Agnieszka Brzeska-Zastawna | Jagiellonian University (original) (raw)
Papers by Agnieszka Brzeska-Zastawna
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 76/2, 227-251, Kraków, 2024
In 2005, during rescue archaeological excavations preceding the building of the A-4 motorway, at ... more In 2005, during rescue archaeological excavations preceding the building of the A-4 motorway, at Site no. 7 in Zakrzowiec, Wieliczka district, a feature interpreted as a grave of the Wyciąże-Złotniki group of the Lengyel-Polgár complex was discovered. The human skeleton was not preserved, but the grave furnishings consisted of two amphorae of the ‘milk jug’ type (German term: Milchtopf, Hungarian term: tejesköcsög). Vessels of this type belong to the basic taxonomic distinction of the Wyciąże-Złotniki group and are known from both graves and settlement sites. One of the vessels from the grave in Zakrzowiec has a unique decoration in the form of discshaped handles (German term: Scheibenhenkels) and a circumferential zigzag pattern formed of short engraved lines. This is the first such decoration on “milk jug” type amphorae known from the Lesser Poland region.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 76/1, 469-496, Kraków, 2024
This article presents the study of a unique artefact in the form of a very large trapezoidal axe-... more This article presents the study of a unique artefact in the form of a very large trapezoidal axe-head with rectangular section from Słupów, Lesser Poland, against the background of Eneolithic phenomena occurring in the
area. The specimen is in the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Kraków since 1929, but has not been discussed until now. It was made by local communities from flint of the G variety, a raw material exploited by
Eneolithic groups in western Lesser Poland. The axe-head from Słupów is one of the largest flint axes to have been discovered on Polish lands. This find provokes a broader discussion of the role of local production of macrolithic four-sided forms against a wider background.
Materiały Archeologiczne 43, Kraków, 2022
In the years 1921-1924 Józef Żurowski carried out large rescue excavations in Książnice Wielkie, ... more In the years 1921-1924 Józef Żurowski carried out large rescue excavations in Książnice Wielkie, discovering the settlements of the Funnel Beaker culture and Funnel Beaker-Baden assemblages, the Corded Ware culture cemetery, and Early Medieval graves. The huge, as yet untapped, research potential of this site has become the reason for a scientific return to Książnice Wielkie. After almost 100 years since J. Żurowski's fieldwork, the Archaeological Museum in Kraków resumed research. In 2017, geomagnetic prospecting was carried out, and since 2018, rescue excavations have been conducted in cooperation with the Institute of Archaeology of Jagiellonian University. In 2018-2019, a further part of the Funnel Beaker-Baden settlement was discovered, along with new Corded Ware culture and Early Medieval graves, as well as Lublin-Volhynian culture and Lusatian culture features.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 2018
The HLC (Heritage–Landscape–Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the ... more The HLC (Heritage–Landscape–Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the Jagiellonian University in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, targets the archaeological heritage of southern Jordan (Tafila region), focusing currently on remains of the Early Bronze Age and earlier cultures that were found in the region. The project has already identified and verified several previously undocumented or poorly documented sites. Its main objective is to establish chronological phasing of human activity in this microregion, particularly during the Early Bronze Age and to assess the scale and nature of human presence in that period. Two sites, Faysaliyya and Munqata’a, were excavated within the frame of the project. The article presents the preliminary results of this work. An important side issue is the protection of Jordanian heritage in the Tafila region through the identification of natural ...
ADAJ 60, 2022
In September 2014 a new Polish research project dedicated to the Early Bronze Age (EB) began. Arc... more In September 2014 a new Polish research project dedicated to the Early Bronze Age (EB) began. Archaeologists and students from the Institute of Archeology of the Jagiellonian University started exploratory work in southern Jordan. The Heritage-Landscape Community (HLC) project research the area located in the vicinity of the city of aṭ-Ṭafīlah. In the years 2014-16, the project focused mostly on surface survey (Kołodziejczyk et al. 2018), while in 2017 excavations at two sites were started. In the years to come new locations will be added to the project. The work is being carried out as part of research project UMO-2016/22/E/HS3/00141, financed by the National Science Center (Poland). The project represents a comprehensive attempt to establish the functioning and significance of southern Jordan during the EB.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2021
In the years 2006-2011, at the site Więckowice 4, rescue excavations were carried out in the east... more In the years 2006-2011, at the site Więckowice 4, rescue excavations were carried out in the eastern part of an extensive (over 15 ha) multicultural zone. The most numerous are the remains of the LBK settlement from the "music note" phase. The southeastern part of the settlement was explored, discovering lines of building pits and post holes belonging to 3-4 longhouses. A particularly unique discovery was a fragment of a LBK vessel with powdered graphite preserved on the outer surface. In addition to the LBK ornament of engraved lines, it is decorated in a manner referring to the ornamentation of the Eastern Linear circle (Tiszadob-Kapušany group). The presence of graphite on the vessel wall has been confirmed by the results of SEM-EDS analyses. This is the first such find in Lesser Poland. To comprehensively address the cultural significance of this find we provide an upto-date overview of graphite usage in a wide range of LBK contexts.
A planitiebus usque ad montes. Studia archaeologica Andreae Pelisiak vitae anno sexagesimo quinto oblata, 2020
The article presents the first results of radiocarbon dating for the Neolithic settlement in Ksią... more The article presents the first results of radiocarbon dating for the Neolithic settlement in Książnice Wielkie in the history of research of this site. AMS dates were obtained from animal bone samples for three settlement pits with Funnel Beaker and Funnel Beaker-Baden materials. These are materials from the research of J. Żurowski, carried out in 1921–1924 and elaborated by B. Burchard and A. Eker
in 1964. The obtained results are an introduction to further work on the absolute chronology of the discussed site. There is also a plan to release a publication of the materials from J. Żurowski’s research. In addition, the results of these analyses will be verified through the
materials from new excavations in Książnice Wielkie, conducted since 2018 by the Archaeological Museum in Kraków and the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean , 2019
A complex picture of the prehistory in southern Jordanian emerges from the excavations of the Jag... more A complex picture of the prehistory in southern Jordanian emerges from the excavations of the Jagiellonian University team, which carried out in 2018 its second season of excavation at the sites of Munqata'a and Faysaliyya, even as analyses of the previous season's finds were underway. Human communities living here between the Neolithic and early Bronze Age practiced both sedentary and mobile lifestyles. The changing landscape around them, caused by natural erosion processes and periodical climate changes, is also factored into the interpretation of the explored relics.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2020
Excavations at site 1 in Książnice Wielkie were conducted between 1921 and 1924 by Józef Żurowski... more Excavations at site 1 in Książnice Wielkie were conducted between 1921 and 1924 by Józef Żurowski. It is one of the most important sites of the Funnel Beaker culture (FBC) in western Lesser Poland (Zastawny and Brzeska-Zastawna 2020). The materials of the FBC with Baden elements were published by Barbara Burchard and Anna Eker, and graves of the Corded Ware culture were published by Jan Machnik (Burchard and Eker 1964; Machnik 1964). This article is focused on the issues related to flint axes discovered in the context of FBC and Funnel Beaker-Baden assemblages. So far they have not been the subject of detailed elaboration.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 72/1, Kraków, 2020
In 1964, Barbara Burchard and Anna Eker published a study of the Funnel Beaker culture materials ... more In 1964, Barbara Burchard and Anna Eker published a study of the Funnel Beaker culture materials from
Książnice Wielkie, Proszowice district. These materials were obtained by Józef Żurowski, who conducted large
rescue excavations in 1921-1924. He has never published the results of research, and the study by B. Burchard
and A. Eker is so far the only comprehensive one of the Funnel Beaker culture settlement there. Since then, this
site has not been the subject of detailed research and analysis. The huge, as yet untapped, research potential of
this site has become the reason for a scientific return to Książnice Wielkie. After almost 100 years since J. Żurowski’s
fieldwork, the Archaeological Museum in Kraków resumed research. In 2017, magnetic prospecting was
carried out, and since 2018, rescue excavations have been directed. Stone artefacts are also being studied, and
radiocarbon analyses of materials obtained in the 1920s are being conducted.
