Amina Khatun | Manarat International University (original) (raw)

Papers by Amina Khatun

Viscum orientale Willd. (Loranthaceae) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat pain, ... more Viscum orientale Willd. (Loranthaceae) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat pain, neuropharmacological disorders and various forms of tumor but not yet been reported. The aim of this study is to rationalize the traditional medicinal use of this plant by evaluating the methanol extract of V. orientale leaves (MEVOL) for anti-nociceptive, CNS depressant and antioxidant activities and to quantify the bioactive polyphenols present in this plant. Five polyphenolic compounds namely gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin (17.54, 8.99, 99.61, 4523.31 and 100.15 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively) have been identified in MEVOL using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. Qualitative antioxidant activity determined by Thin Layer Chromatography indicated the presence of antioxidants. In quantitative antioxidant test using 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl, MEVOL exhibited strong free antioxidant activity in a dose dependant manner (IC50= 6.63 µg/ml) compared with ascorbic acid (IC50= 1.91 µg/ml) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (IC50= 2.27 µg/ml) controls. Total phenolic content determined using Folin Ciocaltu reagent was found to be 73.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, while flavonoid content estimated using aluminium chloride colorimetric method was 170.7 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract. Anti-nociceptive activity of MEVOL measured using acetic acid and formalin induced pain models in mice was significant (p<0.001). MEVOL showed 65.6 and 88.8% writhing inhibition at 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively comparing with standard diclofenac-Na (75.2% inhibition) at 25 mg/kg body weight in acetic acid induced pain model. In formalin induced pain model, paw licking was inhibited 45.93 and 56.4% in early phase and 55.66 and 72.64% in late phase at 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively, while diclofenac-Na inhibited 60.47 and 61.32% in early and late phase at 10 mg/kg body weight respectively. In neuropharmacological activity test, overall behavioral test significantly reinforced CNS depressant activity. Spontaneous motor activities were reduced (p<0.05) in both hole cross and open field tests compared with diazepam. Antioxidant activity of MEVOL is likely due to the phenolic and flavonoid compounds present within the leaf tissues. This study reveals significant in-vivo anti-nociceptive and CNS depressant activities which justifies traditional medicinal applications of V. orientale.

The ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Vitis trifolia Linn. (Family-Vitaceae) was subjected t... more The ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Vitis trifolia Linn. (Family-Vitaceae) was subjected to preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity screqnings. Primary phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of some major chemical groups in the plant extractive. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and moderate free radical scavenging activity was found (ICsg 436.516 Vg/ml). In case of antimicrobial screening, it showed moderate inhibition against bacterial growth. In addition, the extract also showed significant lethality to Artemia salina with a LCso value of 2.80 wg/mL

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr (Anacardiaceae), a Bangladeshi medicinal plant, has long been ... more Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr (Anacardiaceae), a Bangladeshi medicinal plant, has long been used in indigenous medicine. The plant is reported to be used in the traditional medicine for all local swelling, pain and inflammation and in the treatment of tumour, ulcers, cancer, sprains, bruises, skin diseases, and dysentery. Both the leaves and the stem bark have painkilling and astringent property and so, mixed with toothpowder for use in toothache. The leaves are copped as fodder and fed the livestock in inflammatory and digestive problems. In this study, ethanol extracts of the leaves and stem bark of this traditionally valuable medicinal plant were screened for analgesic activity on acetic acid induced Swiss-albino mice-Mus musculus in vivo for the first time as well as studied for some important phytochemical groups. The dried extracts were dissolved in 99.8% ethanol and qualitatively analysed for bioactive chemical groups-alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, gums, reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins using standard chromogenic reagents. The colour intensity or the precipitate formation was used as analytical responses to these tests. Both the extracts were found to contain steroidal compounds, tannins, gums, reducing sugars, alkaloids as well as flavonoids as their major bioactive phytochemical groups. In analgesic activity test, the bark extract produced 92.92 % writhing inhibition and the leaf extract produced 95.14% writhing inhibition at the dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight compared to the standard diclofenac Na that inhibit 78.54% writhing inhibition at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the ethanol extract of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr leaves and bark possess significant analgesic activity and mood of action might involve a peripheral mechanism. The results rationalize its use in folkloric remedies especially against pain and inflammation.

