Rahnuma Ahmad | Medical College for Women & Hospital (original) (raw)

Papers by Rahnuma Ahmad

Research paper thumbnail of Trends of dental stem cells research—A bibliometric analysis and visualization

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Among the diverse sources of stem cells that hold immense regenerative potential, dental stem cel... more Among the diverse sources of stem cells that hold immense regenerative potential, dental stem cells (DSCs) have gained significant attention from researchers. These unique cells, found within the dental tissues of deciduous and permanent teeth, present a non-invasive and readily accessible source for stem cell isolation. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were described by Gronthos et al. [1]. In addition to DPSCs and stem cells from

Research paper thumbnail of An Update on Semaglutide Research: A Bibliometric Analysis and a Literature Review

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Diet and nutrition for non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries

Frontiers in Nutrition, Mar 28, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus: A matter of global concern

Advances in human biology, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Detecting Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Infection: Combating a Life-Threatening Emergency with Practical Diagnostic Tools

Diagnostics, Jul 21, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the education of medical, dental and non-medical healthcare professionals in Bangladesh: Findings and connotation

Advances in Human Biology

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Diet and nutrition for non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries

Research paper thumbnail of Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB) and Extensively Drug-Resistant TB (XDR-TB) Among Children: Where We Stand Now

Cureus

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has continued to be a global health cataclysm. It is an arduo... more Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has continued to be a global health cataclysm. It is an arduous condition to tackle but is curable with the proper choice of drug and adherence to the drug therapy. WHO has introduced newer drugs with all-oral shorter regimens, but the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the achievements and raised the severity. The COVID-19 controlling mechanism is based on social distancing, using face masks, personal protective equipment, medical glove, head shoe cover, face shield, goggles, hand hygiene, and many more. Around the globe, national and international health authorities impose lockdown and movement control orders to ensure social distancing and prevent transmission of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, WHO proposed a TB control program impaired during a pandemic. Children, the most vulnerable group, suffer more from the drug-resistant form and act as the storehouse of future fatal cases. It has dire effects on physical health and hampers their mental health and academic career. Treatment of drugresistant cases has more success stories in children than adults, but enrollment for treatment has been persistently low in this age group. Despite that, drug-resistant childhood tuberculosis has been neglected, and proper surveillance has not yet been achieved. Insufficient reporting, lack of appropriate screening tools for children, less accessibility to the treatment facility, inadequate awareness, and reduced funding for TB have worsened the situation. All these have resulted in jeopardizing our dream to terminate this deadly condition. So, it is high time to focus on this issue to achieve our Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the goal of ending TB by 2030, as planned by WHO. This review explores childhood TB's current position and areas to improve. This review utilized electronic-based data searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Search Engine, Science Direct, and Embase.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of RBC Count and Haemoglobin Concentration in Newborn of Mother with and without Preeclampsia

Scholars journal of applied medical sciences, Dec 5, 2022

Original Research Article Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the commonest complications i... more Original Research Article Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the commonest complications in pregnancy which is associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Early hematological screening of the newborn of preeclamptic mother may be helpful to diagnose and treat the newborn of preeclamptic mother for better pregnancy outcome. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the RBC count and Haemoglobin concentration in newborn of mother with and without preeclampsia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the

Research paper thumbnail of Obesity: A Burden Borne by the Global Economy

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science

not available Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 465-471

Research paper thumbnail of One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Surgery: Consequences Over Ascorbic Acid, Cobalamin, Calciferol, and Calcium

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science

Background: Nutrient deficiency after malabsorptive bariatric procedure is a common phenomenon. T... more Background: Nutrient deficiency after malabsorptive bariatric procedure is a common phenomenon. The study aims to determine the prevalence of nutritional insufficiencies (specific with Ascorbic acid, Cobalamin, calciferol and calcium) in obese population opting for One Ananstomosis Gastric Bypass surgery (OAGB), and also to understand the association of these nutrients with change in Body Mass Index (BMI) after the surgery. Methods: One hundred fifty subjects comprising males and females aged 20-60 years were randomly selected at a bariatric center in India. Subjects belonged to both grade III and grade II obesity. Plasma aa, serum vitB12, serum VitD3 and serum calcium concentrations were prospectively assessed at 0m, 3m, and 6m of surgery through high-performance liquid chromatography. Result: The values of nutrients beyond the standard levels are considered as deficiency. Both follow up values showed a significant increase in cobalamin, Calciferol, and ascorbic acid levels compare...

Research paper thumbnail of An autopsy report of rare purulent pericarditis caused by Streptococcus anginosus infection that spread from the liver abscess

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is Gram-positive streptococci and a commensal in the upper ai... more Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is Gram-positive streptococci and a commensal in the upper airway and gastrointestinal and conceptive swathe. It is a commensal microorganism and not well recognized as a pathogen that causes the disease; moreover, death due to the infection is also rare. However, it can cause invasive infections and induce purulent infection with abscess formation under certain conditions and risk factors. We report a rare case of purulent pericarditis in a male deceased who presented with sudden death. The underlying purulent pericarditis that spread from the liver abscess was identified through autopsy examination. Local spread from adjacent organs is rare. The culprit organism was a commensal that became a pathogen under a certain environment. SAG pyogenic pericarditis is an infrequent but severe and fatal condition. A holistic approach to the case must emphasize autopsy findings in a case where the history is limited, especially in forensic practice. Two crucial processes are required to determine the cause of death: through a thorough autopsy and by understanding causation. To conclude that a death was caused by a commensal pathogen is the most difficult task in forensic pathology, and careful examination of postmortem investigations is essential.

Research paper thumbnail of Bibliometric analysis and visualization of research on nanotechnology in dentistry from 1999 to 2022

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

The medical field is highly fascinated with nanotechnology, which offers many opportunities, incl... more The medical field is highly fascinated with nanotechnology, which offers many opportunities, including tissue engineering and nanomedicine. Nanobiotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the field of dentistry. This study investigates the research patterns, the most relevant authors, organizations, themes, journals, and their co-occurrences. An online search was conducted in the PubMed database for the literature on nanotechnology applications in dentistry using specific strings. The articles selected were reviews, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Network analysis and visualization were done using MS Excel, VOS viewer, and Biblioshiny software. The initial search identified 5,898 documents, and finally, 913 articles published in 363 journals by 4,261 authors from 1999 to 2020 were selected. According to the analysis, the nanoparticle is the keyword specific to the field with the highest co-occurrence. Tabriz University of medical sciences is recognized as a top contributor. Collaboration frequency is highest between Iran and the United States of America. The data suggest an increasing research and publishing trend in the field of nanotechnology in dentistry. Research trends have shifted from the chemical properties of nanomaterials to practical applications such as tissue engineering. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of nanotechnology in dentistry.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Salivary Apelin Level among Chronic Periodontitis Patients, with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus utilizing Enzyme‑Linked Immunosorbent Assay: A Comparative Study

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder mainly due to a decrease in the immu... more Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder mainly due to a decrease in the immune system caused by periodontal pathogens. The relationship of apelin among chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. This study intends to assess the level of apelin in saliva from patients of healthy individuals, individuals with CGP, and CGP + T2DM, and evaluate the role of apelin adipokine in inflammation and insulin resistance. New treatment modalities can be invented using apelin in host modulation therapies. Methods: The study comprised 300 patients that were enrolled according to their clinical findings and were divided into three groups chronic periodontitis (n=100), chronic periodontitis with T2DM (n=100), and healthy controls (n=100). Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and salivary Apelin (AP) were obtained. With the help of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, the salivary apelin leve...

Research paper thumbnail of Obesity inflicted reproductive complications and infertility in men

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Electrolyte Imbalance Among Bangladeshi Patients With COVID-19

Research paper thumbnail of Thalassemia: A Review of the Challenges to the Families and Caregivers

Cureus

Thalassemias are a group of congenital hemoglobin (Hb) disorders distinguished by dwindling or to... more Thalassemias are a group of congenital hemoglobin (Hb) disorders distinguished by dwindling or total curtailment of production of one or more globin chains of hemoglobin tetramers, ensuing in unrestrained destruction of red blood cells (RBC) that causes severe anemia. The severity of the disease often remains immensely variable. Children with thalassemia suffer from the disease's consequences and treatment complications. The disease also causes a negative impact on family members, who suffer mentally, socially, financially, and even physically. In this review, we highlight the challenges experienced by the family and caregivers; for instance, repeated blood transfusion as the dominant origin of tissue casualty, morbidity, and fatal clinical outcomes. Treatment modalities regarding thalassemias were not successful until the inception of bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy.