Materiały Archeologiczne 42, Kraków, 2018
Józef Żurowski in 1932 conducted a small-scale research on the hill called Grodzisko in Chełm, Bo... more Józef Żurowski in 1932 conducted a small-scale research on the hill called Grodzisko in Chełm, Bochnia district. The artifacts from this surveys are stored in the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Kraków. It is a site located at a distance of 30 km to south-eastern direction from the middle of Kraków. It is situated in the bend of the Raba River, which is right tributary of the Vistula. The interest of the archaeologists of this place was started in 1880, mainly due to exposed location and assumptions about existence of the early medieval stronghold here. From the research of J. Żurowski derive above all ceramic materials of the Neolithic cultures, mainly of the Baden culture. It settlement was accumulated on the traces of older settlement: the Malice culture, the Pleszów-Modlnica and the Wyciąże-Złotniki groups of the Lengyel-Polgár circle and the Lublin-Volhynian culture. The materials from 1932 must be considered as a collection (lack of documentation), which were obtained from the multicultural layers. Worthy of note are numerous artifacts of the Baden culture from the settlement which was investigated by M. Cabalska over the period 1966-1972. Especially interesting is determining the presence of the Lublin-Volhynian pottery. The sites of this culture have not yet been reported in the western Lesser Poland on the right flank of the Vistula River.
MATERIAŁY ARCHEOLOGICZNE XLII, 2018
W Dziale Zbiorów Dawnych Muzeum Archeologicznego w Krakowie przechowywana jest niewielka kolekcja... more W Dziale Zbiorów Dawnych Muzeum Archeologicznego w Krakowie przechowywana jest niewielka kolekcja zabytków kultury badeńskiej, pochodzących z Trenčína w zachodniej Słowacji. W jej skład wchodzą fragmenty naczyń glinianych oraz narzędzia kamienne wykonane z radiolarytu. Z informacji zapisanych w księgach inwentarzowych wynika, że do zbiorów ówczesnego Muzeum Archeologicznego Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności zabytki trafiły w 1930 roku prawdopodobnie jako dar (nr inw. MAK/6227 z adnotacją: Trenczyn „Słowaczyzna”).
Materiały Archeologiczne 42, Kraków , 2018
The Archaeological Museum in Kraków stores a small collection of the Baden culture artifacts from... more The Archaeological Museum in Kraków stores a small collection of the Baden culture artifacts from Trenčín in western Slovakia. The collection consists of fragments of clay pots and stone tools made of radiolarit.
The artifacts were placed in the Museum in 1930. Except for the place of origin of these findings, the information about the circumstances of their discovery and their archeological context are unknown. The materials can be assigned to the Late Classic Baden horizon. The sites which are dated as such are very scarce in western, and in particular, south-western Slovakia. In this area prevail the findings of the Boleráz group of
the oldest horizon of the Baden complex in Central Europe and the sites of the Post-Baden Bošáca culture.
The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the ... more The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the Jagiellonian University in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, targets the archaeological heritage of southern Jordan (Tafila region), focusing currently on remains of the Early Bronze Age and earlier cultures that were found in the region. The project has already identified and verified several previously undocumented or poorly documented sites. Its main objective is to establish chronological phasing of human activity in this microregion, particularly during the Early Bronze Age, and to assess the scale and nature of human presence in that period. Two sites, Faysaliyya and Munqata'a, were excavated within the frame of the project. The article presents the preliminary results of this work. An important side issue is the protection of Jordanian heritage in the Tafila region through the identification of natural and human agents that may damage or destroy it.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27/1, 2018
The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the ... more The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the Jagiellonian University in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, targets the archaeological heritage of southern Jordan (Tafila region), focusing currently on remains of the Early Bronze Age and earlier cultures that were found in the region. The project has already identified and verified several previously undocumented or poorly documented sites. Its main objective is to establish chronological phasing of human activity in this microregion, particularly during the Early Bronze Age, and to assess the scale and nature of human presence in that period. Two sites, Faysaliyya and Munqata'a, were excavated within the frame of the project. The article presents the preliminary results of this work. An important side issue is the protection of Jordanian heritage in the Tafila region through the identification of natural and human agents that may damage or destroy it.
