- Breast Cancer Facts 2013. http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-facts. Accessed 16 Oct 2013
- Canadian Cancer Statistics 2013. http://www.cancer.ca. Accessed 3 Sept 2013
- Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A (2013) Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 63(1):11–30
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Chambers AF, Groom AC, MacDonald IC (2002) Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer 2:563–572
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Maxmen A (2012) The hard facts. Nature 485:S50–S51
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Weiss L (1990) Metastatic inefficiency. Adv Cancer Res 54:159–211
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Tarin D, Vass AC, Kettlewell MG, Price JE (1984) Absence of metastatic sequelae during long-term treatment of malignant ascites by peritoneo-venous shunting. A clinic-pathological report. Invas Metast 4:1–12
CAS Google Scholar
- Tarin D, Price JE, Kettlewell MG, Souter RG, Vass AC, Crossley B (1984) Mechanisms of human tumor metastasis studied in patients with peritoneovenous shunts. Cancer Res 44:3584–3592
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Goss PE, Chambers AF (2010) Does tumour dormancy offer a therapeutic target? Nat Rev Cancer 10(12):871–877
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Canadian Cancer Statistics 2010. http://www.cancer.ca Accessed Feb 2010
- Sharma M, Abraham J (2007) CNS metastasis in primary breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 7(11):1561–1566
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Kirsch DG, Loeffler JS (2005) Brain metastases in patients with breast cancer: new horizons. Clin Breast Cancer 2:115–124
Article Google Scholar
- Pestalozzi BC, Zahrieh D, Price KN, Holmberg SB, Lindtner J, Collins J et al (2006) Identifying breast cancer patients at risk for central nervous system (CNS) metastases in trials of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Ann Oncol 17(6):935–944
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Lin NU, Claus E, Sohl J, Razzak AR, Arnaout A, Winer EP (2008) Sites of distant recurrence and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: high incidence of central nervous system metastases. Cancer 113(10):2638–2645
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
- Sperduto PW, Kased N, Roberge D, XU Z, Shanley R, Luo X, Sneed P, Chao ST et al (2012) Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients breast cancer and brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82(5):2111–2117
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
- Vern-Gross TZ, Lawrence JA, Case LD, McMullen KP, Bourland JD, Metheny-Barlow LJ, Ellis TL, Shaw EG et al (2012) Breast cancer subtype affects patterns of failure of brain metastases after treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurooncol 110(3):381–388
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- MacDonald IC, Chambers AF (2006) Breast cancer metastasis progression as revealed by intravital videomicroscopy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 6:1271–1279
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Allan AL, Vantyghem SA, Tuck AB, Chambers AF (2006-2007) Tumor dormancy and cancer stem cells: implications for the biology and treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Breast Dis 26:87-89
Google Scholar
- Barkan D, Chambers AF (2011) β1-integrin: a potential therapeutic target in the battle against cancer recurrence. Clin Cancer Res 17(23):7219–7223
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Ghajar CM, Peinado H, Mori H, Matei IR, Evason KJ, Brazier H, Almeida D, Koller A, Hajjar KA, Stainier DY et al (2013) The perivascular niche regulates breast tumour dormancy. Nat Cell Biol 15(7):807–817
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Sosa MS, Bragado P, Debnath J, Aguirre-Ghiso JA (2013) Regulation of tumor cell dormancy by tissue microenvironments and autophagy. Adv Exp Med Biol 734:73–89
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
- Naumov GN, Townson JL, MacDonald IC, Wilson SM, Bramwell VHC, Groom AC, Chambers AF (2003) Ineffectiveness of doxorubicin treatment on solitary dormant mammary carcinoma cells or late-developing metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82(3):199–206
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Townson JT, Ramadan SS, Simedrea C, Rutt BK, MacDonald IC, Foster PJ, Chambers AF (2009) Three-dimensional imaging and quantification of both solitary cells and metastases in whole mouse liver by magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Res 69(21):8326–8331
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Ohno S, Ishida M, Kataoka A, Murakami S (2004) Brain metastasis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 11(1):27–29
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Mokbel K, Hassanally D (2001) From HER2 to herceptin. Curr Med Res Opin 17(1):51–59
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Baselga J, Albanell J (2001) Mechanism of action of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. Ann Oncol 12(Suppl1):S35–S41
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Daniele L, Sapino A (2009) Anti-HER2 treatment and breast cancer: state of the art, recent patents and new strategies. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 4(1):9–18 (10)
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hortobagyi GN, Esteva FJ (2006) Adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab for HER2/neu-positive breast cancer. Oncologist 11(8):857–867
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Pieńkowski T, Zielinski CC (2010) Trastuzumab treatment in patients with breast cancer and metastatic CNS disease. Ann Oncol 21(5):917–924
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Shmueli E, Wigler N, Inbar M (2004) Central nervous system progression among patients with metastatic breast cancer responding to trastuzumab treatment. Eur J Cancer 40(3):379–382
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Clayton A, Danson S, Jolly S, Ryder W, Burt P, Stewart A et al (2004) Incidence of cerebral metastases in patients treated with trastuzumab for metastatic breast cancer. Br J Cancer 91:639–643
CAS PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
- Lower E, Blau R, Bismayer J, Brennan L, Broun R, Dannenman W et al (2001) Increased brain metastasis detected in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving herceptin. Breast Cancer Res Treat 69:271
Google Scholar
- Son CH, Jimenez R, Niemierko A, Loeffler JS, Oh KS, Shih HA (2012) Outcomes after whole brain reirradiation in patients with brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82(2):e167–e172
