Irada Khalilova | Khazar University (original) (raw)
Papers by Irada Khalilova
Redox Biochemistry and Chemistry
Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 1994
Eight hundred and six newborn infants at high risk for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)... more Eight hundred and six newborn infants at high risk for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency were screened; 30.2% of the boys and 10.4% of the girls had severe G-6-PD deficiency. Surprisingly, 14% of the enzyme deficient girls had a father from a low risk ethnic group. Girls of high risk mothers should be screened for G-6-PD deficiency regardless of paternal origin.
<p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with an MPO-specific antibody and subject... more <p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with an MPO-specific antibody and subjected to separation by SDS/PAGE. Bands with the molecular weight of pro-MPO (90 kDa) were subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using SRM for a pro-MPO-specific peptide (1000.9->1033.5). <b>(A)</b> Extracted ion chromatogram for the SRM transition for the pro-MPO specific peptide. <b>(B)</b> CID-MS/MS spectrum confirming the sequence for the pro-MPO-specific peptide SSGcAYQDVGVTcPEQDK. Representative chromatograms and spectra are shown.</p
<p>Initial rates of NADH oxidation were determined with various concentrations of A) bromid... more <p>Initial rates of NADH oxidation were determined with various concentrations of A) bromide or B) chloride, 20 nM mature MPO or recombinant pro-MPO and 100 μM NADH in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 21°C. The reaction was started by adding 50 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The kinetics of the reaction of myeloperoxidase-generated hypobromous and hypochlorous acids with NADH were monitored by measuring the bromohydrin and chlorohydrin product at 275 nm. Data are representative of two or more experiments.</p
<p><b>A)</b> Plasma was spiked with MPO standard (10 nM) and HL60 cell lysate (... more <p><b>A)</b> Plasma was spiked with MPO standard (10 nM) and HL60 cell lysate (containing 10 nM MPO) and subjected to affinity purification. Purified samples along with MPO, pro-MPO standards and HL-60 lysates were separated by 10% SDS/PAGE, transferred to PVDF and probed with MPO-specific antibody. <b>B)</b> Neutrophils (5x10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml) were added back into plasma and then stimulated with CytB and FMLP for 30 min at 37°C. Neutrophils were centrifuged and cell free plasma MPO was subjected to affinity purification and analyzed as described in A. After the ECL fluorescence of blots was developed, a photograph of the blot showing the molecular weight markers was taken and aligned with the fluorescence image as indicated by the black line.</p
<p><b>A)</b> Location of tryptic peptides used for LC-MS/MS analysis within the... more <p><b>A)</b> Location of tryptic peptides used for LC-MS/MS analysis within the MPO sequence. The <i>N-</i>terminal signal peptide is shown in dark grey, the pro-peptide in bold light grey and the sequence of mature MPO in bold black. Highlighted by the black and grey boxes are tryptic peptides specific to pro-MPO or present in both mature MPO and pro-MPO, respectively. Twenty-five μg of recombinant pro-MPO or mature MPO were digested with trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. <b>B), D) +F)</b> Extracted ion chromatograms for SRM transitions specific for the mutual, pro-MPO and mature MPO-specific peptides (MS1/MS2 551.8/272.2, 1000.9/1033.5 and 648.8/935.5, respectively, MS1 = m/z for the doubly charged precursor species and MS2 = m/z for the singly charged y–ion fragment, c–carbamidomethyl-cysteine). <b>C), E) +G)</b> CID-MS/MS spectra confirming the sequence of the respective peptide. Representative chromatograms and spectra are shown.</p
Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022
Graphical Schematic diagram of the effects of two black teas in alleviating excess hepatic lipid ... more Graphical Schematic diagram of the effects of two black teas in alleviating excess hepatic lipid accumulation.
Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA an... more Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA and whether it produces hypochlorous acid in SF. Methods. Plasma and where possible SF were collected from 77 RA patients while 120 healthy controls supplied plasma only. MPO and protein carbonyls were measured by ELISAs. 3-Chlorotyrosine in proteins and allantoin in plasma were measured by mass spectrometry. Results. Plasma MPO concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RA compared with healthy controls [10.8 ng/ml, inter-quartile range (IQR): 7.214.2; P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in plasma MPO protein concentrations between RA patients with high disease activity (HDA; DAS-28 >3.2) and those with low disease activity (LDA; DAS-28 43.2) (HDA 27.9 ng/ml, 20.234.1 vs LDA 22.1 ng/ml, 16.934.9; P > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between plasma MPO and DAS-28 (r = 0.35; P = 0.005). Plasma protein carbonyls and allantoin were significantly higher in patients with RA compared with the healthy controls. MPO protein was significantly higher in SF compared with plasma (median 624.0 ng/ml, IQR 258.42433.0 vs 30.2 ng/ml, IQR 25.150.9; P < 0.0001). The MPO present in SF was mostly active. 3-Chlorotyrosine, a specific biomarker of hypochlorous acid, was present in proteins from SF and related to the concentration of MPO (r = 0.69; P = 0.001). Protein carbonyls in SF were associated with MPO protein concentration (r = 0.40; P = 0.019) and 3-chlorotyrosine (r = 0.66; P = 0.003). Conclusion. MPO is elevated in patients with RA and promotes oxidative stress through the production of hypochlorous acid.
Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2019
Azerbaijan/default.aspx?section=yresults (äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ-01.11.2018)]. Íàêîïëåí îïðåäåë¸ííûé ôàêò... more Azerbaijan/default.aspx?section=yresults (äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ-01.11.2018)]. Íàêîïëåí îïðåäåë¸ííûé ôàêòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë, òðåáóþùèé èíòåðïðåòàöèè ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêè.
PloS one, 2018
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived oxidants have emerged as a key contributor to tissue damage in infl... more Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived oxidants have emerged as a key contributor to tissue damage in inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Pro-myeloperoxidase (pro-MPO), an enzymatically active precursor of myeloperoxidase (MPO), is known to be secreted from cultured bone marrow and promyelocytic leukemia cells, but evidence for the presence of pro-MPO in circulation is lacking. In the present study, we used a LC-MS/MS in addition to immunoblot analyses to show that pro-MPO is present in human blood plasma. Furthermore, we found that pro-MPO was more frequently detected in plasma from patients with myocardial infarction compared to plasma from control donors. Our study suggests that in addition to mature MPO, circulating pro-MPO may cause oxidative modifications of proteins thereby contributing to cardiovascular disease.
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 2017
Background: In cystic fibrosis (CF) there is an urgent need for earlier diagnosis of pulmonary in... more Background: In cystic fibrosis (CF) there is an urgent need for earlier diagnosis of pulmonary infections and inflammation using blood-and urinebased biomarkers. Methods: Using mass spectrometry, oxidation products of glutathione and uric acid were measured in matched samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum and urine from 36 infants and children with CF, and related to markers of neutrophilic inflammation and infection in BAL. Results: Oxidation products of glutathione (glutathione sulfonamide, GSA) and uric acid (allantoin), were elevated in BAL of children with pulmonary infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) compared to those without (p b 0.05) and correlated with other markers of neutrophilic inflammation. Serum GSA was significantly elevated in children with PsA infections (p b 0.01). Urinary GSA correlated with pulmonary GSA (r = 0.42, p b 0.05) and markers of neutrophilic inflammation. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that urinary GSA but not allantoin shows promise as a non-invasive marker of neutrophilic inflammation in early CF lung disease.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2012
Neutrophils ingest Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs of infected individuals. During p... more Neutrophils ingest Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs of infected individuals. During phagocytosis they use myeloperoxidase (MPO) to catalyze production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), their most potent antimicrobial agent. Isoniazid (INH), the foremost antibiotic in the treatment of tuberculosis, is oxidized by MPO. It rapidly reduced compound I of MPO [k = (1.22 AE 0.05) Â 10 6 M À1 s À1 ] but reacted less favorably with compound II [(9.8 AE 0.6) Â 10 2 M À1 s À1 ]. Oxidation of INH by MPO and hydrogen peroxide was unaffected by chloride, the physiological substrate for compound I, and the enzyme was partially converted to compound III. This indicates that INH is oxidized outside the classical peroxidation cycle. In combination with superoxide dismutase (SOD), MPO oxidized INH without exogenous hydrogen peroxide. SOD must favor reduction of oxygen by the INH radical to give superoxide and ultimately hydrogen peroxide. In both oxidation systems, an adduct with methionine was formed and it was a major product with MPO and SOD. We show that it is a conjugate of an acyldiimide with amines. INH substantially inhibited HOCl production by MPO and neutrophils below pharmacological concentrations. The reversible inhibition is explained by diversion of MPO to its ferrous and compound III forms during oxidation of INH. MPO, along with SOD released by Mtb, will oxidize INH at sites of infection and their interactions are likely to limit the efficacy of the drug, promote adverse drug reactions via formation of protein adducts, and impair a major bacterial killing mechanism of neutrophils.
