sadia baig | University of Karachi (original) (raw)

Papers by sadia baig

PubMed, Nov 1, 2022

The pods of Radish are known as Raphanus caudatus that belongs to the family Brassicaceae. They a... more The pods of Radish are known as Raphanus caudatus that belongs to the family Brassicaceae. They are commonly known as Mungra or Sungra in Pakistan, while the common English name for this species is Rat-tailed radish. This variety of radish is unique and less tested for pharmacological as well as toxicological potential. In the current research, the ethanol extract of pods was assessed for anti-inflammatory potential in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore the effect of plant on hematological parameters was also investigated. For in vitro study, luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence method was used while in vivo study was carried out via Acetic acid- induced Paw Edema Test in wistar rats. The extract of Raphanus caudatus indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects regarding in vitro assay. Administered tested doses (250mg, 500mg and 1000mg/kg) of plant extract showed significant reduction in rat's paw but highest in vivo anti-inflammatory effect was observed at the dose of 1000mg/kg. Moreover, in the case of hematological study, noticeable elevation of white blood cell count was observed at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. However the number of platelets was reduced in dose dependent manner.

PubMed, Sep 1, 2022

Capsicum has been an important part of diet since centuries and has been widely used traditionall... more Capsicum has been an important part of diet since centuries and has been widely used traditionally for ailments. The objective of the present analysis was to determine the diuretic and antidiarrheal potentials of four variations of Capsicum annum L. fruits available in local market of Karachi, Pakistan. It belongs to family Solanaceae and extracts were prepared in 95% ethanol and was given in doses of 200 and 400mg/kg and the activity was correlated with commonly used diuretics and anti-diarrheal further reinforcing its conventional use. Fruits extracts were evaluated for anti-diarrheal properties in castor-oil induced diarrhea to confirm its activity. The diuretic activity of the 95% ethanolic extracts of Capsicum annum L. was assessed based on diuresis of 24 hr. collected through metabolic cage. Urinary excretion of water and electrolytes (Na+ and K+) is significantly increased by the standard diuretic drug furosemide, which is comparable with the extract. The anti-diarrheal effects of 95% ethanolic extracts of Capsicum annum L. were examined by castor oil induced diarrhea and all varieties of Capsicum annum L. significantly inhibited the number of defecations.

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Dec 31, 2022

PubMed, Mar 1, 2015

This is the initial part of study in which the effects of two oral hypoglycemic drugs metformin a... more This is the initial part of study in which the effects of two oral hypoglycemic drugs metformin and pioglitazone were studied on lipid profile of rabbits. White rabbits of both sexes were equally divided in to three groups each comprising of seven animals. Control group was given distilled water 2m1/kg, animals of group II were given metformin in the dose of 22mg/kg and animals of group III received pioglitazone in the dose of 0.5mg/kg. Serum concentration of cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured after 8 week of oral dosing. Results shows that after 8 weeks animals received metformin did not reveal any significant change in lipid profile, but animals received pioglitazone showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in lipid profile, the decrease in cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides is favorable however decrease in HDL is troublesome and warrant further investigations.

PubMed, Mar 1, 2018

Macrotyloma uniflorum commonly known as horse gram or kulthi bean is grown as a pulse for livesto... more Macrotyloma uniflorum commonly known as horse gram or kulthi bean is grown as a pulse for livestock and human consumption. The beans contain about 1.3% fat, 18% protein, 15% carbohydrate along with vitamins and minerals. In traditional medicine it is used as antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic. Other important medicinal uses include treatment of renal stones, obesity, piles, oedema and fever. The present study evaluated analgesic (by acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests in mice) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan induced paw edema in rats) activities of Macrotyloma uniflorum fixed oil (MUFO). Four groups were included in study: Group-I: Normal Saline Control (2ml/kg), Group-II: MUFO (2ml/kg), Group-III: MUFO (4ml/kg), and Group-IV: Standard Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA 300mg/kg). All results were significant however delayed onset of action was observed in tail flick and paw edema tests. Acute oral toxicity of the oil was also checked in mice and was found safe upto 4ml/kg dose, as no signs of toxicity and mortality were observed. It is concluded that Macrotyloma uniflorum fixed oil may possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity which can be related with a peripheral mechanism of action.

