mohammad khazdair | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran. (original) (raw)
Papers by mohammad khazdair
Translational and clinical pharmacology/Translational & clinical pharmacology, 2024
BMC medical informatics and decision making, Feb 14, 2024
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. T... more Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. This study analyses CAD risk factors using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict CAD. Methods The research data were obtained from a multi-center study, namely the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD). The current study used the medical records of 415 patients with CAD hospitalized in Razi Hospital, Birjand, Iran, between May 2016 and June 2019. A total of 43 variables that affect CAD were selected, and the relevant data was extracted. Once the data were cleaned and normalized, they were imported into SPSS (V26) for analysis. The present study used the ANN technique. Results The study revealed that 48% of the study population had a history of CAD, including 9.4% with premature CAD and 38.8% with CAD. The variables of age, sex, occupation, smoking, opium use, pesticide exposure, anxiety, sexual activity, and high fasting blood sugar were found to be significantly different among the three groups of CAD, premature CAD, and non-CAD individuals. The neural network achieved success with five hidden fitted layers and an accuracy of 81% in non-CAD diagnosis, 79% in premature diagnosis, and 78% in CAD diagnosis. Anxiety, acceptance, eduction and gender were the four most important factors in the ANN model. Conclusions The current study shows that anxiety is a high-prevalence risk factor for CAD in the hospitalized population. There is a need to implement measures to increase awareness about the psychological factors that can be managed in individuals at high risk for future CAD.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Apr 17, 2023
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Sep 10, 2021
Objectives Many diabetes-related complications are caused by oxidative stress. In the current stu... more Objectives Many diabetes-related complications are caused by oxidative stress. In the current study, the protective effect of Cinnamomum cassia against diabetes-induced liver and kidney oxidative stress was evaluated. Methods The male Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly divided into six groups including; control group received 500 µL normal saline orally for 42 days. Diabetes groups received intraperitoneally (i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) as single-dose (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Cinnamon extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) were orally administered to diabetic rats for 42 days. After the experiment period, the animals were anesthetized and the liver and kidney tissues were quickly removed and restored for oxidative stress evaluation. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol content, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, as well as, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in kidney and liver tissue. Results The level of MDA, SOD, and CAT activities increased significantly, while the total thiol content, and NO production were significantly reduced in diabetic animals compared to the control group (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). Treatment with cinnamon extract significantly decreased the MDA level, as well as, SOD and CAT activities in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). In the liver and kidney of cinnamon treated groups, GSH and total thiol contents and NO production were significantly higher than diabetic group (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). Conclusions Cinnamon extract due to its potent antioxidant property could be effective in decrease of diabetes-induced oxidative stress that plays a major role in renal and hepatic complications.
Elsevier eBooks, 2020
Abstract Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus) or saffron is used as an herbal medicine in various disea... more Abstract Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus) or saffron is used as an herbal medicine in various diseases and health problems including amenorrhea, coughs, asthma, as well as cardiovascular and stomach disorders. The relaxant effect of saffron on smooth muscles could be the base of some therapeutic effects of the plant. The plant is rich in carotenoids, and its main components are crocin, safranal, crocetin, and kaempferol. Medline/PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Scholar, Chemical Abstracts, and Biological Abstracts databases were searched using keywords including Crocus sativus, crocetin, saffron, safranal, crocin, relaxant effects, and smooth muscles from 1964 until the end of December 2018. C. sativus (saffron) and its component relaxant effect on smooth muscles of various organs, including blood vessels, trachea, gastrointestinal, and urogenital, have been shown. The effects of saffron stigma and its constituent on systolic blood pressure were also reported. In addition, the possible mechanism of this effects (smooth muscles relaxant) of saffron and its constituent including its effect on beta-adrenergic, muscarinic, and histamine (H1) receptors, as well as their effect on calcium and potassium channels and modulation of nitric oxide pathway, were reported. The aforementioned finding suggested the therapeutic effect of saffron and its constituents on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital disorders because of the relaxant effect of the plant and its constituents on the smooth muscle of the above systems.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Jul 1, 2020
