Michael Armand P . Canilao | National Museum of the Philippines (original) (raw)
Papers by Michael Armand P . Canilao
The article utilizes primary, classic sociology and anthropology even history theories (Malinowsk... more The article utilizes primary, classic sociology and anthropology even history theories (Malinowski, Weber, Toynbee). Perhaps also (when time permits) attempt to trace the academic discussions that followed these early theories (secondary sources that critique and also "revitalize" them so to speak). Include more in-text citation in some parts that are continuous sentence narratives-some may need to be anchored to relevant sources. Consider Pela Gandong as IKSP Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices also. In this light the revitalization is towards the original worldview before external influences (colonization, christianization).
Qeios (Preprint), 2023
Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/TPD85Q The paper will present a macroscale base... more Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/TPD85Q
The paper will present a macroscale baseline model of possible ancient trails connecting Jabonga-Kitcharao and Placer to the Balangay sites in Butuan utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) analysis of digital elevation models (DEM). The paper also taps into available natural band combinations and infrared band combination imageries to further provide the mesoscale context of the sites. This baseline data may be used in a secondary analysis that will involve tapping on a multiscalar method that will utilize enhanced macro scale satellite data, mesoscale and microscale remotely piloted aerial systems (RPAS) data, and ground-truthed data.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/4D58V5.3 In dealing with treatment regimes for ... more Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/4D58V5.3
In dealing with treatment regimes for planetary health, a more nuanced approach to isolate the dialectics of naturehumanized and humans-naturalized may be possible by looking at case studies and areas of interest where the interregnum in human activities (culture lockdown) may have become an opening for biodiversity recovery. Such a recovery may best be characterized as nature freedom-a true instance of freedom in the Anthropocene. As quaternary consumers, the Kali or Brahminy kite serves as a beacon, signaling areas with intact biodiversity pyramids. The presence or absence may be a cue to the state of illegal wildlife trade and habitat loss in an area. The paper will present Kali or Brahminy kite observations logged using consumer off-the-shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) and compare this data with easing COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions in La Union Province in the Philippines. As our communities transition to the new normal that looks a lot like the old normal, subordination of nature is once again the gameplay of autonomous humans.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/B15NSF This is a short note/plea to colleagues ... more Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/B15NSF
This is a short note/plea to colleagues in various disciplines to tackle more diverse and interdisciplinary research questions in the face of the Anthropocene and its avalanching havoc on biodiversity and the environment due to human-induced climate change. The contemporary fast-paced world and the field site are rapidly changing and there may be a need to rethink purely archaeological or anthropological fieldwork. There is a compelling need to create interdisciplinary teams that can capture as much data as possible while in the field. Fieldwork by any specialist undoubtedly brings the researcher face to face with facets of the projects that her/his specialization does not encompass. This paper advances the utility of forming interdisciplinary teams with multiscalar toolkits to cater to the dynamics of the field site. This type of project could be undertaken by research universities, research museums, and both government and non-government organizations. The toolkit includes the use of satellites, remotely piloted aerial systems (RPAS), and ground-truthing technologies. The approach promises efficient use of time and resources. This proposal may have further applications in other regions around the world.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/1DPYXD. River deltaic regions feature natural rec... more Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/1DPYXD.
River deltaic regions feature natural reclamation processes that generate mangrove-viable environments. The new sediments that fan out and are reconcentrated by coastal waves become newer land extensions or even river islands and islets that become a spawning ground for mangrove ecosystems. The temporal dimension of these changes is showcased through case studies that tap on multiscalar remote sensing and geographic information systems (RS-GIS) tools (micro, meso, and macro) in studying mangrove ecosystems. In this research note, I provide a contemporary historical record of the sedimentation in three river deltas in Northwestern Luzon: the Bauang/Naguilian, Aringay, and Amburayan Rivers. As a baseline, topographic maps from the NAMRIA 711 series at 1:50000 scale are used dating to aerial photography in the 1960s to 70s. These historical imageries are then contrasted to April 2013 WorldView 2 satellite (Digital Globe Foundation) imagery at 2 meters spatial resolution. The resulting output is a geographic information systems (GIS) shapefile of new sedimentation that has reclaimed part of the sea or even part of the river conduits. This macroscale output was then compared to more macro to meso scalar data taken from a Consumer Off the Shelf Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (COTS-RPAS). Special focus will be given to the mangrove ecosystem that has made these silt accumulations a new home.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/R6VW2N.2\. This short methods note attempts to illu... more Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/R6VW2N.2.