Research paper thumbnail of A Semi-quantitative Evaluation of Out-to-Out Agenesis of Posterior Wall in a Dry Human Sacrum in Bangladesh

Cureus

Background: Each vertebra is formed by combining the distal portion of one somite and the cranial... more Background: Each vertebra is formed by combining the distal portion of one somite and the cranial half of its proximate part. HOX genes regulate the patterning of the shapes of the non-identical spinal column. In the sacral area, anatomical dissimilarity is on account of the distinct shape of the sacral hiatus and the outright non-subsistence of the posticous embankment of the sacral neural tube, which is a consequence of the nonfulfillment of bonding of lamina of all sacral vertebrae. After that, the meninges and the spinal nerve are unprotected and undiagnosable without an X-ray examination. Therefore, it is difficult to detect the reasons for caudal block failure, low back pain, etc. The current research aimed to improve the proficiency of anatomical and developmental errors of the dorsal wall of the sacrum. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 dried adult sacra of unknown sexes from the stock wing of Anatomy, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Bangladesh, from 2017 to 2018. The undefined gender of the sacrum was identified. Results: Out of 60 sacra, 30 (50.0%) were found to be that of males and 30 (50.0%) of females. Among the study samples, only three (5%) samples presented a complete absence of the sacrum's dorsal wall and and incidence among males was higher than females. Conclusion: This type of sacral aberration has paramount clinical importance. Thereby avoiding caudal epidural block-connected sufferings and backbone operative procedures. The expertise regarding the anatomical variation of sacral hiatus is necessary to reduce the failure rate during caudal epidural anesthesia, helps orthopedic surgeons diagnose the cause of low back pain or in surgical situations, and helps pediatricians deal with congenital anomalies such as meningocele and myelomeningocele.

Research paper thumbnail of Classic and Current Opinions in Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation

Cureus

Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of t... more Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Genetic polymorphism determines immune responses to tissue/organ transplantation, and intricate humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms control these responses. In transplantation, the clinician's goal is to achieve a delicate equilibrium between the allogeneic immune response, undesired effects of the immunosuppressive drugs, and the existing morbidities that are potentially life-threatening. Transplant immunopathology involves sensitization, effector, and apoptosis phases which recruit and engages immunological cells like natural killer cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Similarly, these cells are involved in the transfer of normal or genetically engineered T cells. Advances in tissue transplantation would involve a profound knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the respective immunopathology involved and the design of precision medicines that are safe and effective.

Research paper thumbnail of Lactic acid bacteria fermented foods: Impact on immune system and consequences over type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. Rece... more Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. Recent studies suggest that dietary interventions may improve glycemic control and lower the risk of T2DM development. In this regard, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented foods have gained attention due to their potential health benefits, including their ability to modulate the immune system and improve glucose metabolism. This review discusses probiotic LABs and their potential usefullnes in treating metabolic disorders, focusing on diabetes mellitus (DM). The use of LAB in the fermentation mechanism of food can help in disease prevention and immunoregulation along with the benefits of preservation and escalated nutritional properties, and enhanced flavor of food. The probiotics and the metabolites produced during fermentation are involved in modifying the physiopathology and endocrine physiology or generating specific molecules for signaling pathways that may have these effects. Furthermore, this review discusses the effect, therapeutic approaches, and clinical trials of LAB and LAB fermented foods in different comorbidities, pediatric populations, gestational DM, and diabetic dietary supplements. However, there are still some roadblocks to their widespread use, such as ethical, cultural, and religious issues, which can be reduced with more real-life clinical studies. Additionally, further research into the bioinformatics of probiotic LAB strains is needed to collaborate with other researchers in this field.

