Rasa Apanaviciene | Kaunas University of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Rasa Apanaviciene

Roads in Lithuania are financed only from collected road taxes; however, this funding is not suff... more Roads in Lithuania are financed only from collected road taxes; however, this funding is not sufficient for road maintenance and improvement. Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications allocates the funding received from European Regional Development Fund as follows: improvement of pavement of regional roads, implementation of traffic safety and environmental measures, and implementation of Gravel Roads Paving Programme. Since 2004 road projects in Lithuania have been financed from European Union funds. Unfortunately these financial resources are not sufficient for the implementation of all road investment projects in Lithuania. The problem of selecting the most effective road investment projects is becoming more and more acute. Road investment project alternatives have to be appraised in an integrated manner using mathematical models in addition to economic, social and environmental criteria. Scientific problem – road investment projects are o...

The principles of sustainability have become particularly important in the real estate and constr... more The principles of sustainability have become particularly important in the real estate and construction sector over the past decade. Despite extended efforts to evaluate the sustainability aspects of the real estate development, very few attempts have been exposed in the scientific literature pursuing integrating the investors and real estate developers' responsibility for the local community, regional economy and environmental problems within their financial expectations. The paper presents methodology enabling evaluating the balance of real estate development sustainability and financial viability issues during the feasibility study process. The Model for Real Estate Investment Evaluation Based on Sustainable Development Aspects proposed by the authors was applied to the case study of Lithuanian sports and entertainment arenas. By using multi-criteria decision analysis sustainability assessment of multi-functional arenas was carried out which disclosed that positive sustainability effects lays down on the owner's and operator's monetary liabilities.

Comprehensive Energy Systems, 2018

The Degree Certificates are giving reference to the joint programme. The doctoral candidates are ... more The Degree Certificates are giving reference to the joint programme. The doctoral candidates are jointly supervised, and must pass a joint examination procedure set up by the three institutions issuing the degrees. This Thesis is a part of the examination for the doctoral degree. The invested degrees are official in Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. SETS Joint Doctorate was awarded the Erasmus Mundus excellence label by the European Commission in year 2010, and the European Commission's Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency, EACEA, has supported the funding of this programme. The EACEA is not to be held responsible for contents of the Thesis. vi Energy Management of Smart Cities Christian F. Calvillo Muñoz Energy Management of Smart Cities 1 Christian F. Calvillo Muñoz Chapter 7 Complete smart city energy model: aggregated DER and transport systems with active market participation Chapter 8 Conclusions, contributions and future work Chapter 1 Energy Management of Smart Cities 9 Christian F. Calvillo Muñoz 2 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter presents the identification of energy systems task, corresponding to the smart city energy model methodology described in section 1.3. This includes the evaluation of energy systems available in a smart city, assessing their importance and possible synergies, in addition to the review of the existing models and tools, to select which ones could be used. The first part of the chapter introduces an overview of energy related work on planning and operation models within the smart city by classifying their scope into five main intervention areas. These areas are generation, storage, infrastructure, facilities, and transport. Then, more complex urban energy models integrating more than one intervention area are reviewed, outlining their advantages and limitations, existing trends and challenges, as well as some relevant smart cities applications. With this revision, important elements and possible synergies in the smart city are identified, and a framework for developing a comprehensive smart city energy model is proposed, along with some additional recommendations. Therefore, the main contributions of this chapter are, first, a comprehensive literature review of smart city energy systems and related modelling tools, classifying them in five intervention areas, and second, a framework with guidelines and recommendations for developing a comprehensive smart city energy model.

Sustainability, 2020

Inevitably, the 21st century has initiated a series of developments in the construction industry,... more Inevitably, the 21st century has initiated a series of developments in the construction industry, leading to its digitalization and resulting in a series of innovative approaches and practices. At the same time, the construction industry, being one of the main global environment polluters, should fulfil well-established, as well as novel, sustainability requirements in order to evolve in harmony with the rising concerns on the availability of natural resources. This overview study aims to present the main developments, research, and scientific challenges in the field of sustainable construction, emphasizing the field of energy. The study aims to present a state-of-the-art scientific discussion on the sustainable built environment topic by analyzing cutting edge topics in the fields of building elements and whole building energy assessment, of indoor air quality and low carbon buildings, as well as on sustainable energy systems and smart buildings. The study also presents the state-o...