This short methods note attempts to illustrate how various aerial remote sensing platforms can be utilized in carrying out archeological impact assessments (AIA) on spread-out or large-scale project sites. Cascading remote sensing platforms providing multiscalar (macro, meso, and micro) perspectives are presented in conjunction with the complimentary method of stratified random sampling (SRS). The SRS is informed by a predictive model of where to find archeological sites in the Philippines, even in areas where there are no positive features. This methods note offers the AIA archeologist efficient and targeted utilization of limited time and resources following a streamlined workflow process. After carrying out the AIA, further mitigating arrangements can also be undertaken including possible side-byside monitoring of earthmoving activities by archeologists, and possible recommendation for further revalidations of the initial AIA results.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/P1TSEY.2 The paper demonstrates how small, compa... more Visit Qeios site:
https://www.qeios.com/read/P1TSEY.2
The paper demonstrates how small, compact consumer off the shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) with zoom capability is an effective remote sensing platform in observing Brahminy Kites due to its non-intimidating nature, which arguably minimizes disturbance of the kites. The paper through this remote sensing platform was able to document some play, cooperative fishing, behaviors of the raptors as well as a distribution map of sightings within the raptors range utilizing the compact UAS in tandem with Geographic Information Systems. Use of COTS-RPAS opens a new window to avian observational and behavioral studies especially because we are now given horizontal near orthogonal and orthogonal views of the avian species while in flight. Most documentation of birds in flight typically show the underwing and underbody parts but now with the aid of COTS-RPAS we see the upper wing and upper body while in flight.
From Kiln to Kin : the Philippine Ceramic Heritage, 2022
This will be free and accessible online along with other National Museum of the Philippines NMP p... more This will be free and accessible online along with other National Museum of the Philippines NMP publications at the website www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.
From Kiln to Kin: The Philippine Ceramic Heritage / National Museum of the Philippines Texts by Bobby C. Orillaneda, Gregg Alfonso G. Abbang, Sherina E. Aggarao, Mary Jane Louise A. Bolunia, Michael Armand P. Canilao, Maria Lourdes I. Ingel, Ana Maria Theresa P. Labrador, Jessica T. Marquinez, Rachelle Anne Geline P. Ureta, and Camille Ann C. Valencia. Filipino translations by Reann Clarisse A. Robes, Marrianne F. Ubalde, Allan S. Alvarez, and Ronnie G. Portugal. Copy edited by Erlyn Ruth E. Alcantara, Jane Maren M. Dasal, with the NMP Ethnology Division and Exhibition, Editorial, and Media Production Services Division.
Layout by Ericka Mae G. Reyes and Reuben Ryan L. Tadina. Unless otherwise indicated, photographs by National Museum of the Philippines. Maps by Ma. Yohana R. Frias and Ericka Mae G. Reyes.
paper presents the preliminary assessment arising out of a survey of Pandan Site (NM Site Code I-... more paper presents the preliminary assessment arising out of a survey of Pandan Site (NM Site Code I- 2011-I1) 4 , a maritime site featuring an abandoned traditional Biray vessel located along the Mestizo River in Caoayan, Ilocos Sur, Northwest Luzon. The site position is perpendicular to the West Philippine Sea (formerly South China Sea) and lies under an abandoned Abra Delta. It is considered as an inland and coastal boat. The structural remains of the vessel have a length of 18 meters (m) and a width of 5m. It is visible during low tide and is characterized by flat hull with ribs, pointed bow and stern. Initial investigation did not observe any evidence of a keel. Based on local oral histories, the boat may be between 80 to 150 years old. The role of this traditional vessel is re-examined in the Northern Luzon trade network extending as far south as Manila to as far North as the Babuyan Channel. An integral part of this research is the re- evaluation of Biray and its cargo that trace...
The dissertation provides a “bottom up” view of culturally- contingent, historically- situated en... more The dissertation provides a “bottom up” view of culturally- contingent, historically- situated engagement by local Northwestern Luzon island gold miners and traders as a local point of entry into an Indian Ocean - South China Sea (IO-SCS) trade emporium. The dissertation shows how Northwestern Luzon Igorot societies negotiated their peripherality in the expansive porcelain-for-gold exchange system that was creeping into their shores. The research looks at how the Igorot miners practiced their agency through their participation in tabu-tabuans or “evanescent market encounter” at the coastal trading centers. The thesis also explored the role utang na loob or “debt from inside” in the receding agentive positioning of these Igorot gold producers. Five gold trade networks in the Northwestern flank of Luzon Island in the Philippines present varying degrees of commitment to the IO-SCS trade emporium during the Early Historical to Historical period. Some of the networks feature a more evane...