Pharmacologyonline

The ethanol extract of Olea europaea of the family Oleaceae has been evaluated for the presence o... more The ethanol extract of Olea europaea of the family Oleaceae has been evaluated for the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites by using standard chromogenic reagent and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality. The ethanol extract of the plant indicated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and tannins. The plant extract exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the plant extracts showed LC50 of 263.4 and 13.09 µg/ml after 18 and 24 hours respectively. For the standard carboplatin LC50 were found 70.21 and 0.45 µg/ml and µg/ml respectively after 18 hours and 24hours.

The ethanol extract of Macaranga indica Wight Ic, the tralatitiously used medicative plant belong... more The ethanol extract of Macaranga indica Wight Ic, the tralatitiously used medicative plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae has been investigated for the presence of its secondary metabolites and evaluation of biological activities of the crude extractive for the brine shrimp lethality bioassay and antioxidant activity for the first time. In chemical group tests, the result showed that the ethanol extract of Macaranga indica contains tannin, flavonoid, saponin, gum, steroid and alkaloid groups. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay after 18 hrs, the LC 50 of crude extract and standard vincristine sulphate were 95.17 and 95.15 µg/ml respectively, after 24hrs, the values were 21.71 and 2.75 µg/ml respectively. In free radical scavenging assay, IC 50 value of ethanol extract was 0.79 µg/ml in comparison to the standard trolox 0.40 µg/ml. From the study, it was evident that, the ethanol extract of M. indica showed moderate cytotoxicity and very strong antioxidant activity.

Pharmacologyonline

Ethanol extracts of the traditionally valuable plant Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Family – Oleaceae)... more Ethanol extracts of the traditionally valuable plant Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Family – Oleaceae) and Ficus religiosa L. (Family – Moraceae) were screened for cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity as well as for some important phytochemical groups. The dried extracts of J. grandiflorum and F. religiosa were dissolved in 99.8% ethanol and qualitatively analysed for alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, gums, reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Cytotoxic potential of dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the extracts were measured by using in vivo brine shrimp lethality assay. LC50 and LC90 values were determined graphically by plotting mortality against concentrations. Agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial sensitivity of the extracts against selected 14 pathogenic bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth macro dilution assay. The percent mortality of shrimp was increased with the increase of the doses of the extracts. LC50 and ...

Pharmacologyonline

Abstract The objective of the present study was to explore the bioactivities (antidiarrheal, cyto... more Abstract The objective of the present study was to explore the bioactivities (antidiarrheal, cytotoxic and antibacterial) of the ethanol extract of Xanthium indicum (Compositae) leaf. Different phytochemical tests were carried out for the detection of different chemical groups present in the ethanol leaf extract of Xanthium indicum. By the preliminary phytochemical tests, reducing sugar, alkaloid, tannin, gum, glycoside and flavonoid were found. In vivo antidiarrhoeal activity was investigated on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and disc diffusion method was carried out for the cytotoxic and antibacterial activity test respectively. The crude leaf extract showed mild antidiarrhoeal effect at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight compared to the standard drug Loperamide (50 mg/kg). The extract revealed strong cytotoxic effect having LC50 of 20 μg/ml and LC90 of 80 μg/ml and appeared very potent in term of zone of inhibition against Staphylococ...

Pharmacologyonline

Abstract The methanol extract of Cestrum diurnum L. belonging to the family Solanaceae has been i... more Abstract The methanol extract of Cestrum diurnum L. belonging to the family Solanaceae has been investigated for the presence of its secondary metabolites and evaluation of biological activities of the crude extractive for the brine shrimp lethality bioassay and thrombolytic activity. The methanol extract of the plant indicated the presence of alkaloids, steroids and tannin. The plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the plant extracts showed LC50of 0.074 µg/ml and LC90 of 4.85µg/ml after 2 hrs and later the all shrimp died after 4hrs at the same concentration. For the standard chloramphenicol LC50 and LC90 were found 2.56µg/ml and 4.82µg/ml respectively after 2hrs. After 4hrs LC50 and LC90 were found 1.772µg/ml and 4.364µg/ml respectively. The percentages of clot lyses were found 8.783% for test sample, 2.44% for blank and 80.43% for standard streptokinase in thrombolytic assay.