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis, 2020

The article presents facility management effectiveness analysis taking into account theoretical a... more The article presents facility management effectiveness analysis taking into account theoretical aspects and scientific literature resources. Facility management concepts and its differences amongst Lithuania and other countries is provided within this article, highlighting the latest ISO 41001:2018 Facility management standard, which application is expected to expand the market development for facility management services. Furthermore, the article includes a discussion on the facility management transformation due to the newest technologies. Lastly, the article reveals scientific research results and factors influencing the facility management effectiveness.

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2020

Financial supporting schemes for the energy upgrading of the building sector in Europe constitute... more Financial supporting schemes for the energy upgrading of the building sector in Europe constitute one of the major policies of the European Union (EU). Since the beginning of the 2000s, dozens of funding programs and initiatives have been announced by the European Commission (EC). It is a fact that the majority of these policies have borne fruit, as the metrics on both energy savings in the building sector and the promotion of renewable energy in the built environment have turned the EU into a global pioneer. This paper attempts to give a brief overview of the main policy and financial tools for the energy upgrading of the built environment in Europe. Emphasis is placed on three major mechanisms, which concern different-scale projects: crowdfunding projects, public-private co-financing projects, and large-scale projects funded by financial institutions such as European Investment Bank (EIB). Reference is also made to recently implemented EU funded research programs in this field. Th...

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2018

Energies, 2020

The aim of this study is to define the features that smart buildings should fulfil in order to be... more The aim of this study is to define the features that smart buildings should fulfil in order to be compatible with the overall context of the smart city and to introduce a new evaluation framework of Smart Buildings Integration into a Smart City (SBISC). By analysing scientific literature as well as existing international and local project examples, the features of smart buildings that are expected to be adopted in smart cities were identified. The SBISC evaluation methodology was developed and applied to a set of selected projects. The literature review revealed that the smart building and smart city concepts were developed in different time frames and by different stakeholders and, thus, need to be realigned. The most important aspect is to employ in a smart building all the functionalities proposed by the smart areas of the city and vice versa by enabling the recommended features of smart materials, smart building services, and smart construction to serve for the surrounding syste...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Building Sustainability Assessment Schemes (BSAS) are the key instruments to measure, evaluate an... more Building Sustainability Assessment Schemes (BSAS) are the key instruments to measure, evaluate and implement sustainability goals through all building’s life-cycle. The current trend for the establishment of practices resulting to green and sustainable buildings is based on environmental protection aspirations, as well as on rising real estate market demands for improved indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the construction stage process on the results of BSAS ratings. Seven administrative buildings rated by BREEAM or LEED, located in Lithuania, were assessed in terms of this study. Five criteria were employed to assess the sustainability of the investigated buildings at the construction phase, including the project management, the responsible purchase of building materials, the use of legal timber materials, the construction waste and the protection against environmental contamination. The selected criteria constitute a signifi...

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2015

Transport sector is very important for development of local economies, so it is intensively studi... more Transport sector is very important for development of local economies, so it is intensively studied in different countries. Road infrastructure construction projects in many European countries are mainly carried out through various forms of Public–Private Partnership (PPP). Financial evaluation, private partner selection criteria, technical characteristics and very important focus of sustainable development components (environmental, social and economic) of PPP road infrastructure development projects are widely analysed in the scientific literature. Although many research studies were published for PPP road infrastructure projects efficiency assessment from different aspects, there have not been created assessment methodology with all key areas incorporated altogether. The authors provide an integrated PPP road infrastructure projects effectiveness modelling methodology by applying Random Forest technique. The developed methodology is recommended to be applied for PPP road infrastr...

