Jeffrey Burds | Northeastern University (original) (raw)
Articles by Jeffrey Burds
Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2024
Among the most notorious forms of collaboration with the German occupation of District Galicia we... more Among the most notorious forms of collaboration with the German occupation of District Galicia were the so-called shmal’tsovniki (szmalcownicy) or marodëry (profiteers), bounty hunters who betrayed Jews to the German police for cash rewards, apartments, food, and a host of other incentives. In this study of post-Soviet Russian, Ukrainian, German, Israeli, and Polish sources, the author has traced the nefarious roles these local collaborators played in the Holocaust. He has endeavored to outline the political economy of genocide in Galicia, tracing the transformation of relations among neighbors into a predatory hunt for Jewish men, women, and children who had been driven into hiding to escape persecution and genocide. Archival documents and eyewitness testimonies reveal that bounty hunters preyed not just on Jews, but also on so-called Righteous Gentiles, typically well-meaning Poles or Ukrainians whose acts of kindness were sometimes turned against them in the morally inverted world of the German occupation. In this way, the German occupation authorities generated a mass culture of fear and suspicion that facilitated the rounding up and liquidation of remaining Jews.
East European Politics & Societies, 2018
Historians have long assumed that Germany closely followed a take-no-prisoners policy in dealing ... more Historians have long assumed that Germany closely followed a take-no-prisoners policy in dealing with captured communists in the East. That was the direct conclusion to be drawn from Hitler’s notorious Commissar Order issued on the eve of the Barbarossa invasion, which prescribed summary execution of all communists and communist officials. Data published in the Soviet Union largely confirmed this impression, reflecting a dramatic reduction in Communist Party members during the first six months of the war in the East. New data suggest, however, that far from annihilating communist cadres as part of the so-called “Jewish-Communist” threat, the German occupation authorities instead recruited many former communists for service in occupation governmental work, as spies, or in other roles vital to German authorities in eastern zones. Post-Soviet archives offer profound insights into the development of Stalin’s special policy towards these suspected communist turncoats.
Ukrainian translation of “Sexual Violence in Europe in World War II,” published in a special issu... more Ukrainian translation of “Sexual Violence in Europe in World War II,” published in a special issue on “Sexual Violence during War” in Politics and Society Volume 37, Number 1 (March 2009): 35-74.
Politics & Society, 2009
in particular on the German-Soviet war in the East, this article explores variations in patterns ... more in particular on the German-Soviet war in the East, this article explores variations in patterns of sexual violence associated with armed forces in Europe during and immediately after World War II. Besides soldier violence perpetrated against civilian populations, a significant role was also played by irregular forces: most notably, by partisan guerrillas and civilian vigilantes. Ethnic nationalist partisan forces perpetrated especially brutal sexual violence against women and girls of "enemy" nationalities. Likewise, after liberation civilian reprisals were fairly common throughout Europe against so-called "sexual collaborators"-that is, against women excoriated for providing "sexual comfort" to the enemy during the German occupation.
Journal of Contemporary History, 2007
Reflections on post-Soviet archival practices.
![Research paper thumbnail of "'Москальки': женщины-агенты и националистическое подполье на Западной Украине, 1944-1948," [Moskal'ki: Women-Agents and the Nationalist Underground in West Ukraine, 1944-1948], Социальная История. Ежегодник 2004 [Social History—Yearbook 2004] (Moscow, 2005).](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37725749/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Russian version of my study of the role of women in the Ukrainian nationalist underground, and th... more Russian version of my study of the role of women in the Ukrainian nationalist underground, and the role of gender violence perpetrated by the Soviet police and Ukrainian nationalists against Ukrainian women suspected of collaboration (Moskal'ki).
Cahiers du monde russe, 2001
The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East …, 2001
A study of the explosion of criminal banditry in formerly occupied territories of the Soviet unio... more A study of the explosion of criminal banditry in formerly occupied territories of the Soviet union, 1944-1947.
