Amos CI, Wu X, Broderick P, Gorlov IP, Gu J, Eisen T, Dong Q, Zhang Q, Gu X, Vijayakrishnan J, Sullivan K, Matakidou A, Wang Y, Mills G, Doheny K, Tsai YY, Chen WV, Shete S, Spitz MR, Houlston RS (2008) Genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility locus for lung cancer at 15q25.1. Nat Genet 40(5):616–622. doi:10.1073_pnas.052716399 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Anton RF, O’Malley SS, Ciraulo DA, Cisler RA, Couper D, Donovan DM, Gastfriend DR, Hosking JD, Johnson BA, LoCastro JS, Longabaugh R, Mason BJ, Mattson ME, Miller WR, Pettinati HM, Randall CL, Swift R, Weiss RD, Williams LD, Zweben A, COMBINE Study Research Group (2006) Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence: the COMBINE study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295:2003–2017 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Anton RF, Oroszi G, O’Malley S, Couper D, Swift R, Pettinati H, Goldman D (2008) An evaluation of mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of naltrexone response in the treatment of alcohol dependence: results from the combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence (COMBINE) study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:135–144 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Arias A, Feinn R, Kranzler HR (2006) Association of an Asn40Asp (A118G) polymorphism in the μ-opioid receptor gene with substance dependence: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 83:262–268 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bauer LO, Covault J, Harel O, Das S, Anton R, Kranzler HR (2007) Variation in GABRA2 predicts drinking behavior in Project MATCH subjects. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31:1780–1787 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Berrettini W, Yuan X, Tozzi F, Song K, Francks C, Chilcoat H, Waterworth D, Muglia P, Mooser V (2008) Alpha-5/alpha-3 nicotinic receptor subunit alleles increase risk for heavy smoking. Mol Psychiatry 13:368–373 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bierut LJ, Madden AF, Breslau N, Johnson EO, Hatsukami D, Pomerleau OF, Swan GE, Rutter J, Bertelsen S, Fox L, Fugman D, Goate AM, Hinrichs AL, Konvicka K, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Saccone NL, Saccone SF, Wang JC, Chase GA, Rice JP, Ballinger DG (2007) Novel genes identified in a high-density genome wide association study for nicotine dependence. Hum Mol Genet 16(1):24–35 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Blomeyer D, Treutlein J, Esser G, Schmidt MH, Schumann G, Laucht M (2008) Interaction between CRHR1 gene and stressful life events predicts adolescent heavy alcohol use. Biol Psychiatry 63(2):146–151 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Caspi A, Moffitt TE (2006) Gene–environment interactions in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:583–590 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301(5631):386–389 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Clarke T-K, Treutlein J, Zimmermann US, Kiefer F, Skowronek MH, Rietschel M, Mann K, Schumann G (2007) HPA-axis activity in alcoholism: examples for a gene–environment interaction. Addict Biol 13(1):1–14 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Covault C, Gelernter J, Hesselbrock V, Nellissery M, Kranzler HR (2004) Allelic and haplotypic association of GABRA2 with alcohol dependence. Am J Med Genet 129B:104–109 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Covault J, Tennen H, Herman AI, Armeli S, Conner T, Cillessen AHN, Kranzler HR (2007) Interactive effects of the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and stressful life events on college student drinking and drug use. Biol Psychiatry 61(5):609–616 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Covault J, Gelernter J, Jensen K, Anton R, Kranzler HR (2008) Markers in the 5′-region of GABRG1 associate to alcohol dependence and are in linkage disequilibrium with markers in the adjacent GABRA2 gene. Neuropsychopharmacology 33(4):837–848 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Dick DM, Wang JC, Plunkett J, Aliev F, Hinrichs A, Bertelsen S, Budde JP, Goldstein EL, Kaplan D, Edenberg HJ, Nurnberger J Jr, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit M, Kuperman S, Tischfield J, Porjesz B, Begleiter H, Bierut LJ, Goate A (2007a) Family-based association analyses of alcohol dependence phenotypes across DRD2 and neighboring gene ANKK1. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31(10):1645–1653 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Dick DM, Plunkett J, Hamlin D, Nurnberger J Jr, Kuperman S, Schuckit M, Hesselbrock V, Edenberg H, Bierut L (2007b) Association analysis of the serotonin transporter gene with lifetime depression and alcohol dependence in the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism (COGA) sample. Psychiatr Genet 17:35–38 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Drgon T, D’Addario C, Uhl GR (2006) Linkage disequilibrium, haplotype and association studies of a chromosome 4 GABA receptor gene cluster: candidate gene variants for addictions. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141B(8):854–860 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Edenberg HJ, Kranzler HR (2005) The contribution of genetics to addiction therapy approaches. Pharmacol Ther 108:86–93 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Edenberg HJ, Jerome RE, Li M (1999) Polymorphism of the human alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) promoter affects gene expression. Pharmacogenetics 9:25–30 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Edenberg HJ, Dick DM, Xuei X, Tian H, Almasy L, Bauer LO, Crowe RR, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Jones K, Kwon J, Li T-K, Nurnberger JI Jr, O’Connor SJ, Reich T, Rice M, Schuckit MA, Porjesz B, Foroud T, Begleiter H (2004) Variations in GABRA2, encoding the α2 subunit of the GABAA receptor, are associated with alcohol dependence and with brain oscillations. Am J Hum Genet 74:705–714 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Edenberg HJ, Xuei X, Chen HJ, Tian H, Wetherill LF, Dick DM, Almasy L, Bierut L, Bucholz KK, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Kuperman S, Nurnberger J, Porjesz B, Rice J, Schuckit M, Tischfield J, Begleiter H, Foroud T (2006) Association of alcohol dehydrogenase genes with alcohol dependence: a comprehensive analysis. Hum Mol Genet 15:1539–1549 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ehlers CL, Gilder DA, Wall TL, Phillips E, Feiler H, Wilhelmsen KC (2004) Genomic screen for loci associated with alcohol dependence in Mission Indians. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 129:110–115 Article Google Scholar
Enoch MA, Schwartz L, Albaugh B, Virkkunen M, Goldman D (2006) Dimensional anxiety mediates linkage of GABRA2 haplotypes with alcoholism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141B(6):599–607 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Enoch MA, Hodgkinson CA, Yuan Q, Albaugh B, Virkkunen M, Goldman D (2009) GABRG1 and GABRA2 as independent predictors for alcoholism in two populations. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:1245–1254 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fehr C, Sander T, Tadic A, Lenzen KP, Anghelescu I, Klawe C, Dahmen N, Schmidt LG, Szegedi A (2006) Confirmation of association of the GABRA2 gene with alcohol dependence by subtype-specific analysis. Psychiatr Genet 16:9–17 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Feinn R, Nellissery M, Kranzler HR (2005) Meta-analysis of the association of a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and alcohol dependence. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 133B:79–84 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Foroud T, Edenberg HJ, Goate A, Rice J, Flury L, Koller DL, Bierut LJ, Conneally PM, Nurnberger JI, Bucholz KK, Li TK, Hesselbrock V, Crowe R, Schuckit M, Porjesz B, Begleiter H, Reich T (2000) Alcoholism susceptibility loci: confirmation studies in a replicate sample and further mapping. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24:933–945 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gelernter J, Yu Y, Weiss R, Brady K, Panhuysen C, Yang BZ, Kranzler HR, Farrer L (2006) Haplotype spanning TTC12 and ANKK1, flanked by the DRD2 and NCAM1 loci, is strongly associated to nicotine dependence in two distinct American populations. Hum Mol Genet 15:3498–3507. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl426 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gelernter J, Gueorguieva R, Kranzler HR, Zhang H, Cramer J, Rosenheck R, Krystal JH, the VA Cooperative Study #425 Study Group (2007) Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, OPRK1, and OPRD1) variants and response to naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence: results from the VA Cooperative Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31(4):555–563 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gelernter J, Kranzler HR, Panhuysen C, Weiss RD, Brady K, Poling J, Farrer L (2009) Dense genomewide linkage scan for alcohol dependence in African-Americans: significant linkage on chromosome 10. Biol Psychiatry 65:111–115 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hasin D, Aharonovich E, Liu X, Mamman Z, Matseoane K, Carr L, Li TK (2002) Alcohol and ADH2 in Israel: Ashkenazis, Sephardics, and recent Russian immigrants. Am J Psychiatry 159:1432–1434 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Heath AC, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Dinwiddie SH, Slutske WS, Bierut LJ, Statham DJ, Dunne MP, Whitfield JB, Martin NG (1997) Genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol dependence risk in a national twin sample: consistency of findings in women and men