Sustainability, 2020

Smart buildings and smart cities are not the future perspectives anymore—the smart building integ... more Smart buildings and smart cities are not the future perspectives anymore—the smart building integration into a smart city is an actual question for today and tomorrow. Development of smart buildings not only enhances the smart city concept but also promotes positivity to the urban development and national economy, and increases the quality of life of the whole population reacting to global challenges of sustainability. The innovative smart building and smart city technologies enable us to overcome these challenges by being employed through all real estate (RE) project development stages. The Evaluation Framework for Real Estate Development in Smart Cities created by the authors provides the possibility to assess the existing as well as to forecast future RE projects integration into a smart city during the whole life-cycle stage. The practical application of the presented evaluation framework was illustrated by the comparative case study. Based on the created smart building integrat...

Sustainable construction – is one of the most topical issues nowadays and it is conductive to rea... more Sustainable construction – is one of the most topical issues nowadays and it is conductive to reach sustain-able development in the sphere of society evolution. On purpose to reach sustainable development, it is faced with difficulties for criteria system's creation for construction sustainability's assessment, for collecting information about criteria and mathematical calculations. Many authors deal with a wide range of investment construction process re-lated problems. However, an important issue of construction investment projects' integration into the regional devel-opment remains almost unstudied. Although the optimal construction investment project is selected according finan-cial indicators, the chosen project could be not a good match for other implemented or planned to implement investment projects. In the content of regional development the synergy effect is very important. Therefore, the com-plex effect of various criteria should be evaluated: construction inv...

Inzinerine Ekonomika- …, 2010

... foreign countries projects used to be appraised in financial terms: the Net Present Value, In... more ... foreign countries projects used to be appraised in financial terms: the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period, the best value for investment (European Investment Bank, 2005; Salman et al, 2007; Abdelrahman et al, 2008; Ye, Liu, 2008; Liou, Huang, 2008; Ye ...

International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 2014

ABSTRACT

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2011

The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is ... more The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is not appropriate when analysing the competitiveness of construction companies. The collected data of Lithuanian construction companies was analysed by applying statistical methods and the construction companies were classified into competitiveness classes according to the relative value of the overhead costs. The new classification provides the basis for economical evaluation of the construction companies and modelling of their competitiveness in regard to the value of overhead costs as well as applying the competitive advantages for the estimation of construction bidding price.Tradicinė statybos įmonių klasifikacija pagal įmonės darbuotojų skaičių nėra korektiška statybos įmonėms analizuoti ir jų konkurencingumui vertinti. Taikant statistinius duomenų apdorojimo metodus išnagrinėti Lietuvos statybos įmonių duomenys ir pasiūlyta nauja statybos įmonių klasifikacija į konkurencingumo klases pagal jų pridėtinių išlaidų santykinio rodiklio reikšmę. Sukurta nauja statybosį monių klasifikacija leidžia atlikti ekonominį statybos įmonių įvertinimą ir modeliuoti jų konkurencingumą pridėtinių išlaidų aspektu, suformuoti konkurencingą pasiūlymo kainą, įvertinant konkrečius statybos įmonės konkurencinius pranašumus.

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2003

The paper deals with important aspects of construction management key factors identification and ... more The paper deals with important aspects of construction management key factors identification and their relative significance for the construction projects management effectiveness. The approach of artificial neural network allows the construction projects management effectiveness model to be built and to determine the key determinants from a host of possible management factors that influence the project effectiveness in terms of budget

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2009

The enhancement of the competitiveness of a construction company is one of the most important str... more The enhancement of the competitiveness of a construction company is one of the most important strategic objectives in construction industry. The company's management system, work organization and employment of available assets are some of the most important factors upon which overhead costs and the bidding price of a construction company depend directly. A statistical analysis of a homogenous group of

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2011

The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is ... more The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is not appropriate when analysing the competitiveness of construction companies. The collected data of Lithuanian construction companies was analysed by applying statistical methods and the construction companies were classified into competitiveness classes according to the relative value of the overhead costs. The new classification provides the basis for economical evaluation of the construction companies and modelling of their competitiveness in regard to the value of overhead costs as well as applying the competitive advantages for the estimation of construction bidding price.

Roads in Lithuania are financed only from collected road taxes; however, this funding is not suff... more Roads in Lithuania are financed only from collected road taxes; however, this funding is not sufficient for road maintenance and improvement. Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications allocates the funding received from European Regional Development Fund as follows: improvement of pavement of regional roads, implementation of traffic safety and environmental measures, and implementation of Gravel Roads Paving Programme. Since 2004 road projects in Lithuania have been financed from European Union funds. Unfortunately these financial resources are not sufficient for the implementation of all road investment projects in Lithuania. The problem of selecting the most effective road investment projects is becoming more and more acute. Road investment project alternatives have to be appraised in an integrated manner using mathematical models in addition to economic, social and environmental criteria. Scientific problem – road investment projects are o...

The principles of sustainability have become particularly important in the real estate and constr... more The principles of sustainability have become particularly important in the real estate and construction sector over the past decade. Despite extended efforts to evaluate the sustainability aspects of the real estate development, very few attempts have been exposed in the scientific literature pursuing integrating the investors and real estate developers' responsibility for the local community, regional economy and environmental problems within their financial expectations. The paper presents methodology enabling evaluating the balance of real estate development sustainability and financial viability issues during the feasibility study process. The Model for Real Estate Investment Evaluation Based on Sustainable Development Aspects proposed by the authors was applied to the case study of Lithuanian sports and entertainment arenas. By using multi-criteria decision analysis sustainability assessment of multi-functional arenas was carried out which disclosed that positive sustainability effects lays down on the owner's and operator's monetary liabilities.

Comprehensive Energy Systems, 2018

The Degree Certificates are giving reference to the joint programme. The doctoral candidates are ... more The Degree Certificates are giving reference to the joint programme. The doctoral candidates are jointly supervised, and must pass a joint examination procedure set up by the three institutions issuing the degrees. This Thesis is a part of the examination for the doctoral degree. The invested degrees are official in Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. SETS Joint Doctorate was awarded the Erasmus Mundus excellence label by the European Commission in year 2010, and the European Commission's Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency, EACEA, has supported the funding of this programme. The EACEA is not to be held responsible for contents of the Thesis. vi Energy Management of Smart Cities Christian F. Calvillo Muñoz Energy Management of Smart Cities 1 Christian F. Calvillo Muñoz Chapter 7 Complete smart city energy model: aggregated DER and transport systems with active market participation Chapter 8 Conclusions, contributions and future work Chapter 1 Energy Management of Smart Cities 9 Christian F. Calvillo Muñoz 2 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter presents the identification of energy systems task, corresponding to the smart city energy model methodology described in section 1.3. This includes the evaluation of energy systems available in a smart city, assessing their importance and possible synergies, in addition to the review of the existing models and tools, to select which ones could be used. The first part of the chapter introduces an overview of energy related work on planning and operation models within the smart city by classifying their scope into five main intervention areas. These areas are generation, storage, infrastructure, facilities, and transport. Then, more complex urban energy models integrating more than one intervention area are reviewed, outlining their advantages and limitations, existing trends and challenges, as well as some relevant smart cities applications. With this revision, important elements and possible synergies in the smart city are identified, and a framework for developing a comprehensive smart city energy model is proposed, along with some additional recommendations. Therefore, the main contributions of this chapter are, first, a comprehensive literature review of smart city energy systems and related modelling tools, classifying them in five intervention areas, and second, a framework with guidelines and recommendations for developing a comprehensive smart city energy model.

Sustainability, 2020

Inevitably, the 21st century has initiated a series of developments in the construction industry,... more Inevitably, the 21st century has initiated a series of developments in the construction industry, leading to its digitalization and resulting in a series of innovative approaches and practices. At the same time, the construction industry, being one of the main global environment polluters, should fulfil well-established, as well as novel, sustainability requirements in order to evolve in harmony with the rising concerns on the availability of natural resources. This overview study aims to present the main developments, research, and scientific challenges in the field of sustainable construction, emphasizing the field of energy. The study aims to present a state-of-the-art scientific discussion on the sustainable built environment topic by analyzing cutting edge topics in the fields of building elements and whole building energy assessment, of indoor air quality and low carbon buildings, as well as on sustainable energy systems and smart buildings. The study also presents the state-o...

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis, 2020

The article presents facility management effectiveness analysis taking into account theoretical a... more The article presents facility management effectiveness analysis taking into account theoretical aspects and scientific literature resources. Facility management concepts and its differences amongst Lithuania and other countries is provided within this article, highlighting the latest ISO 41001:2018 Facility management standard, which application is expected to expand the market development for facility management services. Furthermore, the article includes a discussion on the facility management transformation due to the newest technologies. Lastly, the article reveals scientific research results and factors influencing the facility management effectiveness.

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2020

Financial supporting schemes for the energy upgrading of the building sector in Europe constitute... more Financial supporting schemes for the energy upgrading of the building sector in Europe constitute one of the major policies of the European Union (EU). Since the beginning of the 2000s, dozens of funding programs and initiatives have been announced by the European Commission (EC). It is a fact that the majority of these policies have borne fruit, as the metrics on both energy savings in the building sector and the promotion of renewable energy in the built environment have turned the EU into a global pioneer. This paper attempts to give a brief overview of the main policy and financial tools for the energy upgrading of the built environment in Europe. Emphasis is placed on three major mechanisms, which concern different-scale projects: crowdfunding projects, public-private co-financing projects, and large-scale projects funded by financial institutions such as European Investment Bank (EIB). Reference is also made to recently implemented EU funded research programs in this field. Th...

Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2018

Energies, 2020

The aim of this study is to define the features that smart buildings should fulfil in order to be... more The aim of this study is to define the features that smart buildings should fulfil in order to be compatible with the overall context of the smart city and to introduce a new evaluation framework of Smart Buildings Integration into a Smart City (SBISC). By analysing scientific literature as well as existing international and local project examples, the features of smart buildings that are expected to be adopted in smart cities were identified. The SBISC evaluation methodology was developed and applied to a set of selected projects. The literature review revealed that the smart building and smart city concepts were developed in different time frames and by different stakeholders and, thus, need to be realigned. The most important aspect is to employ in a smart building all the functionalities proposed by the smart areas of the city and vice versa by enabling the recommended features of smart materials, smart building services, and smart construction to serve for the surrounding syste...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Building Sustainability Assessment Schemes (BSAS) are the key instruments to measure, evaluate an... more Building Sustainability Assessment Schemes (BSAS) are the key instruments to measure, evaluate and implement sustainability goals through all building’s life-cycle. The current trend for the establishment of practices resulting to green and sustainable buildings is based on environmental protection aspirations, as well as on rising real estate market demands for improved indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the construction stage process on the results of BSAS ratings. Seven administrative buildings rated by BREEAM or LEED, located in Lithuania, were assessed in terms of this study. Five criteria were employed to assess the sustainability of the investigated buildings at the construction phase, including the project management, the responsible purchase of building materials, the use of legal timber materials, the construction waste and the protection against environmental contamination. The selected criteria constitute a signifi...

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2015

Transport sector is very important for development of local economies, so it is intensively studi... more Transport sector is very important for development of local economies, so it is intensively studied in different countries. Road infrastructure construction projects in many European countries are mainly carried out through various forms of Public–Private Partnership (PPP). Financial evaluation, private partner selection criteria, technical characteristics and very important focus of sustainable development components (environmental, social and economic) of PPP road infrastructure development projects are widely analysed in the scientific literature. Although many research studies were published for PPP road infrastructure projects efficiency assessment from different aspects, there have not been created assessment methodology with all key areas incorporated altogether. The authors provide an integrated PPP road infrastructure projects effectiveness modelling methodology by applying Random Forest technique. The developed methodology is recommended to be applied for PPP road infrastr...

