Venkatramanan Senapathi | National College, Tiruchirappalli, India (original) (raw)

Papers by Venkatramanan Senapathi

Springer Nature, 2025

We are pleased to inform you that Springer-Nature, one of the world's leading scientific publishe... more We are pleased to inform you that Springer-Nature, one of the world's leading scientific publishers, has accepted our proposal to edit a multi-author contributed book titled "Metal Contamination Mitigation in Soil, Sediment, and Water: Advanced Strategies". We cordially invite you to contribute your expertise by submitting chapters that align with the book's objectives.

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Groundwater for Sustainable Development, Elsevier, 2024

This study evaluates the risks associated with geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants in the Aza... more This study evaluates the risks associated with geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants in the Azarshahr aquifer situated in the Lake Urmia watershed in NW Iran, an area critically affected by both natural mineral deposits and intensive agricultural activities. This region, characterized by its significant geological diversity and extensive
use of pesticides and fertilizers, presents a unique opportunity to study the interaction between natural and human-induced groundwater contamination. Employing the Origin-Source-Pathway-Receptors-Consequence
(OSPRC) framework, the research focuses on the linkage between these contaminants and waterborne diseases, particularly examining the less-studied “Receptor” and “Consequence” components using the Groundwater
Quality Index (GQI) and health risk indices. Our approach integrates vulnerability assessments through the
DRASTIC and SPECTR methods, enhanced by Sugeno fuzzy logic, to produce a detailed risk map highlighting two
critical zones: Risk Cell 1, impacted predominantly by agricultural contaminants including nitrate and chlorpyrifos, and Risk Cell 2, affected by geogenic contaminants such as arsenic, lead, nickel, and chromium. This
comprehensive analysis not only maps out the source and migration pathways of these contaminants but also
evaluates their impact on human health. The findings underscore a strong correlation between identified risks
and health impacts, emphasizing the pressing need for targeted health interventions and improved management
of water resources in the region. By advancing the application of the OSPRC framework, this research fills a vital
gap in our understanding of aquifer contamination dynamics and sets a new standard for future groundwater risk
assessments.

Acta Tropica, Elsevier, 2024

Climate change is a significant risk multiplier and profoundly influences the transmission dynami... more Climate change is a significant risk multiplier and profoundly influences the transmission dynamics, geographical
distribution, and resurgence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Bangladesh has a noticeable rise in VBDs attributed
to climate change. Despite the severity of this issue, the interconnections between climate change and VBDs in
Bangladesh have yet to be thoroughly explored. To address this research gap, our review meticulously examined
existing literature on the relationship between climate change and VBDs in Bangladesh. Using the Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, we identified 3849 records from
SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Ultimately, 22 research articles meeting specific criteria
were included. We identified that the literature on the subject matter of this study is non-contemporaneous, with
68% of studies investing datasets before 2014, despite studies on climate change and dengue nexus having
increased recently. We pinpointed Dhaka and Chittagong Hill Tracts as the dengue and malaria research hotspots, respectively. We highlighted that the 2023 dengue outbreak illustrates a possible shift in dengue-endemic
areas in Bangladesh. Moreover, dengue cases surged by 317% in 2023 compared to 2019 records, with a corresponding 607% increase in mortality compared to 2022. A weak connection was observed between dengue
incidents and climate drivers, including the El Nino ˜ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD).
However, no compelling evidence supported an association between malaria cases, and Sea Surface Temperature
(SST) in the Bay of Bengal, along with the NINO3 phenomenon. We observed minimal microclimatic and nonclimatic data inclusion in selected studies. Our review holds implications for policymakers, urging the prioritization of mitigation measures such as year-round surveillance and early warning systems. Ultimately, it calls for
resource allocation to empower researchers in advancing the understanding of VBD dynamics amidst changing
climates.

Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Frontiers, 2024

Editorial on the Research Topic Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor: fundamental geological investigat... more Editorial on the Research Topic
Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor: fundamental geological investigations and
resource endowment-volume II

Discover Oceans, Springer Nature, 2024

Seaweeds are grown for their use in food and other sectors, however heavy metals (HMs) contaminat... more Seaweeds are grown for their use in food and other sectors, however heavy metals (HMs) contamination raises serious issues for the environment and public health. This study focuses on seaweed samples (Hypnea musciformes and Gracilaria lemaneiformis) collected from the Rezu Khal seaweed culture site, Cox's Bazar coast, Bangladesh. HMs and minerals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Among the elements examined, H. musciformes displayed the highest mean concentrations of minerals and HMs, including Magnesium (Mg) (8663.00 ± 2302.06 mg/kg), Copper (Cu) (10.59 ± 1.61 mg/kg), Iron (Fe) (7566.29 ± 2842.47 mg/kg), Manganese (Mn) (9.93 ± 2.88 mg/kg), Zinc (Zn) (29.54 ± 7.51 mg/kg), and Nickel (Ni) (11.77 ± 2.63 mg/kg). Conversely, G. lemaneiformis exhibited the highest levels of Calcium (Ca) (798.14 ± 143.40 mg/kg), Lead (Pb) (3.91 ± 1.74 mg/kg), and Chromium (Cr) (0.59 ± 0.30 mg/kg). Specifically, Mg was prominently abundant in H. musciformes, while Cawas more prevalent in G. lemaneiformis. Both seaweed types contained Pb and Cr. None of the elements was significantly different between the species (p < 0.05). The consumers are not exposed to any carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks related to these concentrations, according to the evaluation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.