PubMed, Sep 1, 2019

Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the leading cause of death worldwide, changed lifestyle an... more Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the leading cause of death worldwide, changed lifestyle and eating habits are the major contributing factors. Daily consumption cooking oils is one of the nutritional sources in today's life. Oils are available in market in the blend of two or more oils to get the maximum health benefits. There are number of factors which decide the pathogenic or protective effects of these oils, like fatty acids(FAs) composition, duration and extent of thermal exposure, daily intake and consumption duration. While processing the food cooking oils are thermally oxidized, that exert deleterious health effects, when taken for long time. The present study designed to evaluate the lipid peroxidation and level of oxidative stress in rabbits treated with repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils, in low (L-RHMVO) and high doses (H-RHMVO) in comparison with single time heated olive (STH-OO), canola (STH-CO), sunflower (STH-SO) oils individually and in mixture (STH-MVO) collected from Karachi (Pakistan).Six groups of animals treated with all these processed oils for 16 weeks along with normal diet .Control group was kept on normal rabbit diet. Animal body and organ weight was recorded. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA), Homocysteine(H-Cys), Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile (TGs, Total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol).Statistically highly significant (p<0.005) increased body and organ weight along with Total-cholesterol, TGs, LDL-cholesterol, VDLD-Cholesterol, H-Cys, MDA,CPK,LDH & CRP and decreased HDL-cholesterol was found in H-RHMVO and L-RHMVO groups in dose dependent manner compared to control and single time heated oils groups. Among the single time heated oils STH-SO fed animals had significant (p<0.05) increase in lipid periodization and oxidative stress parameters. STH-OO showed least variation from control with significant increase in HDL-cholesterol level. The finding of this study not only confirms health deleterious effect of vegetable oils when used in thermally oxidized condition but also suggests induced-metabolic changes with oxidative stress. So more advance studies simulating real-life exposure to multiple hazardous substances is required.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mar 1, 2021

Fragaria ananassa (garden strawberry) and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) fruits are widely consumed d... more Fragaria ananassa (garden strawberry) and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) fruits are widely consumed due to their taste and nutritive value however several studies also supports their medicinal uses. Current study was designed to assess the In-Vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of Fragaria ananassa (EEFA), Actinidia deliciosa (EEDA) and their 1:1 combination. Albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=5) for each study comprising of vehicle control, reference standards *(aspirin and paracetamol 100 mg/kg/day), EEFA (800 mg/kg/day), EEAD (800 mg/kg/day) and 1:1 combination of EEFA and EEAD (400 + 400mg/kg/day). The results revealed significant anti-inflammatory potential of EEAD and their combination with 79.35% and 82.03% inhibition in carrageenan induced paw edema whereas 52.54% inhibition was produced by EEFA against control. However most powerful analgesic effect was produced by EEFA with 52.23% at 60 min followed by EEAD (48.38%) and EEFA+ EEAD combination (44.09%). Similarly, EEFA, EEAD and their combination also lowered the rectal temperature in highly significant manner (p< 0.01) against control. These results suggested the possible role of garden strawberry and kiwi in treating the ailments related to pain, inflammation and fever however further studies are required to elucidate the constituents responsible for it and their exact mechanism.

Cancer Cell International

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural phenol that is present in the skin of... more Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural phenol that is present in the skin of the grape, blueberry, raspberry, mulberry, and peanut. This substance is synthesized in these plants following injury or exposure to pathogens. Resveratrol is used as a dietary supplement for a long time and its effects have been assessed in animal models of human disorders. It has potential beneficial effects in diverse pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, neoplastic conditions, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular disorders. Notably, resveratrol has been found to affect the expression of several genes including cytokine coding genes, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and growth factors. Moreover, it can modulate the activity of several signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt, NF-κB, and Notch pathways. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies that reported modulatory effects of resveratrol on the exp...