Using the Least Cost Path method in raster GIS analysis, a predictive model was created to estima... more Using the Least Cost Path method in raster GIS analysis, a predictive model was created to estimate the location of an ancient gold trail connecting the Balatok/ Acupan mines with Tonglo gold bulking center and Aringay coastal settlement within Benguet and La Union Provinces. To derive the model, ASTER global digital elevation model was used in tandem with WorldView2 multispectral and high resolution imagery. The paper shows that GIS and Remote Sensing methods immensely aid in delimiting the research study area in the search for trails thereby resulting to efficient targeting of time and resources for second order excavations. RESEARCH NOTE
Using the Weight of Evidence method in the analysis of geographic patterns, this paper sought to ... more Using the Weight of Evidence method in the analysis of geographic patterns, this paper sought to identify areas with high probability for being ancient settlement locations of smallscale subsistence gold miners in Benguet Province of Northwestern Luzon between the 16th to the 18th centuries. The training points used in this project include 24 known ancient village locations that are based on Spanish missionary accounts in the 18th century. The evidential themes that were used include: 1) distance from gold placer mines, 2) Slope class, and 3) Land-use class. Incidentally, the distance to placer mines is the same as distance to fresh water source for habitation purposes. The resulting response theme or unique conditions map shows areas that may potentially contain archaeological sites. The final map shows areas where there is a high probability of encountering an archaeological site.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
The paper shows the utility of high resolution multispectral WorldView2 (WV2) satellite imagery i... more The paper shows the utility of high resolution multispectral WorldView2 (WV2) satellite imagery in remote sensing archaeological features associated to the gold evanescent market encounter within the Gasweling network in Northwester Luzon. Image enhancement of the features was done through the Brovey transform (Panchal and Thakker, 2015) pan-sharpening technique and data fusion (Kvamme, 2006) of WorldView2 indices. These features include Ijang / Ili or hill fort defenses as well as trail segments. In delineating the area with potential archaeological features, a close reading of conquistador accounts of Juan de Salcedo in 1572 and Alonso Quirante in 1624 was performed. Also geographic information systems (GIS) least coast path predictive modelling as well as visibility analysis was implemented in order to model the evanescent market (Allegre, 1998) encounter that took place at the coastal settlements.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018
This paper is based on a case study of the Angaqui gold trade network in Northwestern Luzon durin... more This paper is based on a case study of the Angaqui gold trade network in Northwestern Luzon during the Early Historical to Historical Period (10th to early 20th c). Multiple data sources including GIS predictive modelling and remote sensing through high-resolution and multispectral WorldView2 satellite imagery, written primary historical and secondary historical sources, indigenous peoples oral tradition, and results of systematic archaeological survey and excavation were integrated in the research to come close to a wholistic view. Availability of the satellite imagery facilitates a more regional and multi-scalar approach to archaeology of the region. Remote sensing has revealed segments of old trails within the network. The written and oral tradition both complement each other when correlated with available archaeological data. Availability of historical visual documentation also provides a means to reconstructing the gold evanescent market encounter in Northwestern Luzon.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2021
Abstract Archaeological works have tended to privilege the processes behind the rise and fall of ... more Abstract Archaeological works have tended to privilege the processes behind the rise and fall of ancient culture- centers (as defined by Wallerstein 2004 in World Systems Theory) while some have attempted to integrate more data on the changes that take place in strategic nodes or peripheries that ‘feed’ into these centers (Junker and Smith, 2017; Hendrickson et al., 2013). This paper tackles how social-historical transformations may have become an impetus in the waxing and waning of gateway/ gatekeeper locations using transport geography perspective. At the center of the case study are two strategic island nodes connecting to the main Island of Luzon- – Calayan and Lubang group. The paper attempts to demonstrate that due to social-historical factors specifically evolving trade, colonial assimilation, and technological diffusion, these key players have eventually taken a backseat in the transportation and communication network in this crucial passage to Island Southeast Asia. The crux of the argument lies on probative evidence that these islands possibly supported more inhabitants before the Spanish Contact period in the 16th c, using boat shaped burial complexes and ijang (garrison) complexes as proxy indicators. Aided by geomatics and remote sensing and geographic information systems (RS-GIS) algorithms including maximum likelihood classification, band maths as well as principal component analysis, the paper emphasizes the density of possible archaeological sites in both island locales as the proxy indicator to the pre-Contact period populations. The paper argues that the introduction of blue water maritime vessels with the opening of the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade (Wu, 2019; Dizon, 2004; Dizon, 2003; Schurz, 1985 on the Manila Galleon) contributed to the waning of the strategic importance of these island nodes with the final straw being the Spanish colonial administrations’ policy of depopulating these smaller islands and relocating them to their colonial- panoptic landscapes in Luzon. The role of the prevailing market situation as dictated by rapidly evolving scales of transactions from evanescent to more permanent markets (Canilao, 2020) may have also contributed to the emergent new status quo in these isles of passage.