Badania archeologiczne w Polsce środkowowschodniej, zachodniej Białorusi i Ukrainie w roku 2018, A. Zakościelna (red.), Lublin , 2019
Na okładce: zapinka podkowiasta z Koprzywnicy (X-XI w.), pow. sandomierski (fot. Dorota Awiorko)
Recherches Archéologiques, 2018
This paper presents the inventory of 23 Lower Paleolithic handaxes surface collected at the Faysa... more This paper presents the inventory of 23 Lower Paleolithic handaxes surface collected at the Faysaliyya archaeological site in 2017. The purpose of the paper is to inform about a new collection of handaxes found in the highland region of southern Jordan, provide its detailed description, and draw some preliminary conclusions which may be useful for further studies on numerous lithics materials from Faysaliyya. The site is located in southwestern Jordan, in the northern part of the geographical and historical region of Edom, the Edom Highland. It was discovered during rescue surveys in 2016 and has been exacavated since 2017 by a Polish team from the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University within the framework of the HLC Project. The presented handaxes were made of relatively high quality local flints. They all are characterized by a state of preservation typical for lithic artefacts obtained from a desert environment (patina, weathering). Moreover, most of them bear traces of abrasion and damages, which suggests that they could have been brought to Faysaliyya by fluvial transportation. The handaxes have been classified according to F. Bordes’ typology. They mostly include amygdaloids and sub-cordiforms but several coridiforms, discoidals, sub-triangulars, and a single Miqocian ficron have been distinguished as well. Two artefacts have been classified as miscellaneous forms. In a very few cases, traces of reutilization as flake cores, or some kinds of modification/rejuvenation are visible on the handaxes. Due to their finding context, the group of handaxes presented in this paper cannot be considered as a homogenous assemblage and may consist of artefacts of various chronology. Generally, the analysed handaxes reveal features which are typical of the Late Acheulean, but it cannot be excluded that some of them may be dated to the Middle Acheulean (alternatively Large Flake Acheulean). Thus, the presented inventory seems to be similar to others surface collections of handaxes from southwestern Jordan, such as Fjaje, Wadi Faynan or Wadi Qalkha.
Recherches Archéologiques, 2018
Excavations at the Książnice Wielkie 1 site were carried out in the 1920s by Józef Żurowski. The ... more Excavations at the Książnice Wielkie 1 site were carried out in the 1920s by Józef Żurowski. The site is known to Neolithic researchers primarily as a settlement of the Funnel Beaker culture (Burchard, Eker 1964) and as a cemetery of the Corded Ware culture (Machnik 1964). Furthermore, ceramic materials found there became the basis for distinguishing the Wyciąże-Książnice group2 of the Proto-Baden horizon (Kozłowski 1971; 1989), which refers to the oldest influences from the Baden complex on the local group of the Polgár circle, and the Książnice Wielkie type (Machnik 1966) – the oldest horizon of Corded Ware funerary finds in western Lesser Poland. This article presents the results of analyses of selected flint artefacts – originating from the reutilization of axes – discovered in the context of pottery of the Funnel Beaker culture and the Funnel Beaker-Baden assemblages.
Petroarcheologický výzkum neolitu a eneolitu ve Slezsku, V. Janák, M. Furmanek, A. Přichystal, S. Stuchlík (eds.), Acta archaeologica Opaviensia, Opava, 2018
During the research conducted in the years 1992-1996 at the site 26 in Spytkowice (the Wadowice d... more During the research conducted in the years 1992-1996 at the site 26 in Spytkowice (the Wadowice district, Małopolska province, southern Poland) the extensive settlements of the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) and the Lengyel-Polgár complex (L-PC) were discovered. Based on pottery, the LBK settlement
seems to connected first and foremost with the music-note phase (II). The L-PC pottery is more difficult to associate with specific groups. Currently, we are of the opinion that its vast majority may be referred to the Pleszów-Modlnica group. Practically, all the chipped lithic artefacts were made of the Cracow Jurassic flint. In the case of the LBK settlement the structure of flint inventory and the morphological
characteristics of artefacts clearly indicate its workshop character. Spytkowice 26 was one of the extensive LBK production settlements, located in western Lesser Poland, from which the Cracow Jurassic flint and products made of it reached i.a. the areas of Silesia and Moravia. The settlement (settlements?) connected with the L-PC seems to exhibit similar intensity and use patterns of the Cracow Jurrasic flint. The patterns of the flint raw material economy from both periods give an opportunity for a diachronic comparison of this problem, from the point of view of the network of producers and consumers.