East European Politics and Societies, 1996
Journal of Modern History, 1996
Co-editor's introduction to the comprehensive archival guide for TsGA (Tsentral'nyi Gosudarstvenn... more Co-editor's introduction to the comprehensive archival guide for TsGA (Tsentral'nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv) in Moscow.
Books by Jeffrey Burds
Холокост в Ровно, 2021
Expanded and updated 2021 Russian edition of my book, Holocaust in Rovno (originally published in... more Expanded and updated 2021 Russian edition of my book, Holocaust in Rovno (originally published in 2013).
Ця монографія є реконструкцією подій німецької акції, яка призвела до масового вбивства близько 2... more Ця монографія є реконструкцією подій німецької акції, яка
призвела до масового вбивства близько 23 500 єврейських чоло-
віків, жінок та дітей у трьох місцях у лісі в Сосонках поблизу
Рівного, Україна, 7–9 листопада 1941 р. Масове вбивство євреїв у
Рівному, яке часто називають «другим Бабиним Яром», було однією з десятків подібних організованих німцями великомасштабних антиєврейських операцій, що відбувались в радянській зоні в першу осінь і зиму Другої світової війни на Сході.
Русский перевод исследовательской работы на тему Холокоста в Ровно в 1941-1943 г.г. Основана на а... more Русский перевод исследовательской работы на тему Холокоста в Ровно в 1941-1943 г.г. Основана на архивных документах из России, Украины, Польше, Германии, США и Исраела, автор подробно обсуждает массовое убийство 24,500 евреев в г. Ровно с 7-9 ноября 1941, и о последствиях расстрела евреев.
Jeffrey Burds. Translated from English by Wieslaw Tokarczuk
Polish translation of my book, HOLOCAUST IN ROVNO: The Massacre at Sosenki Forest, November 1941 ... more Polish translation of my book, HOLOCAUST IN ROVNO: The Massacre at Sosenki Forest, November 1941 (New York: Palgrave, 2013). Translated from English to Polish by Wieslaw Tokarczuk. Follow the link for download.
![Research paper thumbnail of Holocaust in Rovno: A Massacre in Ukraine, November 1941 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). [In 2023, I added 7 photographs with translated captions from the expanded Russian edition of this book, published in 2021.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107690529/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Over three days in November 1941, in Sosenki Forest outside the city of Rovno, Ukraine, German de... more Over three days in November 1941, in Sosenki Forest outside the city of Rovno, Ukraine, German death squads supported by local collaborationists murdered some 23,500 Jewish men, women, and children. Often remembered as "the second Babi Yar," the massacre was one of nearly a hundred similar German-sponsored, large-scale, anti-Jewish killing operations perpetrated in Soviet zones during the early months of World War II on the Eastern Front. Preceding the adoption of the "Final Solution" by the Third Reich, Rovno and other mass killings in the East were testing grounds for genocide. This study of the Rovno massacre is based substantially on remarkable new research that blends sources from multiple archives (and archival traditions), national memories, and first-person testimony that places victims' accounts side-by-side with those of German, Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian eyewitnesses. In its meticulous reconstruction of these events, The Holocaust in Rovno exemplifies the burgeoning movement to form a genuinely transnational history of the Holocaust.
![Research paper thumbnail of Шпионаж и национализм: первые годы холодной войны на Западной Украине (1944-1948) [Espionage and Nationalism: The Early Years of the Cold War in Western Ukraine (1944-1948)], (Moscow and New York: «Sovremennaia Istoriia» , 2010).](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46296831/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](This is the updated edited digital version of the final print edition of the expanded Russian tra... more This is the updated edited digital version of the final print edition of the expanded Russian translation of my piece on the Early Cold War in Western Ukraine. This edition includes an appendix with several full-text archival documents. It is 60 pages longer than an earlier draft.
Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2024
Among the most notorious forms of collaboration with the German occupation of District Galicia we... more Among the most notorious forms of collaboration with the German occupation of District Galicia were the so-called shmal’tsovniki (szmalcownicy) or marodëry (profiteers), bounty hunters who betrayed Jews to the German police for cash rewards, apartments, food, and a host of other incentives. In this study of post-Soviet Russian, Ukrainian, German, Israeli, and Polish sources, the author has traced the nefarious roles these local collaborators played in the Holocaust. He has endeavored to outline the political economy of genocide in Galicia, tracing the transformation of relations among neighbors into a predatory hunt for Jewish men, women, and children who had been driven into hiding to escape persecution and genocide. Archival documents and eyewitness testimonies reveal that bounty hunters preyed not just on Jews, but also on so-called Righteous Gentiles, typically well-meaning Poles or Ukrainians whose acts of kindness were sometimes turned against them in the morally inverted world of the German occupation. In this way, the German occupation authorities generated a mass culture of fear and suspicion that facilitated the rounding up and liquidation of remaining Jews.
East European Politics & Societies, 2018
Historians have long assumed that Germany closely followed a take-no-prisoners policy in dealing ... more Historians have long assumed that Germany closely followed a take-no-prisoners policy in dealing with captured communists in the East. That was the direct conclusion to be drawn from Hitler’s notorious Commissar Order issued on the eve of the Barbarossa invasion, which prescribed summary execution of all communists and communist officials. Data published in the Soviet Union largely confirmed this impression, reflecting a dramatic reduction in Communist Party members during the first six months of the war in the East. New data suggest, however, that far from annihilating communist cadres as part of the so-called “Jewish-Communist” threat, the German occupation authorities instead recruited many former communists for service in occupation governmental work, as spies, or in other roles vital to German authorities in eastern zones. Post-Soviet archives offer profound insights into the development of Stalin’s special policy towards these suspected communist turncoats.
Ukrainian translation of “Sexual Violence in Europe in World War II,” published in a special issu... more Ukrainian translation of “Sexual Violence in Europe in World War II,” published in a special issue on “Sexual Violence during War” in Politics and Society Volume 37, Number 1 (March 2009): 35-74.
Politics & Society, 2009
in particular on the German-Soviet war in the East, this article explores variations in patterns ... more in particular on the German-Soviet war in the East, this article explores variations in patterns of sexual violence associated with armed forces in Europe during and immediately after World War II. Besides soldier violence perpetrated against civilian populations, a significant role was also played by irregular forces: most notably, by partisan guerrillas and civilian vigilantes. Ethnic nationalist partisan forces perpetrated especially brutal sexual violence against women and girls of "enemy" nationalities. Likewise, after liberation civilian reprisals were fairly common throughout Europe against so-called "sexual collaborators"-that is, against women excoriated for providing "sexual comfort" to the enemy during the German occupation.
Journal of Contemporary History, 2007
Reflections on post-Soviet archival practices.
Russian version of my study of the role of women in the Ukrainian nationalist underground, and th... more Russian version of my study of the role of women in the Ukrainian nationalist underground, and the role of gender violence perpetrated by the Soviet police and Ukrainian nationalists against Ukrainian women suspected of collaboration (Moskal'ki).
Cahiers du monde russe, 2001
The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East …, 2001
A study of the explosion of criminal banditry in formerly occupied territories of the Soviet unio... more A study of the explosion of criminal banditry in formerly occupied territories of the Soviet union, 1944-1947.
East European Politics and Societies, 1996
Journal of Modern History, 1996
Co-editor's introduction to the comprehensive archival guide for TsGA (Tsentral'nyi Gosudarstvenn... more Co-editor's introduction to the comprehensive archival guide for TsGA (Tsentral'nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv) in Moscow.
Холокост в Ровно, 2021
Expanded and updated 2021 Russian edition of my book, Holocaust in Rovno (originally published in... more Expanded and updated 2021 Russian edition of my book, Holocaust in Rovno (originally published in 2013).
Ця монографія є реконструкцією подій німецької акції, яка призвела до масового вбивства близько 2... more Ця монографія є реконструкцією подій німецької акції, яка
призвела до масового вбивства близько 23 500 єврейських чоло-
віків, жінок та дітей у трьох місцях у лісі в Сосонках поблизу
Рівного, Україна, 7–9 листопада 1941 р. Масове вбивство євреїв у
Рівному, яке часто називають «другим Бабиним Яром», було однією з десятків подібних організованих німцями великомасштабних антиєврейських операцій, що відбувались в радянській зоні в першу осінь і зиму Другої світової війни на Сході.
Русский перевод исследовательской работы на тему Холокоста в Ровно в 1941-1943 г.г. Основана на а... more Русский перевод исследовательской работы на тему Холокоста в Ровно в 1941-1943 г.г. Основана на архивных документах из России, Украины, Польше, Германии, США и Исраела, автор подробно обсуждает массовое убийство 24,500 евреев в г. Ровно с 7-9 ноября 1941, и о последствиях расстрела евреев.
Jeffrey Burds. Translated from English by Wieslaw Tokarczuk
Polish translation of my book, HOLOCAUST IN ROVNO: The Massacre at Sosenki Forest, November 1941 ... more Polish translation of my book, HOLOCAUST IN ROVNO: The Massacre at Sosenki Forest, November 1941 (New York: Palgrave, 2013). Translated from English to Polish by Wieslaw Tokarczuk. Follow the link for download.
Over three days in November 1941, in Sosenki Forest outside the city of Rovno, Ukraine, German de... more Over three days in November 1941, in Sosenki Forest outside the city of Rovno, Ukraine, German death squads supported by local collaborationists murdered some 23,500 Jewish men, women, and children. Often remembered as "the second Babi Yar," the massacre was one of nearly a hundred similar German-sponsored, large-scale, anti-Jewish killing operations perpetrated in Soviet zones during the early months of World War II on the Eastern Front. Preceding the adoption of the "Final Solution" by the Third Reich, Rovno and other mass killings in the East were testing grounds for genocide. This study of the Rovno massacre is based substantially on remarkable new research that blends sources from multiple archives (and archival traditions), national memories, and first-person testimony that places victims' accounts side-by-side with those of German, Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian eyewitnesses. In its meticulous reconstruction of these events, The Holocaust in Rovno exemplifies the burgeoning movement to form a genuinely transnational history of the Holocaust.
This is the updated edited digital version of the final print edition of the expanded Russian tra... more This is the updated edited digital version of the final print edition of the expanded Russian translation of my piece on the Early Cold War in Western Ukraine. This edition includes an appendix with several full-text archival documents. It is 60 pages longer than an earlier draft.
Guide to Part One of lectures on the world history of espionage recorded in the Modern Scholar se... more Guide to Part One of lectures on the world history of espionage recorded in the Modern Scholar series at Recorded Books, Inc. Part Two was completed, but never published due to Record Books bankruptcy.
![Research paper thumbnail of Советская агентура: очерки истории СССР в послевоенные годы, 1944-1948 (Moscow and New York: «Sovremennaia Istoriia» [Contemporary History], 2006).](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37712412/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](This is the Russian of my work on informants' networks in Soviet West Ukraine; Gender & Policing ... more This is the Russian of my work on informants' networks in Soviet West Ukraine; Gender & Policing (women spies in Soviet West Ukraine); and a piece on criminal banditry in the Soviet Union during and after World War II.
Until the tumultuous events of the ‘Orange Revolution’ surrounding the presidential elections in ... more Until the tumultuous events of the ‘Orange Revolution’ surrounding the presidential elections in Ukraine in late 2004, western experts almost without exception had celebrated the
Ukrainian post-Soviet transition as a huge success, lauding its apparent political stability and ethnic amity. This article challenges those assumptions, and offers a new look at the first decade of Ukrainian independence. Drawing from demographic data and witness affidavits from refugees who left Ukraine and requested asylum in the United States, Canada, Australia, Great Britain, and the European Union, the author argues that the first decade of Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union corresponded with widespread and serious harassment of Ukraine’s religious and ethnic minorities. Economic crisis in post-Soviet Ukraine bred scapegoating and marginalisation of Ukraine’s minorities, driving hundreds of thousands to seek sanctuary in the West.
Traces the profoundly transforming impact of Ukrainian refugees on international asylum law in th... more Traces the profoundly transforming impact of Ukrainian refugees on international asylum law in the 1990s.
American Historical Review, 2019
American Historical Review, 2019
![Research paper thumbnail of Commentary on Timothy Snyder’s “‘To Resolve the Ukrainian Problem Once and for All’: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943-1947,” H-Diplo, [February 2001]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37732005/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Discusses the role of ethnic tension between Ukrainians and Poles in the interwar period that pre... more Discusses the role of ethnic tension between Ukrainians and Poles in the interwar period that preceded conflicts during and after World War II.
by Andreas Umland, Юрий Радченко, Tom Junes, Mark Kramer, Tarik Cyril Amar, Matthew Kott, Christopher Gilley, AUNOBLE Eric, Tanya Zaharchenko, Anton Shekhovtsov, Per Anders Rudling, Adrian Ivakhiv, Olena Petrenko, Ricarda Vulpius, Jeffrey Burds, Yurii Latysh, Sergei Zhuk, Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, and Frank Wolff
Від 1991 року Україна була толерантною та інклюзивною країною. Країною, згідно з Конституцією, дл... more Від 1991 року Україна була толерантною та інклюзивною країною. Країною, згідно з Конституцією, для «громадян України всіх національностей». Підписання законів, ухвалених 9 квітня, стане подарунком для тих, хто хоче посварити українців між собою. Вони відштовхнуть багатьох українців, які тепер опинилися де-факто під окупацією. Вони розділять і засмутять друзів України. Урешті, вони нанесуть шкоду національній безпеці України, і насамперед з цієї причини ми закликаємо Вас відхилити їх.
Peasant Dreams and Market Politics
East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures
Historians have long assumed that Germany closely followed a take-no-prisoners policy in dealing ... more Historians have long assumed that Germany closely followed a take-no-prisoners policy in dealing with captured communists in the East. That was the direct conclusion to be drawn from Hitler’s notorious Commissar Order issued on the eve of the Barbarossa invasion, which prescribed summary execution of all communists and communist officials. Data published in the Soviet Union largely confirmed this impression, reflecting a dramatic reduction in Communist Party members during the first six months of the war in the East. New data suggest, however, that far from annihilating communist cadres as part of the so-called “Jewish-Communist” threat, the German occupation authorities instead recruited many former communists for service in occupation governmental work, as spies, or in other roles vital to German authorities in eastern zones. Post-Soviet archives offer profound insights into the development of Stalin’s special policy towards these suspected communist turncoats.
American Historical Review, 1999
J Mod Hist, 1996
... and praying with the families. The recurring ritual went ahead without inter-ruption until th... more ... and praying with the families. The recurring ritual went ahead without inter-ruption until the priest reached the home of one peasant worker, Fedor Petrov, who happened to be home from his usual work in Moscow. ... Petrov was found guilty on three counts of criminal conspiracy. ...
Peasant Economy, Culture, and Politics of European Russia, 1800-1921, 1991
В. А. Колов и С. В. Мироненко, «ОСОБАЯ ПАПКА» Н.С.ХРУЩЕВА (1954-1956 гг.): ПЕРЕПИСКА МВД СССР с Ц... more В. А. Колов и С. В. Мироненко, «ОСОБАЯ ПАПКА» Н.С.ХРУЩЕВА
(1954-1956 гг.): ПЕРЕПИСКА МВД СССР с ЦК КПСС (1957-1959 гг.).
Из материалов Секретариата МВД СССР 1954-1959 rr. Каталог документов (Moscow: «Blagovest», 1995).