Regional Studies in Marine Science, Elsevier, 2024

The global concern over the pollution-induced by microplastics (MPs) has intensified due to its a... more The global concern over the pollution-induced by microplastics (MPs) has intensified due to its adverse effects on the environment, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, where it poses potential threats to soil quality and resident species. However, there is a noticeable research gap regarding soil MPs in dumping sites, specifically within the Rohingya Refugee Camp (RRC), the world's largest humanitarian crisis located in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study is to assess soil MPs' abundance, spatial distribution, and inherent risks in the RRC. The investigation involved extracting MPs from ten soil sampling sites in Kutupalong RRC, home to Rohingya refugees who sought refuge in Bangladesh following the 2017 ethnic atrocities in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. Stereomicroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed for identification purposes. The concentration of MPs in the study area varied from 67 to 126 (items/kg) (dry weight), with a mean concentration of 103.80 ± 20.671 (items/kg). MPs with sizes <0.5 mm constituted the majority at 83 %, with fragments (68 %) being the prevailing shape, and transparent (63 %) as the most abundant color. Predominant polymers included polyethylene (53 %) and polypropylene (46 %). Negative correlations were observed between MP abundance and pH and moisture content (p<0.05), while a positive correlation was found between MP abundance and organic matter. PCA results suggested that human-induced inappropriate waste and air deposition are the primary sources of soil MP pollution. Contamination factor values suggested moderate pollution with MPs in the study area. According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the area was classified as pollution grade II, signifying 'uncontaminated to moderately contaminated.' However, pollutant load index and potential ecological risk index indicated Hazard Level-I and Pollution Grade-I, respectively. This study illuminates the contamination scenario with MPs, underscoring concerns for eco-environmental safety and providing crucial data for future investigations into MPs in terrestrial dumping habitats.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Springer, 2024

Despite sporadic and irregular studies on heavy metal(loid)s health risks in water, fish, and soi... more Despite sporadic and irregular studies on heavy metal(loid)s health risks in water, fish, and soil in the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal, no chemometric approaches have been applied to assess the human health risks comprehensively. This review aims to employ chemometric analysis to evaluate the long-term spatiotemporal health risks of metal(loid)s e.g., Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni in coastal water, fish, and soils from 2003 to 2023. Across coastal parts, studies on metal(loid)s were distributed with 40% in the southeast, 28% in the south-central, and 32% in the southwest regions. The southeastern area exhibited the highest contamination levels, primarily due to elevated Zn content (156.8 to 147.2 mg/L for Mn in water, 15.3 to 13.2 mg/kg for Cu in fish, and 50.6 to 46.4 mg/kg for Ni in soil), except for a few sites in the south-central region. Health risks associated with the ingestion of Fe, As, and Cd (water), Ni, Cr, and Pb (fish), and Cd, Cr, and Pb (soil) were identified, with non-carcinogenic risks existing exclusively through this route. Moreover, As, Cr, and Ni pose cancer risks for adults and children via ingestion in the southeastern region. Overall non-carcinogenic risks emphasized a significantly higher risk for children compared to adults, with six, two-, and six-times higher health risks through ingestion of water, fish, and soils along the southeastern coast. The study offers innovative sustainable management strategies and remediation policies aimed at reducing metal(loid)s contamination in various environmental media along coastal Bangladesh.

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Elsevier, 2024

The investigated mineral groundwater has outstanding water quality and slightly alkaline nature. ... more The investigated mineral groundwater has outstanding water quality and slightly alkaline nature. It is with fresh hydrochemical facies of HCO3-Na⋅Ca type with total dissolved solids (TDS) in the range o 384–964 mg/L, and featured by notably rich strontium with the concentrations o 0.67–0.81 mg/L, ar exceeding the recommended mineral water minimum threshold o 0.20 mg/L. The mineral groundwater is originated from the glacier meltwater of mountainous area with elevation over 4500 m. It subsequently inltrates into the bedrock and move within the groundwater system with a residence time of approximately 52 years. Its hydrochemical constituents are naturally governed by water-rock interactions of silicates dissolution, cation exchange, and celestite and strontianite dissolution. A conceptual model is proposed to outline the ormation pattern o glacial mineral water in alpine region on Tibetan Plateau. Findings o this study can ll the study gap regarding glacial mineral water on Tibetan Plateau, and urther contribute to the uture study and development o natural glacial mineral water in alpine regions worldwide.

Ocean and Coastal Management, Elsevier, 2024

This research paper addresses the urgent environmental concern of microplastic (MP) emissions, fo... more This research paper addresses the urgent environmental concern of microplastic (MP) emissions, focusing on the behavioral attitudes and perceptions of the general populace in Shyamnagar Upazila, Bangladesh. Against the backdrop of escalating MP pollution globally, this study investigates the level of awareness and the factors influencing public engagement in mitigating MP prevalence. Leveraging survey data from 350 respondents, the
ordered logistic regression (OLR) and boosted regression tree (BRT) models are employed for comprehensive
data analysis. The findings expose a concerning lack of awareness about MPs, as only 12% of respondents possessed prior knowledge, and a notable 63% remained uninformed about MP pollution. The OLR model reveals
a positive correlation between heightened awareness of MPs and an increased willingness to take action. Gender differences become evident, with women exhibiting greater willingness than men to mitigate MP emissions, and environmental practitioners displaying heightened motivation. The BRT model underscores construction materials and industrial pollution as the primary influential factors amplifying MP pollution. These insights not only illuminate the existing scenario but also provide a basis for fostering favorable behavioral attitudes and perceptions to mitigate the prevalence of MPs within the coastal milieu.

Environmental Research, Elsevier, 2024

Understanding the major factors influencing groundwater chemistry and its evolution in irrigation... more Understanding the major factors influencing groundwater chemistry and its evolution in irrigation areas is crucial for efficient irrigation management. Major ions and isotopes (δD-H 2 O together with δ 18 O-H 2 O) were used to identify the natural and anthropogenic factors contributing to groundwater salinization in the shallow aquifer of the Wadi Guenniche Plain (WGP) in the Mediterranean region of Tunisia. A comprehensive geochemical investigation of groundwater was conducted during both the low irrigation season (L-IR) and the high irrigation season (H-IR). The results show that the variation range and average concentrations of almost all the ions in both the L-IR and H-IR seasons are high. The groundwater in both seasons is characterized by high electrical conductivity and CaMgCl/SO 4 and NaCl types. The dissolution of halite and gypsum, the precipitation of calcite and dolomite, and Na-Ca exchange are the main chemical reactions in the geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Wadi Guenniche Shallow Aquifer (WGSA). Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δ 18 O-H 2 O and δD-H 2 O) indicate that groundwater in WGSA originated from local precipitation. In the H-IR season, the δ 18 O-H 2 O and δD-H 2 O values indicate that the groundwater experienced noticeable evaporation. The enriched isotopic signatures reveal that the WGSA's groundwater was influenced by irrigation return flow and seawater intrusion. The proportions of mixing with seawater were found to vary between 0.12% and 5.95%, and between 0.13% and 8.42% during the L-IR and H-IR seasons, respectively. Irrigation return flow and the associated evaporation increase the dissolved solids content in groundwater during the irrigation season. The long-term human activities (fertilization, irrigation, and septic waste infiltration) are the main drives of the high nitrate-N concentrations in groundwater. In coastal irrigation areas suffering from water scarcity, these results can help planners and policy makers understand the complexities of groundwater salinization to enable more sustainable management and development.

Environmental Research, Elsevier, 2024

While global attention has been primarily focused on the occurrence and persistence of microplast... more While global attention has been primarily focused on the occurrence and persistence of microplastics (MP) in urban lakes, relatively little attention has been paid to the problem of MP pollution in rural recreational lakes. This pioneering study aims to shed light on MP size, composition, abundance, spatial distribution, and contributing factors in a rural recreational lake, 'Nikli Lake' in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. Using density separation, MPs were extracted from 30 water and 30 sediment samples taken from ten different locations in the lake. Subsequent characterization was carried out using a combination of techniques, including a stereomicroscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed a significant prevalence of MPs in all samples, with an average amount of 109.667 ± 10.892 pieces/kg 3 (dw) in the sediment and 98.167 ± 12.849 pieces/m 3 in the water. Small MPs (<0.5 mm), fragments and transparent colored particles formed the majority, accounting for 80.2%, 64.5% and 55.3% in water and 78.9%, 66.4% and 64.3% in sediment, respectively. In line with global trends, polypropylene (PP) (53%) and polyethylene (PE) (43%) emerged as the predominant polymers within the MPs. MP contents in water and sediment showed positive correlations with outflow, while they correlated negatively with inflow and lake depth (p > 0.05). Local activities such as the discharge of domestic sewage, fishing waste and agricultural runoff significantly influence the distribution of polypropylene. Assessment of pollution factor, pollution risk index and pollution load index values at the sampling sites confirmed the presence of MPs, with values above 1. This study is a baseline database that provides a comprehensive understanding of MP pollution in the freshwater ecosystem of Bangladesh, particularly in a rural recreational lake. A crucial next step is to explore ecotoxicological mechanisms, legislative measures and future research challenges triggered by MP pollution.

Chemosphere, Elsevier, 2024

Groundwater is an essential resource in the Sundarban regions of India and Bangladesh, but its qu... more Groundwater is an essential resource in the Sundarban regions of India and Bangladesh, but its quality is deteriorating due to anthropogenic impacts. However, the integrated factors affecting groundwater chemistry,
source distribution, and health risk are poorly understood along the Indo-Bangla coastal border. The goal of this study is to assess groundwater chemistry, associated driving factors, source contributions, and potential noncarcinogenic health risks (PN-CHR) using unsupervised machine learning models such as a self-organizing map (SOM), positive matrix factorization (PMF), ion ratios, and Monte Carlo simulation. For the Sundarban
part of Bangladesh, the SOM clustering approach yielded six clusters, while it yielded five for the Indian Sundarbans. The SOM results showed high correlations among Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, indicating a common origin. In
the Bangladesh Sundarbans, mixed water predominated in all clusters except for cluster 3, whereas in the Indian Sundarbans, Cl− -Na+ and mixed water dominated in clusters 1 and 2, and both water types dominated the
remaining clusters. Coupling of SOM, PMF, and ionic ratios identified rock weathering as a driving factor for
groundwater chemistry. Clusters 1 and 3 were found to be influenced by mineral dissolution and geogenic inputs
(overall contribution of 47.7%), while agricultural and industrial effluents dominated clusters 4 and 5 (contribution of 52.7%) in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. Industrial effluents and agricultural activities were associated
with clusters 3, 4, and 5 (contributions of 29.5% and 25.4%, respectively) and geogenic sources (contributions of 23 and 22.1% in clusters 1 and 2) in Indian Sundarbans. The probabilistic health risk assessment showed that
NO3 − poses a higher PN-CHR risk to human health than F− and As, and that potential risk to children is more evident in the Bangladesh Sundarban area than in the Indian Sundarbans. Local authorities must take urgent
action to control NO3 − emissions in the Indo-Bangla Sundarbans region.

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 2024

This review paper exhibits the underexplored realm of heavy metal contamination and associated ri... more This review paper exhibits the underexplored realm of heavy metal contamination and associated risks in sea cucumbers (SCs), which hold significant importance in traditional Asian marine diets and are globally harvested for the Asian market. The assessment focuses on heavy metals (HMs) presence in various SC species, revealing a global trend in HMs concentrations across anatomical parts: Fe > Zn > As > Cu > Hg > Pb > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd. Specific species, such as Eupentacta fraudatrix, Holothuria mammata, Holothuria polii, Holothuria tubulosa, and Holothuria atra, exhibit heightened arsenic levels, while Stichopus herrmanni raises concerns with mercury levels, notably reaching 3.75 mg/kg in some instances, posing potential risks, particularly for children. The study sheds light on anthropogenic activities such as cultivation, fishing, and shipping, releasing HMs into marine ecosystems and thereby threatening ocean and coastal environments due to the accumulation and toxicity of these elements. In response to these findings, the paper suggests SCs as promising bioindicator species for assessing metal pollution in marine environments. It underscores the adverse effects of human actions on sediment composition and advocates for ongoing monitoring efforts both at sea and along coastlines.

Journal of Environmental Management, Elsevier, 2024

Groundwater salinization in coastal aquifers is a major socioeconomic challenge in Oman and many ... more Groundwater salinization in coastal aquifers is a major socioeconomic challenge in Oman and many other regions worldwide due to several anthropogenic activities and natural drivers. Therefore, assessing the salinization of groundwater resources is crucial to ensure the protection of water resources and sustainable management. The aim of this study is to apply a novel approach using predictive optimized ensemble trees-based (ETB) machine learning models, namely Catboost regression (CBR), Extra trees regression (ETR), and Bagging regression (BA), at two levels of modeling strategy for predicting groundwater TDS as an indicator for seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer, Oman. At level 1, ETR and CBR models were used as base models or inputs for BA in level 2. The results show that the models at level 1 (i.e., ETR and CBR) yielded satisfactory results using a limited number of inputs (Cl, K, and Sr) from a few sets of 40 groundwater wells. The BA model at level 2 improved the overall performance of the modeling by extracting more information from ETR and CBR models at level 1 models. At level 2, the BA model achieved a significant improvement in accuracy (MSE = 0.0002, RSR = 0.062, R 2 = 0.995 and NSE = 0.996) compared to each individual model of ETR (MSE = 0.0007, RSR = 0.245, R 2 = 0.98 and NSE = 0.94), and CBR (MSE = 0.0035, RSR = 0.258, R 2 = 0.933 and NSE = 0.934) at level 1 models in the testing dataset. BA model at level 2 outperformed all models regarding predictive accuracy, best generalization of new data, and matching the locations of the polluted and unpolluted wells. Our approach predicts groundwater TDS with high accuracy and thus provides early warnings of water quality deterioration along coastal aquifers which will improve water resources sustainability.

Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2024

Microplastics (MPs) have garnered global attention as emerging pollutants in aquatic and terrestr... more Microplastics (MPs) have garnered global attention as emerging pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their significance, studies on MP pollution have overlooked a biodiverse island ecosystem in the northeast Bay of Bengal. Hence, the current study is a pioneering effort to delve into this issue with the island. This research embodies the first comprehensive report exploring the presence of MP pollution in sediment and surface water and their influencing factors along Sandwip island in the northeast Bay of Bengal. The average MP concentration was 305 ± 37.16 (items/kg) in sediment and 106.14 ± 22.57 (items/m 3) in surface water. Fragments emerged as the predominant type in sediment (78.77%) and surface water (54.64%) samples. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy identified three plastic polymers, the most abundant being polyethylene (56%) and polypropylene (41%). Anthropogenic activities, particularly fishing practices, improper waste disposal, and inadequate waste management strategies, were pinpointed as potential sources of MP contamination on the island. MP concentrations in water and sediment correlated positively with pH and organic matter (p < 0.000), indicating important factors influencing MP distribution. The spatial distribution and hotspots of MPs followed significant human routes. By shedding light on the extent of MPs' presence and their potential sources, this study contributes essential insights that can inform effective environmental management strategies for the island's future well-being.

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 2024

In this study, microplastic (MP) pollution in the coastal sediments and tidal waters of Bushehr p... more In this study, microplastic (MP) pollution in the coastal sediments and tidal waters of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf was comprehensively investigated. The sampling stations were selected based on their proximity to various human activities in January and February 2022, such as tourism, fishing, urban development and industry. The results showed that the abundance of MP associated with different human activities varied. The highest concentrations were observed near the petrochemical industry in Asaluyeh, followed by the densely populated Bushehr and the fishing port of Dayyer. Other areas such as Ganaveh, Deylam and Mand also showed varying levels of MP contamination. The average MP concentration was 1.67 × 104 particles/km 2 in surface water and 1346.67 ± 601.69 particles/kg in dry sediment. Fiber particles were in the majority in both sediment and water samples, mainly black. The sediment samples had a size range of 100-500 μm (41.34 %), while the water samples were between 500 and 1000 μm (33.44 %). The main polymers found were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). This assessment highlights the widespread problem of microplastic pollution in the coastal and intertidal zones of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf.

