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Papers by Azlan Azizi Muhamad Nor
International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 2020
Grey leaf spot is one of the major coconut leaf diseases in nursery caused by a fungus Pestalotio... more Grey leaf spot is one of the major coconut leaf diseases in nursery caused by a fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. In this study, an approach by using local beneficial microorganism from Streptomyces spp. as a biological control agent were evaluated as in vitro and in vivo to control Pestalotiopsis sp. Double petri dishes assay was evaluated in vitro. While for in vivo, glasshouse trial was conducted. Coconut seedlings were inoculated with Pestalotiopsis sp. suspension and subsequently treated with Streptomyces spp. one month after pathogen inoculation. The study was carried out using complete randomized design with three replications. The result showed, S. fumigatiscleroticus have higher suppression towards Pestalotiopsis sp. colony compared to S. seoulensis with an average inhibition at 60.5% and 53.3% respectively. Glasshouse evaluation also recorded significant reduction of disease percentage on coconut seedling treated with both Streptomyces spp. S. fumigatiscleroticus was observed to have the highest control on grey leaf spot disease with 81.24% differences in disease percentage compared to the control. Therefore, these Streptomyces spp. have been determined as the potential and promising biological control agents to control grey leaf spot disease of coconut in the future.
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2019
Aims: Bacterial heart rot (BHR) disease caused by Erwinia Chrysanthemi or the new nomenclature Di... more Aims: Bacterial heart rot (BHR) disease caused by Erwinia Chrysanthemi or the new nomenclature Dickeya Zeae was identified as the lethal disease of pineapple and caused massive losses for the farmers due to non-satisfactory solutions. Thus, this study aims to understand the disease dissemination pattern and screen for tolerance pineapple variety prior to establishment of disease management strategies. Methodology and results: Dissemination of BHR disease was observed visually in 2 study plots consisting 200 plants in each plot. Single plant inoculation of the pathogen was done in each plot namely Plot A at the edge and Plot B at the middle. Disease incidence was recorded at weekly interval for 12 weeks. The pattern of disease spreading in both plots was then mapped based on the results. Separately, 8 commercial pineapple varieties (Maspine, N36, MD2, Morris, Sarawak, Kristal, Gandul and Josapine) were screened for their resistance towards BHR. The varieties screening study was carried out using complete randomized block design. Overall, disease incidence (DI) was observed lower in plot A compared to Plot B. Percentage of DI in Plot A increased continuously from week 1 to 12, but in plot B the DI was stagnant starting from week 3 onwards. This study revealed that there is highly significant difference in percentage of infection between varieties tested. Josapine and MD2 were the most infected varieties based on lesion on plant. Both were found susceptible to BHR. Besides that, Chrystal Honey, Maspine and Sarawak varieties were less infected and classified as moderately resistance compared to other varieties. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Inoculum source was recognized as determinant factor for dissemination of BHR. Aggregation pattern was observed, and disease spreading was severe when disease started from the edge of the plot compared to in the middle. These findings will help farmers to choose the varieties of interest and plan for disease control measure based on first observed disease symptom in their field. This study is also important to researchers and plant breeders for varietal improvement in the future.
International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 2018
Survey of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were conducted in nine selected oil palm nurseries i... more Survey of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were conducted in nine selected oil palm nurseries in Peninsular Malaysia. Studies covered four nurseries in Johor (Kluang, Bkt.Tongkat, Kahang and Ayer Hitam), three nurseries in Perak (Teluk Intan, Permatang Guntung and Kg. Bakar Arang) and two nurseries in Selangor (Sepang and Kuala Langat). The symptoms of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were recorded and characterized. In this study, the leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were found to be associated with three pathogens; they are Colletotrichum spp., Curvularia sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. The disease survey revealed that leaf spot disease was a major problem in oil palm seedlings with the highest incidence was 62.8% compared to anthracnose disease at 16.5%. For incidence of leaf spot disease, the highest were recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (90.3%) and Kluang, Johor (87.7%). The least incidences of leaf spot were recorded in three nurseries in Perak occurring between 50.0% to 55.0%. For anthracnose disease, the highest incidence was recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (45.0%) and the least were recorded in six nurseries which were located in Johor and Perak occurring between 8.0% to 14.0%. For assessment of disease severity (DS), the highest for leaf spot disease were recorded in Kluang (64.7%) and Kahang (59.2%), both in Johor. Besides, the least severity was recorded in Permatang Guntung, Perak with 19.2%. For DS of anthracnose disease, the highest were recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (9.1%) and Teluk Intan, Perak (6.5%) and the least DS were recorded in six nurseries which were located in Johor and Perak occurring between 1.0% to 2.5%. The study also found disease incidence of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were both highly significant with different age of oil palm seedlings. As the seedlings became older, incidence of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were reduced. For leaf spot disease, seedling <4 months old, the highest score percentage at 77.4% followed by 4-12 months old which was 72.8% and seedlings with age >12 month old were the lowest score of 49.0%. This was similar with disease incidence of anthracnose for <4 months old (21.5%), 4-12 months old (16.8%) and with the least incidence was observed in seedlings aged >12 months old at 14.8%. For interaction of seedling age with DS of leaf spot, study revealed that there were highly significant relationships with seedling ages. Seedling with age <4 months old were the most susceptible and severely affected (50.9%) followed by seedling Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2018). 5(1): 19-26 20 age 4-12 months old (39.8%) and the most resistance seedling age was the seedling >12 months old with only 18.4%. However, for anthracnose disease, there was no significant relationship between DS and seedlings ages.
