Recent advances in the management of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (original) (raw)

• Kidwell CS, Chalela JA, Saver JL, et al.: Comparison of MRI and CT for detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA 2004, 292:1823–1830. This study shows that MRI is as accurate as CT scanning in detection of acute ICH and is more sensitive than CT scanning for detecting chronic microhemorrhages.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Fiebach JB, Schellinger PD, Gass A, et al.: Stroke magnetic resonance imaging is accurate in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage: a multicenter study on the validity of stroke imaging. Stroke 2004, 35:502–506.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Singer OC, Sitzer M, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Neumann-Haefelin T: Practical limitations of acute stroke MRI due to patient-related problems. Neurology 2004, 62:1848–1849. This study showed that performing MRI scans on critically ill stroke patients, especially those with acute ICH, poses serious logistical challenges to the treating team.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Matsumoto K, Sakaki S, Abekura M, Yoshimine T: Co-existence of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir 2004, 146:1085–1089; discussion 1089.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Brott T, Broderick J, Kothari R, et al.: Early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1997, 28:1–5.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hemphill JC 3rd, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, et al.: The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage [see comment]. Stroke 2001, 32:891–897.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Kazui S, Naritomi H, Yamamoto H, et al.: Enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Incidence and time course. Stroke 1996, 27:1783–1787.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Ohwaki K, Yano E, Nagashima H, et al.: Blood pressure management in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: relationship between elevated blood pressure and hematoma enlargement. Stroke 2004, 35:1364–1367.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Mayer SA: Ultra-early hemostatic therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2003, 34:224–229.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, et al.: Recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:777–785. The first trial to show a significant benefit of any medical therapy in acute intracerebral hemorrhage, this trial demonstrated that recombinant activated factor VIIa decreases early hematoma expansion and dramatically improves outcome in this form of stroke.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lee KR, Colon GP, Betz AL, et al.: Edema from intracerebral hemorrhage: the role of thrombin. J Neurosurg 1996, 84:91–96.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lee KR, Kawai N, Kim S, et al.: Mechanisms of edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage: effects of thrombin on cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier permeability, and cell survival in a rat model. J Neurosurg 1997, 86:272–278.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Fernandes HM, Gregson B, Siddique S, Mendelow AD: Surgery in intracerebral hemorrhage. The uncertainty continues. Stroke 2000, 31:2511–2516.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Auer LM, Deinsberger W, Niederkorn K, et al.: Endoscopic surgery versus medical treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hematoma: a randomized study. J Neurosurg 1989, 70:530–535.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, et al.: Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet 2005, 365:387–397. This large, well-designed trial failed to show that a policy of early surgery in patients with acute ICH in whom surgeons were "unsure" about the need for surgery was of any benefit for patients. Before surgery can be recommended for such patients, refinements in timing and technique are clearly required.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Berge E, Barer D: Could stroke trials be missing important treatment effects? Cerebrovas Dis 2002, 13:73–75.
  Article Google Scholar
• Broderick JP, Brott TG, Grotta JC: Intracerebral hemorrhage volume measurement. Stroke 1994, 25:1081.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Morgenstern LB, Demchuk AM, Kim DH, et al.: Rebleeding leads to poor outcome in ultra-early craniotomy for intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2001, 56:1294–1299.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Tuhrim S, Dambrosia JM, Price TR, et al.: Intracerebral hemorrhage: external validation and extension of a model for prediction of 30-day survival. Ann Neurol 1991, 29:658–663.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Young WB, Lee KP, Pessin MS, et al.: Prognostic significance of ventricular blood in supratentorial hemorrhage: a volumetric study. Neurology 1990, 40:616–619.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Adams RE, Diringer MN: Response to external ventricular drainage in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with hydrocephalus. Neurology 1998, 50:519–523.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Tuhrim S, Horowitz DR, Sacher M, Godbold JH: Validation and comparison of models predicting survival following intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 1995, 23:950–954.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Steinke W, Sacco RL, Mohr JP, et al.: Thalamic stroke. Presentation and prognosis of infarcts and hemorrhages. Arch Neurol 1992, 49:703–710.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Tuhrim S, Horowitz DR, Sacher M, Godbold JH: Volume of ventricular blood is an important determinant of outcome in supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 1999, 27:617–621.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Schultz M, Moore K, Foote AW: Bacterial ventriculitis and duration of ventriculostomy catheter insertion. J Neurosci Nursing 1993, 25:158–164.
  CAS Google Scholar
• Naff NJ, Williams MA, Rigamonti D, et al.: Blood clot resolution in human cerebrospinal fluid: evidence of first-order kinetics. Neurosurgery 2001, 49:614–619; discussion 619–621.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Naff NJ, Hanley DF, Keyl PM, et al.: Intraventricular thrombolysis speeds blood clot resolution: results of a pilot, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Neurosurgery 2004, 54:577–583; discussion 583–584. This trial pioneered the use of intraventricular thrombolytic agents for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage, a treatment that is undergoing intensive further investigation.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Hanley DF: Low Dose rt-PA enhances clot resolution in brain hemorrhage. Paper presented at International Stroke Conference. San Diego, CA, February 2004.