<p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with MPO-specific antibodies, subjected t... more <p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with MPO-specific antibodies, subjected to digestion with trypsin and analyzed for the presence of pro-MPO and mature MPO-specific peptides by SRM-based LC-MS/MS. Samples that showed a peak are denoted by “+”, those that don’t by “-”.</p
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika, 2003
The parameters of humeral immunity and of the aggregation function of blood platelets were compar... more The parameters of humeral immunity and of the aggregation function of blood platelets were comparatively analyzed in 11 healthy and 26 children with beta-thalassemia; 18 of them had beta-thalassemia of the homozygous type (spleen was extracted in 8 children, and it remained intact in 10 children). It was demonstrated that there was an increased quantity of antibodies to blood platelets and an increased quantity of large, medium-size and small circulating immune complexes in patients with beta-thalassemia and especially in those, who did not undergo splenectomy; there was also an increased quantity of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, and G, a reduced total activity of the complement and a high parameter of the degree of endogenous intoxication, i.e. the content of medium-size molecular peptides. The mentioned disorders were accompanied by worsened aggregation abilities of blood platelets and by their increased disaggregation. Finally, insignificant changes were detected in patients w...
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2014
Background: Lactoperoxidase plays a key role in host defence by oxidizing thiocyanate to the bact... more Background: Lactoperoxidase plays a key role in host defence by oxidizing thiocyanate to the bactericidal agent hypothiocyanite. Results: Urate is a good substrate for lactoperoxidase and competes with thiocyanate for oxidation in vitro. Conclusion: Urate is a likely physiological substrate for lactoperoxidase. Significance: Urate may influence the bactericidal activity of lactoperoxidase.
B33. OXIDANTS, OXIDASES AND REDOX REGULATION OF LUNG DISEASE, 2011
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2013
Rheumatology, 2012
Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA an... more Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA and whether it produces hypochlorous acid in SF.
Rheumatology, 2014
Objectives. The aims of this study were to establish whether, in patients with gout, MPO is relea... more Objectives. The aims of this study were to establish whether, in patients with gout, MPO is released from neutrophils and urate is oxidized to allantoin and if these effects are attenuated by allopurinol.
Redox Biochemistry and Chemistry
Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 1994
Eight hundred and six newborn infants at high risk for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)... more Eight hundred and six newborn infants at high risk for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency were screened; 30.2% of the boys and 10.4% of the girls had severe G-6-PD deficiency. Surprisingly, 14% of the enzyme deficient girls had a father from a low risk ethnic group. Girls of high risk mothers should be screened for G-6-PD deficiency regardless of paternal origin.
<p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with an MPO-specific antibody and subject... more <p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with an MPO-specific antibody and subjected to separation by SDS/PAGE. Bands with the molecular weight of pro-MPO (90 kDa) were subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using SRM for a pro-MPO-specific peptide (1000.9->1033.5). <b>(A)</b> Extracted ion chromatogram for the SRM transition for the pro-MPO specific peptide. <b>(B)</b> CID-MS/MS spectrum confirming the sequence for the pro-MPO-specific peptide SSGcAYQDVGVTcPEQDK. Representative chromatograms and spectra are shown.</p
<p>Initial rates of NADH oxidation were determined with various concentrations of A) bromid... more <p>Initial rates of NADH oxidation were determined with various concentrations of A) bromide or B) chloride, 20 nM mature MPO or recombinant pro-MPO and 100 μM NADH in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 21°C. The reaction was started by adding 50 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The kinetics of the reaction of myeloperoxidase-generated hypobromous and hypochlorous acids with NADH were monitored by measuring the bromohydrin and chlorohydrin product at 275 nm. Data are representative of two or more experiments.</p