Research paper thumbnail of Trends of dental stem cells research—A bibliometric analysis and visualization

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Among the diverse sources of stem cells that hold immense regenerative potential, dental stem cel... more Among the diverse sources of stem cells that hold immense regenerative potential, dental stem cells (DSCs) have gained significant attention from researchers. These unique cells, found within the dental tissues of deciduous and permanent teeth, present a non-invasive and readily accessible source for stem cell isolation. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were described by Gronthos et al. [1]. In addition to DPSCs and stem cells from

Research paper thumbnail of An Update on Semaglutide Research: A Bibliometric Analysis and a Literature Review

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Diet and nutrition for non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries

Frontiers in Nutrition, Mar 28, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus: A matter of global concern

Advances in human biology, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Detecting Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Infection: Combating a Life-Threatening Emergency with Practical Diagnostic Tools

Diagnostics, Jul 21, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the education of medical, dental and non-medical healthcare professionals in Bangladesh: Findings and connotation

Advances in Human Biology

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial: Diet and nutrition for non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries

Research paper thumbnail of Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB) and Extensively Drug-Resistant TB (XDR-TB) Among Children: Where We Stand Now

Cureus

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has continued to be a global health cataclysm. It is an arduo... more Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has continued to be a global health cataclysm. It is an arduous condition to tackle but is curable with the proper choice of drug and adherence to the drug therapy. WHO has introduced newer drugs with all-oral shorter regimens, but the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the achievements and raised the severity. The COVID-19 controlling mechanism is based on social distancing, using face masks, personal protective equipment, medical glove, head shoe cover, face shield, goggles, hand hygiene, and many more. Around the globe, national and international health authorities impose lockdown and movement control orders to ensure social distancing and prevent transmission of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, WHO proposed a TB control program impaired during a pandemic. Children, the most vulnerable group, suffer more from the drug-resistant form and act as the storehouse of future fatal cases. It has dire effects on physical health and hampers their mental health and academic career. Treatment of drugresistant cases has more success stories in children than adults, but enrollment for treatment has been persistently low in this age group. Despite that, drug-resistant childhood tuberculosis has been neglected, and proper surveillance has not yet been achieved. Insufficient reporting, lack of appropriate screening tools for children, less accessibility to the treatment facility, inadequate awareness, and reduced funding for TB have worsened the situation. All these have resulted in jeopardizing our dream to terminate this deadly condition. So, it is high time to focus on this issue to achieve our Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the goal of ending TB by 2030, as planned by WHO. This review explores childhood TB's current position and areas to improve. This review utilized electronic-based data searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Search Engine, Science Direct, and Embase.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of RBC Count and Haemoglobin Concentration in Newborn of Mother with and without Preeclampsia

Scholars journal of applied medical sciences, Dec 5, 2022

Original Research Article Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the commonest complications i... more Original Research Article Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the commonest complications in pregnancy which is associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Early hematological screening of the newborn of preeclamptic mother may be helpful to diagnose and treat the newborn of preeclamptic mother for better pregnancy outcome. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the RBC count and Haemoglobin concentration in newborn of mother with and without preeclampsia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the

Research paper thumbnail of Obesity: A Burden Borne by the Global Economy

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science

not available Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 465-471

Research paper thumbnail of One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Surgery: Consequences Over Ascorbic Acid, Cobalamin, Calciferol, and Calcium

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science

Background: Nutrient deficiency after malabsorptive bariatric procedure is a common phenomenon. T... more Background: Nutrient deficiency after malabsorptive bariatric procedure is a common phenomenon. The study aims to determine the prevalence of nutritional insufficiencies (specific with Ascorbic acid, Cobalamin, calciferol and calcium) in obese population opting for One Ananstomosis Gastric Bypass surgery (OAGB), and also to understand the association of these nutrients with change in Body Mass Index (BMI) after the surgery. Methods: One hundred fifty subjects comprising males and females aged 20-60 years were randomly selected at a bariatric center in India. Subjects belonged to both grade III and grade II obesity. Plasma aa, serum vitB12, serum VitD3 and serum calcium concentrations were prospectively assessed at 0m, 3m, and 6m of surgery through high-performance liquid chromatography. Result: The values of nutrients beyond the standard levels are considered as deficiency. Both follow up values showed a significant increase in cobalamin, Calciferol, and ascorbic acid levels compare...