Multas Per Gentes Et Multa Per Saecula. Amici Magistro Et Collegae Suo Ioanni Christopho Kozłowski Dedicant, Kraków, 2018
The lithic industry of the Baden cultural circle in western Lesser Poland is one of the least inv... more The lithic industry of the Baden cultural circle in western Lesser Poland is one of the least investigated issues as regards the chipped lithics of the Neolithic in this region of Poland. The last time this issue was comprehensively tackled was over thirty years ago (Kaczanowska 1982/1983; Balcer 1983). Although reconstructions of cultural relations in western Lesser Poland in the second half of the 4th millennium are ostensibly based on pottery studies, research of the Pre-Baden and Baden flint industries may review and enrich these reconstructions.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 76/2, 227-251, Kraków, 2024
In 2005, during rescue archaeological excavations preceding the building of the A-4 motorway, at ... more In 2005, during rescue archaeological excavations preceding the building of the A-4 motorway, at Site no. 7 in Zakrzowiec, Wieliczka district, a feature interpreted as a grave of the Wyciąże-Złotniki group of the Lengyel-Polgár complex was discovered. The human skeleton was not preserved, but the grave furnishings consisted of two amphorae of the ‘milk jug’ type (German term: Milchtopf, Hungarian term: tejesköcsög). Vessels of this type belong to the basic taxonomic distinction of the Wyciąże-Złotniki group and are known from both graves and settlement sites. One of the vessels from the grave in Zakrzowiec has a unique decoration in the form of discshaped handles (German term: Scheibenhenkels) and a circumferential zigzag pattern formed of short engraved lines. This is the first such decoration on “milk jug” type amphorae known from the Lesser Poland region.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 76/1, 469-496, Kraków, 2024
This article presents the study of a unique artefact in the form of a very large trapezoidal axe-... more This article presents the study of a unique artefact in the form of a very large trapezoidal axe-head with rectangular section from Słupów, Lesser Poland, against the background of Eneolithic phenomena occurring in the
area. The specimen is in the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Kraków since 1929, but has not been discussed until now. It was made by local communities from flint of the G variety, a raw material exploited by
Eneolithic groups in western Lesser Poland. The axe-head from Słupów is one of the largest flint axes to have been discovered on Polish lands. This find provokes a broader discussion of the role of local production of macrolithic four-sided forms against a wider background.
Materiały Archeologiczne 43, Kraków, 2022
In the years 1921-1924 Józef Żurowski carried out large rescue excavations in Książnice Wielkie, ... more In the years 1921-1924 Józef Żurowski carried out large rescue excavations in Książnice Wielkie, discovering the settlements of the Funnel Beaker culture and Funnel Beaker-Baden assemblages, the Corded Ware culture cemetery, and Early Medieval graves. The huge, as yet untapped, research potential of this site has become the reason for a scientific return to Książnice Wielkie. After almost 100 years since J. Żurowski's fieldwork, the Archaeological Museum in Kraków resumed research. In 2017, geomagnetic prospecting was carried out, and since 2018, rescue excavations have been conducted in cooperation with the Institute of Archaeology of Jagiellonian University. In 2018-2019, a further part of the Funnel Beaker-Baden settlement was discovered, along with new Corded Ware culture and Early Medieval graves, as well as Lublin-Volhynian culture and Lusatian culture features.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 2018
The HLC (Heritage–Landscape–Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the ... more The HLC (Heritage–Landscape–Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the Jagiellonian University in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, targets the archaeological heritage of southern Jordan (Tafila region), focusing currently on remains of the Early Bronze Age and earlier cultures that were found in the region. The project has already identified and verified several previously undocumented or poorly documented sites. Its main objective is to establish chronological phasing of human activity in this microregion, particularly during the Early Bronze Age and to assess the scale and nature of human presence in that period. Two sites, Faysaliyya and Munqata’a, were excavated within the frame of the project. The article presents the preliminary results of this work. An important side issue is the protection of Jordanian heritage in the Tafila region through the identification of natural ...
ADAJ 60, 2022
In September 2014 a new Polish research project dedicated to the Early Bronze Age (EB) began. Arc... more In September 2014 a new Polish research project dedicated to the Early Bronze Age (EB) began. Archaeologists and students from the Institute of Archeology of the Jagiellonian University started exploratory work in southern Jordan. The Heritage-Landscape Community (HLC) project research the area located in the vicinity of the city of aṭ-Ṭafīlah. In the years 2014-16, the project focused mostly on surface survey (Kołodziejczyk et al. 2018), while in 2017 excavations at two sites were started. In the years to come new locations will be added to the project. The work is being carried out as part of research project UMO-2016/22/E/HS3/00141, financed by the National Science Center (Poland). The project represents a comprehensive attempt to establish the functioning and significance of southern Jordan during the EB.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2021
In the years 2006-2011, at the site Więckowice 4, rescue excavations were carried out in the east... more In the years 2006-2011, at the site Więckowice 4, rescue excavations were carried out in the eastern part of an extensive (over 15 ha) multicultural zone. The most numerous are the remains of the LBK settlement from the "music note" phase. The southeastern part of the settlement was explored, discovering lines of building pits and post holes belonging to 3-4 longhouses. A particularly unique discovery was a fragment of a LBK vessel with powdered graphite preserved on the outer surface. In addition to the LBK ornament of engraved lines, it is decorated in a manner referring to the ornamentation of the Eastern Linear circle (Tiszadob-Kapušany group). The presence of graphite on the vessel wall has been confirmed by the results of SEM-EDS analyses. This is the first such find in Lesser Poland. To comprehensively address the cultural significance of this find we provide an upto-date overview of graphite usage in a wide range of LBK contexts.