<p><b>A)</b> Plasma was spiked with MPO standard (10 nM) and HL60 cell lysate (... more <p><b>A)</b> Plasma was spiked with MPO standard (10 nM) and HL60 cell lysate (containing 10 nM MPO) and subjected to affinity purification. Purified samples along with MPO, pro-MPO standards and HL-60 lysates were separated by 10% SDS/PAGE, transferred to PVDF and probed with MPO-specific antibody. <b>B)</b> Neutrophils (5x10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml) were added back into plasma and then stimulated with CytB and FMLP for 30 min at 37°C. Neutrophils were centrifuged and cell free plasma MPO was subjected to affinity purification and analyzed as described in A. After the ECL fluorescence of blots was developed, a photograph of the blot showing the molecular weight markers was taken and aligned with the fluorescence image as indicated by the black line.</p
<p><b>A)</b> Location of tryptic peptides used for LC-MS/MS analysis within the... more <p><b>A)</b> Location of tryptic peptides used for LC-MS/MS analysis within the MPO sequence. The <i>N-</i>terminal signal peptide is shown in dark grey, the pro-peptide in bold light grey and the sequence of mature MPO in bold black. Highlighted by the black and grey boxes are tryptic peptides specific to pro-MPO or present in both mature MPO and pro-MPO, respectively. Twenty-five μg of recombinant pro-MPO or mature MPO were digested with trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. <b>B), D) +F)</b> Extracted ion chromatograms for SRM transitions specific for the mutual, pro-MPO and mature MPO-specific peptides (MS1/MS2 551.8/272.2, 1000.9/1033.5 and 648.8/935.5, respectively, MS1 = m/z for the doubly charged precursor species and MS2 = m/z for the singly charged y–ion fragment, c–carbamidomethyl-cysteine). <b>C), E) +G)</b> CID-MS/MS spectra confirming the sequence of the respective peptide. Representative chromatograms and spectra are shown.</p
Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022
Graphical Schematic diagram of the effects of two black teas in alleviating excess hepatic lipid ... more Graphical Schematic diagram of the effects of two black teas in alleviating excess hepatic lipid accumulation.
Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA an... more Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA and whether it produces hypochlorous acid in SF. Methods. Plasma and where possible SF were collected from 77 RA patients while 120 healthy controls supplied plasma only. MPO and protein carbonyls were measured by ELISAs. 3-Chlorotyrosine in proteins and allantoin in plasma were measured by mass spectrometry. Results. Plasma MPO concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RA compared with healthy controls [10.8 ng/ml, inter-quartile range (IQR): 7.214.2; P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in plasma MPO protein concentrations between RA patients with high disease activity (HDA; DAS-28 >3.2) and those with low disease activity (LDA; DAS-28 43.2) (HDA 27.9 ng/ml, 20.234.1 vs LDA 22.1 ng/ml, 16.934.9; P > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between plasma MPO and DAS-28 (r = 0.35; P = 0.005). Plasma protein carbonyls and allantoin were significantly higher in patients with RA compared with the healthy controls. MPO protein was significantly higher in SF compared with plasma (median 624.0 ng/ml, IQR 258.42433.0 vs 30.2 ng/ml, IQR 25.150.9; P < 0.0001). The MPO present in SF was mostly active. 3-Chlorotyrosine, a specific biomarker of hypochlorous acid, was present in proteins from SF and related to the concentration of MPO (r = 0.69; P = 0.001). Protein carbonyls in SF were associated with MPO protein concentration (r = 0.40; P = 0.019) and 3-chlorotyrosine (r = 0.66; P = 0.003). Conclusion. MPO is elevated in patients with RA and promotes oxidative stress through the production of hypochlorous acid.
Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), 2019
Azerbaijan/default.aspx?section=yresults (äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ-01.11.2018)]. Íàêîïëåí îïðåäåë¸ííûé ôàêò... more Azerbaijan/default.aspx?section=yresults (äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ-01.11.2018)]. Íàêîïëåí îïðåäåë¸ííûé ôàêòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë, òðåáóþùèé èíòåðïðåòàöèè ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêè.
PloS one, 2018
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived oxidants have emerged as a key contributor to tissue damage in infl... more Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived oxidants have emerged as a key contributor to tissue damage in inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Pro-myeloperoxidase (pro-MPO), an enzymatically active precursor of myeloperoxidase (MPO), is known to be secreted from cultured bone marrow and promyelocytic leukemia cells, but evidence for the presence of pro-MPO in circulation is lacking. In the present study, we used a LC-MS/MS in addition to immunoblot analyses to show that pro-MPO is present in human blood plasma. Furthermore, we found that pro-MPO was more frequently detected in plasma from patients with myocardial infarction compared to plasma from control donors. Our study suggests that in addition to mature MPO, circulating pro-MPO may cause oxidative modifications of proteins thereby contributing to cardiovascular disease.