GeoJournal, 2018
The paper revisits the notion of openness or passive receptiveness of Island Southeast Asia to tr... more The paper revisits the notion of openness or passive receptiveness of Island Southeast Asia to trading and raiding in light of historical geographic data on the northern Philippines that indicate the presence of garrison or ijang complexes that were equipped with prepositioned cannons or lantakas that operated in tandem with an early warning system facilitated by indigenous fast craft vessels. The paper utilizes primary and secondary sixteenth-century historical records with information about the potential location of these Ijangs with lantakas in some cases using incidental intelligence. Some examples are also provided wherein Ijangs in subsequent centuries when the archipelago became a colony started to be reconfigured as fortified Churches oriented towards defense from attacks originating not only from the sea but also from the mountain interiors. Remote Sensing was done using data from high resolution WorldView3 and WorldView2 satellites (DigitalGlobe Foundation) as well as ArcGIS Online World Imagery (Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community). Keywords Historical geography Á Spanish contact Philippines Á Ijangs Á Historical archaeology Á Remote sensing Á Lantakas Introduction 1 Traditional Southeast Asian geography has tended to swing towards the ecological school (anthropogeography) (Haggett 1966: 12), which looked at how geography interacts, or at its extreme, influences culture. The role of water and its association to openness is one example of this traditional ecological approach. The argument is that Southeast Asia is 'open' as afforded by the rivers, seas and oceans of the region (see discussions in Boomgard 2007). Furthermore, it is argued that in the context of archipelagic seaborne trade, 'openness' along with diversity are defining characteristics of Southeast Asia (Reid 1993: 3). The suggestion of openness, implies a putative passive-receptiveness of the people as they succumb to trade as well as militaristic raids. In a similar vein,
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018
Historical to Historical Period (10th to Early 20th c) which encompasses areas of Ilocos Sur as w... more Historical to Historical Period (10th to Early 20th c) which encompasses areas of Ilocos Sur as well as the whole province of Abra. It is argued that this particular network features the migration by coastal peoples to the interior in order to fully control strategic "choke" points in the gold trade with the Lepanto and Angaqui networks as well as to control jump-off points to the leeward side of the Cordillera Mountainsthe Cagayan valley. Analysis was done using data from GIS predictive modelling and WorldView3 satellite remote sensing, in conjunction with archaeological data from 2011 and 2012 field seasons as well as published primary and secondary ethnohistorical data. Several Spanish period maps provided important data on early settlements and trails, after georeferencing through GIS software. 1.1. Seaborne trade Dizon (2004: 1) has argued that trade and culture contact between the Philippine archipelago and the Southeast Asian neighboring countries including China, Japan, India, and other Arabian nations started 9th to 10th c and intensified between 12th to 15th c. Products including interior raw materials notably gold was bartered as a means towards accumulating exotic prestige goods (see Junker, 1999 on Philippine prestige goods) especially trade ceramics, and trade beads among others. Interestingly, Berthold Laufer who analyzed the Abra trade ceramic data of Fay-Cooper Cole argues for dates as early as Sung dynasty (10th to 13th c) (Laufer in Cole 1922: 17). According to Morga, Vigan is one of the major port locations in Luzon, On the coasts of Pangasinan, Ylocos, and Cagayan there are some ports and bars, where ships can enter and remain, such as the harbor in Marihuma, the port El frayle, that of Bolinao, the bar of Pangasinan, that of [V]igan, the bar of Camalayuga, at the mouth of
GeoJournal, 2019
Historical geography Á Social network analysis Á Remote sensing Á Geographic information systems ... more Historical geography Á Social network analysis Á Remote sensing Á Geographic information systems Á Historical archaeology Á Island Southeast Asia Á WorldView-3 satellite imagery The Abra Gold Trade Network An elaborate gold culture was already locally developed in the Philippine archipelago beginning in the 10th c (Miksic 2011a, b), interlinked to a maritime trade network that span the South China Sea (SCS) with further connections to the Indian Ocean (Chaudhuri 2014). Studies of the gold trade however have tended to focus on global-scale and often homogenous patterns and processes in the fields of both archaeology, history, and geography (Hall et al. 2010; Stein
The article utilizes primary, classic sociology and anthropology even history theories (Malinowsk... more The article utilizes primary, classic sociology and anthropology even history theories (Malinowski, Weber, Toynbee). Perhaps also (when time permits) attempt to trace the academic discussions that followed these early theories (secondary sources that critique and also "revitalize" them so to speak). Include more in-text citation in some parts that are continuous sentence narratives-some may need to be anchored to relevant sources. Consider Pela Gandong as IKSP Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices also. In this light the revitalization is towards the original worldview before external influences (colonization, christianization).
Qeios (Preprint), 2023
Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/TPD85Q The paper will present a macroscale base... more Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/TPD85Q
The paper will present a macroscale baseline model of possible ancient trails connecting Jabonga-Kitcharao and Placer to the Balangay sites in Butuan utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) analysis of digital elevation models (DEM). The paper also taps into available natural band combinations and infrared band combination imageries to further provide the mesoscale context of the sites. This baseline data may be used in a secondary analysis that will involve tapping on a multiscalar method that will utilize enhanced macro scale satellite data, mesoscale and microscale remotely piloted aerial systems (RPAS) data, and ground-truthed data.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/4D58V5.3 In dealing with treatment regimes for ... more Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/4D58V5.3
In dealing with treatment regimes for planetary health, a more nuanced approach to isolate the dialectics of naturehumanized and humans-naturalized may be possible by looking at case studies and areas of interest where the interregnum in human activities (culture lockdown) may have become an opening for biodiversity recovery. Such a recovery may best be characterized as nature freedom-a true instance of freedom in the Anthropocene. As quaternary consumers, the Kali or Brahminy kite serves as a beacon, signaling areas with intact biodiversity pyramids. The presence or absence may be a cue to the state of illegal wildlife trade and habitat loss in an area. The paper will present Kali or Brahminy kite observations logged using consumer off-the-shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) and compare this data with easing COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions in La Union Province in the Philippines. As our communities transition to the new normal that looks a lot like the old normal, subordination of nature is once again the gameplay of autonomous humans.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/B15NSF This is a short note/plea to colleagues ... more Visit the Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/B15NSF
This is a short note/plea to colleagues in various disciplines to tackle more diverse and interdisciplinary research questions in the face of the Anthropocene and its avalanching havoc on biodiversity and the environment due to human-induced climate change. The contemporary fast-paced world and the field site are rapidly changing and there may be a need to rethink purely archaeological or anthropological fieldwork. There is a compelling need to create interdisciplinary teams that can capture as much data as possible while in the field. Fieldwork by any specialist undoubtedly brings the researcher face to face with facets of the projects that her/his specialization does not encompass. This paper advances the utility of forming interdisciplinary teams with multiscalar toolkits to cater to the dynamics of the field site. This type of project could be undertaken by research universities, research museums, and both government and non-government organizations. The toolkit includes the use of satellites, remotely piloted aerial systems (RPAS), and ground-truthing technologies. The approach promises efficient use of time and resources. This proposal may have further applications in other regions around the world.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/1DPYXD. River deltaic regions feature natural rec... more Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/1DPYXD.
River deltaic regions feature natural reclamation processes that generate mangrove-viable environments. The new sediments that fan out and are reconcentrated by coastal waves become newer land extensions or even river islands and islets that become a spawning ground for mangrove ecosystems. The temporal dimension of these changes is showcased through case studies that tap on multiscalar remote sensing and geographic information systems (RS-GIS) tools (micro, meso, and macro) in studying mangrove ecosystems. In this research note, I provide a contemporary historical record of the sedimentation in three river deltas in Northwestern Luzon: the Bauang/Naguilian, Aringay, and Amburayan Rivers. As a baseline, topographic maps from the NAMRIA 711 series at 1:50000 scale are used dating to aerial photography in the 1960s to 70s. These historical imageries are then contrasted to April 2013 WorldView 2 satellite (Digital Globe Foundation) imagery at 2 meters spatial resolution. The resulting output is a geographic information systems (GIS) shapefile of new sedimentation that has reclaimed part of the sea or even part of the river conduits. This macroscale output was then compared to more macro to meso scalar data taken from a Consumer Off the Shelf Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (COTS-RPAS). Special focus will be given to the mangrove ecosystem that has made these silt accumulations a new home.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/R6VW2N.2\. This short methods note attempts to illu... more Visit Qeios Site https://www.qeios.com/read/R6VW2N.2.
This short methods note attempts to illustrate how various aerial remote sensing platforms can be utilized in carrying out archeological impact assessments (AIA) on spread-out or large-scale project sites. Cascading remote sensing platforms providing multiscalar (macro, meso, and micro) perspectives are presented in conjunction with the complimentary method of stratified random sampling (SRS). The SRS is informed by a predictive model of where to find archeological sites in the Philippines, even in areas where there are no positive features. This methods note offers the AIA archeologist efficient and targeted utilization of limited time and resources following a streamlined workflow process. After carrying out the AIA, further mitigating arrangements can also be undertaken including possible side-byside monitoring of earthmoving activities by archeologists, and possible recommendation for further revalidations of the initial AIA results.
Qeios, CC-BY 4.0, 2023
Visit Qeios site: https://www.qeios.com/read/P1TSEY.2 The paper demonstrates how small, compa... more Visit Qeios site:
https://www.qeios.com/read/P1TSEY.2
The paper demonstrates how small, compact consumer off the shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) with zoom capability is an effective remote sensing platform in observing Brahminy Kites due to its non-intimidating nature, which arguably minimizes disturbance of the kites. The paper through this remote sensing platform was able to document some play, cooperative fishing, behaviors of the raptors as well as a distribution map of sightings within the raptors range utilizing the compact UAS in tandem with Geographic Information Systems. Use of COTS-RPAS opens a new window to avian observational and behavioral studies especially because we are now given horizontal near orthogonal and orthogonal views of the avian species while in flight. Most documentation of birds in flight typically show the underwing and underbody parts but now with the aid of COTS-RPAS we see the upper wing and upper body while in flight.
From Kiln to Kin : the Philippine Ceramic Heritage, 2022
This will be free and accessible online along with other National Museum of the Philippines NMP p... more This will be free and accessible online along with other National Museum of the Philippines NMP publications at the website www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.
From Kiln to Kin: The Philippine Ceramic Heritage / National Museum of the Philippines Texts by Bobby C. Orillaneda, Gregg Alfonso G. Abbang, Sherina E. Aggarao, Mary Jane Louise A. Bolunia, Michael Armand P. Canilao, Maria Lourdes I. Ingel, Ana Maria Theresa P. Labrador, Jessica T. Marquinez, Rachelle Anne Geline P. Ureta, and Camille Ann C. Valencia. Filipino translations by Reann Clarisse A. Robes, Marrianne F. Ubalde, Allan S. Alvarez, and Ronnie G. Portugal. Copy edited by Erlyn Ruth E. Alcantara, Jane Maren M. Dasal, with the NMP Ethnology Division and Exhibition, Editorial, and Media Production Services Division.
Layout by Ericka Mae G. Reyes and Reuben Ryan L. Tadina. Unless otherwise indicated, photographs by National Museum of the Philippines. Maps by Ma. Yohana R. Frias and Ericka Mae G. Reyes.
paper presents the preliminary assessment arising out of a survey of Pandan Site (NM Site Code I-... more paper presents the preliminary assessment arising out of a survey of Pandan Site (NM Site Code I- 2011-I1) 4 , a maritime site featuring an abandoned traditional Biray vessel located along the Mestizo River in Caoayan, Ilocos Sur, Northwest Luzon. The site position is perpendicular to the West Philippine Sea (formerly South China Sea) and lies under an abandoned Abra Delta. It is considered as an inland and coastal boat. The structural remains of the vessel have a length of 18 meters (m) and a width of 5m. It is visible during low tide and is characterized by flat hull with ribs, pointed bow and stern. Initial investigation did not observe any evidence of a keel. Based on local oral histories, the boat may be between 80 to 150 years old. The role of this traditional vessel is re-examined in the Northern Luzon trade network extending as far south as Manila to as far North as the Babuyan Channel. An integral part of this research is the re- evaluation of Biray and its cargo that trace...
The dissertation provides a “bottom up” view of culturally- contingent, historically- situated en... more The dissertation provides a “bottom up” view of culturally- contingent, historically- situated engagement by local Northwestern Luzon island gold miners and traders as a local point of entry into an Indian Ocean - South China Sea (IO-SCS) trade emporium. The dissertation shows how Northwestern Luzon Igorot societies negotiated their peripherality in the expansive porcelain-for-gold exchange system that was creeping into their shores. The research looks at how the Igorot miners practiced their agency through their participation in tabu-tabuans or “evanescent market encounter” at the coastal trading centers. The thesis also explored the role utang na loob or “debt from inside” in the receding agentive positioning of these Igorot gold producers. Five gold trade networks in the Northwestern flank of Luzon Island in the Philippines present varying degrees of commitment to the IO-SCS trade emporium during the Early Historical to Historical period. Some of the networks feature a more evane...
Using the Least Cost Path method in raster GIS analysis, a predictive model was created to estima... more Using the Least Cost Path method in raster GIS analysis, a predictive model was created to estimate the location of an ancient gold trail connecting the Balatok/ Acupan mines with Tonglo gold bulking center and Aringay coastal settlement within Benguet and La Union Provinces. To derive the model, ASTER global digital elevation model was used in tandem with WorldView2 multispectral and high resolution imagery. The paper shows that GIS and Remote Sensing methods immensely aid in delimiting the research study area in the search for trails thereby resulting to efficient targeting of time and resources for second order excavations. RESEARCH NOTE
Using the Weight of Evidence method in the analysis of geographic patterns, this paper sought to ... more Using the Weight of Evidence method in the analysis of geographic patterns, this paper sought to identify areas with high probability for being ancient settlement locations of smallscale subsistence gold miners in Benguet Province of Northwestern Luzon between the 16th to the 18th centuries. The training points used in this project include 24 known ancient village locations that are based on Spanish missionary accounts in the 18th century. The evidential themes that were used include: 1) distance from gold placer mines, 2) Slope class, and 3) Land-use class. Incidentally, the distance to placer mines is the same as distance to fresh water source for habitation purposes. The resulting response theme or unique conditions map shows areas that may potentially contain archaeological sites. The final map shows areas where there is a high probability of encountering an archaeological site.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
The paper shows the utility of high resolution multispectral WorldView2 (WV2) satellite imagery i... more The paper shows the utility of high resolution multispectral WorldView2 (WV2) satellite imagery in remote sensing archaeological features associated to the gold evanescent market encounter within the Gasweling network in Northwester Luzon. Image enhancement of the features was done through the Brovey transform (Panchal and Thakker, 2015) pan-sharpening technique and data fusion (Kvamme, 2006) of WorldView2 indices. These features include Ijang / Ili or hill fort defenses as well as trail segments. In delineating the area with potential archaeological features, a close reading of conquistador accounts of Juan de Salcedo in 1572 and Alonso Quirante in 1624 was performed. Also geographic information systems (GIS) least coast path predictive modelling as well as visibility analysis was implemented in order to model the evanescent market (Allegre, 1998) encounter that took place at the coastal settlements.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018
This paper is based on a case study of the Angaqui gold trade network in Northwestern Luzon durin... more This paper is based on a case study of the Angaqui gold trade network in Northwestern Luzon during the Early Historical to Historical Period (10th to early 20th c). Multiple data sources including GIS predictive modelling and remote sensing through high-resolution and multispectral WorldView2 satellite imagery, written primary historical and secondary historical sources, indigenous peoples oral tradition, and results of systematic archaeological survey and excavation were integrated in the research to come close to a wholistic view. Availability of the satellite imagery facilitates a more regional and multi-scalar approach to archaeology of the region. Remote sensing has revealed segments of old trails within the network. The written and oral tradition both complement each other when correlated with available archaeological data. Availability of historical visual documentation also provides a means to reconstructing the gold evanescent market encounter in Northwestern Luzon.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2021
Abstract Archaeological works have tended to privilege the processes behind the rise and fall of ... more Abstract Archaeological works have tended to privilege the processes behind the rise and fall of ancient culture- centers (as defined by Wallerstein 2004 in World Systems Theory) while some have attempted to integrate more data on the changes that take place in strategic nodes or peripheries that ‘feed’ into these centers (Junker and Smith, 2017; Hendrickson et al., 2013). This paper tackles how social-historical transformations may have become an impetus in the waxing and waning of gateway/ gatekeeper locations using transport geography perspective. At the center of the case study are two strategic island nodes connecting to the main Island of Luzon- – Calayan and Lubang group. The paper attempts to demonstrate that due to social-historical factors specifically evolving trade, colonial assimilation, and technological diffusion, these key players have eventually taken a backseat in the transportation and communication network in this crucial passage to Island Southeast Asia. The crux of the argument lies on probative evidence that these islands possibly supported more inhabitants before the Spanish Contact period in the 16th c, using boat shaped burial complexes and ijang (garrison) complexes as proxy indicators. Aided by geomatics and remote sensing and geographic information systems (RS-GIS) algorithms including maximum likelihood classification, band maths as well as principal component analysis, the paper emphasizes the density of possible archaeological sites in both island locales as the proxy indicator to the pre-Contact period populations. The paper argues that the introduction of blue water maritime vessels with the opening of the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade (Wu, 2019; Dizon, 2004; Dizon, 2003; Schurz, 1985 on the Manila Galleon) contributed to the waning of the strategic importance of these island nodes with the final straw being the Spanish colonial administrations’ policy of depopulating these smaller islands and relocating them to their colonial- panoptic landscapes in Luzon. The role of the prevailing market situation as dictated by rapidly evolving scales of transactions from evanescent to more permanent markets (Canilao, 2020) may have also contributed to the emergent new status quo in these isles of passage.
GeoJournal, 2018
The paper revisits the notion of openness or passive receptiveness of Island Southeast Asia to tr... more The paper revisits the notion of openness or passive receptiveness of Island Southeast Asia to trading and raiding in light of historical geographic data on the northern Philippines that indicate the presence of garrison or ijang complexes that were equipped with prepositioned cannons or lantakas that operated in tandem with an early warning system facilitated by indigenous fast craft vessels. The paper utilizes primary and secondary sixteenth-century historical records with information about the potential location of these Ijangs with lantakas in some cases using incidental intelligence. Some examples are also provided wherein Ijangs in subsequent centuries when the archipelago became a colony started to be reconfigured as fortified Churches oriented towards defense from attacks originating not only from the sea but also from the mountain interiors. Remote Sensing was done using data from high resolution WorldView3 and WorldView2 satellites (DigitalGlobe Foundation) as well as ArcGIS Online World Imagery (Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community). Keywords Historical geography Á Spanish contact Philippines Á Ijangs Á Historical archaeology Á Remote sensing Á Lantakas Introduction 1 Traditional Southeast Asian geography has tended to swing towards the ecological school (anthropogeography) (Haggett 1966: 12), which looked at how geography interacts, or at its extreme, influences culture. The role of water and its association to openness is one example of this traditional ecological approach. The argument is that Southeast Asia is 'open' as afforded by the rivers, seas and oceans of the region (see discussions in Boomgard 2007). Furthermore, it is argued that in the context of archipelagic seaborne trade, 'openness' along with diversity are defining characteristics of Southeast Asia (Reid 1993: 3). The suggestion of openness, implies a putative passive-receptiveness of the people as they succumb to trade as well as militaristic raids. In a similar vein,
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018
Historical to Historical Period (10th to Early 20th c) which encompasses areas of Ilocos Sur as w... more Historical to Historical Period (10th to Early 20th c) which encompasses areas of Ilocos Sur as well as the whole province of Abra. It is argued that this particular network features the migration by coastal peoples to the interior in order to fully control strategic "choke" points in the gold trade with the Lepanto and Angaqui networks as well as to control jump-off points to the leeward side of the Cordillera Mountainsthe Cagayan valley. Analysis was done using data from GIS predictive modelling and WorldView3 satellite remote sensing, in conjunction with archaeological data from 2011 and 2012 field seasons as well as published primary and secondary ethnohistorical data. Several Spanish period maps provided important data on early settlements and trails, after georeferencing through GIS software. 1.1. Seaborne trade Dizon (2004: 1) has argued that trade and culture contact between the Philippine archipelago and the Southeast Asian neighboring countries including China, Japan, India, and other Arabian nations started 9th to 10th c and intensified between 12th to 15th c. Products including interior raw materials notably gold was bartered as a means towards accumulating exotic prestige goods (see Junker, 1999 on Philippine prestige goods) especially trade ceramics, and trade beads among others. Interestingly, Berthold Laufer who analyzed the Abra trade ceramic data of Fay-Cooper Cole argues for dates as early as Sung dynasty (10th to 13th c) (Laufer in Cole 1922: 17). According to Morga, Vigan is one of the major port locations in Luzon, On the coasts of Pangasinan, Ylocos, and Cagayan there are some ports and bars, where ships can enter and remain, such as the harbor in Marihuma, the port El frayle, that of Bolinao, the bar of Pangasinan, that of [V]igan, the bar of Camalayuga, at the mouth of
GeoJournal, 2019
Historical geography Á Social network analysis Á Remote sensing Á Geographic information systems ... more Historical geography Á Social network analysis Á Remote sensing Á Geographic information systems Á Historical archaeology Á Island Southeast Asia Á WorldView-3 satellite imagery The Abra Gold Trade Network An elaborate gold culture was already locally developed in the Philippine archipelago beginning in the 10th c (Miksic 2011a, b), interlinked to a maritime trade network that span the South China Sea (SCS) with further connections to the Indian Ocean (Chaudhuri 2014). Studies of the gold trade however have tended to focus on global-scale and often homogenous patterns and processes in the fields of both archaeology, history, and geography (Hall et al. 2010; Stein
Session 3: PLENARY PRESENTATION "Deep Dives into Existing Initiatives on Responsible Mining" “Bot... more Session 3: PLENARY PRESENTATION
"Deep Dives into Existing Initiatives on Responsible Mining"
“Bottom up” View of Culturally-contingent, Historically-situated Engagement by Local Northwestern Luzon Gold Miners and Traders
DR. MICHAEL ARMAND CANILAO
This lecture discusses how GIS (geographic information systems) and satellite remote sensing can ... more This lecture discusses how GIS (geographic information systems) and satellite remote sensing can contribute to the analysis of gold trade trails and settlements in the Northern Luzon Cordillera and its adjacent coastline during the Early Historical and Historical Period (10th to 20th c). The GIS analysis entailed producing predictive models and suitability models that were compared to various ethnohistorical sources and archaeological data to assess its goodness-of-fit. The significance of this method lies in its ability to detect convergences or divergences that can provide a vista into how small-scale producers negotiated their peripherality (or agency) in an expansive maritime trading system that connected Northwestern Luzon to polities across the seas. So far, a total of five ancient gold trade networks have been delineated within the present-day provinces of Benguet, Abra, Mountain Province, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Pangasinan. This paper is part of a long-term research project that looks at what Allegre (1998) has called " evanescent market " encounter (tabu-tabuan/tiangge) in Northwestern Luzon. Evanescent markets are temporary markets that spring into life at coastal areas adjacent to where a maritime trading ship has dropped anchor. This trade and exchange event was connected to a far-reaching maritime exchange network that reached as far as the Indian Ocean. This belt circulated products such as porcelain, silk, cotton, beeswax, gems, beads, and precious minerals, most notably gold.
BAR Publishing International Series, 2020
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Gold studies on the Indian Ocean- West Philippine/ South China Sea world system have tended to focus on global and often homogenous patterns in the fields of archaeology and history. However, there is increasing interest in pursuing the gold studies by starting from the putative ‘peripheries’ from where gold nuggets were mined in crude tunnels or panned in streams. Remote Sensing the Margins of the Gold Trade shows how Igorot societies negotiated their peripherality in the expansive porcelain-for-gold exchange system that was creeping onto their shores. The research looks at how the Igorot miners practiced their agency through their participation in tabu-tabuans or evanescent market encounter at the coastal trading centers. The findings are based on multiscalar and multidisciplinary analyses using regional GIS data, high resolution multispectral satellite remote sensing data, ethnographic data, primary and secondary written historical data, archival maps and images, oral tradition data, and archaeological data on the Early Historical to Historical period.