JAMES NDAKO | Landmark University (original) (raw)

Papers by JAMES NDAKO

Food Research

The bioactive compounds from plant extract represent a potent alternative to combating the increa... more The bioactive compounds from plant extract represent a potent alternative to combating the increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to synthetic drugs. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical, and antibacterial activities of Morinda lucida. Leaves of M. lucida was extracted successively using n-hexane, acetone, methanol and distilled water. The crude plant extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against pathogens found in food and other sources such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. using the agar well diffusion technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out using the microbroth dilution technique. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids and sterols in all extracts. Flavonoid was only present in the n-Hexane extract. The result showed that n-Hexane extract had the widest zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa...

Salmonella Typhi is a major global concern in many low- and middle-income countries. In addition,... more Salmonella Typhi is a major global concern in many low- and middle-income countries. In addition, the emergence and persistence of drug resistant strains has increased the impact of this disease. Plant metabolites have been explored traditionally and scientifically as antimicrobial agents. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of acetone leaf fractions of H. indica against S. Typhi. Dried pulverized leaves of H. indica were macerated with acetone after defatting with n-hexane. The leaf extract was concentrated and subjected to column chromatography and eight bioactive fractions were identified. The fractions were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fractions were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhi in-vitro and in-silico. The lowest MIC was observed in fractions 20 and 21 (0.375 mg/mL) while the lowest MBC was observed in all fractions except 7, 17 and 18 (0.375 mg/mL). A ligand from fraction 8 ha...

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain V 4-UPM was investigated for its viability when coated on di... more Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain V 4-UPM was investigated for its viability when coated on different grains offal following exposure to room temperature (RT) (21-27°C) for 8 weeks and using residual infectivity titration at weekly intervals in chick embryos as a measure of viability. The grains (maize, sorghum and millet) used for the study were processed to produce the offal which was dried in the sun before and at RT under a gentle air current after coating with virus. The time duration taken for the infectivity of the virus to drop below the minimum immunizing dose (MID) (log 10 EID 50 /g ≥ 6.0) was compared for virus suspensions containing additive (2% gelatin) and without additive. Results showed that the virus coated onto the carrier foods offal without additive remained stable at ≥ MID value for ≈3 weeks (millet), 3.5 weeks (sorghum) and ≈5 weeks (maize) and with additive for ≈5.2 weeks (sorghum), 5 weeks (millet) and ≈6 weeks (maize) at RT. Thus, V 4-UPM was found in this study to be stable even without additive for a minimum of 3 weeks on one of the grains offal, a reasonable time for the food vaccine to reach remote areas of most villages. It is concluded that the waste byproducts of any of these foods could be suitable as carriers for food-based vaccination of rural chickens in Nigeria.

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Jan 3, 2017

Infections due to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses are significant health problems around the ... more Infections due to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses are significant health problems around the globe, Nigeria inclusive. Asymptomatic Hepatitis B and C infections are common and when occurring in pregnancy can be transmitted to the new born. To determine the prevalence rate of asymptomatic hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women, 406 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at University Health centre and Our Lady of Apostle hospital, all in Jos, Plateau State were recruited for the study. The study was also carried out to determine whether liver aminotransferases and serum albumin can be affected by hepatitis infection during pregnancy. Demographic and past clinical histories were obtained using a questionnaire. Serum samples from each study subject were tested using third-generation enzyme immunoassay kits for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against hepatitis C (HCV). Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were also estimated in all subjects using Reitman-Frankel method. Also serum albumin was measured in all subjects using Bromocresol green (BCG) method by Teitz. The results showed that 10.0% and 1.2% of the 406 blood samples tested positive on HBV and HCV, respectively. Furthermore, 1.2% of the 406 blood samples tested positive with both HBV and HCV. The mean AST levels for HBsAg negative and positive subjects were 10.55 ± 0.05 and 12.16 ± 0.29, respectively while the mean ALT levels were 5.54 ± 0.005 and 8.01 ± 0.01, respectively. The mean AST for anti-HCV negative and positive subject were 10.67 ± 0.01 and 9.01 ± 0.05, respectively while ALT were 5.71 ± 0.01 and 4.01 ± 0.05, respectively. There was a significant increase in levels of AST and ALT between the HBsAg positive and negative pregnant subjects (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean serum albumin level for HBsAg positive and negative pregnant subjects were 30.60 ± 2.75 and 35.58 ± 3.82, respectively. Also, the mean albumin level for HCV positive and negative pregnant subjects were 28.5 ± 2.12 and 35.55 ± 3.7, respectively. There was a significant increase in albumin level between HBsAg and HCV positive and negative pregnant subjects (P < 0.05). HBV and HCV infection can be present in pregnant women and can alter liver aminotransferases and serum albumin. Routine screening of pregnant women for HBV and HCV should be instituted in order to detect infection early and prevent or reduce vertical or prenatal transmission.

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

Journal of Applied Sciences, Mar 15, 2023

Salmonella infection remains a major global health problem and worsened by lack of appropriate di... more Salmonella infection remains a major global health problem and worsened by lack of appropriate diagnostic tools to aid early detection and teatment, particularly in low-income nations . Salmonella typhi is the most common causative agent of typhoid fever and the prevalence of this illness has been on the increase specifically in areas of poor personal hygiene and sanitation. This study was carried out to further improve the diagnosis of salmonella infection, through a mathematical regression model. An analysis was performed using the logistic regression approach and the predictability of the model was done by extracting fifteen (15) typhoid observations from the obtained samples; for the model to predict their status. The model was able to accurately predict 66.7% of the observations. This study showed an increased prevalence in typhoid fever including a significant correlation between typhoid fever and other parameters. The global burden of this illness can be minimized by proper v...

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a common fruit tree that grows in several tropical and subtropical ... more Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a common fruit tree that grows in several tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The aim of this study was to employ the use of liquid-liquid fractionation to investigative the comparative antibacterial potential of crude extracts of Guava leaves and bark against selected food isolates; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis of the extract showed presence of tannin, phenol, flavonoid and terpenoid in all extract, while steroid and saponin were absent in some. The agar diffusion method was employed for the assessment of the sensitivity of the extracts. The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions from the stem bark acetone extract generally showed better antimicrobial activity compared with other extracts from leaves. The extract was active both against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram negative bacteria (Escheric...

F1000Research

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both as classified... more Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both as classified blood-borne viruses since they are transmitted through contact with contaminated blood. Approximately 1.3 million of the 2.75 million global HIV/HCV carriers inject drugs (PWID). HIV co-infection has a harmful effect on the progression of HCV, resulting in greater rates of HCV persistence after acute infection, higher viral levels, and accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. In this study, we developed and investigated a mathematical model for the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS and HCV co-infection, which includes therapy for both diseases, vertical transmission in HIV cases, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, inefficient HIV treatment follow-up, and efficient condom use. Methods: Positivity and boundedness of the model under investigation were established using well-known theorems. The equilibria were demonstrated by bringing all differential equ...

F1000Research

Background: Since the early 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its accompanying acquir... more Background: Since the early 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its accompanying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have spread worldwide, becoming one of the world's major global health issues. From the beginning of the epidemic until 2020, about 79.3 million people became infected, with 36.3 million deaths due to AIDS illnesses. This huge figure is a result of those unaware of their status due to stigmatization and invariably spreading the virus unknowingly. Methods: Qualitative analysis through a mathematical model that will address HIV unaware individuals and the effect of an increasing defaulter on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS was investigated. The impact of treatment and the effect of inefficient follow-up on the transmission of HIV/AIDS were examined. The threshold for the effective reduction of the unaware status of HIV through testing, in response to awareness, and the significance of effective non-defaulting in treatment commonly called defaulters loss to ...

Heliyon

Background: Typhoid or enteric fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is largely a disease of de... more Background: Typhoid or enteric fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is largely a disease of developing nations due to poor standard of hygiene and unavailability of potable water. The most prominent feature of the infection is fever which gradually rises to a high plateau. The prevalence of typhoid fever has been on the increase which is associated with several hematological parameters. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the changes in various hematological parameters in our study subjects. Method: Four Hundred-(400) samples were obtained from volunteer subjects visiting the outpatient department of the Landmark University Medical Center. 200 typhoid positive samples were collected from subjects while 200 typhoid negative blood samples served as controls (From both male and female subjects each). Widal test was carried out as a confirmatory test for typhoid fever and evaluation of the hematological parameters were performed. The hematological parameters considered includes Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell count (WBC), Platelet count (PLT), Lymphocyte (LYMP) their implications on both male and female typhoid fever patients were also determined. Results: The result showed a significant reduction in the values for PCV, WBC, ESR and HAE concentration in typhoid positive males in comparison to typhoid negative males. In females, a significant decrease was observed in values for PCV, ESR, HAE concentration and PLT in typhoid positive females when compared to typhoid negative females. These parameters when compared showed a significant decrease recorded in PCV, ESR and HAE concentration of the typhoid positive male patients in comparison to typhoid positive female patients. Conclusion: This study implies that anemia, bone marrow suppression and hemaphagocytosis are likely resulting factors of typhoid fever due to the changes in the hematological parameters. Therefore, these parameters have to be further studied to allow for efficient management of this illness.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital infections worldwide Women infected ... more Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital infections worldwide Women infected for the first time during pregnancy are especially likely to transmit CMV to their fetuses and has been proposed as a risk factor for preterm birth. The seroprevalence of CMV in adults and the incidence of congenital CMV infection are highest in developing countries (1 to 5% of births) 90% of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth and are not recognized as at risk for CMV-associated infection. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of CMV infection among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic. In this study, Two-hundred and eighty eight (288) pregnant women were enrolled. Questionnaires were issued to volunteer subjects after due consent was sought, to determine demographic and other relevant data. 5mls of blood was collected by venous puncture from the antecubital fossa and dispensed into plain containers; sera were collected after centrifugation of the bl...

Medical hypotheses, 2020

Epidemiologic studies have established a relationship between pediatric patients and typhoid feve... more Epidemiologic studies have established a relationship between pediatric patients and typhoid fever infection. This study was carried out to ascertain if specific hematological measurements of the pediatric patients discriminate between their positive and negative status to typhoid infection and to produce a rule for classifying other pediatric patients. Discriminant analysis was applied to predict the probability of a specific categorical outcome based on several explanatory variables (predictors). This study analyzed the differentiation between two hundred pediatric patients attending Landmark University Medical Centre based on their typhoid fever status. The hematological parameters considered were Packed Cell Volume, White Blood Cell count; Neutrophil, Erythrocyte level, Hemoglobin and Platelet count, Assay of samples were performed using standard procedures. Fisher's Linear Discriminant Method was used for classification of variables in this study. With the use of the Fisher...

Food Research

The bioactive compounds from plant extract represent a potent alternative to combating the increa... more The bioactive compounds from plant extract represent a potent alternative to combating the increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to synthetic drugs. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical, and antibacterial activities of Morinda lucida. Leaves of M. lucida was extracted successively using n-hexane, acetone, methanol and distilled water. The crude plant extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against pathogens found in food and other sources such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. using the agar well diffusion technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out using the microbroth dilution technique. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids and sterols in all extracts. Flavonoid was only present in the n-Hexane extract. The result showed that n-Hexane extract had the widest zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa...

Salmonella Typhi is a major global concern in many low- and middle-income countries. In addition,... more Salmonella Typhi is a major global concern in many low- and middle-income countries. In addition, the emergence and persistence of drug resistant strains has increased the impact of this disease. Plant metabolites have been explored traditionally and scientifically as antimicrobial agents. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of acetone leaf fractions of H. indica against S. Typhi. Dried pulverized leaves of H. indica were macerated with acetone after defatting with n-hexane. The leaf extract was concentrated and subjected to column chromatography and eight bioactive fractions were identified. The fractions were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fractions were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhi in-vitro and in-silico. The lowest MIC was observed in fractions 20 and 21 (0.375 mg/mL) while the lowest MBC was observed in all fractions except 7, 17 and 18 (0.375 mg/mL). A ligand from fraction 8 ha...

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain V 4-UPM was investigated for its viability when coated on di... more Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain V 4-UPM was investigated for its viability when coated on different grains offal following exposure to room temperature (RT) (21-27°C) for 8 weeks and using residual infectivity titration at weekly intervals in chick embryos as a measure of viability. The grains (maize, sorghum and millet) used for the study were processed to produce the offal which was dried in the sun before and at RT under a gentle air current after coating with virus. The time duration taken for the infectivity of the virus to drop below the minimum immunizing dose (MID) (log 10 EID 50 /g ≥ 6.0) was compared for virus suspensions containing additive (2% gelatin) and without additive. Results showed that the virus coated onto the carrier foods offal without additive remained stable at ≥ MID value for ≈3 weeks (millet), 3.5 weeks (sorghum) and ≈5 weeks (maize) and with additive for ≈5.2 weeks (sorghum), 5 weeks (millet) and ≈6 weeks (maize) at RT. Thus, V 4-UPM was found in this study to be stable even without additive for a minimum of 3 weeks on one of the grains offal, a reasonable time for the food vaccine to reach remote areas of most villages. It is concluded that the waste byproducts of any of these foods could be suitable as carriers for food-based vaccination of rural chickens in Nigeria.

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Jan 3, 2017

Infections due to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses are significant health problems around the ... more Infections due to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses are significant health problems around the globe, Nigeria inclusive. Asymptomatic Hepatitis B and C infections are common and when occurring in pregnancy can be transmitted to the new born. To determine the prevalence rate of asymptomatic hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women, 406 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at University Health centre and Our Lady of Apostle hospital, all in Jos, Plateau State were recruited for the study. The study was also carried out to determine whether liver aminotransferases and serum albumin can be affected by hepatitis infection during pregnancy. Demographic and past clinical histories were obtained using a questionnaire. Serum samples from each study subject were tested using third-generation enzyme immunoassay kits for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against hepatitis C (HCV). Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were also estimated in all subjects using Reitman-Frankel method. Also serum albumin was measured in all subjects using Bromocresol green (BCG) method by Teitz. The results showed that 10.0% and 1.2% of the 406 blood samples tested positive on HBV and HCV, respectively. Furthermore, 1.2% of the 406 blood samples tested positive with both HBV and HCV. The mean AST levels for HBsAg negative and positive subjects were 10.55 ± 0.05 and 12.16 ± 0.29, respectively while the mean ALT levels were 5.54 ± 0.005 and 8.01 ± 0.01, respectively. The mean AST for anti-HCV negative and positive subject were 10.67 ± 0.01 and 9.01 ± 0.05, respectively while ALT were 5.71 ± 0.01 and 4.01 ± 0.05, respectively. There was a significant increase in levels of AST and ALT between the HBsAg positive and negative pregnant subjects (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean serum albumin level for HBsAg positive and negative pregnant subjects were 30.60 ± 2.75 and 35.58 ± 3.82, respectively. Also, the mean albumin level for HCV positive and negative pregnant subjects were 28.5 ± 2.12 and 35.55 ± 3.7, respectively. There was a significant increase in albumin level between HBsAg and HCV positive and negative pregnant subjects (P < 0.05). HBV and HCV infection can be present in pregnant women and can alter liver aminotransferases and serum albumin. Routine screening of pregnant women for HBV and HCV should be instituted in order to detect infection early and prevent or reduce vertical or prenatal transmission.

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

2023 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG)

Journal of Applied Sciences, Mar 15, 2023

Salmonella infection remains a major global health problem and worsened by lack of appropriate di... more Salmonella infection remains a major global health problem and worsened by lack of appropriate diagnostic tools to aid early detection and teatment, particularly in low-income nations . Salmonella typhi is the most common causative agent of typhoid fever and the prevalence of this illness has been on the increase specifically in areas of poor personal hygiene and sanitation. This study was carried out to further improve the diagnosis of salmonella infection, through a mathematical regression model. An analysis was performed using the logistic regression approach and the predictability of the model was done by extracting fifteen (15) typhoid observations from the obtained samples; for the model to predict their status. The model was able to accurately predict 66.7% of the observations. This study showed an increased prevalence in typhoid fever including a significant correlation between typhoid fever and other parameters. The global burden of this illness can be minimized by proper v...

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a common fruit tree that grows in several tropical and subtropical ... more Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a common fruit tree that grows in several tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The aim of this study was to employ the use of liquid-liquid fractionation to investigative the comparative antibacterial potential of crude extracts of Guava leaves and bark against selected food isolates; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis of the extract showed presence of tannin, phenol, flavonoid and terpenoid in all extract, while steroid and saponin were absent in some. The agar diffusion method was employed for the assessment of the sensitivity of the extracts. The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions from the stem bark acetone extract generally showed better antimicrobial activity compared with other extracts from leaves. The extract was active both against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram negative bacteria (Escheric...

F1000Research

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both as classified... more Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both as classified blood-borne viruses since they are transmitted through contact with contaminated blood. Approximately 1.3 million of the 2.75 million global HIV/HCV carriers inject drugs (PWID). HIV co-infection has a harmful effect on the progression of HCV, resulting in greater rates of HCV persistence after acute infection, higher viral levels, and accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. In this study, we developed and investigated a mathematical model for the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS and HCV co-infection, which includes therapy for both diseases, vertical transmission in HIV cases, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, inefficient HIV treatment follow-up, and efficient condom use. Methods: Positivity and boundedness of the model under investigation were established using well-known theorems. The equilibria were demonstrated by bringing all differential equ...

F1000Research

Background: Since the early 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its accompanying acquir... more Background: Since the early 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its accompanying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have spread worldwide, becoming one of the world's major global health issues. From the beginning of the epidemic until 2020, about 79.3 million people became infected, with 36.3 million deaths due to AIDS illnesses. This huge figure is a result of those unaware of their status due to stigmatization and invariably spreading the virus unknowingly. Methods: Qualitative analysis through a mathematical model that will address HIV unaware individuals and the effect of an increasing defaulter on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS was investigated. The impact of treatment and the effect of inefficient follow-up on the transmission of HIV/AIDS were examined. The threshold for the effective reduction of the unaware status of HIV through testing, in response to awareness, and the significance of effective non-defaulting in treatment commonly called defaulters loss to ...

Heliyon

Background: Typhoid or enteric fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is largely a disease of de... more Background: Typhoid or enteric fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is largely a disease of developing nations due to poor standard of hygiene and unavailability of potable water. The most prominent feature of the infection is fever which gradually rises to a high plateau. The prevalence of typhoid fever has been on the increase which is associated with several hematological parameters. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the changes in various hematological parameters in our study subjects. Method: Four Hundred-(400) samples were obtained from volunteer subjects visiting the outpatient department of the Landmark University Medical Center. 200 typhoid positive samples were collected from subjects while 200 typhoid negative blood samples served as controls (From both male and female subjects each). Widal test was carried out as a confirmatory test for typhoid fever and evaluation of the hematological parameters were performed. The hematological parameters considered includes Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell count (WBC), Platelet count (PLT), Lymphocyte (LYMP) their implications on both male and female typhoid fever patients were also determined. Results: The result showed a significant reduction in the values for PCV, WBC, ESR and HAE concentration in typhoid positive males in comparison to typhoid negative males. In females, a significant decrease was observed in values for PCV, ESR, HAE concentration and PLT in typhoid positive females when compared to typhoid negative females. These parameters when compared showed a significant decrease recorded in PCV, ESR and HAE concentration of the typhoid positive male patients in comparison to typhoid positive female patients. Conclusion: This study implies that anemia, bone marrow suppression and hemaphagocytosis are likely resulting factors of typhoid fever due to the changes in the hematological parameters. Therefore, these parameters have to be further studied to allow for efficient management of this illness.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital infections worldwide Women infected ... more Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital infections worldwide Women infected for the first time during pregnancy are especially likely to transmit CMV to their fetuses and has been proposed as a risk factor for preterm birth. The seroprevalence of CMV in adults and the incidence of congenital CMV infection are highest in developing countries (1 to 5% of births) 90% of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth and are not recognized as at risk for CMV-associated infection. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of CMV infection among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic. In this study, Two-hundred and eighty eight (288) pregnant women were enrolled. Questionnaires were issued to volunteer subjects after due consent was sought, to determine demographic and other relevant data. 5mls of blood was collected by venous puncture from the antecubital fossa and dispensed into plain containers; sera were collected after centrifugation of the bl...

Medical hypotheses, 2020

Epidemiologic studies have established a relationship between pediatric patients and typhoid feve... more Epidemiologic studies have established a relationship between pediatric patients and typhoid fever infection. This study was carried out to ascertain if specific hematological measurements of the pediatric patients discriminate between their positive and negative status to typhoid infection and to produce a rule for classifying other pediatric patients. Discriminant analysis was applied to predict the probability of a specific categorical outcome based on several explanatory variables (predictors). This study analyzed the differentiation between two hundred pediatric patients attending Landmark University Medical Centre based on their typhoid fever status. The hematological parameters considered were Packed Cell Volume, White Blood Cell count; Neutrophil, Erythrocyte level, Hemoglobin and Platelet count, Assay of samples were performed using standard procedures. Fisher's Linear Discriminant Method was used for classification of variables in this study. With the use of the Fisher...