Research paper thumbnail of An autopsy report of rare purulent pericarditis caused by Streptococcus anginosus infection that spread from the liver abscess

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is Gram-positive streptococci and a commensal in the upper ai... more Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is Gram-positive streptococci and a commensal in the upper airway and gastrointestinal and conceptive swathe. It is a commensal microorganism and not well recognized as a pathogen that causes the disease; moreover, death due to the infection is also rare. However, it can cause invasive infections and induce purulent infection with abscess formation under certain conditions and risk factors. We report a rare case of purulent pericarditis in a male deceased who presented with sudden death. The underlying purulent pericarditis that spread from the liver abscess was identified through autopsy examination. Local spread from adjacent organs is rare. The culprit organism was a commensal that became a pathogen under a certain environment. SAG pyogenic pericarditis is an infrequent but severe and fatal condition. A holistic approach to the case must emphasize autopsy findings in a case where the history is limited, especially in forensic practice. Two crucial processes are required to determine the cause of death: through a thorough autopsy and by understanding causation. To conclude that a death was caused by a commensal pathogen is the most difficult task in forensic pathology, and careful examination of postmortem investigations is essential.

Research paper thumbnail of Bibliometric analysis and visualization of research on nanotechnology in dentistry from 1999 to 2022

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

The medical field is highly fascinated with nanotechnology, which offers many opportunities, incl... more The medical field is highly fascinated with nanotechnology, which offers many opportunities, including tissue engineering and nanomedicine. Nanobiotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the field of dentistry. This study investigates the research patterns, the most relevant authors, organizations, themes, journals, and their co-occurrences. An online search was conducted in the PubMed database for the literature on nanotechnology applications in dentistry using specific strings. The articles selected were reviews, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Network analysis and visualization were done using MS Excel, VOS viewer, and Biblioshiny software. The initial search identified 5,898 documents, and finally, 913 articles published in 363 journals by 4,261 authors from 1999 to 2020 were selected. According to the analysis, the nanoparticle is the keyword specific to the field with the highest co-occurrence. Tabriz University of medical sciences is recognized as a top contributor. Collaboration frequency is highest between Iran and the United States of America. The data suggest an increasing research and publishing trend in the field of nanotechnology in dentistry. Research trends have shifted from the chemical properties of nanomaterials to practical applications such as tissue engineering. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of nanotechnology in dentistry.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Salivary Apelin Level among Chronic Periodontitis Patients, with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus utilizing Enzyme‑Linked Immunosorbent Assay: A Comparative Study

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder mainly due to a decrease in the immu... more Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder mainly due to a decrease in the immune system caused by periodontal pathogens. The relationship of apelin among chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. This study intends to assess the level of apelin in saliva from patients of healthy individuals, individuals with CGP, and CGP + T2DM, and evaluate the role of apelin adipokine in inflammation and insulin resistance. New treatment modalities can be invented using apelin in host modulation therapies. Methods: The study comprised 300 patients that were enrolled according to their clinical findings and were divided into three groups chronic periodontitis (n=100), chronic periodontitis with T2DM (n=100), and healthy controls (n=100). Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and salivary Apelin (AP) were obtained. With the help of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, the salivary apelin leve...

Research paper thumbnail of Obesity inflicted reproductive complications and infertility in men

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Electrolyte Imbalance Among Bangladeshi Patients With COVID-19

Research paper thumbnail of Thalassemia: A Review of the Challenges to the Families and Caregivers

Cureus

Thalassemias are a group of congenital hemoglobin (Hb) disorders distinguished by dwindling or to... more Thalassemias are a group of congenital hemoglobin (Hb) disorders distinguished by dwindling or total curtailment of production of one or more globin chains of hemoglobin tetramers, ensuing in unrestrained destruction of red blood cells (RBC) that causes severe anemia. The severity of the disease often remains immensely variable. Children with thalassemia suffer from the disease's consequences and treatment complications. The disease also causes a negative impact on family members, who suffer mentally, socially, financially, and even physically. In this review, we highlight the challenges experienced by the family and caregivers; for instance, repeated blood transfusion as the dominant origin of tissue casualty, morbidity, and fatal clinical outcomes. Treatment modalities regarding thalassemias were not successful until the inception of bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy.