have been shown to play a vital role in survival of neurons and alleviation of PD syptomes. 12,13... more have been shown to play a vital role in survival of neurons and alleviation of PD syptomes. 12,13 Recently, the strong neuro-protective effect of medicinal plants extracts and phytochemicals in reduction of PD signs due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has been heighlited in various studies. 14-16 Phytochemicals such as thymoquinone (TQ), crocin, curcumin and polyphenols have been shown to have cosidarable protective effects on nervous system via moulation oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. 17-20 Therefore, the present review was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants and ingredients on PD. Methods The data narrated in our review were assembled from databases PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar until the end of May 2019. Data consist of animal and clinical researches. Letter to the editors and non-English language articles were not considered. Mucuna pruriens Mucuna pruriens from the Fabaceae family has been used in Indian traditional medicine for curing diseases such as PD (see Figure 1). 21 One of the principal constitutes of this plant is L-dopa. 22 The administration of food endocarp of M. pruriens seeds (5 g/kg) combined with carbidopa (50
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Apr 20, 2020
The effect of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) on serum cytokine, chemokines, and respiratory s... more The effect of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) on serum cytokine, chemokines, and respiratory symptoms in the veterans exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) more than two decades (27-30 years) ago was conducted in 2018. Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (P, mean age (54.40 ± 5.51)) and two treated groups with Z. multiflora extract 5 and 10 mg/kg/day (Z5 and 10; mean age, 58.50 ± 3.60 and 55.18 ± 4.11, respectively). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV 1), and respiratory symptoms including chest wheeze (CW), night wheeze (NW), night cough (NC), and cough and wheeze during exercise (ECW) were assessed at the baseline (phase 0), 1 and 2 months after starting treatment (phase I and II, respectively). The value of FEV 1 was significantly increased in Z10 in phase I and II compared with that in phase 0 (p < 0.01 for both) and in Z5 in phase II compared with phase I and 0 (p < 0.001for both). All respiratory symptoms significantly decreased in Z5 and 10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Serum levels of TNF-α and VEGF were decreased in Z5 and 10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Serum levels of MCP-1 and EGF were decreased in Z10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The percent change of respiratory symptoms, serum levels of cytokines during the treatment period, was significantly improved in the treated groups compared with that in the placebo group. Two months' of treatment with Z. multiflora improved cytokine levels, respiratory symptom, and FEV 1 values in SM-exposed patients.
Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, Aug 30, 2015
Background: In traditional medicine, asafoetida obtained from the roots of different Ferula assaf... more Background: In traditional medicine, asafoetida obtained from the roots of different Ferula assafoetida (F. asafoetida) is used for various therapeutic purposes such as whooping cough, pneumonia and bronchitis in children, as well as asthma. Objectives: In this study, the effect of asafoetida on muscarinic receptors of tracheal smooth muscle, as one possible mechanism responsible for the relaxant effect seen for the plant, was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The effects of three cumulative concentrations of aqueous extract of F. asafoetida (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL), 10 nM atropine, and saline on muscarinic receptors were tested in tracheal smooth muscle samples by performing cumulative concentration response curve to methacholine (a muscarinic receptor agonist) and assessing the shift in concentration response curves due to different concentrations of the extract and atropine. Results: The EC 50 obtained in the presence of higher concentration of the extract muscle was significantly higher compared to saline (P < 0.01). The maximum responses to methacholine in the presence of higher concentration of the extract (10 mg/mL) was significantly lower than that of saline (P < 0.05). The values of CR-1, obtained in the presence of all concentrations of the extract, were significantly lower compared to atropine in the experimental group (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results showed an inhibitory effect for the extract of asafetida on muscarinic receptors of tracheal smooth muscle.
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Context: Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), or saffron, has been used as food additives and spices. I... more Context: Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), or saffron, has been used as food additives and spices. In the traditional medicine of Iran, C. sativus has been used for the treatment of liver disorders, coughs, and as an anti-inflammatory agent for eyes. Objective: The current study reviewed the possible therapeutic effects of C. sativus stigma and its petal flavonoid (kaempferol) on respiratory disorders with several mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, and smooth muscle relaxant effects. Materials and methods: This review article searched databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, up to November 2019. The keywords including; 'Crocus sativus', 'saffron', 'kaempferol', 'airway inflammation', and 'smooth muscle relaxant' were searched. Results: C. sativus reduced nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. Saffron and kaempferol reduced white blood cells (WBCs) and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, saffron reduced tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin on tracheal smooth muscles. In addition, kaempferol reduced the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts similar to the effect of dexamethasone and also showed relaxant effects on smooth muscle. Discussion and conclusion: Crocus sativus and its petal flavonoid, kaempferol, showed relatively potent therapeutic effects on respiratory disorders by relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory or blocking effects on b-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptors, respectively. Saffron and kaempferol also decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in respiratory systems.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Feb 1, 2020
Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and has several traditional us... more Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and has several traditional uses owing to its antiseptic, aesthetic, antispasmodic, analgesic, and antidiarrheal properties. Aim of the study: We aimed to investigate the effect of Z. multiflora on serum cytokine levels and pulmonary function tests (PFT) in patients exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) for a long term (27-30 years). Materials and methods: Thirty-five patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (P) and two experimental groups treated with Z. multiflora extracts, i.e., 5 and 10 mg/kg/day (Z5 and Z10). Serum levels of cytokines including IL (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) and IFN-γ as well as PFT indices such as maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and maximum expiratory flow at 25, 50, and 75% of vital capacity (VC) (MEF25, 50, and 75) were assessed at the beginning (phase 0) and at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (phases I and II, respectively) after starting the treatment. Results: Serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly decreased, while serum levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the Z5 and Z10 treatment groups in phases I and II as compared to those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). MMEF and MEF25, 50, and 75 values were significantly increased in the Z5 group in phase II and in the Z10 group in phases I and II compared to those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The percent change in serum cytokine levels and the change in MEF25, 50, and 75 during the two-month treatment period were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the placebo group. Conclusions: Two months of treatment with Z. multiflora reduced inflammation, while it enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved PFT indices in SM-exposed patients.
Human & Experimental Toxicology, Jan 23, 2020
Introduction: Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. N.... more Introduction: Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. N. oleander is distributed originally in subtropical Asia but is now growing in many parts of the world, such as the United States, Australia, China, and Middle East countries. Pharmacological effects of plant including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity were reported, but the potential toxic effects of all parts of the shrub either fresh or dried on animal and human body were documented. Method: The data of this review article were obtained from Medline/Pubmed, Scopusand Google Scholar databases in English until September 2019. To include all publications in this field, keywords such as N. oleander and toxicity were used. Results: The poisoning effects of plant or their active alkaloids induced infiltration of cells with hemorrhage and sever negative changes in the lung, induce lesions, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the portal spaces with scattered necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver, cardiac toxicity of the plant in the heart were included, induced varying degrees of hemorrhage, myocardial degeneration, and necrosis. It also induced arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, and prolonged P-R interval in electrocardiographic records. Conclusions: The toxic effects of N. oleander are mostly related to its inhibitory effects on the Na+-K+ ATPase pump in the cellular membrane. However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in the toxicity of N. oleander is not clear.
Neural Regeneration Research, 2020
Green tea catechins inhibit microglial activation which prevents the development of neurological ... more Green tea catechins inhibit microglial activation which prevents the development of neurological disorders Bachiller et al., 2018). Additionally, catechins have a neuroprotective impact on neuronal and microglial cells through suppressing the PI3k/Ak, iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heat shock protein 60/heat shock factor-1 expression
Journal of Toxicology, 2015
Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is an annual plant and widely used as medicinal plant throughout the w... more Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is an annual plant and widely used as medicinal plant throughout the world. The seeds of the plant have been used traditionally in various disorders and as a spice to ranges of Persian foods. N. sativa has therapeutic effects on tracheal responsiveness (TR) and lung inflammation on induced toxicity by Sulfur mustard. N. sativa has been widely used in treatment of various nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, and neurotoxicity. Most of the therapeutic properties of this plant are due to the presence of some phenolic compounds especially thymoquinone (TQ), which is major bioactive component of the essential oil. The present review is an effort to provide a comprehensive study of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant on induced neurotoxicity.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Jul 1, 2020
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by typical sy... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by typical symptoms including gradual progressive muscle rigidity, tremor and loss of motor skills. Although there is no definitive cure for PD, the extract of some medicinal plants and their ingredients have been suggested to relieve its symptoms and to prevent disability in patients. This review is focused on therapeutic effects of some medicinal plants and their ingredients on PD. The findings presented in this review were collected from experimental and clinical studies in databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar until the end of May 2019. The keywords "neurtoxicity" or "Parkinson's disease" or "neuroprotective" and "Medicinal plants" and "Flavonoids" were searched. Based on the results of animal and clinical studies, the extract of medicinal plants and their components which are discussed in this review have neuro-protective effects against PD. These protective properties mainly are mediated through inhibition of dopamine metabolizing enzymes, reduction oxidant markers, increase of antioxidant agents and suppression of neuro-inflammation.
Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology, May 27, 2015
Current Nutrition & Food Science, Sep 3, 2015
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2017
Zataria multiflora changes cytokines gene expression in sensitized splenocytes Zataria multiflora... more Zataria multiflora changes cytokines gene expression in sensitized splenocytes Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) is a perennial plant which grows in Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan (Scop, 1997; Ali et al., 2000) and contains various compounds particularly terpenes such as thymol and carvacrol which might be responsible for its therapeutic effects (Scop, 1997).
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, Jan 17, 2018
Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family is used traditionally fo... more Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family is used traditionally for culinary and medicinal purposes. Different pharmacological effects have been described for the plant including; bronchodilation, vasodilation, and effect on lung inflammation. The plant is also used as a remedy against cough in the traditional medicine. In this article, 'pharmacological effects of Z. multiflora and its constituents focusing on their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties were reviewed' by searching various databases until 'June' 2016. The anti-inflammatory effects of the plant such as decreased total white blood cell, neutrophils, and eosinophils counts were demonstrated. The sprotective effects of Z. multiflora on serum levels of phospholipase A2 and total protein were showed. In addition, constituents of the plant, such as flavonoids and carvacrol, also showed anti-inflammatory effects. Z. multiflora also reduced oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and can be used in the therapy of oxidative damage. Decreased level of malondialdehyde and protective effects of Z. multiflora on serum levels of nitric oxide were also shown. Improvement of the serum levels of IgE, reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, TGF-β, and IL-17), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and FOXP3) were shown for Z. multiflora and its constituents, carvacrol and thymol. These results indicated that carvacrol and thymol could be used for treatment of inflammatory diseases as new anti-inflammatory agents. Therefore, Z. multiflora showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects which could be used for treatment of inflammatory and immune dysregulation diseases or disorders associated with increased oxidative stress.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Oct 9, 2021
Translational and clinical pharmacology/Translational & clinical pharmacology, 2024
BMC medical informatics and decision making, Feb 14, 2024
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. T... more Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. This study analyses CAD risk factors using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict CAD. Methods The research data were obtained from a multi-center study, namely the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD). The current study used the medical records of 415 patients with CAD hospitalized in Razi Hospital, Birjand, Iran, between May 2016 and June 2019. A total of 43 variables that affect CAD were selected, and the relevant data was extracted. Once the data were cleaned and normalized, they were imported into SPSS (V26) for analysis. The present study used the ANN technique. Results The study revealed that 48% of the study population had a history of CAD, including 9.4% with premature CAD and 38.8% with CAD. The variables of age, sex, occupation, smoking, opium use, pesticide exposure, anxiety, sexual activity, and high fasting blood sugar were found to be significantly different among the three groups of CAD, premature CAD, and non-CAD individuals. The neural network achieved success with five hidden fitted layers and an accuracy of 81% in non-CAD diagnosis, 79% in premature diagnosis, and 78% in CAD diagnosis. Anxiety, acceptance, eduction and gender were the four most important factors in the ANN model. Conclusions The current study shows that anxiety is a high-prevalence risk factor for CAD in the hospitalized population. There is a need to implement measures to increase awareness about the psychological factors that can be managed in individuals at high risk for future CAD.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Apr 17, 2023
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Sep 10, 2021
Objectives Many diabetes-related complications are caused by oxidative stress. In the current stu... more Objectives Many diabetes-related complications are caused by oxidative stress. In the current study, the protective effect of Cinnamomum cassia against diabetes-induced liver and kidney oxidative stress was evaluated. Methods The male Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly divided into six groups including; control group received 500 µL normal saline orally for 42 days. Diabetes groups received intraperitoneally (i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) as single-dose (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Cinnamon extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) were orally administered to diabetic rats for 42 days. After the experiment period, the animals were anesthetized and the liver and kidney tissues were quickly removed and restored for oxidative stress evaluation. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol content, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, as well as, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in kidney and liver tissue. Results The level of MDA, SOD, and CAT activities increased significantly, while the total thiol content, and NO production were significantly reduced in diabetic animals compared to the control group (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). Treatment with cinnamon extract significantly decreased the MDA level, as well as, SOD and CAT activities in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). In the liver and kidney of cinnamon treated groups, GSH and total thiol contents and NO production were significantly higher than diabetic group (from p<0.05 to p<0.001). Conclusions Cinnamon extract due to its potent antioxidant property could be effective in decrease of diabetes-induced oxidative stress that plays a major role in renal and hepatic complications.