V. A. Kozlov and S. V. Mironenko, eds. «ОСОБАЯ ПАПКА» В. М. МОЛОТОВА: Из материалов Секретариата ... more V. A. Kozlov and S. V. Mironenko, eds. «ОСОБАЯ ПАПКА» В. М. МОЛОТОВА: Из материалов Секретариата НКВД-МВД СССР 1944-1956 гг. Каталог документов
В. А. Козлова и С. В. Мироненко
V. A. Kozlov and S. V. Mironenko, Архив новеишей истории России. Том 1. «Особая папка» И. В. Ст... more V. A. Kozlov and S. V. Mironenko,
Архив новеишей истории России. Том 1. «Особая папка» И. В. Сталина: Из материалов Секретариата НКВД-МВД СССР 1944-1953 гг. (Moscow: GARF, 1994).
Released here into the public domain by American copyright holder, the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union. This is a 360-page guide to Stalin's "Special Files" (1944-1953) preserved at the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow (GARF).
Путеводитель. Том 6. Перечень фондов Государственного архива Российской Федерации и научно-справочный аппарат к документам архива. Edited and introduced by S. V. Mironenko (Moscow: GARF, 1998)., 1998
Released here into the public domain by American copyright holder The Center for the Study of Rus... more Released here into the public domain by American copyright holder The Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union. This is a 678-page guide to the State Archive of the Russian Federation with a complete collections list of pre- and post-1917 collections. Published in 1998, the list includes even secret collections not available for research in 1998.
Genrikh M. Deich. Путеводитель: Архивные документы по истории евреев в России в XIX-начале ХХ вв.... more Genrikh M. Deich. Путеводитель: Архивные документы по истории евреев в России в XIX-начале ХХ вв. Edited and introduced by Benjamin Nathans (Moscow: "Blagovest," 1995).
Full text searchable in Russian and English: the main archive guide to RGASPI -- the Russian Stat... more Full text searchable in Russian and English: the main archive guide to RGASPI -- the Russian State Archive of Social-Political History (formerly RTsKhiDNI) in Moscow, Russia. Volume editors J. Arch Getty and V.P. Kozlov.
This is Volume1 of twelve volumes of guides co-published with Russian archives, 1993-2002, now in the public domain.
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In the 1990s, Arch Getty (UCLA), Bill Chase (Pittsburgh), Gregory Freeze (Brandeis) and I created the Soviet Archive Project to construct annotated inventories of key targeted research collections in Moscow. From 1990 to 2002, with grants from IREX and the National Research Council, we worked with Russian scholars and archivists to create the finest inventories of post-Soviet archival collections ever published. Between 1993 and 2002, we published twelve volumes of guides, and our Center for the Study of Russia & the Soviet Union was copyright holder of western editions shared with Moscow archives.
Earlier this year, the four of us agreed to release these guides in digital editions into the public domain: free for everyone, everywhere, for all time. Over the coming year, all twelve of these volumes will be published on various sites to ensure maximum distribution all over the world.
This week we have released Volume 1: Arch Getty and V.P. Kozlov, eds. Краткий Путеводитель: Фонды и коллекции,
собранные Центральным партийным архивом (Moscow: "Blagovest," 1993).
You can download this volume and all future volumes here:
https://neu.academia.edu/JeffreyBurds/Soviet-Archive-Project
It is okay to share these downloads with interested scholars everywhere.
COMPLETE LIST OF VOLUMES IN THE SERIES:
-Russian Center for the Preservation & Study of Documents of
Contemporary History (RTsKhIDNI, formerly the Central
Party Archives)
State Archives of the Russian Federation
-Pre-Revolutionary Collections (GARF, pre-1917)
-Central State Archives of the Russian Republic (TsGA
RSFSR)
-Index to GARF collections
-GARF, Soviet Era Collections
Special Files ("Osobye paki") of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, USSR
-Stalin’s Special Files
-Molotov’s Special Files
-Khrushchev’s Special Files
-Beriia’s Special Files [in three volumes]
Russian State Archive of the Economy
-Volume I
-Volume II
-Collections on Jewish History in Post-Soviet and East
European Archives
We take this initiative in memory of dear Russian friends who played key roles in these publications: Nikolai P. Iakovlev, and Andrei K. Sokolov.