Heath AC, Whitfield JB, Madden PA, Bucholz KK, Dinwiddie SH, Slutske WS, Bierut LJ, Statham DB, Martin NG (2001) Towards a molecular epidemiology of alcohol dependence: analysing the interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 40:s33–s40 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hettema JM, Corey LA, Kendler KS (1999) A multivariate genetic analysis of the use of tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine in a population based sample of male and female twins. Drug Alcohol Depend 57:69–78 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hicks BM, Krueger RF, Iacono WG, McGue M, Patrick CJ (2004) Family transmission and heritability of externalizing disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:922–928 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hung RJ, McKay JD, Gaborieau V, Boffetta P, Hashibe M, Zaridze D, Mukeria A, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Lissowska J, Rudnai P, Fabianova E, Mates D, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Chen C, Goodman G, Field JK, Liloglou T, Xinarianos G, Cassidy A, McLaughlin J, Liu G, Narod S, Krokan HE, Skorpen F, Elvestad MB, Hveem K, Vatten L, Linseisen J, Clavel-Chapelon F, Vineis P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Lund E, Martinez C, Bingham S, Rasmuson T, Hainaut P, Riboli E, Ahrens W, Benhamou S, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Holcátová I, Merletti F, Kjaerheim K, Agudo A, Macfarlane G, Talamini R, Simonato L, Lowry R, Conway DI, Znaor A, Healy C, Zelenika D, Boland A, Delepine M, Foglio M, Lechner D, Matsuda F, Blanche H, Gut I, Heath S, Lathrop M, Brennan P (2008) A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25. Nature 452(7187):633–637 PMID: 18385738 Google Scholar
Ittiwut C, Listman JB, Mutirangura A, Malison R, Covault J, Kranzler HR, Sughondhabirom A, Thavichachart N, Gelernter J (2008) Inter-population linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns of GABRA2 and GABRG1 genes at the GABA cluster locus on human chromosome 4. Genomics 91(1):61–69 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Joslyn G, Brush G, Robertson M, Smith Kalmijn J, Schuckit M, White RL (2008) Chromosome 15q25.1 genetic markers associated with level of response to alcohol in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:20368–20373 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kaufman J, Yang B-Z, Douglas-Palumberi H, Crouse-Artis M, Lipschitz D, Krystal JH, Gelernter J (2007) Genetic and environmental predictors of early alcohol use. Biol Psychiatry 61(11):1228–1234 Google Scholar
Kendler KS, Heath AC, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Eaves LJ (1992) A population-based twin study of alcoholism in women. JAMA 268:1877–1882 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kendler KS, Prescott CA, Neale MC, Pedersen NL (1997) Temperance board registration for alcohol abuse in a national sample of Swedish male twins, born 1902 to 1949. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:178–184 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kim SG, Kim CM, Choi SW, Jae YM, Lee HG, Son BK, Kim JG, Choi YS, Kim HO, Kim SY, Oslin DW (2009) A mu opioid receptor gene polymorphism (A118G) and naltrexone treatment response in adherent Korean alcohol-dependent patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 201(4):611–618 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Konishi T, Smith JL, Lin KM, Wan YJ (2003) Influence of genetic admixture on polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes: analyses of mutations on the CYP2E1, ADH2, ADH3 and ALDH2 genes in a Mexican-American population living in the Los Angeles area. Alcohol Alcohol 38:93–94 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Krystal JH, Cramer JA, Krol WF, Kirk GF, Rosenheck RA (2001) Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. N Engl J Med 345:1734–1739 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lappalainen J, Krupitsky E, Remizov M, Pchelina S, Taraskina A, Zvartau E, Somberg LK, Covault J, Kranzler HR, Krystal J, Gelernter J (2005) Association between alcoholism and GABRA2 in a Russian population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:493–498 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Laucht M, Treutlein J, Schmid B, Blomeyer D, Becker K, Buchmann AF, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Rietschel M, Zimmermann US, Banaschewski T (2009) Impact of psychosocial adversity on alcohol intake in young adults: moderation by the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter polymorphism. Biol Psychiatry [Epub ahead of print]
Long JC, Knowler WC, Hanson RL, Robin RW, Urbanek M, Moore E, Bennett PH, Goldman D (1998) Evidence for genetic linkage to alcohol dependence on chromosomes 4 and 11 from an autosome-wide scan in an American Indian population. Am J Med Genet 81:216–221 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Luczak SE, Glatt SJ, Wall TL (2006) Meta-analysis of ALDH2 and ADH1B with alcohol dependence in Asians. Psychol Bull 132:607–621 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zhao H, Gelernter J (2003) Haplotypes at the OPRM1 locus are associated with susceptibility to substance dependence in European Americans. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 120B:97–108 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zuo L, Yang BZ, Lappalainen J, Gelernter J (2005a) ADH4 gene variation is associated with alcohol and drug dependence in European Americans: results from family-controlled and population-structured association studies. Pharmacogenet Genomics 15:755–768 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zuo L, Lappalainen J, Yang BZ, Gelernter J (2005b) ADH4 gene variation is associated with alcohol and drug dependence in European Americans: results from HWD tests and case-control association studies. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:1085–1095 Article Google Scholar
Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zuo L, Blumburg H, Wang S, Gelernter J (2005c) CHRM2 gene predisposes to alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and affective disorders: results from an extended case–control structured association study. Hum Mol Genet 14:2421–2434 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Luo X, Kranzler HR, Zuo L, Wang S, Schork NJ, Gelernter J (2006) Diplotype trend regression analysis of the ADH gene cluster and the ALDH2 gene: multiple significant associations with alcohol dependence. Am J Hum Genet 78:973–987 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Martin NG, Heath AC (2000) Smoking and the genetic contribution to alcohol-dependence risk. Alcohol Res Health 24:209–214 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Matthews AG, Hoffman EK, Zezza N, Stiffler S, Hill SY (2007) The role of the GABRA2 polymorphism in multiplex alcohol dependence families with minimal comorbidity: within-family association and linkage analyses. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 68(5):625–633 PubMed Google Scholar
Mitchell JM, Fields HL, White RL, Meadoff TM, Joslyn G, Rowbotham MC (2007) The Asp40 mu-opioid receptor allele does not predict naltrexone treatment efficacy in heavy drinkers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27:112–115 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Neville MJ, Johnstone EC, Walton RT (2004) Identification and characterization of ANKK1: a novel kinase gene closely linked to DRD2 on chromosome band 11q23.1. Hum Mutat 23:540–545 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nilsson KW, Sjoberg RL, Damberg M, Alm PO, Ohrvik J, Leppert J, Lindstrom L, Oreland L (2005) Role of the serotonin transporter gene and family function in adolescent alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:564–570 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Oslin DW, Berrettini W, Kranzler HR, Pettinati H, Gelernter J, Volpicelli JR, O’Brien CP (2003) A functional polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor gene is associated with response to naltrexone treatment in alcohol-dependent patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1546–1552 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Pierucci-Lagha A, Covault J, Feinn R, Nellissery M, Hernandez-Avila C, Oncken C, Morrow AL, Kranzler HR (2005) GABRA2 alleles moderate the subjective effects of alcohol, which are attenuated by finasteride. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:1193–1203 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Porjesz B, Almasy L, Edenberg HJ, Wang K, Chorlian DB, Foroud T, Goate A, Rice JP, O’Connor SJ, Rohrbaugh J, Kuperman S, Bauer LO, Crowe RR, Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock V, Conneally PM, Tischfield JA, Li TK, Reich T, Begleiter H (2002) Linkage disequilibrium between the beta frequency of the human EEG and a GABAA receptor gene locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:3729–3733 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Prescott CA, Kendler KS (1999) Genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of male twins. Am J Psychiatry 156:34–40 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Prescott CA, Sullivan PF, Kuo PH, Webb BT, Vittum J, Patterson DG, Thiselton DL, Myers JM, Devitt M, Halberstadt LJ, Robinson VP, Neale MC, van den Oord EJ, Walsh D, Riley BP, Kendler KS (2006) Genomewide linkage study in the Irish affected sib pair study of alcohol dependence: evidence for a susceptibility region for symptoms of alcohol dependence on chromosome 4. Mol Psychiatry 11:603–611 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ray LA, Hutchison KE (2007) Effects of naltrexone on alcohol sensitivity and genetic moderators of medication response: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64(9):1069–1077 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Reich T, Edenberg HJ, Goate A, Williams JT, Rice JP, Van Eerdewegh P, Foroud T, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit MA, Bucholz K, Porjesz B, Li T-K, Conneally PM, Nurnberger JI Jr, Tischfield JA, Crowe RR, Cloninger CR, Wu W, Shears S, Carr K, Crose C, Willig C, Begleiter H (1998) Genome-wide search for genes affecting the risk for alcohol dependence. Am J Med Genet 81(3):207–215 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Schlaepfer I, Hoft NR, Collins AC, Corley RP, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Lessem J, McQueen MB, Rhee SH, Ehringer MA (2008) The CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster variability as an important determinant of alcohol and tobacco initiation in young adults. Biol Psychiatry 63(11):1039–1046 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Schuckit MA (2009) An overview of genetic influences in alcoholism. J Subst Abuse Treat 36:S5–S14 PubMed Google Scholar