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 2017
Background: In cystic fibrosis (CF) there is an urgent need for earlier diagnosis of pulmonary in... more Background: In cystic fibrosis (CF) there is an urgent need for earlier diagnosis of pulmonary infections and inflammation using blood-and urinebased biomarkers. Methods: Using mass spectrometry, oxidation products of glutathione and uric acid were measured in matched samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum and urine from 36 infants and children with CF, and related to markers of neutrophilic inflammation and infection in BAL. Results: Oxidation products of glutathione (glutathione sulfonamide, GSA) and uric acid (allantoin), were elevated in BAL of children with pulmonary infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) compared to those without (p b 0.05) and correlated with other markers of neutrophilic inflammation. Serum GSA was significantly elevated in children with PsA infections (p b 0.01). Urinary GSA correlated with pulmonary GSA (r = 0.42, p b 0.05) and markers of neutrophilic inflammation. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that urinary GSA but not allantoin shows promise as a non-invasive marker of neutrophilic inflammation in early CF lung disease.
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2012
Neutrophils ingest Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs of infected individuals. During p... more Neutrophils ingest Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs of infected individuals. During phagocytosis they use myeloperoxidase (MPO) to catalyze production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), their most potent antimicrobial agent. Isoniazid (INH), the foremost antibiotic in the treatment of tuberculosis, is oxidized by MPO. It rapidly reduced compound I of MPO [k = (1.22 AE 0.05) Â 10 6 M À1 s À1 ] but reacted less favorably with compound II [(9.8 AE 0.6) Â 10 2 M À1 s À1 ]. Oxidation of INH by MPO and hydrogen peroxide was unaffected by chloride, the physiological substrate for compound I, and the enzyme was partially converted to compound III. This indicates that INH is oxidized outside the classical peroxidation cycle. In combination with superoxide dismutase (SOD), MPO oxidized INH without exogenous hydrogen peroxide. SOD must favor reduction of oxygen by the INH radical to give superoxide and ultimately hydrogen peroxide. In both oxidation systems, an adduct with methionine was formed and it was a major product with MPO and SOD. We show that it is a conjugate of an acyldiimide with amines. INH substantially inhibited HOCl production by MPO and neutrophils below pharmacological concentrations. The reversible inhibition is explained by diversion of MPO to its ferrous and compound III forms during oxidation of INH. MPO, along with SOD released by Mtb, will oxidize INH at sites of infection and their interactions are likely to limit the efficacy of the drug, promote adverse drug reactions via formation of protein adducts, and impair a major bacterial killing mechanism of neutrophils.
<p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with MPO-specific antibodies, subjected t... more <p>Plasma was purified by affinity chromatography with MPO-specific antibodies, subjected to digestion with trypsin and analyzed for the presence of pro-MPO and mature MPO-specific peptides by SRM-based LC-MS/MS. Samples that showed a peak are denoted by “+”, those that don’t by “-”.</p
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika, 2003
The parameters of humeral immunity and of the aggregation function of blood platelets were compar... more The parameters of humeral immunity and of the aggregation function of blood platelets were comparatively analyzed in 11 healthy and 26 children with beta-thalassemia; 18 of them had beta-thalassemia of the homozygous type (spleen was extracted in 8 children, and it remained intact in 10 children). It was demonstrated that there was an increased quantity of antibodies to blood platelets and an increased quantity of large, medium-size and small circulating immune complexes in patients with beta-thalassemia and especially in those, who did not undergo splenectomy; there was also an increased quantity of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, and G, a reduced total activity of the complement and a high parameter of the degree of endogenous intoxication, i.e. the content of medium-size molecular peptides. The mentioned disorders were accompanied by worsened aggregation abilities of blood platelets and by their increased disaggregation. Finally, insignificant changes were detected in patients w...
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2014
Background: Lactoperoxidase plays a key role in host defence by oxidizing thiocyanate to the bact... more Background: Lactoperoxidase plays a key role in host defence by oxidizing thiocyanate to the bactericidal agent hypothiocyanite. Results: Urate is a good substrate for lactoperoxidase and competes with thiocyanate for oxidation in vitro. Conclusion: Urate is a likely physiological substrate for lactoperoxidase. Significance: Urate may influence the bactericidal activity of lactoperoxidase.
B33. OXIDANTS, OXIDASES AND REDOX REGULATION OF LUNG DISEASE, 2011
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2013
Rheumatology, 2012
Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA an... more Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA and whether it produces hypochlorous acid in SF.
Rheumatology, 2014
Objectives. The aims of this study were to establish whether, in patients with gout, MPO is relea... more Objectives. The aims of this study were to establish whether, in patients with gout, MPO is released from neutrophils and urate is oxidized to allantoin and if these effects are attenuated by allopurinol.