Elsevier eBooks, 2020
Abstract Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus) or saffron is used as an herbal medicine in various disea... more Abstract Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus) or saffron is used as an herbal medicine in various diseases and health problems including amenorrhea, coughs, asthma, as well as cardiovascular and stomach disorders. The relaxant effect of saffron on smooth muscles could be the base of some therapeutic effects of the plant. The plant is rich in carotenoids, and its main components are crocin, safranal, crocetin, and kaempferol. Medline/PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Scholar, Chemical Abstracts, and Biological Abstracts databases were searched using keywords including Crocus sativus, crocetin, saffron, safranal, crocin, relaxant effects, and smooth muscles from 1964 until the end of December 2018. C. sativus (saffron) and its component relaxant effect on smooth muscles of various organs, including blood vessels, trachea, gastrointestinal, and urogenital, have been shown. The effects of saffron stigma and its constituent on systolic blood pressure were also reported. In addition, the possible mechanism of this effects (smooth muscles relaxant) of saffron and its constituent including its effect on beta-adrenergic, muscarinic, and histamine (H1) receptors, as well as their effect on calcium and potassium channels and modulation of nitric oxide pathway, were reported. The aforementioned finding suggested the therapeutic effect of saffron and its constituents on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital disorders because of the relaxant effect of the plant and its constituents on the smooth muscle of the above systems.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Jul 1, 2020
have been shown to play a vital role in survival of neurons and alleviation of PD syptomes. 12,13... more have been shown to play a vital role in survival of neurons and alleviation of PD syptomes. 12,13 Recently, the strong neuro-protective effect of medicinal plants extracts and phytochemicals in reduction of PD signs due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has been heighlited in various studies. 14-16 Phytochemicals such as thymoquinone (TQ), crocin, curcumin and polyphenols have been shown to have cosidarable protective effects on nervous system via moulation oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. 17-20 Therefore, the present review was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants and ingredients on PD. Methods The data narrated in our review were assembled from databases PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar until the end of May 2019. Data consist of animal and clinical researches. Letter to the editors and non-English language articles were not considered. Mucuna pruriens Mucuna pruriens from the Fabaceae family has been used in Indian traditional medicine for curing diseases such as PD (see Figure 1). 21 One of the principal constitutes of this plant is L-dopa. 22 The administration of food endocarp of M. pruriens seeds (5 g/kg) combined with carbidopa (50
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Apr 20, 2020
The effect of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) on serum cytokine, chemokines, and respiratory s... more The effect of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) on serum cytokine, chemokines, and respiratory symptoms in the veterans exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) more than two decades (27-30 years) ago was conducted in 2018. Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (P, mean age (54.40 ± 5.51)) and two treated groups with Z. multiflora extract 5 and 10 mg/kg/day (Z5 and 10; mean age, 58.50 ± 3.60 and 55.18 ± 4.11, respectively). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV 1), and respiratory symptoms including chest wheeze (CW), night wheeze (NW), night cough (NC), and cough and wheeze during exercise (ECW) were assessed at the baseline (phase 0), 1 and 2 months after starting treatment (phase I and II, respectively). The value of FEV 1 was significantly increased in Z10 in phase I and II compared with that in phase 0 (p < 0.01 for both) and in Z5 in phase II compared with phase I and 0 (p < 0.001for both). All respiratory symptoms significantly decreased in Z5 and 10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Serum levels of TNF-α and VEGF were decreased in Z5 and 10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Serum levels of MCP-1 and EGF were decreased in Z10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The percent change of respiratory symptoms, serum levels of cytokines during the treatment period, was significantly improved in the treated groups compared with that in the placebo group. Two months' of treatment with Z. multiflora improved cytokine levels, respiratory symptom, and FEV 1 values in SM-exposed patients.
Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, Aug 30, 2015
Background: In traditional medicine, asafoetida obtained from the roots of different Ferula assaf... more Background: In traditional medicine, asafoetida obtained from the roots of different Ferula assafoetida (F. asafoetida) is used for various therapeutic purposes such as whooping cough, pneumonia and bronchitis in children, as well as asthma. Objectives: In this study, the effect of asafoetida on muscarinic receptors of tracheal smooth muscle, as one possible mechanism responsible for the relaxant effect seen for the plant, was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The effects of three cumulative concentrations of aqueous extract of F. asafoetida (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL), 10 nM atropine, and saline on muscarinic receptors were tested in tracheal smooth muscle samples by performing cumulative concentration response curve to methacholine (a muscarinic receptor agonist) and assessing the shift in concentration response curves due to different concentrations of the extract and atropine. Results: The EC 50 obtained in the presence of higher concentration of the extract muscle was significantly higher compared to saline (P < 0.01). The maximum responses to methacholine in the presence of higher concentration of the extract (10 mg/mL) was significantly lower than that of saline (P < 0.05). The values of CR-1, obtained in the presence of all concentrations of the extract, were significantly lower compared to atropine in the experimental group (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results showed an inhibitory effect for the extract of asafetida on muscarinic receptors of tracheal smooth muscle.
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Context: Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), or saffron, has been used as food additives and spices. I... more Context: Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), or saffron, has been used as food additives and spices. In the traditional medicine of Iran, C. sativus has been used for the treatment of liver disorders, coughs, and as an anti-inflammatory agent for eyes. Objective: The current study reviewed the possible therapeutic effects of C. sativus stigma and its petal flavonoid (kaempferol) on respiratory disorders with several mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, and smooth muscle relaxant effects. Materials and methods: This review article searched databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, up to November 2019. The keywords including; 'Crocus sativus', 'saffron', 'kaempferol', 'airway inflammation', and 'smooth muscle relaxant' were searched. Results: C. sativus reduced nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. Saffron and kaempferol reduced white blood cells (WBCs) and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, saffron reduced tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin on tracheal smooth muscles. In addition, kaempferol reduced the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts similar to the effect of dexamethasone and also showed relaxant effects on smooth muscle. Discussion and conclusion: Crocus sativus and its petal flavonoid, kaempferol, showed relatively potent therapeutic effects on respiratory disorders by relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory or blocking effects on b-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptors, respectively. Saffron and kaempferol also decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in respiratory systems.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Feb 1, 2020
Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and has several traditional us... more Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and has several traditional uses owing to its antiseptic, aesthetic, antispasmodic, analgesic, and antidiarrheal properties. Aim of the study: We aimed to investigate the effect of Z. multiflora on serum cytokine levels and pulmonary function tests (PFT) in patients exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) for a long term (27-30 years). Materials and methods: Thirty-five patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (P) and two experimental groups treated with Z. multiflora extracts, i.e., 5 and 10 mg/kg/day (Z5 and Z10). Serum levels of cytokines including IL (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) and IFN-γ as well as PFT indices such as maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and maximum expiratory flow at 25, 50, and 75% of vital capacity (VC) (MEF25, 50, and 75) were assessed at the beginning (phase 0) and at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (phases I and II, respectively) after starting the treatment. Results: Serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly decreased, while serum levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the Z5 and Z10 treatment groups in phases I and II as compared to those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). MMEF and MEF25, 50, and 75 values were significantly increased in the Z5 group in phase II and in the Z10 group in phases I and II compared to those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The percent change in serum cytokine levels and the change in MEF25, 50, and 75 during the two-month treatment period were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the placebo group. Conclusions: Two months of treatment with Z. multiflora reduced inflammation, while it enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved PFT indices in SM-exposed patients.
Human & Experimental Toxicology, Jan 23, 2020
Introduction: Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. N.... more Introduction: Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. N. oleander is distributed originally in subtropical Asia but is now growing in many parts of the world, such as the United States, Australia, China, and Middle East countries. Pharmacological effects of plant including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity were reported, but the potential toxic effects of all parts of the shrub either fresh or dried on animal and human body were documented. Method: The data of this review article were obtained from Medline/Pubmed, Scopusand Google Scholar databases in English until September 2019. To include all publications in this field, keywords such as N. oleander and toxicity were used. Results: The poisoning effects of plant or their active alkaloids induced infiltration of cells with hemorrhage and sever negative changes in the lung, induce lesions, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the portal spaces with scattered necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver, cardiac toxicity of the plant in the heart were included, induced varying degrees of hemorrhage, myocardial degeneration, and necrosis. It also induced arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, and prolonged P-R interval in electrocardiographic records. Conclusions: The toxic effects of N. oleander are mostly related to its inhibitory effects on the Na+-K+ ATPase pump in the cellular membrane. However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in the toxicity of N. oleander is not clear.
Neural Regeneration Research, 2020
Green tea catechins inhibit microglial activation which prevents the development of neurological ... more Green tea catechins inhibit microglial activation which prevents the development of neurological disorders Bachiller et al., 2018). Additionally, catechins have a neuroprotective impact on neuronal and microglial cells through suppressing the PI3k/Ak, iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heat shock protein 60/heat shock factor-1 expression
Journal of Toxicology, 2015
Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is an annual plant and widely used as medicinal plant throughout the w... more Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is an annual plant and widely used as medicinal plant throughout the world. The seeds of the plant have been used traditionally in various disorders and as a spice to ranges of Persian foods. N. sativa has therapeutic effects on tracheal responsiveness (TR) and lung inflammation on induced toxicity by Sulfur mustard. N. sativa has been widely used in treatment of various nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, and neurotoxicity. Most of the therapeutic properties of this plant are due to the presence of some phenolic compounds especially thymoquinone (TQ), which is major bioactive component of the essential oil. The present review is an effort to provide a comprehensive study of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant on induced neurotoxicity.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Jul 1, 2020
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by typical sy... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by typical symptoms including gradual progressive muscle rigidity, tremor and loss of motor skills. Although there is no definitive cure for PD, the extract of some medicinal plants and their ingredients have been suggested to relieve its symptoms and to prevent disability in patients. This review is focused on therapeutic effects of some medicinal plants and their ingredients on PD. The findings presented in this review were collected from experimental and clinical studies in databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar until the end of May 2019. The keywords "neurtoxicity" or "Parkinson's disease" or "neuroprotective" and "Medicinal plants" and "Flavonoids" were searched. Based on the results of animal and clinical studies, the extract of medicinal plants and their components which are discussed in this review have neuro-protective effects against PD. These protective properties mainly are mediated through inhibition of dopamine metabolizing enzymes, reduction oxidant markers, increase of antioxidant agents and suppression of neuro-inflammation.
Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology, May 27, 2015
Current Nutrition & Food Science, Sep 3, 2015
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2017
Zataria multiflora changes cytokines gene expression in sensitized splenocytes Zataria multiflora... more Zataria multiflora changes cytokines gene expression in sensitized splenocytes Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) is a perennial plant which grows in Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan (Scop, 1997; Ali et al., 2000) and contains various compounds particularly terpenes such as thymol and carvacrol which might be responsible for its therapeutic effects (Scop, 1997).
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, Jan 17, 2018
Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family is used traditionally fo... more Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family is used traditionally for culinary and medicinal purposes. Different pharmacological effects have been described for the plant including; bronchodilation, vasodilation, and effect on lung inflammation. The plant is also used as a remedy against cough in the traditional medicine. In this article, 'pharmacological effects of Z. multiflora and its constituents focusing on their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties were reviewed' by searching various databases until 'June' 2016. The anti-inflammatory effects of the plant such as decreased total white blood cell, neutrophils, and eosinophils counts were demonstrated. The sprotective effects of Z. multiflora on serum levels of phospholipase A2 and total protein were showed. In addition, constituents of the plant, such as flavonoids and carvacrol, also showed anti-inflammatory effects. Z. multiflora also reduced oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and can be used in the therapy of oxidative damage. Decreased level of malondialdehyde and protective effects of Z. multiflora on serum levels of nitric oxide were also shown. Improvement of the serum levels of IgE, reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, TGF-β, and IL-17), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and FOXP3) were shown for Z. multiflora and its constituents, carvacrol and thymol. These results indicated that carvacrol and thymol could be used for treatment of inflammatory diseases as new anti-inflammatory agents. Therefore, Z. multiflora showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects which could be used for treatment of inflammatory and immune dysregulation diseases or disorders associated with increased oxidative stress.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Oct 9, 2021