A planitiebus usque ad montes. Studia archaeologica Andreae Pelisiak vitae anno sexagesimo quinto oblata, 2020
The article presents the first results of radiocarbon dating for the Neolithic settlement in Ksią... more The article presents the first results of radiocarbon dating for the Neolithic settlement in Książnice Wielkie in the history of research of this site. AMS dates were obtained from animal bone samples for three settlement pits with Funnel Beaker and Funnel Beaker-Baden materials. These are materials from the research of J. Żurowski, carried out in 1921–1924 and elaborated by B. Burchard and A. Eker
in 1964. The obtained results are an introduction to further work on the absolute chronology of the discussed site. There is also a plan to release a publication of the materials from J. Żurowski’s research. In addition, the results of these analyses will be verified through the
materials from new excavations in Książnice Wielkie, conducted since 2018 by the Archaeological Museum in Kraków and the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean , 2019
A complex picture of the prehistory in southern Jordanian emerges from the excavations of the Jag... more A complex picture of the prehistory in southern Jordanian emerges from the excavations of the Jagiellonian University team, which carried out in 2018 its second season of excavation at the sites of Munqata'a and Faysaliyya, even as analyses of the previous season's finds were underway. Human communities living here between the Neolithic and early Bronze Age practiced both sedentary and mobile lifestyles. The changing landscape around them, caused by natural erosion processes and periodical climate changes, is also factored into the interpretation of the explored relics.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2020
Excavations at site 1 in Książnice Wielkie were conducted between 1921 and 1924 by Józef Żurowski... more Excavations at site 1 in Książnice Wielkie were conducted between 1921 and 1924 by Józef Żurowski. It is one of the most important sites of the Funnel Beaker culture (FBC) in western Lesser Poland (Zastawny and Brzeska-Zastawna 2020). The materials of the FBC with Baden elements were published by Barbara Burchard and Anna Eker, and graves of the Corded Ware culture were published by Jan Machnik (Burchard and Eker 1964; Machnik 1964). This article is focused on the issues related to flint axes discovered in the context of FBC and Funnel Beaker-Baden assemblages. So far they have not been the subject of detailed elaboration.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 72/1, Kraków, 2020
In 1964, Barbara Burchard and Anna Eker published a study of the Funnel Beaker culture materials ... more In 1964, Barbara Burchard and Anna Eker published a study of the Funnel Beaker culture materials from
Książnice Wielkie, Proszowice district. These materials were obtained by Józef Żurowski, who conducted large
rescue excavations in 1921-1924. He has never published the results of research, and the study by B. Burchard
and A. Eker is so far the only comprehensive one of the Funnel Beaker culture settlement there. Since then, this
site has not been the subject of detailed research and analysis. The huge, as yet untapped, research potential of
this site has become the reason for a scientific return to Książnice Wielkie. After almost 100 years since J. Żurowski’s
fieldwork, the Archaeological Museum in Kraków resumed research. In 2017, magnetic prospecting was
carried out, and since 2018, rescue excavations have been directed. Stone artefacts are also being studied, and
radiocarbon analyses of materials obtained in the 1920s are being conducted.
Materiały Archeologiczne 42, Kraków, 2018
Józef Żurowski in 1932 conducted a small-scale research on the hill called Grodzisko in Chełm, Bo... more Józef Żurowski in 1932 conducted a small-scale research on the hill called Grodzisko in Chełm, Bochnia district. The artifacts from this surveys are stored in the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Kraków. It is a site located at a distance of 30 km to south-eastern direction from the middle of Kraków. It is situated in the bend of the Raba River, which is right tributary of the Vistula. The interest of the archaeologists of this place was started in 1880, mainly due to exposed location and assumptions about existence of the early medieval stronghold here. From the research of J. Żurowski derive above all ceramic materials of the Neolithic cultures, mainly of the Baden culture. It settlement was accumulated on the traces of older settlement: the Malice culture, the Pleszów-Modlnica and the Wyciąże-Złotniki groups of the Lengyel-Polgár circle and the Lublin-Volhynian culture. The materials from 1932 must be considered as a collection (lack of documentation), which were obtained from the multicultural layers. Worthy of note are numerous artifacts of the Baden culture from the settlement which was investigated by M. Cabalska over the period 1966-1972. Especially interesting is determining the presence of the Lublin-Volhynian pottery. The sites of this culture have not yet been reported in the western Lesser Poland on the right flank of the Vistula River.