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Anzalone N, Gerevini S, Scotti R, Vezzulli P, Picozzi P (2009) Detection of cerebral metastases on magnetic resonance imaging: intraindividual comparison of gadobutrol with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Acta Radiol 50(8):933–940
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Runge VM, Ai T, Hao D, Hu X (2011) The developmental history of the use of gadolinium chelates as intravenous contrast media for MRI. Invest Radiol 46(12):807
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- van der Molen AJ, Bellin MF (2008) Extracellular gadolinium-based contrast media. Eur J Radiol 66(2):168–174
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Padhani AR (2002) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in clinical oncology: current status and future directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 16(4):407–422
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Schaefer PW, Grant PE, Gonzalez RG (2000) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 217:331–345
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Rye PD, Norum L, Olsen DR et al (1996) Brain metastasis model in athymic nude mice using a novel MUC1-secreting human breast-cancer cell line, MA11. Int J Cancer 68(5):682–687
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Yoneda T, Williams PJ, Hiraga T et al (2001) A bone-seeking clone exhibits different biological properties from the MDA-MB-231 parental human breast cancer cells and a brain-seeking clone in vivo and in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 16(8):1486–1495
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Palmieri D, Bronder JL, Herring JM, Yoneda T, Weil RJ, Stark AM, Kurek R, Vega-Valle E, Feigenbaum L, Halverson D et al (2007) Her-2 overexpression increases the metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer cells in the brain. Cancer Res 67(9):4190–4198
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Tanner M, Kapanen AI, Raheem O, Grenman S, Elo J, Elenius K, Isola J (2004) Characterization of a novel cell line established from a patient with Herceptin-resistant breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 3(12):1585–1592
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Quintana A, Raczka E, Bonaccorsi A (1979) Cardiac output distribution measured with radioactive microspheres in the mouse. Pharmacol Res Commun 11(3):245–252
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Basse P, Hokland P, Heron I, Hokland M (1988) Fate of tumour cells injected into left ventricle of heart in BALB/c mice: role of natural killer cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 80(9):657–665
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Perera M, Ribot EJ, Percy DB, McFadden C, Simedrea C, Palmieri D, Chambers AF, Foster PJ (2012) In vivo magnetic resonance imaging for investigating the development and distribution of experimental brain metastases due to breast cancer. Transl Oncol 5(3):1–9
Google Scholar
- Heyn C, Ronald JA, Mackenzie LT, MacDonald IC, Chambers AF, Rutt BK, Foster PJ (2006) In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of single cells in mouse brain with optical validation. Magn Reson Med 55:23–29
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Gonzales-Lara LE, Xu X, Hofstetrova K, Pniak A, Chen Y, McFadden C, Martinez-Santiesteban FM, Rutt BK, Brown A, Foster PJ (2011) The use of cellular magnetic resonance imaging to track the fate of iron-labelled multipotent stromal cells after direct transplantation in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Mol Imaging Biol 13(4):702–711
Article Google Scholar
- Noad J, Gonzales-Lara LE, Broughton HC, McFadden C, Chen Y, Hess DA, Foster PJ (2013) MRI tracking of transplanted iron-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells in an immune-compromised mouse model of critical limb ischemia. NMR Biomed 26(4):458–467
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Lu S, Liu S, Zu Q, Xu X, Yu J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shi H (2013) In vivo MR imaging of intraarterially delivered magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells in a canine stroke model. PLoS ONE 8(2):e54963
Article CAS PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
- Heyn C, Ronald JA, Ramadan SS, Snir JA, Barry AM, MacKenzie LT, Mikulis DJ, Palmieri D, Bronder JL, Steeg PS et al (2006) In vivo MRI of cancer cell fate at the single-cell level in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis to the brain. Magn Reson Med 56:1001–1010
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Zhang RD, Price JE, Fujimaki T et al (1992) Differential permeability of the blood–brain barrier in experimental brain metastases produced by human neoplasms implanted into nude mice. Am J Pathol 141:1115–1124
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Lockman PR, Mittapalli RK, Taskar KS et al (2010) Heterogeneous blood–tumor barrier permeability determines drug efficacy in experimental brain metastases of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16:5664–5678
Article CAS PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
- Percy DB, Ribot EJ, Chen Y, McFadden C, Simedrea C, Steeg PS, Chambers AF, Foster PJ (2011) In vivo characterization of changing blood–tumor barrier permeability in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis: a complementary magnetic resonance imaging approach. Invest Radiol 46(11):718–725
PubMed Google Scholar
- Hermanek P, Hutter RV, Sobin LH, Wittekind C (1999) Classification of isolated tumor cells and micrometastasis. Cancer 86:2668–2673
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Walsh JW, Dempsey RJ, Maruyama Y, Kryscio RJ, Marksbery WR, Macdonald JS, Young B (1990) A randomized trial of surgery in the treatment of single metastases to the brain. New Engl J Med 322:494–500
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
- Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, Dempsey RJ, Mohiuddin M, Kryscio RJ, Markesbery WR, Foon KA, Young B (1998) Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain—A randomized trial. J Amer Med Assoc 280(17):1485–1489
Article CAS Google Scholar
- Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, Flanders AE, Gaspar LE, Schell MC, Werner-Wasik M, Demas W, Ryu J, Bahary JP et al (2004) Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase ΙΙΙ results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363:1665–1672
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Huang F, Alrefae M, Langleben A, Roberge D (2009) Prophylactic cranial irradiation in advanced breast cancer: a case for caution. Int J Radiat Oncol 73(3):752–758
Article Google Scholar