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A quantity displayed below the normal line of text (and generally in a smaller point size), as the "i" in a_i, is called a subscript. Subscripts are commonly used to indicate indices (a_(ij) is the entry in the ith row and jth column of a matrix A), partial differentiation (y_x is an abbreviation for partialy/partialx), and a host of other operations and notations in mathematics.


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Superscript

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Weisstein, Eric W. "Subscript." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Subscript.html

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