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Fronties, 2023

Editorial on the Research Topic Assessment and restoration of river ecosystem integrity Rivers se... more Editorial on the Research Topic Assessment and restoration of river ecosystem integrity Rivers serve as vital conduits that connect land and ocean, facilitating the circulation of water and materials. Presently, there are more than 845,000 dams erected along approximately two-thirds of the world's rivers. This extensive damming results in river fragmentation, the creation of reservoirs, sediment deposition in cascade reservoirs, alterations in river flow patterns, as well as shifts in physical and hydrochemical conditions and the habitat for aquatic plants, plankton, and fish. These alterations disrupt processes related to reproduction, recruitment, and biological growth, ultimately impacting the biodiversity and overall integrity of the river ecosystem. When combined with the long-term cumulative effects of climate change, water utilization, river management, and water pollution, the majority of rivers worldwide show declines in ecosystem integrity. However, in many river basins, the absence of data on physicochemical conditions, habitat structure, and biological communities hinders the evaluation of aquatic ecological integrity and the formulation of strategies for biodiversity protection. Addressing the degradation of river ecosystems and developing restoration plans and strategies necessitates commencing with a clear understanding of the ecological status and the primary stressors responsible for the deterioration of river ecosystems. This should be followed by the development of restoration strategies and governance systems that target the predominant issues at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. Given the challenges posed by considerable temporal and spatial variations, poorly understood degradation mechanisms, and ineffective governance approaches for the management of large river ecosystems, this Research Topic explores scientific techniques for evaluating ecosystem integrity in different types of rivers. It elaborates on the mechanisms and driving forces behind the degradation of river ecosystems and the loss of ecological integrity. Additionally, it reports on new technologies that support river restoration, protection, and management. Our goal is to compile fresh methods, indicators, insights, and case studies for the assessment of river ecosystem integrity, providing a robust scientific foundation for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. Within this context, this Research Topic has encouraged the academic community to contribute original research aimed at restoring the integrity of river ecosystems. A total of six articles has been gathered, covering various aspects of river water quality and ecosystem

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 2023

This study examined coastal aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion (SWI) in the Shiramin are... more This study examined coastal aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion (SWI) in the Shiramin area in northwest Iran. Here, six types of hydrogeological data layers existing in the traditional GALDIT framework (TGF) were used to build one vulnerability map. Moreover, a modified traditional GALDIT framework (mod-TGF) was prepared by eliminating the data layer of aquifer type from the GALDIT model and adding the data layers of aquifer media and well density. To the best of our knowledge, there is a research gap to improve the TGF using deep learning algorithms. Therefore, this research adopted the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a new deep learning algorithm to improve the mod-TGF framework for assessing the coastal aquifer vulnerability. Based on the findings, the CNN model could increase the performance of the mod-TGF by >30 %. This research can be a reference for further aquifer vulnerability studies.

Scientific Report - Nature, 2023

Studying total soil carbon (STC), which encompasses organic (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC), as ... more Studying total soil carbon (STC), which encompasses organic (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC), as well as investigating the influence of soil carbon on other soil properties, is crucial for effective global soil carbon management. This knowledge is invaluable for evaluating carbon sequestration, although its scope is currently limited. Boosting soil carbon sequestration, particularly in arid regions, has direct and indirect implications for achieving over four Sustainable Development Goals: mitigating hunger, extreme poverty, enhancing environmental preservation, and addressing global climate concerns. Research into changes within SOC and SIC across surface and subsurface soils was conducted on aeolian deposits. In this specific case study, two sites sharing similar climates and conditions were chosen as sources of wind-blown sediment parent material. The aim was to discern variations in SOC, SIC, and STC storage in surface and subsurface soils between Sistan and Baluchistan Province (with rapeseed and date orchard cultivation) and Kerman Province (with maize cultivation) in southeastern Iran. The findings highlighted an opposing pattern in SOC and storage concerning soil depth, unlike SIC. The average SOC content was higher in maize cultivation (0.2%) compared to date orchard and rapeseed cultivation (0.11%), attributed to the greater evolution of these arid soils (aridisols) in comparison to the other region (entisols). Conversely, SIC content in the three soil uses demonstrated minimal variation. The mean STC storage was greater in maize cultivation (60.35 Mg ha −1) than in date orchard (54.67 Mg ha −1) and rapeseed cultivation (53.42 Mg ha −1). Within the examined drylands, SIC, originating from aeolian deposits and soil processes, assumes a more prominent role in total carbon storage than SOC, particularly within subsurface soils. Notably, over 90% of total carbon storage exists in the form of inorganic carbon in soils.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Springer, 2023

Contamination of fish with metals is a worldwide consumer safety concern. In this study, three me... more Contamination of fish with metals is a worldwide consumer safety concern. In this study, three metals such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) were measured in two commonly consumed fish species Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Pangasius) that are commercially farmed. The concentration of the metals studied was found within the permissible limits. The concentrations of As, Cr, and Pb in tilapia fluctuated, ranging from not detected (ND) to 0.114 mg/kg, ND to 0.009 mg/kg, and ND to 0.085 mg/ kg, respectively. For Pangasius, the concentrations were in the range of 0.014 to 0.118 mg/kg for As, ND to 0.02 mg/kg for Cr, and ND to 0.047 mg/kg for Pb. Hierarchical clustering revealed that As was possibly taken up by leachate and groundwater, while Cr and Pb were from contaminated feed. The results of the calculations for estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient, hazard index, and carcinogenic risk made it clear that consumption of

Springer Nature, 2025

Registration Link - https://forms.gle/NyX5xR6sjVABN8iQ7

Groundwater for Sustainable Development, Elsevier, 2024

Acta Tropica, Elsevier, 2024

Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Frontiers, 2024

Discover Oceans, Springer Nature, 2024

Regional Studies in Marine Science, Elsevier, 2024

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Springer, 2024

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Elsevier, 2024

Ocean and Coastal Management, Elsevier, 2024

Environmental Research, Elsevier, 2024

Chemosphere, Elsevier, 2024

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 2024

Journal of Environmental Management, Elsevier, 2024

Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2024

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 2024

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Fronties, 2023

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 2023

Scientific Report - Nature, 2023

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Springer, 2023

Estuarine and coastal environment are considered to be a transition zone between the fluvial and ... more Estuarine and coastal environment are considered to be a transition zone between the fluvial and marine environments and therefore it plays an important role in the coastal and marine sedimentary system. Increasing attention has been bestowed on research in modern estuarine environment during recent years and a wealth of information on biological, chemical, hydrographical and geological aspects of estuarine system have been gathered and lengthy syntheses of the
interaction between these subjects in several modern estuaries have been published. These literatures clearly indicate that a given set of estuaries can never be identical in their environments of deposition. The interaction of so many variables and differences in the physico-chemical, biological, meteorological and sedimentological conditions that exist in the different regions of a country make this problem more complicated. Hence, it is necessary to study each estuary individually.
A scan on analysis of the existing literature on estuaries and back waters of Tamilnadu reveals that the Tirumalairajan river estuary studied with respect to biology and hydrography. Therefore, the present study intends to investigate the textural, clay mineralogical and geochemical speciation of the sediments of the Tirumalairajan river estuary and adjacent beach environments. Since the estuary is
a transition zone between the fluviatile and marine environment, and it is essential to bring out the influence of these environments on estuaries. The present study covers the fresh water, mid estuarine and mouth or marine zone along with adjacent beach region, (latitudes 10
052’ to 10053’ N and longitudes 79048’ to 79051’ E in Tamilnadu) which also interact with the Tirumalairajan estuarine system. The, studies on the sediments of these two environments gives a clear picture on the seasonal variation an grain size distribution of sediments and heavy metals concentration associated with the sediments with influencing mechanisms.

Water source have always been a precious commodity for human life. Groundwater is used for dome... more Water source have always been a precious commodity for human life.
Groundwater is used for domestic supply, industries and agriculture in most parts of the world as it is a replenishable resource and has inherent advantages over surface water. There has been a tremendous increase in the demand for fresh water due to growth in population the rapid growth of urban areas has affected the ground water quality due to over exploitation resources and improper waste disposal practices.

The study area Muthupet, this coming under Thiruvarur district, Tamilnadu. Totally seventy two groundwater samples collected season wise (Postmonsoon, summer and Premonsoon seasons) and were analyzed, compared with WHO and Indian drinking water standards. The type of water that predominated in the study area was assessed
based on hydrochemcial facies. Besides, suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation was evaluated based on sodium absorption ration and soluble sodium percentage, and the US salinity diagram, further water classified Piper and Gibbs diagram also present. The results indicate that few wells are partially suitable for drinking purposes with remaining are suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes.

Frontiers in Environmental Science - Frontiers, 2023

When exercising any right under the CC-BY licence, Frontiers must be attributed as the original p... more When exercising any right under the CC-BY licence, Frontiers must be attributed as the original publisher of the article or ebook, as applicable. Authors have the responsibility of ensuring that any graphics or other materials which are the property of others may be included in the CC-BY licence, but this should be checked before relying on the CC-BY licence to reproduce those materials. Any copyright notices relating to those materials must be complied with.

Frontiers in Earth Science - Frontiers, 2023

Groundwater Contamination in Coastal Aquifers - Elsevier, 2022

The circumstance of excessive extraction of groundwater in coastal aquifers causes the problem of... more The circumstance of excessive extraction of groundwater in coastal aquifers causes the problem of seawater interruption. The strategy used to control seawater intrusion is the use of recharge well barriers via a series of injection tube wells running parallel to the coast. This method creates a peak pressure that drives the salt front toward the sea. Saltwater infiltration occurs when saltwater (from the sea) is introduced into freshwater aquifers. Seawater is denser (because it carries more solutes) than freshwater. Most of these coastal towns rely on groundwater as a basic source of freshwater supply for domestic, mechanical, and agricultural purposes. Global demographic growth proceeds to develop at a disturbing rate, freshwater supplies are continually being exhausted, to take with it problems such as the interruption of saltwater and expanding the significance of groundwater observation, administration, and preservation. Nearly two-thirds of the world's populace lives inside 400 km of the sea shoreline; a little more than half live less than 200 km away, a region as it was taking up

Elsevier, 2022

This book covers the important and recent aspects of describing groundwater contamination and its... more This book covers the important and recent aspects of describing groundwater contamination and its fundamentals. The book
also assembles various recent techniques to assess groundwater contamination and its relation to different fields such as
science, engineering, planning, and management practices. The recent applications of groundwater assessment and man-agement also deal with groundwater quality in coastal regions and management tactics. The authors have highlighted the integrated approaches such as monitoring techniques, analysis, and remediation of groundwater quality management in coastal aquifers. The authors have also addressed the groundwater management issues considering climate change.
The goal of this book is to bridge the gap between groundwater assessment and management in coastal aquifers. The
chapters in this book are written by researchers who have presented solutions to groundwater issues using different per-spectives. The chapters are divided into modern assessment and management-related themes, covering contributions on coastal groundwater that are presented in 21 chapters. The book provides an introduction to the modern techniques in hydrogeological sciences. The major techniques focused on are artificial intelligence, remote sensing and GIS, numerical
modeling and statistical techniques that have been used in different countries such as India, Kuwait, South Korea, Iran,
Ethiopia, and Qatar. The contents of this book will be useful to young researchers as it provides basic information in
addition to details of the advanced technologies adopted in the fields of hydrology, hydrogeology, and hydrogeochemistry. The improved advanced methods have been discussed, and the case studies that are largely illustrative present techniques for the management of coastal aquifers. The chapters include many references from recent publications that address coastal groundwater management problems. Taking all of these aspects into consideration, the chapters will be a source of up-to-date information for the younger generation, students, and researchers.
We hope that this book will strengthen the approach and understanding of the techniques in groundwater science, especially in coastal areas.

Elsevier, 2019

Heavy metals in trace concentrations have the most important function in the metabolism and healt... more Heavy metals in trace concentrations have the most important function in the metabolism and healthy growth of plants and animals. However, if the concentration is increased it may have several toxicological effects on human beings. Two processes comprise the main sources of heavy metals: natural and anthropogenic. The natural source involves the release of metals as a result of rock weathering and their ultimate leaching into groundwater through rock-water interactions. The anthropogenic sources are the discharge of heavy metals through mining, construction and industrial activities, which thereafter enter streams around mines, the pulverization of construction materials discharge of industrial effluents and landfill leachate into groundwater and surface water bodies; and other activities (Handa et al., 1981; Leung and Jiao, 2006). Water-quality indices are helpful in estimating the combined effect of different parameters. Water-contamination indices are practical and comparatively simple approaches for evaluating the influence and source of overall contamination. The contamination indices are calculated to give useful and approachable guiding tools for water-quality administrators, environmental managers, decision-makers, and prospective users of a prospective water system. Specific contamination indices have also been used to evaluate the extent of contamination with respect to certain metals (Prasad and Jaiprakas, 1999; Prasad and Bose, 2001). Statistical methods, particularly multivariate techniques, are adequate to resolve this lack of contamination indices, and are helpful for environmental data reduction and the interpretation of multiple parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix (CM) are widely used in water-quality assessment and monitoring (Venkatramanan et al., 2015; Bhuiyanet al., 2010). PCA and CM help to arrange metals or analyzed parameters into different factors/groups on the basis of contribution from the expected source. Depending on the co-variance of the analyzed parameters, the multivariate technique is able to provide useful information on the origin of groundwater contamination. The hydrogeochemical species of an element is important regarding its environmental chemistry. The GIS and Geostatistical Techniques for Groundwater Science. https://doi.

Elsevier, 2019

A study was done in a coastal region of Kalpakkam, South India to unravel the hydrogeochemical pr... more A study was done in a coastal region of Kalpakkam, South India to unravel the hydrogeochemical process of coastal groundwater utilizing a statistical approach. Thirty groundwater samples were collected in four unique seasons (summer, southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon, and post monsoon). The collected samples were measured for major ions by adopting standard procedures. Correlation, factor analysis, and factor scores have been used to comprehend the spatial and temporal variations in the hydrochemistry of groundwater and to separate the different geochemical processes in the study region. The investigation uncovers that there is a regular variation in the geochemistry of the samples with the impact of dilution during northeast monsoon. The effect of salt-water recharge, weathering, ionic exchange, and anthropogenic effects are the main variables controlling the hydrogeochemistry of the study area.

Elsevier, 2019

Seawater incursion (SWI) is an universal threat magnified by rising sea levels, climate change, a... more Seawater incursion (SWI) is an universal threat magnified by rising sea levels, climate change, and an escalating dependence of coastal fresh groundwater resources for the water supplies needed. Therefore SWI is intrinsically very difficult and more expensive to examine, investigate, and project. Taking into account abovementioned issues the current study was carried out in the Nagapattinam coastal region, Tamil Nadu, Southern India. The modern technique (GALDIT) was adopted in this study for the identification of SWI in this region. Groundwater samplings were carried out at 30 locations and six hydrologeological parameters were used to obtain information on incursion in the coastal areas. The results were: groundwater occurrence (G) was unconfined, aquifer hydraulic conductivity (A) was ranked as 5–7.5, the depth of the groundwater above sea level (L) was ranked between 2.5 and 7.5, the parameter of the distance from the sea (D) showed the ranking of 7.5–10, the impact of the existing conditions of seawater intrusion in the area (I) was given an index of 7.5–10, and the thickness of the aquifer (T) ranking varied from 2.5 to 10. From the six parameters the calculated GALDIT index was > 7.5; it showed that high vulnerability areas were identified in 23 locations out of the 30. The remaining seven locations were classified as moderate vulnerability. The final output indicates that major portions of the coastal areas are highly affected by seawater.

Elsevier, 2019

Groundwater-level data of monitoring wells are often missed because of electrical power outage or... more Groundwater-level data of monitoring wells are often missed because of electrical power outage or digital-sensor problems. The missing data need to be interpolated using proper statistical methods, because they degrade the continuity of monitored data. In this study, kriging and conditional simulation were applied for the supplement of the missing groundwater-level data in alluvium and bedrock aquifer with peak type variations. Groundwater-level data of alluvial aquifer were artificially eliminated at the intervals of 10, 20, 40, and 60 days to evaluate the capability of kriging and conditional simulation. Conditional simulation was statistically and graphically superior to kriging in the interpolations of 40 days. Although conditional simulation produced larger statistical errors than kriging in the interpolations of 20 and 60 days, it was more efficient than kriging in producing complicated fluctuations. The interpolated data produced using conditional simulation at the actual missing intervals of a groundwater monitoring well were also reproduced without errors from the original data and represented the fluctuations of original groundwater levels very well. However, conditional simulation has few limitations in the reproduction of fluctuations in the case of a very large missing interval or a very large difference in the data value of a missing interval.

Elsevier

The spatial analysis techniques include different techniques and the characteristics of point, li... more The spatial analysis techniques include different techniques and the characteristics of point, line, and polygon data sets. The better techniques focused on IDW, NNIDW, spline, spline interpolation and types of Kriging. These techniques were adapted in the spatial component to derive the measurements of the terrain. Apart from that kriging is a sophisticated interpolation technique that can estimate trend surface. The recent advancement in GIS technology with couple of combined statistical methods can be integrated in the deterministic methods for interpolation and analysis of spatial data. The kriging method which are of interpolation method that realized the results were statistically approached.

