Shawkat Alam | Macquarie University (original) (raw)
Papers by Shawkat Alam
Netherlands International Law Review, 2011
Water-the human rights context 2.2 The trend of water services privatisation-a brief contextual b... more Water-the human rights context 2.2 The trend of water services privatisation-a brief contextual background 3. The GATS and water services-a critical evaluation 3.1 Key individual provisions of the GATS 3.2 The role of the WTO Dispute Resolution Body 4. The way forward-the future nexus between the GATS and water services 4.1 Capacity building-a glaring omission from the GATS 4.2 Pricing challenges 4.3 Domestic policy flexibility 4.4 Primacy of human rights-based approach and alignment with other international law spheres regulating water services
The complex and transboundary nature of current environmental problems has turned them into globa... more The complex and transboundary nature of current environmental problems has turned them into global issues that intricately link ecology, economics and politics
Marine Policy, 2014
Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessel for scrapping or disposal. This act... more Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessel for scrapping or disposal. This activity was not officially declared an industry in Bangladesh until 2006, even though the country is one of the biggest ship-breakers in the world. This industry has dramatically expanded in Bangladesh, at the cost of environmental degradation and severe labour exploitation. Despite environmental and human rights violations, the shipbreaking industry represents a vital source of income for the country and a livelihood for a significant portion of its population. Shipbreaking activities in Bangladesh present both opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh. This article examines the extent to which the existing regulatory framework for dealing with these issues in Bangladesh is congruent with international instruments. This article also examines relevant international instruments which prescribe the core principles for regulating the ship breaking industry and evaluates the legal regulation of the Bangladesh ship breaking industry against these international instruments. The underlying objective of this evaluation is to demonstrate that Bangladeshi instruments could incorporate the core of the international instruments to minimise the environmental damage caused by this industry. This article concludes that Bangladesh should either amend its laws or enact a new legislative scheme that is based on the core values of the Basel Convention. This change is vital if Bangladesh wants to ensure a long lasting industry that could serve its need for iron ore and engage its abundant labour force, without the cost of destroying its coastal line which is one of its most valuable natural assets.
Netherlands International Law Review, 2009
Journal of Environmental Law, 2009
Comprehensive seems an inadequate word to describe the depth and variety supplied in this offerin... more Comprehensive seems an inadequate word to describe the depth and variety supplied in this offering from the IUCN Academy of Environmental Law Research Studies. Not only does it include input from prominent scholars from across the globe, but the subject matter and case studies literally span all seven continents, and indeed beyond, given that marine biodiversity is addressed as well. The collection opens with preeminent contributions providing perspectives on the contemporary challenges being faced by environmental ...
Sustainable growth rate (SGR) is the maximum sales growth rate, measured from a base sales level,... more Sustainable growth rate (SGR) is the maximum sales growth rate, measured from a base sales level, which a company can support without any additional external equity financing while maintaining a target Debt-Equity (D/E) ratio, given the retention ratio, b. SGR formulations available in literature do not consider variable liability as an internal source of financing, and thus, these formulations underestimate SGR.
One hundred and thirteen fruit eating and insectivorous bats were captured from different parts o... more One hundred and thirteen fruit eating and insectivorous bats were captured from different parts of Bangladesh. Antemortem and post mortem examinations of the bats for rabies were conducted. Microscopic studies and biological tests were carried-out with bat's brain for the detection of rabies virus. The results were negative. It may therefore, be concluded that the insectivorous and fruit eating bats from different parts of Bangladesh do not act as the reservoir for rabies virus.
We investigated a case of paternity dispute with 10 autosomal STR loci and found a mismatch in on... more We investigated a case of paternity dispute with 10 autosomal STR loci and found a mismatch in one of the alleles of the FGA locus in the child. The composition of alleles of this locus in the mother, child and alleged father were, 19/24, 23/24 and 22/24 respectively. The combined paternity index (CPI) and probability of paternity (W) after including the mutation in the calculation was 2,932 and 0.9998 respectively which favored the paternity of alleged father as the biological father of the child.
International Journal of Surgery, Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 567-568, 2011, Authors:Franscois Runau... more International Journal of Surgery, Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 567-568, 2011, Authors:Franscois Runau; Paul Healy; Mohammad Ali; Ian DeSilva; Sabrina Alam; Sheila Shokuhi.
Abstract An investigation was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Beetal go... more Abstract An investigation was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Beetal goats and the husbandry practices adopted by farmers in its breeding tract. The morphometric traits such as body length, height at wither, chest girth, paunch girth, ear length, ear width, nasal bridge, tail length and body weight were 76.76±1.21, 79.97±2.01, 84.78±1.70, 96.05±2.30, 24.16±0.92, 11.05±0.30, 33.18±0.95, 20.50±0.68 cm and 47.36±0.40 kg, respectively, in adult females.
Abstract A novel gas flow sensor has been developed based on the sound produced by turbulence tha... more Abstract A novel gas flow sensor has been developed based on the sound produced by turbulence that is created by a small obstruction placed in the path of the flow. A microphone placed behind the obstruction gives an electrical output which is conditioned and calibrated for flow rate. The sensor has no moving parts making it robust. A computerised system with appropriate data correction is being developed for spirometry using this sensor
'Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests ... more 'Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. In a world where people are becoming increasingly concerned about responsible production policies, ecology, and environment, there is a greater demand for greener textiles in the foreign markets.
Purpose–The multilateral liberalisation of trade in education under the General Agreement on Trad... more Purpose–The multilateral liberalisation of trade in education under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has achieved little progress. In a bid to overcome this lacklustre education trade liberalisation under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the purpose of this paper is to examine education trade bilateralism between Australia and India as an alternative to multilateralism.
Netherlands International Law Review, 2011
Water-the human rights context 2.2 The trend of water services privatisation-a brief contextual b... more Water-the human rights context 2.2 The trend of water services privatisation-a brief contextual background 3. The GATS and water services-a critical evaluation 3.1 Key individual provisions of the GATS 3.2 The role of the WTO Dispute Resolution Body 4. The way forward-the future nexus between the GATS and water services 4.1 Capacity building-a glaring omission from the GATS 4.2 Pricing challenges 4.3 Domestic policy flexibility 4.4 Primacy of human rights-based approach and alignment with other international law spheres regulating water services
The complex and transboundary nature of current environmental problems has turned them into globa... more The complex and transboundary nature of current environmental problems has turned them into global issues that intricately link ecology, economics and politics
Marine Policy, 2014
Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessel for scrapping or disposal. This act... more Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessel for scrapping or disposal. This activity was not officially declared an industry in Bangladesh until 2006, even though the country is one of the biggest ship-breakers in the world. This industry has dramatically expanded in Bangladesh, at the cost of environmental degradation and severe labour exploitation. Despite environmental and human rights violations, the shipbreaking industry represents a vital source of income for the country and a livelihood for a significant portion of its population. Shipbreaking activities in Bangladesh present both opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh. This article examines the extent to which the existing regulatory framework for dealing with these issues in Bangladesh is congruent with international instruments. This article also examines relevant international instruments which prescribe the core principles for regulating the ship breaking industry and evaluates the legal regulation of the Bangladesh ship breaking industry against these international instruments. The underlying objective of this evaluation is to demonstrate that Bangladeshi instruments could incorporate the core of the international instruments to minimise the environmental damage caused by this industry. This article concludes that Bangladesh should either amend its laws or enact a new legislative scheme that is based on the core values of the Basel Convention. This change is vital if Bangladesh wants to ensure a long lasting industry that could serve its need for iron ore and engage its abundant labour force, without the cost of destroying its coastal line which is one of its most valuable natural assets.
Netherlands International Law Review, 2009
Journal of Environmental Law, 2009
Comprehensive seems an inadequate word to describe the depth and variety supplied in this offerin... more Comprehensive seems an inadequate word to describe the depth and variety supplied in this offering from the IUCN Academy of Environmental Law Research Studies. Not only does it include input from prominent scholars from across the globe, but the subject matter and case studies literally span all seven continents, and indeed beyond, given that marine biodiversity is addressed as well. The collection opens with preeminent contributions providing perspectives on the contemporary challenges being faced by environmental ...
Sustainable growth rate (SGR) is the maximum sales growth rate, measured from a base sales level,... more Sustainable growth rate (SGR) is the maximum sales growth rate, measured from a base sales level, which a company can support without any additional external equity financing while maintaining a target Debt-Equity (D/E) ratio, given the retention ratio, b. SGR formulations available in literature do not consider variable liability as an internal source of financing, and thus, these formulations underestimate SGR.
One hundred and thirteen fruit eating and insectivorous bats were captured from different parts o... more One hundred and thirteen fruit eating and insectivorous bats were captured from different parts of Bangladesh. Antemortem and post mortem examinations of the bats for rabies were conducted. Microscopic studies and biological tests were carried-out with bat's brain for the detection of rabies virus. The results were negative. It may therefore, be concluded that the insectivorous and fruit eating bats from different parts of Bangladesh do not act as the reservoir for rabies virus.
We investigated a case of paternity dispute with 10 autosomal STR loci and found a mismatch in on... more We investigated a case of paternity dispute with 10 autosomal STR loci and found a mismatch in one of the alleles of the FGA locus in the child. The composition of alleles of this locus in the mother, child and alleged father were, 19/24, 23/24 and 22/24 respectively. The combined paternity index (CPI) and probability of paternity (W) after including the mutation in the calculation was 2,932 and 0.9998 respectively which favored the paternity of alleged father as the biological father of the child.
International Journal of Surgery, Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 567-568, 2011, Authors:Franscois Runau... more International Journal of Surgery, Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 567-568, 2011, Authors:Franscois Runau; Paul Healy; Mohammad Ali; Ian DeSilva; Sabrina Alam; Sheila Shokuhi.
Abstract An investigation was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Beetal go... more Abstract An investigation was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Beetal goats and the husbandry practices adopted by farmers in its breeding tract. The morphometric traits such as body length, height at wither, chest girth, paunch girth, ear length, ear width, nasal bridge, tail length and body weight were 76.76±1.21, 79.97±2.01, 84.78±1.70, 96.05±2.30, 24.16±0.92, 11.05±0.30, 33.18±0.95, 20.50±0.68 cm and 47.36±0.40 kg, respectively, in adult females.
Abstract A novel gas flow sensor has been developed based on the sound produced by turbulence tha... more Abstract A novel gas flow sensor has been developed based on the sound produced by turbulence that is created by a small obstruction placed in the path of the flow. A microphone placed behind the obstruction gives an electrical output which is conditioned and calibrated for flow rate. The sensor has no moving parts making it robust. A computerised system with appropriate data correction is being developed for spirometry using this sensor
'Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests ... more 'Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. In a world where people are becoming increasingly concerned about responsible production policies, ecology, and environment, there is a greater demand for greener textiles in the foreign markets.
Purpose–The multilateral liberalisation of trade in education under the General Agreement on Trad... more Purpose–The multilateral liberalisation of trade in education under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has achieved little progress. In a bid to overcome this lacklustre education trade liberalisation under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the purpose of this paper is to examine education trade bilateralism between Australia and India as an alternative to multilateralism.
The unprecedented degradation of the planet’s vital ecosystems is among the most pressing issues ... more The unprecedented degradation of the planet’s vital ecosystems is among the most pressing issues confronting the international community. Despite the proliferation of legal instruments to combat environmental problems, conflicts between rich and poor nations (the North-South divide) have compromised the effectiveness of international environmental law, leading to deadlocks in environmental treaty negotiations and non-compliance with existing agreements. Through contributions from scholars based in five continents, International Environmental Law and the Global South examines both the historical origins of the North-South divide in European colonialism as well as its contemporary manifestations in a range of issues, including food justice, energy justice, indigenous rights, trade, investment, extractive industries, human rights, land grabs, hazardous waste, and climate change. Born out of the recognition that global inequality and profligate consumerism present threats to a sustainable planet, this books makes a unique contribution to international environmental law by emphasizing the priorities and concerns of the global South.
The downloadable document contains the table of contents as well as the book introduction (co-authored by Sumudu Atapattu and Carmen G. Gonzalez)