Sustainability, 2020

Smart buildings and smart cities are not the future perspectives anymore—the smart building integ... more Smart buildings and smart cities are not the future perspectives anymore—the smart building integration into a smart city is an actual question for today and tomorrow. Development of smart buildings not only enhances the smart city concept but also promotes positivity to the urban development and national economy, and increases the quality of life of the whole population reacting to global challenges of sustainability. The innovative smart building and smart city technologies enable us to overcome these challenges by being employed through all real estate (RE) project development stages. The Evaluation Framework for Real Estate Development in Smart Cities created by the authors provides the possibility to assess the existing as well as to forecast future RE projects integration into a smart city during the whole life-cycle stage. The practical application of the presented evaluation framework was illustrated by the comparative case study. Based on the created smart building integrat...

Sustainable construction – is one of the most topical issues nowadays and it is conductive to rea... more Sustainable construction – is one of the most topical issues nowadays and it is conductive to reach sustain-able development in the sphere of society evolution. On purpose to reach sustainable development, it is faced with difficulties for criteria system's creation for construction sustainability's assessment, for collecting information about criteria and mathematical calculations. Many authors deal with a wide range of investment construction process re-lated problems. However, an important issue of construction investment projects' integration into the regional devel-opment remains almost unstudied. Although the optimal construction investment project is selected according finan-cial indicators, the chosen project could be not a good match for other implemented or planned to implement investment projects. In the content of regional development the synergy effect is very important. Therefore, the com-plex effect of various criteria should be evaluated: construction inv...

Inzinerine Ekonomika- …, 2010

... foreign countries projects used to be appraised in financial terms: the Net Present Value, In... more ... foreign countries projects used to be appraised in financial terms: the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period, the best value for investment (European Investment Bank, 2005; Salman et al, 2007; Abdelrahman et al, 2008; Ye, Liu, 2008; Liou, Huang, 2008; Ye ...

International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 2014

ABSTRACT

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2011

The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is ... more The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is not appropriate when analysing the competitiveness of construction companies. The collected data of Lithuanian construction companies was analysed by applying statistical methods and the construction companies were classified into competitiveness classes according to the relative value of the overhead costs. The new classification provides the basis for economical evaluation of the construction companies and modelling of their competitiveness in regard to the value of overhead costs as well as applying the competitive advantages for the estimation of construction bidding price.Tradicinė statybos įmonių klasifikacija pagal įmonės darbuotojų skaičių nėra korektiška statybos įmonėms analizuoti ir jų konkurencingumui vertinti. Taikant statistinius duomenų apdorojimo metodus išnagrinėti Lietuvos statybos įmonių duomenys ir pasiūlyta nauja statybos įmonių klasifikacija į konkurencingumo klases pagal jų pridėtinių išlaidų santykinio rodiklio reikšmę. Sukurta nauja statybosį monių klasifikacija leidžia atlikti ekonominį statybos įmonių įvertinimą ir modeliuoti jų konkurencingumą pridėtinių išlaidų aspektu, suformuoti konkurencingą pasiūlymo kainą, įvertinant konkrečius statybos įmonės konkurencinius pranašumus.

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2003

The paper deals with important aspects of construction management key factors identification and ... more The paper deals with important aspects of construction management key factors identification and their relative significance for the construction projects management effectiveness. The approach of artificial neural network allows the construction projects management effectiveness model to be built and to determine the key determinants from a host of possible management factors that influence the project effectiveness in terms of budget

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2009

The enhancement of the competitiveness of a construction company is one of the most important str... more The enhancement of the competitiveness of a construction company is one of the most important strategic objectives in construction industry. The company's management system, work organization and employment of available assets are some of the most important factors upon which overhead costs and the bidding price of a construction company depend directly. A statistical analysis of a homogenous group of

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2011

The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is ... more The traditional classification of construction companies depending on the number of employees is not appropriate when analysing the competitiveness of construction companies. The collected data of Lithuanian construction companies was analysed by applying statistical methods and the construction companies were classified into competitiveness classes according to the relative value of the overhead costs. The new classification provides the basis for economical evaluation of the construction companies and modelling of their competitiveness in regard to the value of overhead costs as well as applying the competitive advantages for the estimation of construction bidding price.