Pavel Izrael | Catholic University in Ruzomberok (original) (raw)
Papers by Pavel Izrael
This paper offers findings based on analysis of data drawn from a 2015 survey of 286 children and... more This paper offers findings based on analysis of data drawn from a 2015 survey of 286 children and adolescents in Slovakia. This study investigates what the patterns of use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are among Slovak children and adolescents. The results demonstrate that SNSs are popular among young people, and that even children younger than 13 have SNS profiles, and mainly access the Internet at home. They tend to spend more time using SNSs at weekends than on school days. The majority of parents do not apply restrictions in relation to Internet and SNSs use. The study aims to determine what factors predict the use of SNSs. Factors such as sex, age, time spent on the Internet, viewing SNSs as a freer place, and experience with cyberbullying were taken into consideration. Abstract Die vorliegende Studie bietet die Ergebnisse der Datenanalyse aus dem Jahr 2015. Im Rahmen der Studie wurde eine fragebogenbasierte Befragung bei 286 Kindern und Adoleszenten aus der Slowakei durgef...
The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescen... more The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescents to pre-marital sex, marriage and homosexual partnerships. The basis of the research was an assumption that due to apparent sexualisation of television content, it is legitimate to query how this may impact adolescents’ attitudes. As studying attitudes is rather complex, the author primarily focused on analyzing relationships between attitudes and TV viewing, be it in terms of TV consumption or programme preferences. Secondary goal was to look at other possible predictors of attitudes, such as religiousness of parents, parents’ attitudes, adolescents’ values and their bondage to Church. The results confirmed the impact of TV viewing on the attitude disapproving of pre-marital sex in such sense that the more TV viewing, the weaker negative attitude to pre-marital sex is. Other important predictors were found, e.g. religiousness of parents and their attitudes, conformity and adolescents’...
In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor in the language ... more In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor in the language of newspaper style writing. He argues that synonymy is a dynamic factor in newspaper style writing because it significantly contributes to the diversification of author’s language style while enriching the variety of language means. The differences in the meaning between synonyms allow us to work with a text creatively and dynamically due to the possibility of more exact description of things, facts, events or situations; possibility of emphasizing fine dissimilarities and which often enables us to affect reader’s emotions.
Journal of Children and Media, 2013
This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their ... more This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their parents from the Orava region in Slovakia. This study investigates whether a Dutch scale for assessing parental mediation strategies can be used in a different cultural context. The results demonstrate the applicability of the scale. In addition, this study aims to determine which parental mediation strategies are used among parents in Slovakia in relation to TV viewing and what factors predict the use of given strategies. Aside from the commonly used socio-demographic factors, media-related factors and family communication patterns, religiousness and value orientation were taken into consideration as possible predictors. From all of the variables included, religiousness appears to be an important predictor for all mediation strategies.
The New Educational Review, 2020
This report presents the findings from a survey of children aged 9–16 from 19 European countries.... more This report presents the findings from a survey of children aged 9–16 from 19 European countries. The data were collected between autumn 2017 and summer 2019 from 25,101 children by national teams from the EU Kids Online network. A theoretical model and a common methodology to guide this work was developed during four phases of the network’s work, and is discussed at the outset of this report. The main findings from the key topic areas are summarised, which correspond to the factors identified in the theoretical model: Access, Practices and skills, Risks and opportunities, and Social context. Throughout the report, findings are presented according to the countries surveyed, and the gender and age of the children. The survey findings are comparable across countries, and the methodology section presents the common methods followed.
This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their ... more This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their parents from the Orava region in Slovakia. This study investigates whether a Dutch scale for assessing parental mediation strategies can be used in a different cultural context. The results demonstrate the applicability of the scale. In addition, this study aims to determine which parental mediation strategies are used among parents in Slovakia in relation to TV viewing and what factors
predict the use of given strategies. Aside from the commonly used socio-demographic factors, media-related factors and family communication patterns, religiousness and value orientation were taken into consideration as possible predictors. From all of the variables included, religiousness appears to be an important predictor for all mediation strategies.
The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescen... more The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescents to pre-marital sex, marriage and homosexual partnerships. The basis of the research was an assumption that due to apparent sexualization of television content, it is legitimate to querry how this may impact adolescents´ attitudes. As studying attitudes is rather complex, the author primarily focused on analyzing relationships between attitudes
and TV viewing, be it in terms of TV consumption or programme preferences. Secondary goal was to look at
other possible predictors of attitudes, such as religiousness of parents, parents´ attitudes, adolescents´ values and
their bondage to church. The results confirmed the impact of TV viewing on the attitude disapproving of pre-marital sex in such sense that the more TV viewing, the weaker negative attitude to pre-marital sex is. Other important predictors were found, e.g. religiousness of parents and their attitudes, conformity and adolescents´ bondage to church.
The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the category of truth, which the ... more The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the category of truth, which the authors consider fundamental objective in every journalist’s work, and how this category is reflected, as well as implemented in journalistic practice. The right to receive and to spread the truth is one of the most important rights in a human life. Based on the teaching of Catholic Church the authors derive their argumentation and conclusions from the existence of absolute truth –
the view which is in opposition with today’s relativistic theories. Seeking the truth is a persistent process and requires an open attitude of those who seek. The truth is a way of building up relations and has an inter-subjective and dialogical character. As far as the reporting is concerned, the category of truth has shaped such criteria as objectivity, impartiality and transparency which, when applied and achieved, lead to good journalism. We deliberately do not say that they result in good journalism, since there are other similarly important aspects like proficiency in working with language, dedication, knowledge, etc.
However, in this paper we will focus mainly on the category of truth, truthfulness and their realisation in reporting. Truthfulness, from the perspective of authors does not spring from simply stating all the facts relevant to a mediated event or situation (this may be referred to as complexity, which is only one element of truthfulness) but it is a complex category – to some extent philosophical or theological – that goes beyond factual truthfulness. Thus, the substance of truthfulness is deeply rooted in the truth about a man. This anthropological and pesonalistic view of the truth in journalism covers media representation of a man, “the others”
and the world. The authors argue that sometimes even presenting true information can result in a false image, due to some missing aspects of truthful reporting. Despite believing in the existence of absolute truth the authors are aware of the fact that reporting can almost never be absolutely truthful because the sources of information are hardly ever impartial, and another source can change a description of a mediated event or situation. Thus, truthfulness in journalism is about seeking the truth not about owning it.
In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor i... more In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor in the language of newspaper style writing. He argues that synonymy is a dynamic factor in newspaper style writing because it significantly contributes to the diversification of author’s language style while enriching the variety of language means. The differences in the meaning between synonyms allow us to work with a text creatively and dynamically due to the possibility of more exact description of things, facts, events or situations; possibility of emphasizing fine dissimilarities and which often enables us to affect reader’s emotions.
With respect to the problem of the capacity of media to transmit religious messages, it is impor... more With respect to the problem of the capacity of media to transmit religious messages, it is important to understand where the catholic media stand in terms of popularity. A thorough examination of the question of media preferences of children and youth (and the question of media themselves, their content and genres, in particular) is highly relevant and much needed, since the answer to that question may help us better understand the new generation.
This study offers resarch findings on how children and young people in Slovakia perceive Catholic media.
This paper offers findings based on analysis of data drawn from a 2015 survey of 286 children and... more This paper offers findings based on analysis of data drawn from a 2015 survey of 286 children and adolescents in Slovakia. This study investigates what the patterns of use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are among Slovak children and adolescents. The results demonstrate that SNSs are popular among young people, and that even children younger than 13 have SNS profiles, and mainly access the Internet at home. They tend to spend more time using SNSs at weekends than on school days. The majority of parents do not apply restrictions in relation to Internet and SNSs use. The study aims to determine what factors predict the use of SNSs. Factors such as sex, age, time spent on the Internet, viewing SNSs as a freer place, and experience with cyberbullying were taken into consideration. Abstract Die vorliegende Studie bietet die Ergebnisse der Datenanalyse aus dem Jahr 2015. Im Rahmen der Studie wurde eine fragebogenbasierte Befragung bei 286 Kindern und Adoleszenten aus der Slowakei durgef...
The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescen... more The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescents to pre-marital sex, marriage and homosexual partnerships. The basis of the research was an assumption that due to apparent sexualisation of television content, it is legitimate to query how this may impact adolescents’ attitudes. As studying attitudes is rather complex, the author primarily focused on analyzing relationships between attitudes and TV viewing, be it in terms of TV consumption or programme preferences. Secondary goal was to look at other possible predictors of attitudes, such as religiousness of parents, parents’ attitudes, adolescents’ values and their bondage to Church. The results confirmed the impact of TV viewing on the attitude disapproving of pre-marital sex in such sense that the more TV viewing, the weaker negative attitude to pre-marital sex is. Other important predictors were found, e.g. religiousness of parents and their attitudes, conformity and adolescents’...
In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor in the language ... more In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor in the language of newspaper style writing. He argues that synonymy is a dynamic factor in newspaper style writing because it significantly contributes to the diversification of author’s language style while enriching the variety of language means. The differences in the meaning between synonyms allow us to work with a text creatively and dynamically due to the possibility of more exact description of things, facts, events or situations; possibility of emphasizing fine dissimilarities and which often enables us to affect reader’s emotions.
Journal of Children and Media, 2013
This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their ... more This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their parents from the Orava region in Slovakia. This study investigates whether a Dutch scale for assessing parental mediation strategies can be used in a different cultural context. The results demonstrate the applicability of the scale. In addition, this study aims to determine which parental mediation strategies are used among parents in Slovakia in relation to TV viewing and what factors predict the use of given strategies. Aside from the commonly used socio-demographic factors, media-related factors and family communication patterns, religiousness and value orientation were taken into consideration as possible predictors. From all of the variables included, religiousness appears to be an important predictor for all mediation strategies.
The New Educational Review, 2020
This report presents the findings from a survey of children aged 9–16 from 19 European countries.... more This report presents the findings from a survey of children aged 9–16 from 19 European countries. The data were collected between autumn 2017 and summer 2019 from 25,101 children by national teams from the EU Kids Online network. A theoretical model and a common methodology to guide this work was developed during four phases of the network’s work, and is discussed at the outset of this report. The main findings from the key topic areas are summarised, which correspond to the factors identified in the theoretical model: Access, Practices and skills, Risks and opportunities, and Social context. Throughout the report, findings are presented according to the countries surveyed, and the gender and age of the children. The survey findings are comparable across countries, and the methodology section presents the common methods followed.
This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their ... more This study is based on an analysis of data drawn from a 2010 survey of 486 adolescents and their parents from the Orava region in Slovakia. This study investigates whether a Dutch scale for assessing parental mediation strategies can be used in a different cultural context. The results demonstrate the applicability of the scale. In addition, this study aims to determine which parental mediation strategies are used among parents in Slovakia in relation to TV viewing and what factors
predict the use of given strategies. Aside from the commonly used socio-demographic factors, media-related factors and family communication patterns, religiousness and value orientation were taken into consideration as possible predictors. From all of the variables included, religiousness appears to be an important predictor for all mediation strategies.
The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescen... more The study deals with the issue of possible impact of television viewing on attitudes of adolescents to pre-marital sex, marriage and homosexual partnerships. The basis of the research was an assumption that due to apparent sexualization of television content, it is legitimate to querry how this may impact adolescents´ attitudes. As studying attitudes is rather complex, the author primarily focused on analyzing relationships between attitudes
and TV viewing, be it in terms of TV consumption or programme preferences. Secondary goal was to look at
other possible predictors of attitudes, such as religiousness of parents, parents´ attitudes, adolescents´ values and
their bondage to church. The results confirmed the impact of TV viewing on the attitude disapproving of pre-marital sex in such sense that the more TV viewing, the weaker negative attitude to pre-marital sex is. Other important predictors were found, e.g. religiousness of parents and their attitudes, conformity and adolescents´ bondage to church.
The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the category of truth, which the ... more The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the category of truth, which the authors consider fundamental objective in every journalist’s work, and how this category is reflected, as well as implemented in journalistic practice. The right to receive and to spread the truth is one of the most important rights in a human life. Based on the teaching of Catholic Church the authors derive their argumentation and conclusions from the existence of absolute truth –
the view which is in opposition with today’s relativistic theories. Seeking the truth is a persistent process and requires an open attitude of those who seek. The truth is a way of building up relations and has an inter-subjective and dialogical character. As far as the reporting is concerned, the category of truth has shaped such criteria as objectivity, impartiality and transparency which, when applied and achieved, lead to good journalism. We deliberately do not say that they result in good journalism, since there are other similarly important aspects like proficiency in working with language, dedication, knowledge, etc.
However, in this paper we will focus mainly on the category of truth, truthfulness and their realisation in reporting. Truthfulness, from the perspective of authors does not spring from simply stating all the facts relevant to a mediated event or situation (this may be referred to as complexity, which is only one element of truthfulness) but it is a complex category – to some extent philosophical or theological – that goes beyond factual truthfulness. Thus, the substance of truthfulness is deeply rooted in the truth about a man. This anthropological and pesonalistic view of the truth in journalism covers media representation of a man, “the others”
and the world. The authors argue that sometimes even presenting true information can result in a false image, due to some missing aspects of truthful reporting. Despite believing in the existence of absolute truth the authors are aware of the fact that reporting can almost never be absolutely truthful because the sources of information are hardly ever impartial, and another source can change a description of a mediated event or situation. Thus, truthfulness in journalism is about seeking the truth not about owning it.
In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor i... more In the article the author deals with the concept of synonymy as a dynamic factor in the language of newspaper style writing. He argues that synonymy is a dynamic factor in newspaper style writing because it significantly contributes to the diversification of author’s language style while enriching the variety of language means. The differences in the meaning between synonyms allow us to work with a text creatively and dynamically due to the possibility of more exact description of things, facts, events or situations; possibility of emphasizing fine dissimilarities and which often enables us to affect reader’s emotions.
With respect to the problem of the capacity of media to transmit religious messages, it is impor... more With respect to the problem of the capacity of media to transmit religious messages, it is important to understand where the catholic media stand in terms of popularity. A thorough examination of the question of media preferences of children and youth (and the question of media themselves, their content and genres, in particular) is highly relevant and much needed, since the answer to that question may help us better understand the new generation.
This study offers resarch findings on how children and young people in Slovakia perceive Catholic media.