Nanda Appaji | Kuvempu University (original) (raw)
Papers by Nanda Appaji
African Journal of Plant Science, 2013
Leaf phenology tree species of dry deciduous and evergreen forests of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary (... more Leaf phenology tree species of dry deciduous and evergreen forests of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary (13°25’ and 13°50’ N, 75°15’ and 75°50’ E) was studied during June 2004 to May 2006. Leaf fall starts in September and with a peak in December and January. Leaf initiation starts in February and with a peak in April before monsoon, while leaf expansion starts in February with a peak in May and July during monsoon in dry deciduous forest. In evergreen forest, leaf falling and leaf initiation was observed in one or the other species with a peak in January to February, leaf expansion too observed throughout the year with a peak in January and April before monsoon. Varying leaf phenology of these forest types is dependent on a regional rainfall pattern. Key words: Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, dry deciduous forest, evergreen forest, leaf phenology, seasonality.
Journal of Tree Sciences, 2017
Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breas... more Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) of Kemmanugundi, Karnataka was studied. Tree species were identified and tagged with a number of approximately five km single transect comprising
Advances in Forestry Letters, 2016
This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rai... more This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rainfall and temperature in bhadra wildlife sanctuary. Leaf initiation in canopy trees begins in February and peaks in April, in understorey trees begins in February peaks in March with a varying number of species. Leaf expansion starts from February till July, as expansion to full leaf takes more time from summer to onset of rain both in canopy and understorey trees. Leaf senescence begins in November and peaks in December and January in both years with varying number of species. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced deviations in the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles. We tested for the occurrence of seasonal phenological patterns within canopy and understorey trees using circular statistics. Seasonality of leafing phenophases in canopy and understorey trees is strongly seasonal. As understorey leaf initiation begins first latter in canopy trees with a difference of 13‐14 days, when canopy trees are in leaf less or leaf absence period, whereas leaf expansion and leaf senescence takes place early in canopy trees, with a difference of 2 and 4 days. Absence of leaf peaks in the middle of the March in canopy and understorey trees, with a difference of 3‐5 days.
Our Nature, 2012
Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied. Community... more Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied. Community wide pattern in both vegetative and reproductive phenophases among various tree species of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka is reported here. Leaf initiation peaks in the month of April in dry forest, after leaf less period of 1-2 months, in evergreen forest leaf initiation peaks in the month of January simultaneously with leaf senescence. Flower initiation begins from January till June with a peak in April in dry forest. Evergreen forest starts from November to march with a peak in January and February. Fruit maturation in dry forest starts from March to December with a peak in August and November, in evergreen forest from January to July with a peak in April.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5738
Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of fortyseven (47) tree sp... more Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of fortyseven (47) tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) were identified and tagged with a unique number along a transect of approximately 5 km comprising of a hundred and seventy-seven (177) individuals. Observations were made at monthly intervals from June, 2004 to May, 2006 for leafing, flowering and fruiting phenophases in various tree species at community level. At community level, leaf initiation begins with a major peak in December to January (winter) and a minor peak in April (summer). Leaf expansion begins in January (winter) to February (summer) and June (rainy). Leaf senescence is from August to October (rainy), January (winter) to March (summer) with major and minor peak. Initiation of flower bud occurs during the months of November and January and pollination in December (winter). Fruit bud initiates occurs during January (winter) and April (summer). Ripened fruit starts from January (winter) to April (summer) and in July (rainy). Fruit falling in June (rainy) and March (summer) with a major and minor peak. Rainfall had significant negative influence on both vegetative and reproductive phenologies. Except for leaf senescence, different phenophases of vegetative and reproductive phenologies were significantly seasonal.
Introduction: India ranks 4th in the elderly population. Ageing play an important role in the we... more Introduction: India ranks 4th in the elderly population. Ageing play an important
role in the well being and associated factors. The present study was conducted to
understand the feeling of the elderly residing in urban and rural areas of Shivamogga,
Karnataka southern India.
Methods: The study was conducted on 200 elderly by a questionnaire on their sociodemographic
profile, health, residing place, lifestyle, life satisfaction, dissatisfaction,
culture, tradition, the role of technology and government. Data were analyzed with
Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: For most of the analysed factors rural elders had shown strong positive
correlation compared to urban elders. Health condition is positively significant in
rural elders (rs = 0.76, p < 0.05), when compared to urban elders (rs = 0.67, p < 0.05),
the place of residing is having strong correlation with rural (rs = 0.97, p < 0.05),
because they reside in their own home then urban (rs = 0.56, p < 0.05), as they reside
in rented house hence their attachment to rented house is less than own home.
Conclusion: The elders of rural-urban areas of shivamogga had shown positive
significance with the selected factors, but the strong inclination is towards rural elders.
The rural-urban divide and emotional psychological behaviours need further
investigation
Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast heigh... more Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) of Kemmanugundi, Karnataka was studied. Tree species were identified and tagged with a number of approximately five km single transect comprising
Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of 47 tree species (> 30 c... more Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of 47 tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) were identified and tagged with a unique number along a transect of approximately 5 km comprising
This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rai... more This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rainfall and temperature in bhadra wildlife sanctuary. Leaf initiation in canopy trees begins in February and peaks in April, in understorey trees begins in February peaks in March with a varying number of species. Leaf expansion starts from February till July, as expansion to full leaf takes more time from summer to onset of rain both in canopy and understorey trees. Leaf senescence begins in November and peaks in December and January in both years with varying number of species. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced deviations in the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles. We tested for the occurrence of seasonal phenological patterns within canopy and understorey trees using circular statistics. Seasonality of leafing phenophases in canopy and understorey trees is strongly seasonal. As understorey leaf initiation begins first latter in canopy trees with a difference of 13‐14 days, when canopy trees are in leaf less or leaf absence period, whereas leaf expansion and leaf senescence takes place early in canopy trees, with a difference of 2 and 4 days. Absence of leaf peaks in the middle of the March in canopy and understorey trees, with a difference of 3‐5 days.
Leaf phenology of tropical dry and evergreen forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary was studied form... more Leaf phenology of tropical dry and evergreen forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary was studied form June – 2004 to May-2006 at community level (include both canopy and understorey trees). Rainfall had a significant negative influence on leaf bud and leaf fall, temperature had positive influence on leaf expansion from dry deciduous forest. Rainfall had negative influence on leafing phenology in evergreen forest. Dry forest shows leaf bud in April followed by leaf expansion in May. Leaf fall occurred during early January. In evergreen forest leaf bud during early January, leaf expansion in end of February followed by leaf fall in the mid of February months. Seasonality studies from India have only quantitative assessment. Probably this is the first study from India where seasonality (Rayleigh's) test at community in different forests was performed and their response was described. In dry forests that leaf senescence (0.58) event has strong seasonality followed by leaf initiation (0.43) and leaf expansion (0.35). In evergreen forests leaf initiation (0.26) event has strong seasonality followed by leaf expansion (0.17) and leaf fall (0.096). Variation in leafing seasonality in different types of forests is attributed to change in rainfall, temperature and other unnoticed factors.
Ecological processes
Introduction: This paper describes the leafing, flowering and fruiting phenology of canopy trees ... more Introduction: This paper describes the leafing, flowering and fruiting phenology of canopy trees in the dry deciduous forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary from
This study describes the role of mean temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribution... more This study describes the role of mean temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribution and duration of various leafing phenophases of individual trees recorded at the community level in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India. Plant stress to surrounding environment was assessed by individual trees' phenological response. Regression analysis was performed to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced leafing phenology. We also investigated seasonality of various phenophases to know the cyclicity and strength of seasonality: Leaf initiation and leaf expansion in the beginning and late April, leaf senescence in the middle of January and leaflessness in March. Seasonality study indicates how tropical dry deciduous forest trees respond to their surrounding environment: a strong seasonality in leafless event followed by leaf senescence, leaf initiation and expansion were observed. Overall our study suggests that the response/ sensitivity of tropical dry deciduous forest foliar phenophases is an indication of regional environmental changes.
Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied.
The study describes the role of mean air temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribut... more The study describes the role of mean air temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribution and duration of various leafing phenophases and seasonality
We examined 24 months' data of flowering and fruiting phenophases of 277 individuals of 45 specie... more We examined 24 months' data of flowering and fruiting phenophases of 277 individuals of 45 species at the community level. We determined the timing of the phenophases in relation to seasonal rainfall and temperature. Regression analysis was performed to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles. We also investigated seasonality of various phenophases to understand their cyclicity and strength.
African Journal of Plant Science, 2013
Leaf phenology tree species of dry deciduous and evergreen forests of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary (... more Leaf phenology tree species of dry deciduous and evergreen forests of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary (13°25’ and 13°50’ N, 75°15’ and 75°50’ E) was studied during June 2004 to May 2006. Leaf fall starts in September and with a peak in December and January. Leaf initiation starts in February and with a peak in April before monsoon, while leaf expansion starts in February with a peak in May and July during monsoon in dry deciduous forest. In evergreen forest, leaf falling and leaf initiation was observed in one or the other species with a peak in January to February, leaf expansion too observed throughout the year with a peak in January and April before monsoon. Varying leaf phenology of these forest types is dependent on a regional rainfall pattern. Key words: Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, dry deciduous forest, evergreen forest, leaf phenology, seasonality.
Journal of Tree Sciences, 2017
Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breas... more Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) of Kemmanugundi, Karnataka was studied. Tree species were identified and tagged with a number of approximately five km single transect comprising
Advances in Forestry Letters, 2016
This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rai... more This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rainfall and temperature in bhadra wildlife sanctuary. Leaf initiation in canopy trees begins in February and peaks in April, in understorey trees begins in February peaks in March with a varying number of species. Leaf expansion starts from February till July, as expansion to full leaf takes more time from summer to onset of rain both in canopy and understorey trees. Leaf senescence begins in November and peaks in December and January in both years with varying number of species. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced deviations in the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles. We tested for the occurrence of seasonal phenological patterns within canopy and understorey trees using circular statistics. Seasonality of leafing phenophases in canopy and understorey trees is strongly seasonal. As understorey leaf initiation begins first latter in canopy trees with a difference of 13‐14 days, when canopy trees are in leaf less or leaf absence period, whereas leaf expansion and leaf senescence takes place early in canopy trees, with a difference of 2 and 4 days. Absence of leaf peaks in the middle of the March in canopy and understorey trees, with a difference of 3‐5 days.
Our Nature, 2012
Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied. Community... more Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied. Community wide pattern in both vegetative and reproductive phenophases among various tree species of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka is reported here. Leaf initiation peaks in the month of April in dry forest, after leaf less period of 1-2 months, in evergreen forest leaf initiation peaks in the month of January simultaneously with leaf senescence. Flower initiation begins from January till June with a peak in April in dry forest. Evergreen forest starts from November to march with a peak in January and February. Fruit maturation in dry forest starts from March to December with a peak in August and November, in evergreen forest from January to July with a peak in April.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5738
Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of fortyseven (47) tree sp... more Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of fortyseven (47) tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) were identified and tagged with a unique number along a transect of approximately 5 km comprising of a hundred and seventy-seven (177) individuals. Observations were made at monthly intervals from June, 2004 to May, 2006 for leafing, flowering and fruiting phenophases in various tree species at community level. At community level, leaf initiation begins with a major peak in December to January (winter) and a minor peak in April (summer). Leaf expansion begins in January (winter) to February (summer) and June (rainy). Leaf senescence is from August to October (rainy), January (winter) to March (summer) with major and minor peak. Initiation of flower bud occurs during the months of November and January and pollination in December (winter). Fruit bud initiates occurs during January (winter) and April (summer). Ripened fruit starts from January (winter) to April (summer) and in July (rainy). Fruit falling in June (rainy) and March (summer) with a major and minor peak. Rainfall had significant negative influence on both vegetative and reproductive phenologies. Except for leaf senescence, different phenophases of vegetative and reproductive phenologies were significantly seasonal.
Introduction: India ranks 4th in the elderly population. Ageing play an important role in the we... more Introduction: India ranks 4th in the elderly population. Ageing play an important
role in the well being and associated factors. The present study was conducted to
understand the feeling of the elderly residing in urban and rural areas of Shivamogga,
Karnataka southern India.
Methods: The study was conducted on 200 elderly by a questionnaire on their sociodemographic
profile, health, residing place, lifestyle, life satisfaction, dissatisfaction,
culture, tradition, the role of technology and government. Data were analyzed with
Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: For most of the analysed factors rural elders had shown strong positive
correlation compared to urban elders. Health condition is positively significant in
rural elders (rs = 0.76, p < 0.05), when compared to urban elders (rs = 0.67, p < 0.05),
the place of residing is having strong correlation with rural (rs = 0.97, p < 0.05),
because they reside in their own home then urban (rs = 0.56, p < 0.05), as they reside
in rented house hence their attachment to rented house is less than own home.
Conclusion: The elders of rural-urban areas of shivamogga had shown positive
significance with the selected factors, but the strong inclination is towards rural elders.
The rural-urban divide and emotional psychological behaviours need further
investigation
Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast heigh... more Phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) of Kemmanugundi, Karnataka was studied. Tree species were identified and tagged with a number of approximately five km single transect comprising
Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of 47 tree species (> 30 c... more Tree phenology and seasonality of topical evergreen forest woody stems of 47 tree species (> 30 cm girth at breast height) were identified and tagged with a unique number along a transect of approximately 5 km comprising
This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rai... more This study aimed to compare the timing of leaf phenology of canopy and understorey trees with rainfall and temperature in bhadra wildlife sanctuary. Leaf initiation in canopy trees begins in February and peaks in April, in understorey trees begins in February peaks in March with a varying number of species. Leaf expansion starts from February till July, as expansion to full leaf takes more time from summer to onset of rain both in canopy and understorey trees. Leaf senescence begins in November and peaks in December and January in both years with varying number of species. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced deviations in the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles. We tested for the occurrence of seasonal phenological patterns within canopy and understorey trees using circular statistics. Seasonality of leafing phenophases in canopy and understorey trees is strongly seasonal. As understorey leaf initiation begins first latter in canopy trees with a difference of 13‐14 days, when canopy trees are in leaf less or leaf absence period, whereas leaf expansion and leaf senescence takes place early in canopy trees, with a difference of 2 and 4 days. Absence of leaf peaks in the middle of the March in canopy and understorey trees, with a difference of 3‐5 days.
Leaf phenology of tropical dry and evergreen forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary was studied form... more Leaf phenology of tropical dry and evergreen forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary was studied form June – 2004 to May-2006 at community level (include both canopy and understorey trees). Rainfall had a significant negative influence on leaf bud and leaf fall, temperature had positive influence on leaf expansion from dry deciduous forest. Rainfall had negative influence on leafing phenology in evergreen forest. Dry forest shows leaf bud in April followed by leaf expansion in May. Leaf fall occurred during early January. In evergreen forest leaf bud during early January, leaf expansion in end of February followed by leaf fall in the mid of February months. Seasonality studies from India have only quantitative assessment. Probably this is the first study from India where seasonality (Rayleigh's) test at community in different forests was performed and their response was described. In dry forests that leaf senescence (0.58) event has strong seasonality followed by leaf initiation (0.43) and leaf expansion (0.35). In evergreen forests leaf initiation (0.26) event has strong seasonality followed by leaf expansion (0.17) and leaf fall (0.096). Variation in leafing seasonality in different types of forests is attributed to change in rainfall, temperature and other unnoticed factors.
Ecological processes
Introduction: This paper describes the leafing, flowering and fruiting phenology of canopy trees ... more Introduction: This paper describes the leafing, flowering and fruiting phenology of canopy trees in the dry deciduous forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary from
This study describes the role of mean temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribution... more This study describes the role of mean temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribution and duration of various leafing phenophases of individual trees recorded at the community level in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India. Plant stress to surrounding environment was assessed by individual trees' phenological response. Regression analysis was performed to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced leafing phenology. We also investigated seasonality of various phenophases to know the cyclicity and strength of seasonality: Leaf initiation and leaf expansion in the beginning and late April, leaf senescence in the middle of January and leaflessness in March. Seasonality study indicates how tropical dry deciduous forest trees respond to their surrounding environment: a strong seasonality in leafless event followed by leaf senescence, leaf initiation and expansion were observed. Overall our study suggests that the response/ sensitivity of tropical dry deciduous forest foliar phenophases is an indication of regional environmental changes.
Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied.
The study describes the role of mean air temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribut... more The study describes the role of mean air temperature and total rainfall patterns on the distribution and duration of various leafing phenophases and seasonality
We examined 24 months' data of flowering and fruiting phenophases of 277 individuals of 45 specie... more We examined 24 months' data of flowering and fruiting phenophases of 277 individuals of 45 species at the community level. We determined the timing of the phenophases in relation to seasonal rainfall and temperature. Regression analysis was performed to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles. We also investigated seasonality of various phenophases to understand their cyclicity and strength.
Flowering and fruiting phenophases of dry deciduous forest of bhadra wildlife sanctuary was exami... more Flowering and fruiting phenophases of dry deciduous forest of bhadra wildlife sanctuary was
examined for 277 individuals of 45 species at community level the timing of the phenophases in
relation to seasonal rainfall and temperature. Regression analysis was performed to examine how
variations in rainfall and temperature influenced the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles.
Flower initiation begins in November and continues till June with peak during April to June.
Opening of flower and pollination peak in April and May. Fruiting initiation had two peaks in
February to April in the dry season and continued after rainfall in September to October. Maturity
in fruit peak in March in dry season and after rainfall directionality of maturity was more with a
peak in August and November. Deviations from phenology cycles were largely attributable to
short-term fluctuations in rainfall and/or temperature. Overall our study suggests that reproductive
phenophases response is an indication of regional environmental changes.