Background: Nature is the source of 87% drug used to treat all categorized human diseases and abo... more Background: Nature is the source of 87% drug used to treat all categorized human diseases and about 80% people in developing countries rely on traditional plant based medicines for their primary health care. Over 3000 species of plants have been reported for their medicinal properties. Focus on natural products is increasing day by day as it serves as an enormous source of new drugs. Various methods are employed to evaluate the potential beneficial therapeutic effects of Traditional drugs.

Methods: Traditional drugs are claimed to have several specific pharmacological actions namely analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, antifertility, antifungal, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antipyretic, antirheumatic, antithrombotic or thrombolytic, antiulcerogenic, aphrodisiac, bronchorelaxant. diuretic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, insecticidal, laxative, neuropharmacological and oxytocic activities. In this study, the methods to bio-evaluate these activities are discussed with adequate explanations, illustrations and justifications.

Conclusion: The traditional drugs that meet the assay methods for their bio-evaluation could be considered to be potent and effective drug.

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2014

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Institute of Korean... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

The methanol extract of leaves of traditionally used medicinal plant Murraya exotica Linn. (Famil... more The methanol extract of leaves of traditionally used medicinal plant Murraya exotica Linn. (Family: Rutaceae) was evaluated for possible cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antioxidant activities in this study. The extract was tested for phytochemical group test by standard method using chromogenic reagents, in vivo brine shrimp lethality assay using Artemia salina, thrombolytic effect by using the standard streptokinase and antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). The study revealed the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. The extract showed statistically significant (p<0.01) potent cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp lethality bioassay where the value of LC 50 and LC 90 were 1.27 μg/ml and 5.09 μg/ml respectively compared with the standard vincristine sulphate with the value of LC 50 and LC 90 0.09 μg/ml and 4.83 μg/ml respectively after 24 h. The study gave a significant indication to the use of the plant extract as a potential source for cytotoxic compounds. The extract showed mild thrombolytic effect of 15.78 % thrombolytic activity whereas the standard streptokinase showed 76.50±0.82 %. In the antioxidant activity study, the extract showed free radical scavenging activity where IC 50 = 1.25 μg/ml and IC 90 = 4.4 μg/ml, compared with the standard ascorbic acid showing IC 50 =0.01 μg/ml and IC 90 =3.58 μg/ml. Based on the findings of phytochemical, toxicological and anti-oxidative activity, it is evident that the plant may contain some novel compounds that possess potent anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidative activities. The obtained results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

Cnicus arvensis is used by many ethnic groups for inflammation, pain, and other ailments. In this... more Cnicus arvensis is used by many ethnic groups for inflammation, pain, and other ailments. In this study, reducing sugar, carbohydrate, alkaloid, steroid, tannin, flavonoid, and saponin groups were identified using standard chromogenic method. In high-performance liquid chromatography, vanillic acid and epicatechin were identified in the extract. Antinociceptive test by acetic acid induced writhing inhibition resulted 43.17 and 95.08% inhibition for 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, comparing with standard diclofenac Na with 74.86% inhibition for 25 mg/kg body weight. In formalin induced paw licking test for antinociceptive activity, the extract inhibited 69.87 and 75.55% licking for 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight comparing with the inhibition (68.56%) of diclofenac Na for 10 mg/kg body weight at first phase. At late phase, the extract showed 73.12 and 87.46% licking comparing with licking inhibition (71.69%) by diclofenac Na at the same dose. In open field test for CNS depressant activity, the extract showed depression of locomotor activity for 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight comparing with diazepam for 10 mg/kg body weight. All results were statistically significant . The identified polyphenols are reputed for antinociceptive and CNS depressant activity. The present findings support the use of this plant in pain.

Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anti... more Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anti-cancer drugs both from natural and synthetic sources is the demand of time. In this study, fourteen extracts of different parts of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants which have been traditionally used for the treatment of different types of carcinoma, tumor, leprosy and diseases associated with cancer were evaluated for their cytotoxicity for the first time.
Extraction was conceded using methanol. Phytochemical groups like reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, steroids, gums, flavonoids and alkaloids were tested using standard chromogenic reagents. Plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using Artemia salina comparing with standard anti-cancer drug vincristine sulphate.
All the extracts showed potent to moderate cytotoxicity ranging from LC50 2 to 115 µg/ml. Highest toxicity was shown by Hygrophila spinosa seeds (LC50 = 2.93µg/ml) and lowest by Litsea glutinosa leaves (LC50 = 114.71 µg/ml) in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 = 2.04 µg/ml). Among the plants, the plants traditionally used in different cancer and microbial treatment showed highest cytotoxicity.
The results support their ethnomedicinal uses and require advanced investigation to elucidate responsible compounds as well as their mode of action.

Pharmacology Online, 2014

The objective of this study was to explore the in vivo (antidiarrheal and cytotoxic) and in vitro... more The objective of this study was to explore the in vivo (antidiarrheal and cytotoxic) and in vitro (antibacterial) pharmacological activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Xanthium indicum. In vivo antidiarrhoeal activity was investigated on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and disc diffusion method was carried out for the in vivo cytotoxic and in vitro antibacterial activity test respectively. By the preliminary phytochemical test reducing sugar, alkaloid, tannin, gum, glycoside and flavonoid were found from the ethanol leaf extract of Xanthium indicum. The crude leaf extract showed mild antidiarrhoeal effect at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight compared to the standard drug Loperamide (50 mg/kg body weight). The extract revealed strong cytotoxic effect having LC50 of 20 µg/ml and LC90 of 80µg/ml and appeared very potent in term of zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (20 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (20 mm) compared to standard antibiotic Kanamycin 30 µg/disc which was Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (20 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (29 mm). All these findings established the pharmacological value of the leaf of Xanthium indicum and justified its traditional use.

Viscum orientale Willd. (Loranthaceae) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat pain, ... more Viscum orientale Willd. (Loranthaceae) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat pain, neuropharmacological disorders and various forms of tumor but not yet been reported. The aim of this study is to rationalize the traditional medicinal use of this plant by evaluating the methanol extract of V. orientale leaves (MEVOL) for anti-nociceptive, CNS depressant and antioxidant activities and to quantify the bioactive polyphenols present in this plant. Five polyphenolic compounds namely gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin (17.54, 8.99, 99.61, 4523.31 and 100.15 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively) have been identified in MEVOL using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. Qualitative antioxidant activity determined by Thin Layer Chromatography indicated the presence of antioxidants. In quantitative antioxidant test using 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl, MEVOL exhibited strong free antioxidant activity in a dose dependant manner (IC50= 6.63 µg/ml) compared with ascorbic acid (IC50= 1.91 µg/ml) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (IC50= 2.27 µg/ml) controls. Total phenolic content determined using Folin Ciocaltu reagent was found to be 73.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, while flavonoid content estimated using aluminium chloride colorimetric method was 170.7 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract. Anti-nociceptive activity of MEVOL measured using acetic acid and formalin induced pain models in mice was significant (p<0.001). MEVOL showed 65.6 and 88.8% writhing inhibition at 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively comparing with standard diclofenac-Na (75.2% inhibition) at 25 mg/kg body weight in acetic acid induced pain model. In formalin induced pain model, paw licking was inhibited 45.93 and 56.4% in early phase and 55.66 and 72.64% in late phase at 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively, while diclofenac-Na inhibited 60.47 and 61.32% in early and late phase at 10 mg/kg body weight respectively. In neuropharmacological activity test, overall behavioral test significantly reinforced CNS depressant activity. Spontaneous motor activities were reduced (p<0.05) in both hole cross and open field tests compared with diazepam. Antioxidant activity of MEVOL is likely due to the phenolic and flavonoid compounds present within the leaf tissues. This study reveals significant in-vivo anti-nociceptive and CNS depressant activities which justifies traditional medicinal applications of V. orientale.

The ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Vitis trifolia Linn. (Family-Vitaceae) was subjected t... more The ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Vitis trifolia Linn. (Family-Vitaceae) was subjected to preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity screqnings. Primary phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of some major chemical groups in the plant extractive. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and moderate free radical scavenging activity was found (ICsg 436.516 Vg/ml). In case of antimicrobial screening, it showed moderate inhibition against bacterial growth. In addition, the extract also showed significant lethality to Artemia salina with a LCso value of 2.80 wg/mL

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr (Anacardiaceae), a Bangladeshi medicinal plant, has long been ... more Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr (Anacardiaceae), a Bangladeshi medicinal plant, has long been used in indigenous medicine. The plant is reported to be used in the traditional medicine for all local swelling, pain and inflammation and in the treatment of tumour, ulcers, cancer, sprains, bruises, skin diseases, and dysentery. Both the leaves and the stem bark have painkilling and astringent property and so, mixed with toothpowder for use in toothache. The leaves are copped as fodder and fed the livestock in inflammatory and digestive problems. In this study, ethanol extracts of the leaves and stem bark of this traditionally valuable medicinal plant were screened for analgesic activity on acetic acid induced Swiss-albino mice-Mus musculus in vivo for the first time as well as studied for some important phytochemical groups. The dried extracts were dissolved in 99.8% ethanol and qualitatively analysed for bioactive chemical groups-alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, gums, reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins using standard chromogenic reagents. The colour intensity or the precipitate formation was used as analytical responses to these tests. Both the extracts were found to contain steroidal compounds, tannins, gums, reducing sugars, alkaloids as well as flavonoids as their major bioactive phytochemical groups. In analgesic activity test, the bark extract produced 92.92 % writhing inhibition and the leaf extract produced 95.14% writhing inhibition at the dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight compared to the standard diclofenac Na that inhibit 78.54% writhing inhibition at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the ethanol extract of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr leaves and bark possess significant analgesic activity and mood of action might involve a peripheral mechanism. The results rationalize its use in folkloric remedies especially against pain and inflammation.

Pharmacologyonline

The ethanol extract of Olea europaea of the family Oleaceae has been evaluated for the presence o... more The ethanol extract of Olea europaea of the family Oleaceae has been evaluated for the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites by using standard chromogenic reagent and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality. The ethanol extract of the plant indicated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and tannins. The plant extract exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the plant extracts showed LC50 of 263.4 and 13.09 µg/ml after 18 and 24 hours respectively. For the standard carboplatin LC50 were found 70.21 and 0.45 µg/ml and µg/ml respectively after 18 hours and 24hours.

The ethanol extract of Macaranga indica Wight Ic, the tralatitiously used medicative plant belong... more The ethanol extract of Macaranga indica Wight Ic, the tralatitiously used medicative plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae has been investigated for the presence of its secondary metabolites and evaluation of biological activities of the crude extractive for the brine shrimp lethality bioassay and antioxidant activity for the first time. In chemical group tests, the result showed that the ethanol extract of Macaranga indica contains tannin, flavonoid, saponin, gum, steroid and alkaloid groups. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay after 18 hrs, the LC 50 of crude extract and standard vincristine sulphate were 95.17 and 95.15 µg/ml respectively, after 24hrs, the values were 21.71 and 2.75 µg/ml respectively. In free radical scavenging assay, IC 50 value of ethanol extract was 0.79 µg/ml in comparison to the standard trolox 0.40 µg/ml. From the study, it was evident that, the ethanol extract of M. indica showed moderate cytotoxicity and very strong antioxidant activity.