Pakistan Heart Journal, Oct 25, 2019

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2019

Radish pods are known as vegetable eaten as a part of diet. Though the pharmacologic potential of... more Radish pods are known as vegetable eaten as a part of diet. Though the pharmacologic potential of radish has been well known but there are fewer reports regarding pharmacological and toxic effects of radish pods. On account of this reason, the current study was aimed to evaluate the pharmacological and toxic effects of ethanol extract of Raphanus caudatus (radish pods) in rabbits after 60 days of administration. The plant extract was administered in 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg doses and effect was observed on hepatic, renal, cardiac and lipid profile. The extract was found to be hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and cardioprotective. Also it showed hypocholestrolemic potential at 1000 mg/kg. However at higher doses the extract presented chronic gastritis. Conversely, no indication of histological alterations was seen in other vital organs such as liver, kidneys, heart. Thus there is critical requirement to identify toxic constituent/s inducing gastritis so that safety profile of the pla...

Introduction: Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and glucose levels are the age associated risk fa... more Introduction: Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and glucose levels are the age associated risk factors necessary to screen for controlling cardiovascular disorder. Multiple mediators are involved in pathogenesis of disease by different mechanisms. To target those pathological conditions multiple medicines yield is better therapeutic approach. Multi drug therapy for the management of multiple disorders among younger has different strategy than in elderly as many drugs may be less effective or less suitable for elderly patients. To minimize the risk of multiple drug administration associated toxicity treatment plans should to adjust accordingly. Objectives: Drug interactions are of great concern because doctors and patients are usually unaware of toxicities due to simultaneous administration of drugs. Investigate of safe combinations should be necessary approach which are less likely to interact with each other. Several studies have been conducted previously to observe the toxic effec...

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Objective: Pakistan has been suffering from epidemics of dengue infection in last two decades. On... more Objective: Pakistan has been suffering from epidemics of dengue infection in last two decades. One of the reasons of yearly high number of cases is due to lack of awareness and knowledge about prevention of dengue infection. The current study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of dengue infection common population of Karachi. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out over a period of three months. First section comprised of demographic characteristics of participants, section two comprised of 7- items about the knowledge of dengue infection, while section three comprised of 5- items related to awareness and perception of dengue infection among participants. Results: A total of 201 participants were enrolled in the study with mean age of 26.9 years. Female participants were more as compared to male participants. Most of the participants belonged to low- or middle-income socio-economic status and had no history of dengue infection in ...

Background:Phaseolus vulgaris commonly known as kidney bean has been studied previously for pharm... more Background:Phaseolus vulgaris commonly known as kidney bean has been studied previously for pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Various extracts of the seeds have been researched except fixed oils. Objective: Therefore objective of the present study is to investigate the behavioural activity of fixed oil extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Methodology: Hole board, light and dark , stationary rod and open field tests were used for behavioral evaluation. Four groups were made with seven mice in each : (1) Control = Normal saline 2ml/kg (2) Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil = PVFO 2ml/kg (3) PVFO 4ml/kg (4) Diazepam (1mg/kg) as standard. All treatments were given orally, 30 minutes prior to the performance of tests. In hole board test PVFO 4ml/kg decreased the number of head poking (p≤0.01). Results:In light and dark test PVFO in both doses decreased the time spent in light compartment (p≤0....

The Open Pharmacology Journal, 2020

Background: In clinical practice, Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is standard of care for patien... more Background: In clinical practice, Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is standard of care for patients of gastrointestinal tract disorders. TPN therapy is associated with a number of adverse effects like hepatobiliary dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Different vegetable oils are used by every individual daily in routine life. Objective: This study assessed the magnitude of TPN-associated adverse effects in animals fed on different vegetable oils. Methods: Healthy adult rabbits of local strain were divided into 5 groups (n= 8). The study was divided into 2 phases. Phase I: oil feeding; the first set of rabbits served as control and fed on a normal rabbit diet. Four sets of rabbits were treated for 16 weeks with 1 ml/kg/day of single time heated olive (STH-OO), canola (STH-CO), sunflower oils (STH-SO) or a mixture of these oils (STH-MVO). In phase II: TPN was given to each group, including the control group, for 2 weeks. Before and after TPN therapy, body and liver weight...

Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences, 2021

Phaseolus vulgaris Linn commonly known as red kidney bean, it is enriched in protein, carbohydrat... more Phaseolus vulgaris Linn commonly known as red kidney bean, it is enriched in protein, carbohydrates and dietary fibres. Beans have nutritional and health benefits and also possess antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anticancer activity due to presence of bio-active chemical constituents. The following study was carried out to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil (PVFO) using forced swim test and tail suspension test in mice. In this study animals assigned into four groups (n=7). Group I: Control normal saline (2 mL/Kg), Group II: PVFO I (2 mL/Kg), Group III: PVFO II (4 mL/Kg) and Group IV: standard amitriptyline (10 mg/Kg). The results were significant and indicated the possible anti-depressant role of Phaseolus vulgaris fixed oil.

Neuropeptides

Substance P (SP) is the most widely distributed neuropeptide in central nervous system (CNS) wher... more Substance P (SP) is the most widely distributed neuropeptide in central nervous system (CNS) where it participates in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes including stress and anxiety related behaviors. In line with this notion, brain areas that are thought to be involved in anxiety regulation contains SP and its specific NK1 receptors. SP concentration in different brain regions alters with the exposure of stressful stimulus and affected NK1 receptor binding is observed. SP is released in response to a stressor, which produces anxiogenic effects via activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in the liberation of cortisol. Moreover, SP is also involved in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system via stimulation of locus coeruleus (LC). This sympathetic surge initiates cortisol discharge by activation of HPA axis, representing the indirect anxiogenic effect of SP. Besides the aforementioned regions, SP also has an impact on other brain regions known to be involved in stress and anxiety mechanisms, including amygdala, lateral septum (LS), periaqueductal gray (PAG), ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). Thus, SP acts as an important neuromodulator in various brain regions in stress and anxiety response. Consistent with the above statement, SP makes a robust link in the psychopathology of anxiety disorders. As SP concentration is found elevated in stressed conditions, several studies have reported that the pharmacological antagonism or genetic depletion of NK-1 receptors results in the anxiolytic response making them a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of stress and anxiety related disorders.

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, May 17, 2018

The seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris are known as common beans or kidney beans. The dry seeds are eate... more The seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris are known as common beans or kidney beans. The dry seeds are eaten as pulse and are enriched with protein, fiber, starch, B vitamins (B1, B6, B9), iron, potassium and selenium. Beans also contain about 1-2 % of fixed oil. Phaseolus vulgaris is linked with anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions. The fixed oil of Phaseolus vulgaris (PVFO) seeds is extracted with hexane and used in this study to assess acute oral toxicity, analgesic (by acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests in mice) and antiinflammatory (by carrageenan induced paw edema in rats) actions. Four groups were made (n=6): Group-I: Normal Saline Control (2ml/kg), Group-II: PVFO (2ml/kg), Group-III: PVFO (4ml/kg) and Group-IV: Standard Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA 300 mg/kg). PVFO in 2ml/kg and 4ml/kg dose demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities but in hot plate results were unreliable as here significant activity started after 90 minutes. For toxicity test 5ml/kg dose was administered orally in mice and no toxicity symptoms were observed. It is therefore concluded that PVFO is safe for oral use up to 5ml/kg and may possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions.