Erum Hussain | Lahore College For Women University Lahore Pakistan (original) (raw)

Papers by Erum Hussain

International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2013

The purpose of this research is to introduce new green, nontoxic, cost effective derivatives of g... more The purpose of this research is to introduce new green, nontoxic, cost effective derivatives of guar gum with antioxidant moieties covalently bounded to guar backbone. Guar gum is one of the significant naturally occurring non-ionic polysaccharide which has wide applications due to its rheological modifying properties in medicinal industrial and other commercial sectors. The amendment of rheological properties of guar gum can improve and diversify its commercial applications. A novel and efficient synthesis of five different new derivatives of guar gum (3a-3e) were prepared by insitu activation of caffeic, cinnamic, coumaric ferulic, and hydrocinnamic acid with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Temperature Effect, reactants concentration and time interval played imperative role for determining the degree of substitution (DS) in all synthetic guar esters. The DS value was estimated quantitatively by titration method. Guar derivatives with variable D...

Ecology gradually affects the biochemical composition of plant which is progressively influenced ... more Ecology gradually affects the biochemical composition of plant which is progressively influenced by conservationism. This observation is extensively supported when Caryophyllales is examined for its phytochemical characterization. So, anthocyanins are replaced by betalain in various vegetative parts mainly in flowers and fruits. Due to physiological features, betalain and anthocyanins are homologous, and this exploration is broadly reinforced by analysis and phytochemical identification. It was inferred that betalain has replaced anthocyanins in several parts of plants especially somatic organs chiefly in flowers and fruits.

Various bioavailable compounds from plants have recently attracted much attention as they are vit... more Various bioavailable compounds from plants have recently attracted much attention as they are vital protecting factors in human health. Pharmacological activities of betalain such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, and antimicrobial make them able to play a central role in human health. When betalains become part of regular diet in humans, they offer fortification against stress-related syndromes due to their ability to obstruct lipid peroxidation and oxidation other than its color-imparting features. Several pathological syndromes are well treated and cured by health-promoting agents like beetroot. Beetroot supplementation containing betalain is recounted to attenuate inflammation, decrease blood pressure, avoid oxidative burden, restore cerebrovascular hemodynamics, and block endothelial function in humans [1].

Five new 2,4,6-triarylpyridine analogues with potential biological importance have been synthesiz... more Five new 2,4,6-triarylpyridine analogues with potential biological importance have been synthesized using the multicomponent reaction (MCR) solid support catalyst synthetic approach. This green synthesis furnished method simplicity, reduce reaction time, and excellent yield, along with an additional feature of catalyst reusability. A number of spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry, confirmed structures of the newly synthesized compounds. Antibacterial and anti-urease activities of these compounds were evaluated. Results revealed that compounds 4a, 4c, 4d, and 4e exhibit significant inhibition against gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, all synthesized compounds showed potent urease inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 12.8 ± 1.04 to 23.7 ± 0.23 µM when compared with the standard inhibitor thiourea (IC50 21.0 ± 0.23 µM).In addition, the synthesized derivatives were subjected to density functional theory (DFT) calculations (DFT) to...

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2021

In the present study, structurally diverse improvement was made towards bis(indolyl)methanes 5(a-... more In the present study, structurally diverse improvement was made towards bis(indolyl)methanes 5(a-e) and 5'(a-e) along with 6(a-e) and 6'(a-e) by multicomponent approach. Mono and di-N- substituted BIMs were formed by 2(a-e) and 2'(a-e), 3(a-e) and 3'(a-e). Silica-potassium hydrogen sulfate (SiO2-KHSO4) benign and efficient catalyst is used for the synthesis of new compounds where pre-modified indole unit was alkylated by substituted aromatic aldehydes. The yield was significantly affected in the presence of SiO2-KHSO4 and maximum yield (89% in 1 h reaction) of BIMs was achieved using SiO2-KHSO4 (mol 5%). The SiO2-KHSO4 also considerably reduced the reaction time for the synthesis of BIMs. This protocol was found to be beneficial with respect to catalyst, short reaction time, simple work-up and high yield. The compounds thus prepared are studied through FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS spectral data.

Betalains are frequently present in composite mixtures. They quickly decompose in the separation ... more Betalains are frequently present in composite mixtures. They quickly decompose in the separation stages and refining that makes separation of higher amounts of pigments difficult. Identification and structural elucidation of betalain molecules comprise of comparison of electrophoretic, chromatographic, and spectroscopic properties and involve direct comparison of these properties with reliable criterions before and after well-organized hydrolysis. The sensitivity of betalains to acid hydrolysis makes them different from anthocyanins, and their color changes with pH changes. In electrophoretic and chromatographic characteristics, both can be distinguished by simple color tests. Since both types of pigments occur exclusively, color tests are usually performed by using crude plant extracts. HPLC is the top-benched method in both quantifiable and semi-preparative works on betalains. The current chapter highlights the history of analyses and the most suitable contemporary methods and tec...

The existing lifestyle derived the human needs to the enhanced consumption of processed food. The... more The existing lifestyle derived the human needs to the enhanced consumption of processed food. The concept of food preservation is very traditional. Since ancient times, drying and preservation by salting are the most popular methods which prevent food from biodegradation caused by bacteria, thus resulting in increased shelf life. The food processing generally extends the storage period of food by applying various preservation techniques. This avoids the biochemical as well as microbiological changes in food. In contemporary practice, processing of food enhances the nutritional value and variety of food incorporating organoleptic effect and nutritional quality. Food obtained from plants is generally processed through thermal methods to increase shelf life, flavor and enhances the scrumptiousness. The overall purpose is to make the food safe and available around the year for human consumption.

Despite the vast importance of green chemistry synthesis and characterization of natural biopolym... more Despite the vast importance of green chemistry synthesis and characterization of natural biopolymers is need of time which eliminates the danger to health and environment. Polysaccharides are widely spread biopolymers with diversity of structure and properties. They are potential substitutes of petroleum-derived synthetic products because they are easily available, nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Due to their fascinating properties they are used as a rheological modifier in food, pharmaceutical, paper, textile, oil and drilling and score of other industrial and commercial sectors. Modification of hydrophilic backbone of these biopolymers diversifies and enhances its applications and functionality. Guar gum is an outstanding representative of green, ecofriendaly biopolymers This Review deals with structure, properties and potential uses of green biopolymer guar gum. Different methodologies to modify guar to enhance and diversify its properties and application range are dis...

Broad bio-spectrum of 1,3-oxazole and benzoxazole has created an attractive platform for syntheti... more Broad bio-spectrum of 1,3-oxazole and benzoxazole has created an attractive platform for synthetic chemists to introduce structural modification in its nucleus by straight forward access to new approaches. Owing to its fascinating features and interesting pharmacological activities, many researchers have proved that oxazole is an active agent in treating different diseases. Based on this fact, this article outlines intramolecular and two component intermolecular cyclization to oxazoles and benzoxazoles. The theme is well documented in this review article covering the era from 2007 till present. Moreover, bioactivity and mechanistic insights are provided with different synthetic approaches, encompassing various pathways.

Betalains, the group of chemicals responsible for color in red beet, are found to exhibit powerfu... more Betalains, the group of chemicals responsible for color in red beet, are found to exhibit powerful antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging properties with potential health benefits in humans, such as boosting immune system and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer [1].

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

Betalains: Biomolecular Aspects

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

Journal of Chemistry

Focusing on green chemistry protocols, a series of carbohydrate derivatives (5a–l) have been synt... more Focusing on green chemistry protocols, a series of carbohydrate derivatives (5a–l) have been synthesized by Fischer glycosylation of α-D-glucose, D-xylose, and α-maltose with several nonpolar phenolic ester aglycones (3a–d) derived from menthol by employing solid-supported Si-H+ as the catalyst. In order to study the extent of mesomorphism in target molecules, the thermotropic behaviour has been studied by using the thermoanalytic DSC/TGA technique and polarized optical microscope. Phase transitions in the DSC thermograms of 5a–l with two endothermic melting point peaks and various exothermic crystalline transitions exhibits the existence of mesophases. However, optical photomicrographs revealed that the new glycopyranosides formed smectic A phases. Moreover, all the compounds (3a–d and 5a–l) were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Guar esters of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acid) were prepared and examined. Est... more Guar esters of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acid) were prepared and examined. Esterification was done in two steps, with the first goal to prepare acid chloride by refluxing acid with slight excess of thionyl chloride, and the product was confirmed by elemental analysis. Ten different types of fatty acid (C 5-C 18) were used for derivatization. The reaction mechanism for synthesis of fatty acid ester of guar was studied in detail. Physical properties of the esters were examined as well. The degree of substitution was calculated by titration method and structure elucidation was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.

Scientia Iranica

Several methods have been developed for the modi cation of natural polymers. Most of the reported... more Several methods have been developed for the modi cation of natural polymers. Most of the reported methods are expensive, since the chemical reactions are carried out using chemical additives along with stabilizers. Microwave-assisted synthetic strategies have gained signi cant importance in the synthesis of materials due to their eco-friendly nature. Guar gum is one of the important naturally occurring non-ionic polysaccharides, which has incredible industrial and commercial applications. A rapid method for protecting the hydroxyl group in sterically hindered gum was developed by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis (MAS). An e cient synthesis of di erent novel guar gum derivatives such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate (GG1-GG3) was performed. Signi cantly higher yield of ester was achieved after 15 min at 600 W using iodine as a reaction promoter. Gum ester formation was carried out at various concentrations for di erent reaction intervals. The synthesized products were characterized using FTIR, NMR, and SEM techniques. The e ciency of the adopted synthesis method was evaluated based on swelling ratio, gelation ability, and solubility. The study indicated that the guar gum could be modi ed using acid anhydride under microwave irradiation with enhanced physic-chemical properties. Moreover, microwave modi cation is an eco-friendly approach.

Betalains: Biomolecular Aspects

Letters in Organic Chemistry

The structural diversity of spiro heterocycles has achieved an extensive attention of organic che... more The structural diversity of spiro heterocycles has achieved an extensive attention of organic chemists due to their vast synthetic applications. Among these, spiropyrazolines are gaining considerable prominence due to their biological and pharmacological activities, electrophotographic photosensitivity as well as their application as beneficial synthons for spirocyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, pyrrolidinones, pyrazoles, 3-amino oxindoles and several natural products molecular architecture. In view of all these, this review aims to provide the classical and advanced regioselective approaches as well as synthetic applications of spiropyrazolines. The key reactions for its synthesis are 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and condensations that are described completely in this piece of work.

International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2013

The purpose of this research is to introduce new green, nontoxic, cost effective derivatives of g... more The purpose of this research is to introduce new green, nontoxic, cost effective derivatives of guar gum with antioxidant moieties covalently bounded to guar backbone. Guar gum is one of the significant naturally occurring non-ionic polysaccharide which has wide applications due to its rheological modifying properties in medicinal industrial and other commercial sectors. The amendment of rheological properties of guar gum can improve and diversify its commercial applications. A novel and efficient synthesis of five different new derivatives of guar gum (3a-3e) were prepared by insitu activation of caffeic, cinnamic, coumaric ferulic, and hydrocinnamic acid with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Temperature Effect, reactants concentration and time interval played imperative role for determining the degree of substitution (DS) in all synthetic guar esters. The DS value was estimated quantitatively by titration method. Guar derivatives with variable D...

Ecology gradually affects the biochemical composition of plant which is progressively influenced ... more Ecology gradually affects the biochemical composition of plant which is progressively influenced by conservationism. This observation is extensively supported when Caryophyllales is examined for its phytochemical characterization. So, anthocyanins are replaced by betalain in various vegetative parts mainly in flowers and fruits. Due to physiological features, betalain and anthocyanins are homologous, and this exploration is broadly reinforced by analysis and phytochemical identification. It was inferred that betalain has replaced anthocyanins in several parts of plants especially somatic organs chiefly in flowers and fruits.

Various bioavailable compounds from plants have recently attracted much attention as they are vit... more Various bioavailable compounds from plants have recently attracted much attention as they are vital protecting factors in human health. Pharmacological activities of betalain such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, and antimicrobial make them able to play a central role in human health. When betalains become part of regular diet in humans, they offer fortification against stress-related syndromes due to their ability to obstruct lipid peroxidation and oxidation other than its color-imparting features. Several pathological syndromes are well treated and cured by health-promoting agents like beetroot. Beetroot supplementation containing betalain is recounted to attenuate inflammation, decrease blood pressure, avoid oxidative burden, restore cerebrovascular hemodynamics, and block endothelial function in humans [1].

Five new 2,4,6-triarylpyridine analogues with potential biological importance have been synthesiz... more Five new 2,4,6-triarylpyridine analogues with potential biological importance have been synthesized using the multicomponent reaction (MCR) solid support catalyst synthetic approach. This green synthesis furnished method simplicity, reduce reaction time, and excellent yield, along with an additional feature of catalyst reusability. A number of spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry, confirmed structures of the newly synthesized compounds. Antibacterial and anti-urease activities of these compounds were evaluated. Results revealed that compounds 4a, 4c, 4d, and 4e exhibit significant inhibition against gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, all synthesized compounds showed potent urease inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 12.8 ± 1.04 to 23.7 ± 0.23 µM when compared with the standard inhibitor thiourea (IC50 21.0 ± 0.23 µM).In addition, the synthesized derivatives were subjected to density functional theory (DFT) calculations (DFT) to...

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2021

In the present study, structurally diverse improvement was made towards bis(indolyl)methanes 5(a-... more In the present study, structurally diverse improvement was made towards bis(indolyl)methanes 5(a-e) and 5'(a-e) along with 6(a-e) and 6'(a-e) by multicomponent approach. Mono and di-N- substituted BIMs were formed by 2(a-e) and 2'(a-e), 3(a-e) and 3'(a-e). Silica-potassium hydrogen sulfate (SiO2-KHSO4) benign and efficient catalyst is used for the synthesis of new compounds where pre-modified indole unit was alkylated by substituted aromatic aldehydes. The yield was significantly affected in the presence of SiO2-KHSO4 and maximum yield (89% in 1 h reaction) of BIMs was achieved using SiO2-KHSO4 (mol 5%). The SiO2-KHSO4 also considerably reduced the reaction time for the synthesis of BIMs. This protocol was found to be beneficial with respect to catalyst, short reaction time, simple work-up and high yield. The compounds thus prepared are studied through FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS spectral data.

Betalains are frequently present in composite mixtures. They quickly decompose in the separation ... more Betalains are frequently present in composite mixtures. They quickly decompose in the separation stages and refining that makes separation of higher amounts of pigments difficult. Identification and structural elucidation of betalain molecules comprise of comparison of electrophoretic, chromatographic, and spectroscopic properties and involve direct comparison of these properties with reliable criterions before and after well-organized hydrolysis. The sensitivity of betalains to acid hydrolysis makes them different from anthocyanins, and their color changes with pH changes. In electrophoretic and chromatographic characteristics, both can be distinguished by simple color tests. Since both types of pigments occur exclusively, color tests are usually performed by using crude plant extracts. HPLC is the top-benched method in both quantifiable and semi-preparative works on betalains. The current chapter highlights the history of analyses and the most suitable contemporary methods and tec...

The existing lifestyle derived the human needs to the enhanced consumption of processed food. The... more The existing lifestyle derived the human needs to the enhanced consumption of processed food. The concept of food preservation is very traditional. Since ancient times, drying and preservation by salting are the most popular methods which prevent food from biodegradation caused by bacteria, thus resulting in increased shelf life. The food processing generally extends the storage period of food by applying various preservation techniques. This avoids the biochemical as well as microbiological changes in food. In contemporary practice, processing of food enhances the nutritional value and variety of food incorporating organoleptic effect and nutritional quality. Food obtained from plants is generally processed through thermal methods to increase shelf life, flavor and enhances the scrumptiousness. The overall purpose is to make the food safe and available around the year for human consumption.

Despite the vast importance of green chemistry synthesis and characterization of natural biopolym... more Despite the vast importance of green chemistry synthesis and characterization of natural biopolymers is need of time which eliminates the danger to health and environment. Polysaccharides are widely spread biopolymers with diversity of structure and properties. They are potential substitutes of petroleum-derived synthetic products because they are easily available, nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Due to their fascinating properties they are used as a rheological modifier in food, pharmaceutical, paper, textile, oil and drilling and score of other industrial and commercial sectors. Modification of hydrophilic backbone of these biopolymers diversifies and enhances its applications and functionality. Guar gum is an outstanding representative of green, ecofriendaly biopolymers This Review deals with structure, properties and potential uses of green biopolymer guar gum. Different methodologies to modify guar to enhance and diversify its properties and application range are dis...

Broad bio-spectrum of 1,3-oxazole and benzoxazole has created an attractive platform for syntheti... more Broad bio-spectrum of 1,3-oxazole and benzoxazole has created an attractive platform for synthetic chemists to introduce structural modification in its nucleus by straight forward access to new approaches. Owing to its fascinating features and interesting pharmacological activities, many researchers have proved that oxazole is an active agent in treating different diseases. Based on this fact, this article outlines intramolecular and two component intermolecular cyclization to oxazoles and benzoxazoles. The theme is well documented in this review article covering the era from 2007 till present. Moreover, bioactivity and mechanistic insights are provided with different synthetic approaches, encompassing various pathways.

Betalains, the group of chemicals responsible for color in red beet, are found to exhibit powerfu... more Betalains, the group of chemicals responsible for color in red beet, are found to exhibit powerful antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging properties with potential health benefits in humans, such as boosting immune system and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer [1].

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

Betalains: Biomolecular Aspects

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

Journal of Chemistry

Focusing on green chemistry protocols, a series of carbohydrate derivatives (5a–l) have been synt... more Focusing on green chemistry protocols, a series of carbohydrate derivatives (5a–l) have been synthesized by Fischer glycosylation of α-D-glucose, D-xylose, and α-maltose with several nonpolar phenolic ester aglycones (3a–d) derived from menthol by employing solid-supported Si-H+ as the catalyst. In order to study the extent of mesomorphism in target molecules, the thermotropic behaviour has been studied by using the thermoanalytic DSC/TGA technique and polarized optical microscope. Phase transitions in the DSC thermograms of 5a–l with two endothermic melting point peaks and various exothermic crystalline transitions exhibits the existence of mesophases. However, optical photomicrographs revealed that the new glycopyranosides formed smectic A phases. Moreover, all the compounds (3a–d and 5a–l) were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Guar esters of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acid) were prepared and examined. Est... more Guar esters of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acid) were prepared and examined. Esterification was done in two steps, with the first goal to prepare acid chloride by refluxing acid with slight excess of thionyl chloride, and the product was confirmed by elemental analysis. Ten different types of fatty acid (C 5-C 18) were used for derivatization. The reaction mechanism for synthesis of fatty acid ester of guar was studied in detail. Physical properties of the esters were examined as well. The degree of substitution was calculated by titration method and structure elucidation was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.

Scientia Iranica

Several methods have been developed for the modi cation of natural polymers. Most of the reported... more Several methods have been developed for the modi cation of natural polymers. Most of the reported methods are expensive, since the chemical reactions are carried out using chemical additives along with stabilizers. Microwave-assisted synthetic strategies have gained signi cant importance in the synthesis of materials due to their eco-friendly nature. Guar gum is one of the important naturally occurring non-ionic polysaccharides, which has incredible industrial and commercial applications. A rapid method for protecting the hydroxyl group in sterically hindered gum was developed by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis (MAS). An e cient synthesis of di erent novel guar gum derivatives such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate (GG1-GG3) was performed. Signi cantly higher yield of ester was achieved after 15 min at 600 W using iodine as a reaction promoter. Gum ester formation was carried out at various concentrations for di erent reaction intervals. The synthesized products were characterized using FTIR, NMR, and SEM techniques. The e ciency of the adopted synthesis method was evaluated based on swelling ratio, gelation ability, and solubility. The study indicated that the guar gum could be modi ed using acid anhydride under microwave irradiation with enhanced physic-chemical properties. Moreover, microwave modi cation is an eco-friendly approach.

Betalains: Biomolecular Aspects

Letters in Organic Chemistry

The structural diversity of spiro heterocycles has achieved an extensive attention of organic che... more The structural diversity of spiro heterocycles has achieved an extensive attention of organic chemists due to their vast synthetic applications. Among these, spiropyrazolines are gaining considerable prominence due to their biological and pharmacological activities, electrophotographic photosensitivity as well as their application as beneficial synthons for spirocyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, pyrrolidinones, pyrazoles, 3-amino oxindoles and several natural products molecular architecture. In view of all these, this review aims to provide the classical and advanced regioselective approaches as well as synthetic applications of spiropyrazolines. The key reactions for its synthesis are 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and condensations that are described completely in this piece of work.