Books by Azlan Azizi Muhamad Nor
Biology vol 1, Chapter 5 UPM Press, 2018
International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 2020
Grey leaf spot is one of the major coconut leaf diseases in nursery caused by a fungus Pestalotio... more Grey leaf spot is one of the major coconut leaf diseases in nursery caused by a fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. In this study, an approach by using local beneficial microorganism from Streptomyces spp. as a biological control agent were evaluated as in vitro and in vivo to control Pestalotiopsis sp. Double petri dishes assay was evaluated in vitro. While for in vivo, glasshouse trial was conducted. Coconut seedlings were inoculated with Pestalotiopsis sp. suspension and subsequently treated with Streptomyces spp. one month after pathogen inoculation. The study was carried out using complete randomized design with three replications. The result showed, S. fumigatiscleroticus have higher suppression towards Pestalotiopsis sp. colony compared to S. seoulensis with an average inhibition at 60.5% and 53.3% respectively. Glasshouse evaluation also recorded significant reduction of disease percentage on coconut seedling treated with both Streptomyces spp. S. fumigatiscleroticus was observed to have the highest control on grey leaf spot disease with 81.24% differences in disease percentage compared to the control. Therefore, these Streptomyces spp. have been determined as the potential and promising biological control agents to control grey leaf spot disease of coconut in the future.
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2019
Aims: Bacterial heart rot (BHR) disease caused by Erwinia Chrysanthemi or the new nomenclature Di... more Aims: Bacterial heart rot (BHR) disease caused by Erwinia Chrysanthemi or the new nomenclature Dickeya Zeae was identified as the lethal disease of pineapple and caused massive losses for the farmers due to non-satisfactory solutions. Thus, this study aims to understand the disease dissemination pattern and screen for tolerance pineapple variety prior to establishment of disease management strategies. Methodology and results: Dissemination of BHR disease was observed visually in 2 study plots consisting 200 plants in each plot. Single plant inoculation of the pathogen was done in each plot namely Plot A at the edge and Plot B at the middle. Disease incidence was recorded at weekly interval for 12 weeks. The pattern of disease spreading in both plots was then mapped based on the results. Separately, 8 commercial pineapple varieties (Maspine, N36, MD2, Morris, Sarawak, Kristal, Gandul and Josapine) were screened for their resistance towards BHR. The varieties screening study was carried out using complete randomized block design. Overall, disease incidence (DI) was observed lower in plot A compared to Plot B. Percentage of DI in Plot A increased continuously from week 1 to 12, but in plot B the DI was stagnant starting from week 3 onwards. This study revealed that there is highly significant difference in percentage of infection between varieties tested. Josapine and MD2 were the most infected varieties based on lesion on plant. Both were found susceptible to BHR. Besides that, Chrystal Honey, Maspine and Sarawak varieties were less infected and classified as moderately resistance compared to other varieties. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Inoculum source was recognized as determinant factor for dissemination of BHR. Aggregation pattern was observed, and disease spreading was severe when disease started from the edge of the plot compared to in the middle. These findings will help farmers to choose the varieties of interest and plan for disease control measure based on first observed disease symptom in their field. This study is also important to researchers and plant breeders for varietal improvement in the future.
International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 2018
Survey of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were conducted in nine selected oil palm nurseries i... more Survey of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were conducted in nine selected oil palm nurseries in Peninsular Malaysia. Studies covered four nurseries in Johor (Kluang, Bkt.Tongkat, Kahang and Ayer Hitam), three nurseries in Perak (Teluk Intan, Permatang Guntung and Kg. Bakar Arang) and two nurseries in Selangor (Sepang and Kuala Langat). The symptoms of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were recorded and characterized. In this study, the leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were found to be associated with three pathogens; they are Colletotrichum spp., Curvularia sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. The disease survey revealed that leaf spot disease was a major problem in oil palm seedlings with the highest incidence was 62.8% compared to anthracnose disease at 16.5%. For incidence of leaf spot disease, the highest were recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (90.3%) and Kluang, Johor (87.7%). The least incidences of leaf spot were recorded in three nurseries in Perak occurring between 50.0% to 55.0%. For anthracnose disease, the highest incidence was recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (45.0%) and the least were recorded in six nurseries which were located in Johor and Perak occurring between 8.0% to 14.0%. For assessment of disease severity (DS), the highest for leaf spot disease were recorded in Kluang (64.7%) and Kahang (59.2%), both in Johor. Besides, the least severity was recorded in Permatang Guntung, Perak with 19.2%. For DS of anthracnose disease, the highest were recorded in Kuala Langat, Selangor (9.1%) and Teluk Intan, Perak (6.5%) and the least DS were recorded in six nurseries which were located in Johor and Perak occurring between 1.0% to 2.5%. The study also found disease incidence of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were both highly significant with different age of oil palm seedlings. As the seedlings became older, incidence of leaf spot and anthracnose diseases were reduced. For leaf spot disease, seedling <4 months old, the highest score percentage at 77.4% followed by 4-12 months old which was 72.8% and seedlings with age >12 month old were the lowest score of 49.0%. This was similar with disease incidence of anthracnose for <4 months old (21.5%), 4-12 months old (16.8%) and with the least incidence was observed in seedlings aged >12 months old at 14.8%. For interaction of seedling age with DS of leaf spot, study revealed that there were highly significant relationships with seedling ages. Seedling with age <4 months old were the most susceptible and severely affected (50.9%) followed by seedling Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res. (2018). 5(1): 19-26 20 age 4-12 months old (39.8%) and the most resistance seedling age was the seedling >12 months old with only 18.4%. However, for anthracnose disease, there was no significant relationship between DS and seedlings ages.
Biology vol 1, Chapter 5 UPM Press, 2018