Pharmacologyonline

Ethanol extracts of the traditionally valuable plant Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Family – Oleaceae)... more Ethanol extracts of the traditionally valuable plant Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Family – Oleaceae) and Ficus religiosa L. (Family – Moraceae) were screened for cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity as well as for some important phytochemical groups. The dried extracts of J. grandiflorum and F. religiosa were dissolved in 99.8% ethanol and qualitatively analysed for alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, gums, reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Cytotoxic potential of dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the extracts were measured by using in vivo brine shrimp lethality assay. LC50 and LC90 values were determined graphically by plotting mortality against concentrations. Agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial sensitivity of the extracts against selected 14 pathogenic bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth macro dilution assay. The percent mortality of shrimp was increased with the increase of the doses of the extracts. LC50 and ...

Pharmacologyonline

Abstract The objective of the present study was to explore the bioactivities (antidiarrheal, cyto... more Abstract The objective of the present study was to explore the bioactivities (antidiarrheal, cytotoxic and antibacterial) of the ethanol extract of Xanthium indicum (Compositae) leaf. Different phytochemical tests were carried out for the detection of different chemical groups present in the ethanol leaf extract of Xanthium indicum. By the preliminary phytochemical tests, reducing sugar, alkaloid, tannin, gum, glycoside and flavonoid were found. In vivo antidiarrhoeal activity was investigated on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and disc diffusion method was carried out for the cytotoxic and antibacterial activity test respectively. The crude leaf extract showed mild antidiarrhoeal effect at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight compared to the standard drug Loperamide (50 mg/kg). The extract revealed strong cytotoxic effect having LC50 of 20 μg/ml and LC90 of 80 μg/ml and appeared very potent in term of zone of inhibition against Staphylococ...

Pharmacologyonline

Abstract The methanol extract of Cestrum diurnum L. belonging to the family Solanaceae has been i... more Abstract The methanol extract of Cestrum diurnum L. belonging to the family Solanaceae has been investigated for the presence of its secondary metabolites and evaluation of biological activities of the crude extractive for the brine shrimp lethality bioassay and thrombolytic activity. The methanol extract of the plant indicated the presence of alkaloids, steroids and tannin. The plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the plant extracts showed LC50of 0.074 µg/ml and LC90 of 4.85µg/ml after 2 hrs and later the all shrimp died after 4hrs at the same concentration. For the standard chloramphenicol LC50 and LC90 were found 2.56µg/ml and 4.82µg/ml respectively after 2hrs. After 4hrs LC50 and LC90 were found 1.772µg/ml and 4.364µg/ml respectively. The percentages of clot lyses were found 8.783% for test sample, 2.44% for blank and 80.43% for standard streptokinase in thrombolytic assay.

Background: Nature is the source of 87% drug used to treat all categorized human diseases and abo... more Background: Nature is the source of 87% drug used to treat all categorized human diseases and about 80% people in developing countries rely on traditional plant based medicines for their primary health care. Over 3000 species of plants have been reported for their medicinal properties. Focus on natural products is increasing day by day as it serves as an enormous source of new drugs. Various methods are employed to evaluate the potential beneficial therapeutic effects of Traditional drugs.

Methods: Traditional drugs are claimed to have several specific pharmacological actions namely analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, antifertility, antifungal, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antipyretic, antirheumatic, antithrombotic or thrombolytic, antiulcerogenic, aphrodisiac, bronchorelaxant. diuretic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, insecticidal, laxative, neuropharmacological and oxytocic activities. In this study, the methods to bio-evaluate these activities are discussed with adequate explanations, illustrations and justifications.

Conclusion: The traditional drugs that meet the assay methods for their bio-evaluation could be considered to be potent and effective drug.

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2014

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Institute of Korean... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