MATERIAŁY ARCHEOLOGICZNE XLII, 2018
W Dziale Zbiorów Dawnych Muzeum Archeologicznego w Krakowie przechowywana jest niewielka kolekcja... more W Dziale Zbiorów Dawnych Muzeum Archeologicznego w Krakowie przechowywana jest niewielka kolekcja zabytków kultury badeńskiej, pochodzących z Trenčína w zachodniej Słowacji. W jej skład wchodzą fragmenty naczyń glinianych oraz narzędzia kamienne wykonane z radiolarytu. Z informacji zapisanych w księgach inwentarzowych wynika, że do zbiorów ówczesnego Muzeum Archeologicznego Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności zabytki trafiły w 1930 roku prawdopodobnie jako dar (nr inw. MAK/6227 z adnotacją: Trenczyn „Słowaczyzna”).
Materiały Archeologiczne 42, Kraków , 2018
The Archaeological Museum in Kraków stores a small collection of the Baden culture artifacts from... more The Archaeological Museum in Kraków stores a small collection of the Baden culture artifacts from Trenčín in western Slovakia. The collection consists of fragments of clay pots and stone tools made of radiolarit.
The artifacts were placed in the Museum in 1930. Except for the place of origin of these findings, the information about the circumstances of their discovery and their archeological context are unknown. The materials can be assigned to the Late Classic Baden horizon. The sites which are dated as such are very scarce in western, and in particular, south-western Slovakia. In this area prevail the findings of the Boleráz group of
the oldest horizon of the Baden complex in Central Europe and the sites of the Post-Baden Bošáca culture.
The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the ... more The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the Jagiellonian University in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, targets the archaeological heritage of southern Jordan (Tafila region), focusing currently on remains of the Early Bronze Age and earlier cultures that were found in the region. The project has already identified and verified several previously undocumented or poorly documented sites. Its main objective is to establish chronological phasing of human activity in this microregion, particularly during the Early Bronze Age, and to assess the scale and nature of human presence in that period. Two sites, Faysaliyya and Munqata'a, were excavated within the frame of the project. The article presents the preliminary results of this work. An important side issue is the protection of Jordanian heritage in the Tafila region through the identification of natural and human agents that may damage or destroy it.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27/1, 2018
The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the ... more The HLC (Heritage-Landscape-Community) archaeological metaproject, carried out since 2016 by the Jagiellonian University in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, targets the archaeological heritage of southern Jordan (Tafila region), focusing currently on remains of the Early Bronze Age and earlier cultures that were found in the region. The project has already identified and verified several previously undocumented or poorly documented sites. Its main objective is to establish chronological phasing of human activity in this microregion, particularly during the Early Bronze Age, and to assess the scale and nature of human presence in that period. Two sites, Faysaliyya and Munqata'a, were excavated within the frame of the project. The article presents the preliminary results of this work. An important side issue is the protection of Jordanian heritage in the Tafila region through the identification of natural and human agents that may damage or destroy it.
Badania archeologiczne w Polsce środkowowschodniej, zachodniej Białorusi i Ukrainie w roku 2018, A. Zakościelna (red.), Lublin , 2019
Na okładce: zapinka podkowiasta z Koprzywnicy (X-XI w.), pow. sandomierski (fot. Dorota Awiorko)
Recherches Archéologiques, 2018
This paper presents the inventory of 23 Lower Paleolithic handaxes surface collected at the Faysa... more This paper presents the inventory of 23 Lower Paleolithic handaxes surface collected at the Faysaliyya archaeological site in 2017. The purpose of the paper is to inform about a new collection of handaxes found in the highland region of southern Jordan, provide its detailed description, and draw some preliminary conclusions which may be useful for further studies on numerous lithics materials from Faysaliyya. The site is located in southwestern Jordan, in the northern part of the geographical and historical region of Edom, the Edom Highland. It was discovered during rescue surveys in 2016 and has been exacavated since 2017 by a Polish team from the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University within the framework of the HLC Project. The presented handaxes were made of relatively high quality local flints. They all are characterized by a state of preservation typical for lithic artefacts obtained from a desert environment (patina, weathering). Moreover, most of them bear traces of abrasion and damages, which suggests that they could have been brought to Faysaliyya by fluvial transportation. The handaxes have been classified according to F. Bordes’ typology. They mostly include amygdaloids and sub-cordiforms but several coridiforms, discoidals, sub-triangulars, and a single Miqocian ficron have been distinguished as well. Two artefacts have been classified as miscellaneous forms. In a very few cases, traces of reutilization as flake cores, or some kinds of modification/rejuvenation are visible on the handaxes. Due to their finding context, the group of handaxes presented in this paper cannot be considered as a homogenous assemblage and may consist of artefacts of various chronology. Generally, the analysed handaxes reveal features which are typical of the Late Acheulean, but it cannot be excluded that some of them may be dated to the Middle Acheulean (alternatively Large Flake Acheulean). Thus, the presented inventory seems to be similar to others surface collections of handaxes from southwestern Jordan, such as Fjaje, Wadi Faynan or Wadi Qalkha.
Recherches Archéologiques, 2018
Excavations at the Książnice Wielkie 1 site were carried out in the 1920s by Józef Żurowski. The ... more Excavations at the Książnice Wielkie 1 site were carried out in the 1920s by Józef Żurowski. The site is known to Neolithic researchers primarily as a settlement of the Funnel Beaker culture (Burchard, Eker 1964) and as a cemetery of the Corded Ware culture (Machnik 1964). Furthermore, ceramic materials found there became the basis for distinguishing the Wyciąże-Książnice group2 of the Proto-Baden horizon (Kozłowski 1971; 1989), which refers to the oldest influences from the Baden complex on the local group of the Polgár circle, and the Książnice Wielkie type (Machnik 1966) – the oldest horizon of Corded Ware funerary finds in western Lesser Poland. This article presents the results of analyses of selected flint artefacts – originating from the reutilization of axes – discovered in the context of pottery of the Funnel Beaker culture and the Funnel Beaker-Baden assemblages.
Petroarcheologický výzkum neolitu a eneolitu ve Slezsku, V. Janák, M. Furmanek, A. Přichystal, S. Stuchlík (eds.), Acta archaeologica Opaviensia, Opava, 2018
During the research conducted in the years 1992-1996 at the site 26 in Spytkowice (the Wadowice d... more During the research conducted in the years 1992-1996 at the site 26 in Spytkowice (the Wadowice district, Małopolska province, southern Poland) the extensive settlements of the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) and the Lengyel-Polgár complex (L-PC) were discovered. Based on pottery, the LBK settlement
seems to connected first and foremost with the music-note phase (II). The L-PC pottery is more difficult to associate with specific groups. Currently, we are of the opinion that its vast majority may be referred to the Pleszów-Modlnica group. Practically, all the chipped lithic artefacts were made of the Cracow Jurassic flint. In the case of the LBK settlement the structure of flint inventory and the morphological
characteristics of artefacts clearly indicate its workshop character. Spytkowice 26 was one of the extensive LBK production settlements, located in western Lesser Poland, from which the Cracow Jurassic flint and products made of it reached i.a. the areas of Silesia and Moravia. The settlement (settlements?) connected with the L-PC seems to exhibit similar intensity and use patterns of the Cracow Jurrasic flint. The patterns of the flint raw material economy from both periods give an opportunity for a diachronic comparison of this problem, from the point of view of the network of producers and consumers.
Multas Per Gentes Et Multa Per Saecula. Amici Magistro Et Collegae Suo Ioanni Christopho Kozłowski Dedicant, Kraków, 2018
The lithic industry of the Baden cultural circle in western Lesser Poland is one of the least inv... more The lithic industry of the Baden cultural circle in western Lesser Poland is one of the least investigated issues as regards the chipped lithics of the Neolithic in this region of Poland. The last time this issue was comprehensively tackled was over thirty years ago (Kaczanowska 1982/1983; Balcer 1983). Although reconstructions of cultural relations in western Lesser Poland in the second half of the 4th millennium are ostensibly based on pottery studies, research of the Pre-Baden and Baden flint industries may review and enrich these reconstructions.