Örencik Formation.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
A two-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate species of selenium transport in... more A two-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate species of selenium transport in two dimensions in both saturated and unsaturated soil zones. The model considers water, selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine uptake by plants. It also considers adsorption and desorption, oxidation and reduction, volatilization, and chemical and biological transformations of selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine. In addition to simulating water flow, selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine transport, the model also simulates organic and gaseous selenium transport. The developed model was applied to simulate two different observed field data. The simulation of the observed data was satisfactory, with mean absolute error of 48.5 microg/l and mean relative error of 8.9%.
Environ Monit Assess, 2004
Use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated not on... more Use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated not only with gaseous emissions but also with the disposal of ash residues. In particular, use of low quality coal with high ash content results in huge quantities of fly ash to be disposed of. The main problem related to fly ash disposal is the heavy metal content of the residue. In this regard, experimental results of numerous studies indicate that toxic trace metals may leach when fly ash contacts water. In this study, fly ash samples obtained from thermal power plants, namely Soma and Tunçbilek, located at the west part of Turkey, were subjected to toxicity tests such as European Committee for standardization (CEN) and toxicity characteristic leaching (TCLP) procedures of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The geochemical composition of the tested ash samples from the power plant show variations depending on the coal burned in the plants. Furthermore, the CEN and TCLP extraction results showed variations such that the ash samples were classified as 'toxic waste' based on TCLP result whereas they were classified as 'non-toxic' wastes based on CEN results, indicating test results are pH dependent.
The use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated no... more The use of lignite in power generation has led to increasing environmental problems associated not only with gaseous emissions but also with the disposal of ash residues. In particular, the use of low quality coals with high ash content results in huge quantities of both fly and bottom ash to be disposed of.
As a result of industry, rapid increase of population and people's unconsciousness of the... more As a result of industry, rapid increase of population and people's unconsciousness of their environment faces Çanakkale with the environmental pollution as seen in the other cities of the country. Çanakkale, with its rich history and culture, is a world city. The city has a National History Park in Gallipoli Peninsula, a National Historic Troy Park and a world heritage,
Tuzla geothermal field is located in north-western Anatolia 80 km south of Canakkale and 5 km fro... more Tuzla geothermal field is located in north-western Anatolia 80 km south of Canakkale and 5 km from the Aegean Sea. Tuzla is an active geothermal area in northwest Turkey hosted by rhyolite lavas and pyroclastic deposits. Geothermal studies of the Tuzla field have been ongoing since 1966. Ten thermal gradient wells were drilled from 50 to 100 m depth in 1974, two deep exploration wells (with a depth range of 814 m - 1020 m), and were drilled in 1982 and 1983 by MTA. Temperatures up to 145°C were observed at 50 m depth in some of these wells. The reservoir depth is in the range of 333 to 553 m in volcanic rock with a temperature of 173°C. The objective of this study is to monitoring and evaluating of the spill of geothermal fluid on soil and water in the Tuzla Geothermal Field, Çanakkale-Turkey. Therefore; total of 22 soil and 20 water samples were collected at two different times between August 2003 and March 2004 and to test for pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC). Global positioning system (GPS) was used to determine the coordinates of sampling points and Arcview 3.2 software's was used for mapping. The result shows that some part of area, between spring and the Tuzla River are extremely affected by spill of geothermal fluid.
... Bu kronik etkiler cilt kanseri, kanser olmayan deri lezyonları ve iş sebebi ile oluşan hava y... more ... Bu kronik etkiler cilt kanseri, kanser olmayan deri lezyonları ve iş sebebi ile oluşan hava yolu kanserlidir. ... Kurşun, hava, su ve toprak yoluyla solunumla ve besinlere karışarak biyolojik sistemlere giren son derece zehirleyici özelliklere sahip bir metaldir. ...
Journal of Applied Sciences
The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to i... more The Cappadocia region of inner Anatolia has been focus of both historians and geologists due to its underground cities as well as fairy chimneys on the surface. The man-made structures were caved in soft tuffs more than 1500 years ago; thus, many researchers studied the mass properties of rackous materials in the region to evaluate as construction materials. In this
NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security
Çan region is rich in clay mines and lignite deposits. Results of major anioncation and some trac... more Çan region is rich in clay mines and lignite deposits. Results of major anioncation and some trace elements in groundwater and surface water around the Çan Plain, showed that groundwater is very reach with calcium-magnesium-sulfate (Ca-Mg-SO4). Its aluminum (Al) concentrations are more than the acceptable maximum standard value. The results show that mining activity has contaminated water sources. The heavily
Turkey is a poor country in terms of fossil fuels whereas it has a large potential for renewable ... more Turkey is a poor country in terms of fossil fuels whereas it has a large potential for renewable resources such as hydropower, wind, solar and geothermal energy. According to some scientific studies, Turkish electricity demand has increased more than 8% per annum as a result of economic development. In this regard, geothermal resources appear to be the one of the efficient and effective solutions for supplying the huge energy demand of Turkey as it is located on one of the most seismically active regions in the world with young volcanism and many active faults. The distribution of geothermal springs in Turkey roughly parallels the distribution of the fault systems, young volcanism and hydrothermally altered areas. Geothermal energy has been used extensively for thermal tourism, district and greenhouse heating, industrial mineral (liquid CO2) production and energy generation in this region since Romans. Turkey has more than 1000 thermal and mineral water springs. The country's installed heat capacity is 2084 MWt for direct use and 114.2 MWe for power production.