The methanol extract of leaves of traditionally used medicinal plant Murraya exotica Linn. (Famil... more The methanol extract of leaves of traditionally used medicinal plant Murraya exotica Linn. (Family: Rutaceae) was evaluated for possible cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antioxidant activities in this study. The extract was tested for phytochemical group test by standard method using chromogenic reagents, in vivo brine shrimp lethality assay using Artemia salina, thrombolytic effect by using the standard streptokinase and antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). The study revealed the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. The extract showed statistically significant (p<0.01) potent cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp lethality bioassay where the value of LC 50 and LC 90 were 1.27 μg/ml and 5.09 μg/ml respectively compared with the standard vincristine sulphate with the value of LC 50 and LC 90 0.09 μg/ml and 4.83 μg/ml respectively after 24 h. The study gave a significant indication to the use of the plant extract as a potential source for cytotoxic compounds. The extract showed mild thrombolytic effect of 15.78 % thrombolytic activity whereas the standard streptokinase showed 76.50±0.82 %. In the antioxidant activity study, the extract showed free radical scavenging activity where IC 50 = 1.25 μg/ml and IC 90 = 4.4 μg/ml, compared with the standard ascorbic acid showing IC 50 =0.01 μg/ml and IC 90 =3.58 μg/ml. Based on the findings of phytochemical, toxicological and anti-oxidative activity, it is evident that the plant may contain some novel compounds that possess potent anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidative activities. The obtained results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

Cnicus arvensis is used by many ethnic groups for inflammation, pain, and other ailments. In this... more Cnicus arvensis is used by many ethnic groups for inflammation, pain, and other ailments. In this study, reducing sugar, carbohydrate, alkaloid, steroid, tannin, flavonoid, and saponin groups were identified using standard chromogenic method. In high-performance liquid chromatography, vanillic acid and epicatechin were identified in the extract. Antinociceptive test by acetic acid induced writhing inhibition resulted 43.17 and 95.08% inhibition for 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, comparing with standard diclofenac Na with 74.86% inhibition for 25 mg/kg body weight. In formalin induced paw licking test for antinociceptive activity, the extract inhibited 69.87 and 75.55% licking for 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight comparing with the inhibition (68.56%) of diclofenac Na for 10 mg/kg body weight at first phase. At late phase, the extract showed 73.12 and 87.46% licking comparing with licking inhibition (71.69%) by diclofenac Na at the same dose. In open field test for CNS depressant activity, the extract showed depression of locomotor activity for 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight comparing with diazepam for 10 mg/kg body weight. All results were statistically significant . The identified polyphenols are reputed for antinociceptive and CNS depressant activity. The present findings support the use of this plant in pain.

Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anti... more Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anti-cancer drugs both from natural and synthetic sources is the demand of time. In this study, fourteen extracts of different parts of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants which have been traditionally used for the treatment of different types of carcinoma, tumor, leprosy and diseases associated with cancer were evaluated for their cytotoxicity for the first time.
Extraction was conceded using methanol. Phytochemical groups like reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, steroids, gums, flavonoids and alkaloids were tested using standard chromogenic reagents. Plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using Artemia salina comparing with standard anti-cancer drug vincristine sulphate.
All the extracts showed potent to moderate cytotoxicity ranging from LC50 2 to 115 µg/ml. Highest toxicity was shown by Hygrophila spinosa seeds (LC50 = 2.93µg/ml) and lowest by Litsea glutinosa leaves (LC50 = 114.71 µg/ml) in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 = 2.04 µg/ml). Among the plants, the plants traditionally used in different cancer and microbial treatment showed highest cytotoxicity.
The results support their ethnomedicinal uses and require advanced investigation to elucidate responsible compounds as well as their mode of action.

Pharmacology Online, 2014

The objective of this study was to explore the in vivo (antidiarrheal and cytotoxic) and in vitro... more The objective of this study was to explore the in vivo (antidiarrheal and cytotoxic) and in vitro (antibacterial) pharmacological activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Xanthium indicum. In vivo antidiarrhoeal activity was investigated on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and disc diffusion method was carried out for the in vivo cytotoxic and in vitro antibacterial activity test respectively. By the preliminary phytochemical test reducing sugar, alkaloid, tannin, gum, glycoside and flavonoid were found from the ethanol leaf extract of Xanthium indicum. The crude leaf extract showed mild antidiarrhoeal effect at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight compared to the standard drug Loperamide (50 mg/kg body weight). The extract revealed strong cytotoxic effect having LC50 of 20 µg/ml and LC90 of 80µg/ml and appeared very potent in term of zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (20 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (20 mm) compared to standard antibiotic Kanamycin 30 µg/disc which was Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (20 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (29 mm). All these findings established the pharmacological value of the leaf of Xanthium indicum and justified its traditional use.