Research paper thumbnail of A Semi-quantitative Evaluation of Out-to-Out Agenesis of Posterior Wall in a Dry Human Sacrum in Bangladesh

Cureus

Background: Each vertebra is formed by combining the distal portion of one somite and the cranial... more Background: Each vertebra is formed by combining the distal portion of one somite and the cranial half of its proximate part. HOX genes regulate the patterning of the shapes of the non-identical spinal column. In the sacral area, anatomical dissimilarity is on account of the distinct shape of the sacral hiatus and the outright non-subsistence of the posticous embankment of the sacral neural tube, which is a consequence of the nonfulfillment of bonding of lamina of all sacral vertebrae. After that, the meninges and the spinal nerve are unprotected and undiagnosable without an X-ray examination. Therefore, it is difficult to detect the reasons for caudal block failure, low back pain, etc. The current research aimed to improve the proficiency of anatomical and developmental errors of the dorsal wall of the sacrum. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 dried adult sacra of unknown sexes from the stock wing of Anatomy, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Bangladesh, from 2017 to 2018. The undefined gender of the sacrum was identified. Results: Out of 60 sacra, 30 (50.0%) were found to be that of males and 30 (50.0%) of females. Among the study samples, only three (5%) samples presented a complete absence of the sacrum's dorsal wall and and incidence among males was higher than females. Conclusion: This type of sacral aberration has paramount clinical importance. Thereby avoiding caudal epidural block-connected sufferings and backbone operative procedures. The expertise regarding the anatomical variation of sacral hiatus is necessary to reduce the failure rate during caudal epidural anesthesia, helps orthopedic surgeons diagnose the cause of low back pain or in surgical situations, and helps pediatricians deal with congenital anomalies such as meningocele and myelomeningocele.

Research paper thumbnail of Classic and Current Opinions in Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation

Cureus

Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of t... more Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Genetic polymorphism determines immune responses to tissue/organ transplantation, and intricate humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms control these responses. In transplantation, the clinician's goal is to achieve a delicate equilibrium between the allogeneic immune response, undesired effects of the immunosuppressive drugs, and the existing morbidities that are potentially life-threatening. Transplant immunopathology involves sensitization, effector, and apoptosis phases which recruit and engages immunological cells like natural killer cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Similarly, these cells are involved in the transfer of normal or genetically engineered T cells. Advances in tissue transplantation would involve a profound knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the respective immunopathology involved and the design of precision medicines that are safe and effective.

Research paper thumbnail of Lactic acid bacteria fermented foods: Impact on immune system and consequences over type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. Rece... more Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. Recent studies suggest that dietary interventions may improve glycemic control and lower the risk of T2DM development. In this regard, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented foods have gained attention due to their potential health benefits, including their ability to modulate the immune system and improve glucose metabolism. This review discusses probiotic LABs and their potential usefullnes in treating metabolic disorders, focusing on diabetes mellitus (DM). The use of LAB in the fermentation mechanism of food can help in disease prevention and immunoregulation along with the benefits of preservation and escalated nutritional properties, and enhanced flavor of food. The probiotics and the metabolites produced during fermentation are involved in modifying the physiopathology and endocrine physiology or generating specific molecules for signaling pathways that may have these effects. Furthermore, this review discusses the effect, therapeutic approaches, and clinical trials of LAB and LAB fermented foods in different comorbidities, pediatric populations, gestational DM, and diabetic dietary supplements. However, there are still some roadblocks to their widespread use, such as ethical, cultural, and religious issues, which can be reduced with more real-life clinical studies. Additionally, further research into the bioinformatics of probiotic LAB strains is needed to collaborate with other researchers in this field.