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Papers by Audrone Bliujiene

Archaeologia Baltica, Dec 27, 2023

This article discusses the results of a large-scale analysis of five cultural heritage alloy refe... more This article discusses the results of a large-scale analysis of five cultural heritage alloy reference materials (CHARM) and their shavings using handheld (pXRF) and stationary energy dispersive (ED-XRF) spectrometers. The primary objective of these studies was to assess the capability of the pXRF and ED-XRF spectrometers as a non-invasive surface-measuring technique used for the analysis of the reference materials and the reliability of the data obtained. The second objective was to evaluate the capability of the pXRF and ED-XRF spectrometers used for the analysis of shavings of the same five reference materials and to assess the data obtained. These objectives required finding the best fitting analytical tools for the comparison, and the assessment of the reliability of the data, and, very importantly, finding reliable models for data analysis and results validity verification. Based on the analysis carried out on the cultural heritage alloy reference materials, it can be concluded that the results of XRF spectrometry obtained from both spectrometers are reliable and can be compared to each other by making reference to four basic conditions: that the provided analysis should be based on certified reference materials of known elemental composition; that analysis be performed according to appropriate measuring methodology (research protocol); that analysing tools (predictive analytics) be clearly defined; and, finally, that testing be done on archaeological artefacts. The reliability and inter-correlation of the results obtained were assessed to determine the possibility of successfully applying XRF spectrometry in the investigation of archaeological artefacts produced from copper alloys.

Acknowledgements ... vii List of Figures ... ix List of Appendices ... xxxi List of Tables ... xx... more Acknowledgements ... vii List of Figures ... ix List of Appendices ... xxxi List of Tables ... xxxiii Chronological System Used in the Book ... xxxv List of Abbreviations ... xxxix Introduction ... 1 1 Baltic Amber: Distribution, Main Sources and Accessibility ... 5 2 Amber in Lithuanian Historiography ... 15 3 The Aestii and the Glesum Epoch ... 35 4 Amber in Medieval Lithuania ... 203 Conclusions ... 335 Appendices and Tables ... 353 Bibliography ... 379 Index ... 407

Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos muziejus eBooks, 2018

Studies in Archaeometry, 2020

by Arkadiusz Dymowski, Audrone Bliujiene, Helle Horsnaes, Fraser Hunter, Kyrylo Myzgin, Lennart Lind, Lucian Munteanu, Jan Pelsdonk, Wital Sidarowicz, Istvan Vida, Mirjana Vojvoda, and David Wigg-Wolf

C. Găzdac (ed.) Group and Individual Tragedies in Roman Europe. The Evidence of Hoards, Epigraphic and Literary Sources (Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology: monographic series, 1), 2020

The publication presents a complete and up-to-date list of Imperial denarius hoards from the Euro... more The publication presents a complete and up-to-date list of Imperial denarius hoards from the European Barbaricum with a very basic comment. It is not intended to be a detailed catalogue of hoards, but only a starting point for more detailed searches and studies.

Archaeologia Baltica, 2023

Based on the analysis carried out on the cultural heritage alloy reference materials, it can be concluded that the results of XRF spectrometry obtained from both spectrometers are reliable and can be compared to each other by making reference to four basic conditions: that the provided analysis should be based on certified reference materials of known elemental composition; that analysis be performed according to appropriate measuring methodology (research protocol); that analysing tools (predictive analytics) be clearly defined; and, finally, that testing be done on archaeological artefacts. The reliability and inter-correlation of the results obtained were assessed to determine the possibility of successfully applying XRF spectrometry in the investigation of archaeological artefacts produced from copper alloys.

Thi study presents a systematic analysis of the huge, and in most cases, completely new archaeolo... more Thi study presents a systematic analysis of the huge, and in most cases, completely new archaeological evidence for amber from Lithuania and the surrounding regions. A comprehensive synthesis of archaeological evidence and written sources provides an opportunity to develop new viewpoints about the sources of amber, extraction methods and amber-wearing.

Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos muziejus eBooks, 2018

Adolfas Tautavičius was the first one to distinguish the territory between Šilutė and Priekulė al... more Adolfas Tautavičius was the first one to distinguish the territory between Šilutė and Priekulė along with Švėkšna, a.k.a. Lamata Land, as a micro region, a peculiar ethnocultural area. It covers the area of 500 sq. km. Over 30 burial monuments, dating back to the 7th–8th/12th centuries, can be found in Lamata Land. The mid-13th-century written sources refer to Lamata Land. Jewellery and its wearing probably best reveal the ethnical peculiarities. Shield or heart-shaped pendants for caps or necklaces were jewellery typical only of Lamata women. A knitting-needle-shaped brass pins for fastening headwear or pinning hair, found in Barvai, Jurgaičiai, Mataičiai, Bikavėnai, Pociai, Stragnai, Vėžaičiai, Wolves’ Corner grave fields, belonged to Lamata and Scalovian women. It is important to note that such jewellery, adorned with ornamentation of complicated geometrical compositions on both sides, is only a small part of Balts’ jewellery. These pins came in two types and they are analogous to the 6th–7th-century pins found in the costumes of Northern Franks, Alemanni, Thuringians, Bavarians and Langobards. A lot of amber bead strings were found in the 7th–8th/10th-century graves of Lamata women. They distinguish by a prolonged shape of a cut cone. Arched long-body brooches with a cross-piece between the leg and the body, dating back to the 7th–8th centuries, are particularly typical of Lamata women. The 7th–8th century costume of Lamata women distinguishes by a different style of jewellery, probably affected by the knowledge about the German fashion, although Baltic shapes and decor, characteristic only of this area, are typical of all jewellery, worn by Lamata women

Versus aureus eBooks, 2007

Archaeologia Baltica, Dec 27, 2023

Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos muziejus eBooks, 2018

Studies in Archaeometry, 2020

C. Găzdac (ed.) Group and Individual Tragedies in Roman Europe. The Evidence of Hoards, Epigraphic and Literary Sources (Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology: monographic series, 1), 2020

Archaeologia Baltica, 2023

Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos muziejus eBooks, 2018

Versus aureus eBooks, 2007

The potential of metal analyses for answering archaeological questions was recognised even in the... more The potential of metal analyses for answering archaeological questions was recognised even in the early 19th century, for example, in order to provide information "about the time and place of manufacture of the antiquities" (v. Santen/Lisch 1844). Modern analytical methods allow the non-destructive extraction of large amounts of data directly "on site" or in laboratory conditions following sampling. The two approaches, however, result in very different types of information. The aim of the session is to discuss the problems of different analytical methods with or without sampling and the associated questions on the basis of concrete case studies dealing with precious and base metal finds from the first millennium A.D. What new insights do the already published analyses offer in diachronic and supra-regional comparisons on the dynamics of the availability and use of non-ferrous metals and on the development and dissemination of fine forging know-how? Do metal analyses in combination/in conjunction with typo-chronological data help to recognize distribution networks of objects as well as technical knowledge? Are there sufficient answers to supposedly "old" questions, e.g. about metal recycling in the Barbaricum or about the influence of workshops in a Mediterranean tradition on the development of status objects for elites of the "Barbarians"? Do current discussions about the transformation of things and knowledge influence the selection of objects and the evaluation of analysis data? And last but not least, we hope for new ideas!

Roman and Migration Periods, 2023

The Roman and Migration periods spanning just under 800 years. However, for the Balts, or Aestior... more The Roman and Migration periods spanning just under 800 years. However, for the Balts, or Aestiorum gentes as they were named by the authors of antiquity, that period was times of dynamic development in all spears of their life. Both periods was a time when the structure of the Balts (Aestti) lands settlement structure was changing, the main sources of livelihood became to be agriculture and animal husbandry and both basic economies were developing in a comprehensive ways, iron production and crafts were expending, artefacts producing technologies were improving, burial customs were evolving, and, finally, all this lead to the important changes in the social structure of society.