Elsevier, 2019

Geographic information systems (GIS) are fundamentally an applied science and although the GIS ve... more Geographic information systems (GIS) are fundamentally an applied science and although the GIS vendor society provides us with the hardware and software with newer, better, and faster technological tools, it is the domain specialists who apply these tools that define the state of the art. The brain of the GIS still lies in the field and district offices, engineering offices, logging divisions, and offices of small GIS entrepreneurs all of whom apply this technology in their field of work. Although many GIS have been successfully implemented, it is evident that two-dimensional maps with very complex contours and color schema cannot precisely present multidimensional and dynamic spatial phenomena. Generally GIS in use today have not been designed to support multimedia data and therefore have very limited potential due to the large data volumes, very rich semantics, and very different modeling and dispensation requirements. This chapter discusses some of the features of a GIS, the general trends in this field, and the technology behind it. It also describes the advantages of using multimedia to implement GIS, which allows extension of its capabilities to present geographic and other information. Then the main subsystems of GIS are presented. The chapter also identifies some of the key areas where multimedia GIS could be useful.

Elsevier, 2019

GIS and Geostatistical Techniques for Groundwater Science provides a detailed synthesis of the ap... more GIS and Geostatistical Techniques for Groundwater Science provides a detailed synthesis of the application of GIS and geostatistics in groundwater studies. As the book illustrates, GIS can be a powerful tool for developing solutions for water resource problems, assessing water quality, and managing water resources. Beginning with an introduction to the history of GIS and geostatistical techniques in groundwater studies, the book then describes various spatial techniques, including case studies for various applications, from quality assessment, to resource management. This book assembles the most up-to-date techniques in GIS and geostatistics as they relate to groundwater, one of our most important natural resources. Key Features *Provides details on the application of GIS and statistics in groundwater studies *Includes practical coverage of the use of spatial analysis techniques in groundwater science *Bridges the gap between geostatistics and GIS as it relates to groundwater science and management *Offers worldwide case studies to illustrate various techniques and applications in addressing groundwater issues

Elsevier, 2021

Groundwater is one of the Earth's most precious resource. Especially coastal aquifers, are fragil... more Groundwater is one of the Earth's most precious resource. Especially coastal aquifers, are fragile and studied for developing solutions on problems pertaining to evaluation of water quality and management. Recent trends on groundwater studies have succeeded in adopting various advanced techniques to manage the resource. As such, the interest on the recent techniques are increasing to understand several groundwater contamination applications in coastal aquifers. This interdisciplinary book attempts to cover the important techniques and management of groundwater contamination from the disciplines of geology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, statistics, biology, and environmental science. Moreover, the economic feasibility of groundwater science and its applications is increasing among the academics, researchers, students, industrialists, and economists. Hence, recent trends and techniques on groundwater contamination is also made available in form of books, articles and magazines. However, advanced techniques especially based on coastal groundwater quality and quantity application are limited and a book integrating all aspects of this techniques in a single platform is not yet available. This book is divided into five different components. The first will describe the introduction to groundwater contamination in coastal aquifers. The second component of the book will deal with various hydrogeochemical processes. The third part of the book covers case studies of groundwater quality assessment using recent techniques. The fourth component of the book will explain about the various pollutants and contaminants in coastal aquifers. The final Fifth component will discuss the management and remediation methods to control the contamination in coastal aquifers. This book will serve as a key reference in the area of groundwater science. The book will encompass various topics in broader perspectives on groundwater contamination in coastal aquifers with a great potential to provide a significant contribution in the field of hydrogeology. Since, it includes an up-to-date comprehensive holistic information related to groundwater of coastal aquifer. Topics of Interest  Threats of coastal aquifers  Development and management techniques  Issues of coastal groundwater contamination  Water-Rock interaction  Isotopic signatures  Major and trace elemental hydrochemistry  Interaction between groundwater and surface water  Submarine groundwater discharge  Hydrogeochemical reaction between seawater and coastal aquifers  Seawater intrusion  Microplastics contamination  Heavy metal and organic pollutants  Remote Sensing and GIS application  Geostatistical techniques  Geophysical techniques  Artificial intelligence methods  Numerical modelling  Coastal aquifers decontamination and management  Artificial recharge techniques  Assumptions, remediation and quality controls Important Dates Title and one-page Abstract Submission

In recent decades, environmental isotopes have contributed immensely to studies and investigation... more In recent decades, environmental isotopes have contributed immensely to studies and investigations in hydrogeology, complementing both physical and chemical hydrogeology. Many hydrogeological studies (including those of surface water and groundwater) use isotopes of the water molecule to determine water quality, origin, recharge mechanisms, rock-water interactions, hydrological processes, approximate ages, sources and pathways, and present chemical tracers. For instance, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of water are adapted by the meteoric process, and groundwater recharge in a particular environment will acquire a characteristic isotopic signature. Similarly, tritium-helium and krypton-85 isotopes are used for age dating; nitrogen and sulfate isotopes for pollution sources; and radon isotope for weathering process. Isotope tracers have been extremely useful in providing new insights into hydrological processes because they integrate the small scale variability of the physical and chemical behavior of water at different stages to give an effective indication of the processes occurring at a catchment scale. Environmental isotopes represent one of the most useful tools in hydrochemistry when investigating geochemical evolution, recharge processes, rock-water interaction and the origin of salinity and contaminant processes. A large number of the applications of environmental isotopes in hydrogeology have been in the arid and semiarid areas of the world, where water scarcity is the most acute and poses constraints on economic development and water management. This Research Topic aims to address global issues on the quality and quantity of surface and groundwater resources using various environmental isotopes.

Call for papers on 2020 Special issue (CEC Frame work) - Deadline Extended to September 10, 2020