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Papers by Ave-maria Semakafu

Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2014

This book contains the abstracts of the papers/posters presented at the Tanzania Health Summit 20... more This book contains the abstracts of the papers/posters presented at the Tanzania Health Summit 2020 (THS-2020) Organized by the Ministry of Health Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC); President Office Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG); Ministry of Health, Social Welfare, Elderly, Gender, and Children Zanzibar; Association of Private Health Facilities in Tanzania (APHFTA); National Muslim Council of Tanzania (BAKWATA); Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC); & Tindwa Medical and Health Services (TMHS) held on 25–26 November 2020. The Tanzania Health Summit is the annual largest healthcare platform in Tanzania that attracts more than 1000 participants, national and international experts, from policymakers, health researchers, public health professionals, health insurers, medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, private health investors, supply chain experts, and the civil society. During the three-day summit, stakeholders and decision-m...

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1997

This study is premised on the assumption that women have comparatively limited access to universi... more This study is premised on the assumption that women have comparatively limited access to university education in Tanzania, and that problems of access for women have implications for researchers, policy makers and decision-takers. Just as serious as the problem of women's initial entry into a university are the problems of the retention of women in university employment and graduate study. Other problems related to university access for women elsewhere - such as slower promotions in jobs, limited access to critical decision making, and low participation in university governance - also generally exist in Tanzania. The study assumes that there are hindrances to the educational advancement of women; that those hindrances affect different categories of women to varying degrees and, in recognition of that, the special problems affecting rural-based women and those aspiring to or taking science subjects need to be addressed.

Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 2014

Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. ‘… more th... more Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. ‘… more than 50% of all infectious diseases of humans originate from animals and that, of the emerging diseases about 75% could be traced back to animal origin’ (Rweyemamu et al. 2006). A comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of health, through an appropriate training model for HRH, is a key input. This study aimed to explore if human and veterinary medical schools were using such a model or providing time for this model in their curricula. Specific objectives were to: determine the time that human and veterinary medical schools’ curricula provide for subjects or courses related to the social determinants of health; analyse the curricula contents to establish how they relate to the social determinants of health; and explore how a bio-medical model may influence the graduates’ understanding and practice of One Health. A review of human and veterinary graduate-level medical schools’...

Global Health Action, 2016

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one form of violence against women, and is defined as ‘behavio... more Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one form of violence against women, and is defined as ‘behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours. The world health organisation multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence identified lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual partner violence ranging from 15 to 71%, and past year’s prevalence between 4 and 54%. IPV is also a problem in Tanzania. In 1998, about 10,000 cases of wife beating were reported to the ministry of home affairs. An increasing number of IPV incidents are being reported to the women’s legal aid centre in Dar es Salaam, sometimes going up to 80% per day. According to the WHO multi-country study conducted in 10 countries ABSTRACT

… inequities in health: …, 2001

... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and i... more ... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and increase their chances of getting Tanzanite stones. ... Life in a refugee camp The United Republic of Tanzania is a union between the former Republic of Tanganyika (the mainland) and ...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Intimate partner violence is a major public health problem in Tanzania, yet little is... more Background: Intimate partner violence is a major public health problem in Tanzania, yet little is known about the coping strategies among women living with HIV/AIDS who experiencing IPV. The objective of the study was to explore the coping strategies employed by women living with HIV/AIDS experiencing IPV who attended care and treatment services in the Singida region.Methods: A qualitative phenomenology study design was performed in which data were collected through in-depth interviews with 35 women living with HIV/AIDS who also experienced IPV. Content analysis was used to analyse the data.Results: We found that women living with HIV/AIDS experienced IPV used family members, such as their mothers, sisters, and brothers as a coping mechanism to express their pains. Spiritual leaders counselled them spiritually and psychologically and they were advised on how to live with their violent partners. Other coping mechanisms included reporting to the police and the legal system, and the us...

Global health action, 2016

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global public health problem. Sub-Saharan... more Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global public health problem. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV/AIDS in the world. Globally, and in Tanzania in particular, women are more affected by HIV/AIDS than men. Tanzania has been reported to be among the countries with the highest burden of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study explored the challenges facing women living with HIV/AIDS (LWHA) attending the care and treatment clinic (CTC) in Singida Regional Hospital in Tanzania. Design A qualitative study was performed in which data were collected through in-depth interviews with 35 women LWHA who also experienced IPV. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results The study findings showed that women LWHA experienced challenges from their male partners in the form of lack of fare to attend CTC, delayed attendance to CTC, verbal threats and intimidation, mistrust partner resulting in changed antiretroviral (ARV) dosing time. Also, syste...

Challenging Inequities in Health, 2001

... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and i... more ... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and increase their chances of getting Tanzanite stones. ... Life in a refugee camp The United Republic of Tanzania is a union between the former Republic of Tanganyika (the mainland) and ...

Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2005

Reproductive Health Matters, 2003

Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 2014

Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. &a... more Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. '… more than 50% of all infectious diseases of humans originate from animals and that, of the emerging diseases about 75% could be traced back to animal origin' (Rweyemamu et al. 2006). A comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of health, through an appropriate training model for HRH, is a key input. This study aimed to explore if human and veterinary medical schools were using such a model or providing time for this model in their curricula. Specific objectives were to: determine the time that human and veterinary medical schools' curricula provide for subjects or courses related to the social determinants of health; analyse the curricula contents to establish how they relate to the social determinants of health; and explore how a bio-medical model may influence the graduates' understanding and practice of One Health. A review of human and veterinary graduate-level medical schools' curricula in East Africa was performed in April 2013 and May 2013. The findings were: in the curricula, SDH contents for knowledge enhancement about One Health are minimal and that teaching is Germ Theory model-driven and partisan. Out of the total training time for physicians and veterinarians, less than 10% was provided for the social determinants of health-related courses. In conclusion, the curricula and training times provided are inadequate for graduates to fully understand the social determinants of health and their role in One Health. Furthermore, the Germ Theory model that has been adopted addresses secondary causes and is inappropriate. There is a need for more in-depth model. This article suggests that a vicious cycle of ill-health model must be taught.

Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2014

This book contains the abstracts of the papers/posters presented at the Tanzania Health Summit 20... more This book contains the abstracts of the papers/posters presented at the Tanzania Health Summit 2020 (THS-2020) Organized by the Ministry of Health Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC); President Office Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG); Ministry of Health, Social Welfare, Elderly, Gender, and Children Zanzibar; Association of Private Health Facilities in Tanzania (APHFTA); National Muslim Council of Tanzania (BAKWATA); Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC); & Tindwa Medical and Health Services (TMHS) held on 25–26 November 2020. The Tanzania Health Summit is the annual largest healthcare platform in Tanzania that attracts more than 1000 participants, national and international experts, from policymakers, health researchers, public health professionals, health insurers, medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, private health investors, supply chain experts, and the civil society. During the three-day summit, stakeholders and decision-m...

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1997

This study is premised on the assumption that women have comparatively limited access to universi... more This study is premised on the assumption that women have comparatively limited access to university education in Tanzania, and that problems of access for women have implications for researchers, policy makers and decision-takers. Just as serious as the problem of women's initial entry into a university are the problems of the retention of women in university employment and graduate study. Other problems related to university access for women elsewhere - such as slower promotions in jobs, limited access to critical decision making, and low participation in university governance - also generally exist in Tanzania. The study assumes that there are hindrances to the educational advancement of women; that those hindrances affect different categories of women to varying degrees and, in recognition of that, the special problems affecting rural-based women and those aspiring to or taking science subjects need to be addressed.

Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 2014

Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. ‘… more th... more Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. ‘… more than 50% of all infectious diseases of humans originate from animals and that, of the emerging diseases about 75% could be traced back to animal origin’ (Rweyemamu et al. 2006). A comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of health, through an appropriate training model for HRH, is a key input. This study aimed to explore if human and veterinary medical schools were using such a model or providing time for this model in their curricula. Specific objectives were to: determine the time that human and veterinary medical schools’ curricula provide for subjects or courses related to the social determinants of health; analyse the curricula contents to establish how they relate to the social determinants of health; and explore how a bio-medical model may influence the graduates’ understanding and practice of One Health. A review of human and veterinary graduate-level medical schools’...

Global Health Action, 2016

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one form of violence against women, and is defined as ‘behavio... more Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one form of violence against women, and is defined as ‘behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours. The world health organisation multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence identified lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual partner violence ranging from 15 to 71%, and past year’s prevalence between 4 and 54%. IPV is also a problem in Tanzania. In 1998, about 10,000 cases of wife beating were reported to the ministry of home affairs. An increasing number of IPV incidents are being reported to the women’s legal aid centre in Dar es Salaam, sometimes going up to 80% per day. According to the WHO multi-country study conducted in 10 countries ABSTRACT

… inequities in health: …, 2001

... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and i... more ... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and increase their chances of getting Tanzanite stones. ... Life in a refugee camp The United Republic of Tanzania is a union between the former Republic of Tanganyika (the mainland) and ...

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

Background: Intimate partner violence is a major public health problem in Tanzania, yet little is... more Background: Intimate partner violence is a major public health problem in Tanzania, yet little is known about the coping strategies among women living with HIV/AIDS who experiencing IPV. The objective of the study was to explore the coping strategies employed by women living with HIV/AIDS experiencing IPV who attended care and treatment services in the Singida region.Methods: A qualitative phenomenology study design was performed in which data were collected through in-depth interviews with 35 women living with HIV/AIDS who also experienced IPV. Content analysis was used to analyse the data.Results: We found that women living with HIV/AIDS experienced IPV used family members, such as their mothers, sisters, and brothers as a coping mechanism to express their pains. Spiritual leaders counselled them spiritually and psychologically and they were advised on how to live with their violent partners. Other coping mechanisms included reporting to the police and the legal system, and the us...

Global health action, 2016

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global public health problem. Sub-Saharan... more Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global public health problem. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected by HIV/AIDS in the world. Globally, and in Tanzania in particular, women are more affected by HIV/AIDS than men. Tanzania has been reported to be among the countries with the highest burden of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study explored the challenges facing women living with HIV/AIDS (LWHA) attending the care and treatment clinic (CTC) in Singida Regional Hospital in Tanzania. Design A qualitative study was performed in which data were collected through in-depth interviews with 35 women LWHA who also experienced IPV. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results The study findings showed that women LWHA experienced challenges from their male partners in the form of lack of fare to attend CTC, delayed attendance to CTC, verbal threats and intimidation, mistrust partner resulting in changed antiretroviral (ARV) dosing time. Also, syste...

Challenging Inequities in Health, 2001

... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and i... more ... they were not paid a regular wage, the miners preferred to maximize their working hours and increase their chances of getting Tanzanite stones. ... Life in a refugee camp The United Republic of Tanzania is a union between the former Republic of Tanganyika (the mainland) and ...

Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2005

Reproductive Health Matters, 2003

Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 2014

Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. &a... more Appropriately trained Human Resources for Health (HRH) are key inputs into One Health. '… more than 50% of all infectious diseases of humans originate from animals and that, of the emerging diseases about 75% could be traced back to animal origin' (Rweyemamu et al. 2006). A comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of health, through an appropriate training model for HRH, is a key input. This study aimed to explore if human and veterinary medical schools were using such a model or providing time for this model in their curricula. Specific objectives were to: determine the time that human and veterinary medical schools' curricula provide for subjects or courses related to the social determinants of health; analyse the curricula contents to establish how they relate to the social determinants of health; and explore how a bio-medical model may influence the graduates' understanding and practice of One Health. A review of human and veterinary graduate-level medical schools' curricula in East Africa was performed in April 2013 and May 2013. The findings were: in the curricula, SDH contents for knowledge enhancement about One Health are minimal and that teaching is Germ Theory model-driven and partisan. Out of the total training time for physicians and veterinarians, less than 10% was provided for the social determinants of health-related courses. In conclusion, the curricula and training times provided are inadequate for graduates to fully understand the social determinants of health and their role in One Health. Furthermore, the Germ Theory model that has been adopted addresses secondary causes and is inappropriate. There is a need for more in-depth model. This article suggests that a vicious cycle of ill-health model must be taught.