Soyka M, Preuss UW, Hesselbrock V, Zill P, Koller G, Bondy B (2008) GABA-A2 receptor subunit gene (GABRA2) polymorphisms and risk for alcohol dependence. J Psychiatr Res 42(3):184–191 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Swan GE, Carmelli D, Cardon LR (1997) Heavy consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and coffee in male twins. J Stud Alcohol 58:182–190 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Thomasson HR, Edenberg HJ, Crabb DW, Mai XL, Jerome RE, Li TK, Wang SP, Lin YT, Lu RB, Yin SJ (1991) Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism in Chinese men. Am J Hum Genet 48:677–681 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Thorgeirsson TE, Geller F, Sulem P, Rafnar T, Wiste A, Magnusson KP, Manolescu A, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson H, Ingason A, Stacey SN, Bergthorsson JT, Thorlacius S, Gudmundsson J, Jonsson T, Jakobsdottir M, Saemundsdottir J, Olafsdottir O, Gudmundsson LJ, Bjornsdottir G, Kristjansson K, Skuladottir H, Isaksson HJ, Gudbjartsson T, Jones GT, Mueller T, Gottsäter A, Flex A, Aben KK, de Vegt F, Mulders PF, Isla D, Vidal MJ, Asin L, Saez B, Murillo L, Blondal T, Kolbeinsson H, Stefansson JG, Hansdottir I, Runarsdottir V, Pola R, Lindblad B, van Rij AM, Dieplinger B, Haltmayer M, Mayordomo JI, Kiemeney LA, Matthiasson SE, Oskarsson H, Tyrfingsson T, Gudbjartsson DF, Gulcher JR, Jonsson S, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kong A, Stefansson KA (2008) A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease. Nature 452(7187):638–642 Google Scholar
Tidey JW, Monti PM, Rohsenow DJ, Gwaltney CJ, Miranda R Jr, McGeary JE, MacKillop J, Swift RM, Abrams DB, Shiffman S, Paty JA (2008) Moderators of naltrexone’s effects on drinking, urge, and alcohol effects in non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers in the natural environment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(1):58–66 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Treutlein J, Kissling C, Frank J, Wiemann S, Dong L, Depner M, Saam C, Lascorz J, Soyka M, Preuss UW, Rujescu D, Skowronek MH, Rietschel M, Spanagel R, Heinz A, Laucht M, Mann K, Schumann G (2006) Genetic association of the human corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) with binge drinking and alcohol intake patterns in two independent samples. Mol Psychiatry 11(6):594–602 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
True WR, Xian H, Scherrer JF, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Heath AC, Eisen SA, Lyons MJ, Goldberg J, Tsuang M (1999) Common genetic vulnerability for nicotine and alcohol dependence in men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:655–661 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang JC, Hinrichs AL, Stock H, Budde J, Allen R, Bertelsen S, Kwon JM, Wu W, Dick DM, Rice J, Jones K, Nurnberger JI Jr, Tischfield J, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock V, Crowe R, Schuckit M, Begleiter H, Reich T, Goate AM, Bierut LJ (2004) Evidence of common and specific genetic effects: association of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene with alcohol dependence and major depressive syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 13:1903–1911 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang JC, Grucza R, Cruchaga C, Hinrichs AL, Bertelsen S, Budde JP, Fox L, Goldstein E, Reyes O, Saccone N, Saccone S, Xuei X, Bucholz K, Kuperman S, Nurnberger J Jr, Rice JP, Schuckit M, Tischfield J, Hesselbrock V, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Bierut LJ, Goate AM (2008) Genetic variation in the CHRNA5 gene affects mRNA levels and is associated with risk for alcohol dependence. Mol Psychiatry 14:501–510 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Wilhelmsen KC, Schuckit M, Smith TL, Lee JV, Segall SK, Feiler HS, Kalmijn J (2003) The search for genes related to a low-level response to alcohol determined by alcohol challenges. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27(7):1041–1047 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yang B, Kranzler HR, Zhao H, Gruen JR, Luo X, Gelernter J (2007) Association of haplotypic variants in DRD2, ANKK1, TTC12 and NCAM1 to alcohol dependence in independent case-control and family samples. Hum Mol Genet 16:2844–2853 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zhang H, Luo X, Kranzler HR, Lappalainen J, Yang BZ, Krupitsky E, Zvartau E, Gelernter J (2006) Association between two μ opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) haplotype blocks and drug or alcohol dependence. Hum Mol Genet 15:807–819 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar