Surendra Agrawal | NMIMS University (original) (raw)

Papers by Surendra Agrawal

Journal of drug delivery science and technology, Mar 1, 2024

International journal of drug delivery technology, Dec 24, 2023

INTRODUCTION A little over a quarter of women worldwide are directly touched by breast cancer, ma... more INTRODUCTION A little over a quarter of women worldwide are directly touched by breast cancer, making it one of the most common types of cancer in women. Even though most people with breast cancer are 65 years old. Women of any age can get this disease. 1 It is thought that 0.0001% of women under 20 will get breast cancer, 0.0014% of women 20 to 24 years old, 0.0081% of women 25 to 29 years old, and 0.0248% of women 30 to 34 years old. Although breast cancer mostly affects women, about 1% of all cases are found in men. Breast cancer is still one of the top reasons women die worldwide. The disease is linked to how well they fight off cancer treatments. 2 It is thought that 90% of all treatment failures are due to drug resistance, which can be acquired or built-in. Only 26% of people with metastatic breast cancer in the US will still be alive after 5 years 3. Drug resistance is thought to be caused by several biological factors, such as changes in genetics, bypass mechanisms, altered effectors in DNA repair, acquired resistance that doesn't depend on a specific route, changes in pH, and increased activity of efflux pumps in cell membranes 4. The cancer gets bigger, physical hurdles make it harder for drugs to move around and reach the levels needed for lethal concentrations in the areas of interest. A thick extracellular matrix, interstitial hypertension, and hostile conditions like ABSTRACT Breast cancer continues to be a prevalent and highly lethal cancer affecting women globally. Despite significant advancements in early detection and the development of specific therapeutic approaches, the issue of medication resistance remains a prominent challenge in managing this intricate ailment. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms behind the development of treatment resistance in breast cancer cells. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the occurrence of therapeutic ineffectiveness. This study elucidates several molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their pharmacological responses. The significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in the development of treatment resistance is emphasized. Additional research on the intricacies of innate and acquired drug resistance mechanisms, including genetic modifications, tumor heterogeneity, and the presence of cancer stem cells, has shed light on the multifaceted nature of drug resistance and its dynamic evolution throughout treatment. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of microenvironmental variables, including hypoxia, immune evasion, and tumor-stroma connections, on the development of drug resistance. The investigation of the interplay between tumor suppressors and oncogenes in the emergence of drug resistance is now underway, yielding valuable insights into prospective targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, this study examines the limitations associated with conventional chemotherapy, endocrine therapies, and targeted medicines, while elucidating the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance and proposing potential strategies to overcome it. Emerging therapies like immunotherapies, epigenetic modulators, and new drug delivery methods are looked at to see if they have the potential to get around mechanisms of resistance and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to give clinicians, researchers, and other healthcare workers a full picture of breast cancer's complex drug resistance mechanisms. By figuring out the molecular complexities and signaling pathways that lead to treatment resistance, we aim to speed up the development of new therapeutic approaches and personalized interventions. This will bring us closer to the long-awaited goal of beating drug resistance and making breast cancer a manageable, treatable condition.

Current nanomaterials, Dec 18, 2023

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Jan 7, 2023

Objective: Chitosan-based pregabalin microsphere (CBPM) formulation was prepared to improve in vi... more Objective: Chitosan-based pregabalin microsphere (CBPM) formulation was prepared to improve in vitro mucoadhesion and absorption of pregabalin via intranasal administration. Methods: The CBPM formulations were prepared using the inotropic gelation method and optimized using the Box-behnken design. The optimized CBPM formulation was physico-chemically characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and powder x-ray diffraction. Additionally, the CBPM formulation was characterized for functional parameters such as in vitro mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeability across the sheep nasal mucosa and in vivo anticonvulsant activity in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures model in mice. Results: The design-optimized CBPM exhibited a 91.45 % inclusion efficiency of pregabalin in the microspheres. The Physico-chemical analysis of the individual components and the optimized formulation confirmed the formation of CBPM. The in vitro mucoadhesion study revealed ~80% mucoadhesive of the CBPM to the sheep nasal mucosa. The in vitro dissolution profiles of CBPM was significantly higher (~97%) than that of pure pregabalin (~70%). The CBPM displayed a higher rate and extent of permeability (~90%) than pure pregabalin (~76%) across the sheep nasal mucosa. The in vivo anticonvulsant activity showed that intranasal administration of CBPM resulted in significant (P<0.01) protection against PTZinduced convulsions in mice. Conclusion: The chitosan-based microsphere intranasal formulation could be employed as promising delivery for rapid pregabalin absorption.

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Jan 7, 2023

Objective: To improve ATN's solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate of pentaerythritol-eud... more Objective: To improve ATN's solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate of pentaerythritol-eudragit ® RS100 co-processed excipients (CE) and their potential as a solid dispersion carrier (ATN-CE-SD). Methods: The ATN-CE-SD was prepared using the solvent evaporation technique. The pure ATN, physical mixture, CE carrier, and optimized ATN-CE-SD was physicochemically characterized using Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffractometry, solubility, and in vitro dissolution was used to evaluate solid dispersions. Results: Physical and chemical analysis showed that ATN-CE-SD formed via the involvement of weak intermolecular forces of attraction between CE carrier and ATN. The prepared solid dispersion showed the drug content around ~ 96.94 % w/w, indicating that the solvent evaporation method improved the encapsulation of ATN and, thus, enhanced its drug content. Compared to pure ATN (~ 0.11 mg/ml), ATN-CE-SD (1:2) significantly increased the aqueous solubility by around ~ 25-fold (~ 2.78 mg/ml), indicating solid dispersion improves the solubility of ATN. ATN-CE-SD enhanced the rate of dissolution of ATV (~ 65 %) compared to pure ATN (~ 25 %) and PM (~ 34 %). Likewise, ATN-CE-SD (1:2) improved the rate and extent of ATN (~ 60 %) across the biological membrane compared to pure ATN (~ 22 %) and PM (~ 32 %). The ATN-CE-SD (1:2) improved the dissolution efficiency by around ~ (57.31%) compared to pure ATN (~ 7.02%) and PM (~ 20.43%). According to the study, co-processed excipients could serve as a promising solid dispersion carrier and improve ATN's water solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is possible to use synthetic solid dispersion carriers as alternatives to improve the low water solubility and permeability of ATN.

Annals of phytomedicine, Nov 30, 2023

India is the supplier and has a rich heritage of medicinal plants. Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is... more India is the supplier and has a rich heritage of medicinal plants. Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is frequently used for its phytoconstituents in traditional Indian medicines. Various phytochemicals that henna contains are lawsone (hennatonic acid), tannins, lalioside, lawsoniaside, lawsoniaside B, hennadiol, laxanthones I, II, III, lacoumarin, scopoletin, flavone, glycosides, esculetin, fraxetin, betulin, betulinic. Many animal studies were done using henna extracts as per OECD guidelines. L. inermis has many pharmacological actions such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antiparasitic, tuberculostatic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antimalarial, immune stimulant and anthelmintic. This article elaborates on the morphological, traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological features of L. inermis with its toxicological studies. It is a possible source of natural compounds for developing medications for certain disorders. Henna is used in industries for manufacturing of hair care products.

Annals of phytomedicine, Dec 1, 2022

Changes in mucosal integrity of the stomach and duodenal lining are hallmarks of the condition kn... more Changes in mucosal integrity of the stomach and duodenal lining are hallmarks of the condition known as a stomach ulcer. Nausea, blood in the stools or vomit, perforations, loss of appetite, and weight loss are a few of its symptoms. Many therapy choices for ulcer care, including antihistamines, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and prostaglandins, are all associated with side effects, according to prior research findings. Alternatives to synthetic medicines for various pharmacological disorders include herbal or natural products. In vivo ulcer preventive efficacy of the Fagonia cretica L. plant's aqueous extract against indomethacin as well as cysteamine caused ulcer models were examined in wistar rats with the help of two distinct doses of 200 mg/kg b. w. and 400 mg/kg b. w. In both ulcer models, F. cretica aqueous extract significantly increased percentage protection while reducing stomach lesions. Additionally, the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model prevented mucin from the stomach mucosa from being lost, improved gastric pH, and decreased gastric volume. The current findings indicate that the F. cretica aqueous extract in a dose 400 mg/kg b. w. significantly prevented gastric as well as duodenal lesions in wistar rats. The outcome of this investigation demonstrated that the F. cretica aqueous extract prevented gastric and duodenal lesions caused by indomethacin and cysteamine, respectively.

International journal of pharmaceutical quality assurance, Jun 25, 2023

The chromatographic Applicator was HPTLC-DESAGA Applicator AS 30, and the scanning system was HPT... more The chromatographic Applicator was HPTLC-DESAGA Applicator AS 30, and the scanning system was HPTLC Densitometer CD60, 230V and Windows® software Pro Quant®.

Research journal of pharmacy and technology, Sep 28, 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare pregabalin loaded niosomal dispersion for con... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare pregabalin loaded niosomal dispersion for controlled release of drug and achieve therapeutic effect for longer duration than the available drug delivery. Methods: The niosome carriers were formulated using non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol ratio of 1:1. The effects of non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol on the average particle size and percent entrapment efficiency were studied. Optimization of the formulation was performed by factorial design using Design expert software 11.0. Results: Based on the solutions provided by the design expert software, the formulation resulted in the particle size of 490 nm and 92.4% EE as compared to the predicted values of 491.02nm for particle size and 90% EE. The optimized niosome carriers appeared as multilamellar vesicles, as evident by a scanning electron microscopy study. Anticonvulsant activity of the niosomal dispersion was determined by Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions in mice. Pregabalin-loaded niosomal dispersion displayed a sustained and moderate anticonvulsant effect upto 24 h. Conclusion: Therefore, the present study revealed the possibility of using non-ionic surfactant niosomes as carrier systems for prolonged release of pregabalin.

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, Feb 11, 2019

Introduction:Trimetazidine and Metoprolol combination is more effective in the treatment of cardi... more Introduction:Trimetazidine and Metoprolol combination is more effective in the treatment of cardiac disorders as compared to single drug therapy.Background:Materials and Methods:A rapid, simple, and sensitive HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Trimetazidine and metoprolol from its tablet dosage form and validated. In HPTLC method, standard and sample solutions of Trimetazidine hydrochloride and metoprolol succinate were applied on pre-coated silica gel G 60 F254 TLC plate, and developed by using mobile phase, n-butanol :water: methanol: ammonia as solvent (8.5:0.1:0.1: 0.85, v/v). The drugs on plate were scanned at 213 nm. The method produced compact and well-resolved bands at Rf of 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.66 ± 0.02 for Trimetazidine Hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate respectively. The range for linearity was observed as 500-2500 ng band-1 for Trimetazidine hydrochloride and 500-2500 ng band-1 for metoprolol succinate and correlation coefficient were 0.9991 and 0.9997 respectively.Conclusion:The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for precision, accuracy, Limit of detection, Limit of quantitation, specificity and robustness. The method was checked for suitability in determination of Trimetazidine hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate in their tablet dosage form. The assay result was found to be 99.64 % ± 0.45 and 99.94 % ± 0.53 of percentage label claim for Trimetazidine hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate respectively.

Annals of phytomedicine, Apr 1, 2023

Humans have utilized herbs for a number of purposes, such as food, medication and cosmetics. Cosm... more Humans have utilized herbs for a number of purposes, such as food, medication and cosmetics. Cosmetic is a translation of the word "kosm tikos" in Greek, which signifies having the ability to plan and decorate. Cosmetics are a group of cosmetics and health products utilized to improve and may alter someone's appearance and additionally care for the body and face parts. In almost every civilization on earth, cosmetics have such a tradition that spans more than 7,000 years. It is clear that the beauty business has done an amazing job at influencing our minds' perceptions. India now counts among the developing nations that has the fastest-growing cosmetic industries with each passing year. The Indian cosmetics industry registered revenues of more than 350 billion rupees in 2009, despite the global economic downturn. Soaps, creams, and sunscreens are a few of the common cosmetics. Despite the fact that a sizable portion of the world's population views cosmetics as a boon, cosmetics do carry some danger and toxicity. Some of the most recent trends in cosmetics include releases based on biological stimuli, Circular Economy, and in vitro modeling for cosmetics. The category of cosmetics known as "hypoallergenic" can be characterized as those that, when compared to other cosmetic formulas, tend to cause fewer allergic reactions. FDA was affirmed by the court despite claims from the two companies that it lacked the authority to impose the regulation. Subsequently, the United States Court of Appeals ruled that cosmetic businesses may continue to use the phrase "hypoallergenic" on their labels. Those with sensitive skin and hair may have fewer severe allergic reactions thanks to the labeling process. It is clear that cosmetics play a significant part in daily life and are utilized by people of all sexes, resulting in a rise in cosmetic usage.

Current Drug Therapy

Background: Nanotechnology is moving toward future goals in the field of medicines, cosmetics and... more Background: Nanotechnology is moving toward future goals in the field of medicines, cosmetics and hospitality due to the size reduction of material in the range of 1-100nm, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of the material. Objective: This review includes the progress in the field of nanotechnology, its advantages, understanding and applications in antimicrobial therapy. Methods: The manuscripts were collected in the field of antimicrobial research with the help of nanotechnology platforms from different sources like PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google. A total of 236 manuscripts were collected and analyzed, out of which 93 were relevant and considered for the present manuscript. Results: There are diverse forms of metallic nanomaterials that show antimicrobial properties, such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, titanium and many such metal oxides. Various carriers are used to deliver the drug at targeted sites via encapsulating the nanomaterial in polymers, liposomes or in the l...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) has low oral bioavailability due to the presence of active efflux... more Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) has low oral bioavailability due to the presence of active efflux from intestinal P-glycoprotein receptors. Because of the difficulties associated with the oral administration of DOX, there is not yet a commercially available oral formulation of DOX. Nanocarrier system was manufactured utilizing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and treated with chitosan to provide a surface coated. Nanoparticles (NPs) were created using a modified emulsification solvent diffusion (nanoprecipitation) method by electrostatic conjugation of chitosan to modify nanoparticle surfaces. The model was built using a Box-Behnken design with three independent components: X1 (PLGA), X2 (poloxamer 188), and X3 (chitosan concentration). The optimized chitosan-PLGA NPs had a mean particle size of 153.6 nm and a positive zeta potential of 21.51 mV. More than 85% DOX permeated through the everted gut by DOX-loaded chitosan-NPs as compared to NPs prepared with PLGA alone. Chitosan ...

Omics in Horticultural Crops

Polymers

The limited ability of most human tissues to regenerate has necessitated the interventions namely... more The limited ability of most human tissues to regenerate has necessitated the interventions namely autograft and allograft, both of which carry the limitations of its own. An alternative to such interventions could be the capability to regenerate the tissue in vivo.Regeneration of tissue using the innate capacity of the cells to regenerate is studied under the discipline of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Besides the cells and growth-controlling bioactives, scaffolds play the central role in TERM which is analogous to the role performed by extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vivo. Mimicking the structure of ECM at the nanoscale is one of the critical attributes demonstrated by nanofibers. This unique feature and its customizable structure to befit different types of tissues make nanofibers a competent candidate for tissue engineering. This review discusses broad range of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers employed to construct nanofibers as well as biofun...

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Objective: The objective of this work was to increase the bioavailability of Aspirin to the retin... more Objective: The objective of this work was to increase the bioavailability of Aspirin to the retina by increasing its bioavailability to blood. This was achieved by forming aspirin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles Methods: Aspirin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by a solvent evaporation process. The PLGA was dissolved in the proper solvent and added dropwise to the Aspirin-albumin solution revolving at 3000 rpm. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker at 20% concentration. The nanoparticles were obtained after passing the solution through HPH and subsequent centrifugation. Results: The prepared nanoparticles were found to be spherical with the smooth surface as seen in SEM. and with a size of 160.9 nm. Aspirin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed in vitro drug release of 71.4 % and ex-vivo permeation of 66.2 %. The formulation was found to be stable for six months. Conclusion: The developed aspirin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles could be effective for the controlled delivery of aspiri...

Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal

The effects of kiwifruit include its great nutritional status, metabolic health, immune system, a... more The effects of kiwifruit include its great nutritional status, metabolic health, immune system, and digestive benefits. This review summarize, the yellow and green variants of kiwifruit, from a crop with a large worldwide financial impact in the twenty-first century to a decoration of mystery from China in the nineteenth statistical information on about their micronutrient makeup, in unique rising and a differentiated portion of vitamin C and information on the most recent science statistics from a very well and implemented clinical studies here on various positive physiological effects. The digestive benefits for both healthy individuals and those suffering from diarrhea and other disorders such as symptoms of colitis are of particular interest. The ability that pear fiber to retain water, the favorable changes in the human intestinal flora that followed, as well as the occurring protease studies on body weight, energy homeostasis, and insulin-glucose balance maintenance is among the metabolic indicators of diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are affected by kiwifruit consumption. It makes sense to regularly consume kiwifruit as a healthy food due to the rising body of research and market recognition of its health advantages. When developing the best natural dietary plan, the most important health and well-being concerns issues facing people worldwide, kiwis should be taken into consideration.

Journal of drug delivery science and technology, Mar 1, 2024

International journal of drug delivery technology, Dec 24, 2023

INTRODUCTION A little over a quarter of women worldwide are directly touched by breast cancer, ma... more INTRODUCTION A little over a quarter of women worldwide are directly touched by breast cancer, making it one of the most common types of cancer in women. Even though most people with breast cancer are 65 years old. Women of any age can get this disease. 1 It is thought that 0.0001% of women under 20 will get breast cancer, 0.0014% of women 20 to 24 years old, 0.0081% of women 25 to 29 years old, and 0.0248% of women 30 to 34 years old. Although breast cancer mostly affects women, about 1% of all cases are found in men. Breast cancer is still one of the top reasons women die worldwide. The disease is linked to how well they fight off cancer treatments. 2 It is thought that 90% of all treatment failures are due to drug resistance, which can be acquired or built-in. Only 26% of people with metastatic breast cancer in the US will still be alive after 5 years 3. Drug resistance is thought to be caused by several biological factors, such as changes in genetics, bypass mechanisms, altered effectors in DNA repair, acquired resistance that doesn't depend on a specific route, changes in pH, and increased activity of efflux pumps in cell membranes 4. The cancer gets bigger, physical hurdles make it harder for drugs to move around and reach the levels needed for lethal concentrations in the areas of interest. A thick extracellular matrix, interstitial hypertension, and hostile conditions like ABSTRACT Breast cancer continues to be a prevalent and highly lethal cancer affecting women globally. Despite significant advancements in early detection and the development of specific therapeutic approaches, the issue of medication resistance remains a prominent challenge in managing this intricate ailment. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms behind the development of treatment resistance in breast cancer cells. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the occurrence of therapeutic ineffectiveness. This study elucidates several molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their pharmacological responses. The significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in the development of treatment resistance is emphasized. Additional research on the intricacies of innate and acquired drug resistance mechanisms, including genetic modifications, tumor heterogeneity, and the presence of cancer stem cells, has shed light on the multifaceted nature of drug resistance and its dynamic evolution throughout treatment. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of microenvironmental variables, including hypoxia, immune evasion, and tumor-stroma connections, on the development of drug resistance. The investigation of the interplay between tumor suppressors and oncogenes in the emergence of drug resistance is now underway, yielding valuable insights into prospective targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, this study examines the limitations associated with conventional chemotherapy, endocrine therapies, and targeted medicines, while elucidating the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance and proposing potential strategies to overcome it. Emerging therapies like immunotherapies, epigenetic modulators, and new drug delivery methods are looked at to see if they have the potential to get around mechanisms of resistance and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to give clinicians, researchers, and other healthcare workers a full picture of breast cancer's complex drug resistance mechanisms. By figuring out the molecular complexities and signaling pathways that lead to treatment resistance, we aim to speed up the development of new therapeutic approaches and personalized interventions. This will bring us closer to the long-awaited goal of beating drug resistance and making breast cancer a manageable, treatable condition.

Current nanomaterials, Dec 18, 2023

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Jan 7, 2023

Objective: Chitosan-based pregabalin microsphere (CBPM) formulation was prepared to improve in vi... more Objective: Chitosan-based pregabalin microsphere (CBPM) formulation was prepared to improve in vitro mucoadhesion and absorption of pregabalin via intranasal administration. Methods: The CBPM formulations were prepared using the inotropic gelation method and optimized using the Box-behnken design. The optimized CBPM formulation was physico-chemically characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and powder x-ray diffraction. Additionally, the CBPM formulation was characterized for functional parameters such as in vitro mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeability across the sheep nasal mucosa and in vivo anticonvulsant activity in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures model in mice. Results: The design-optimized CBPM exhibited a 91.45 % inclusion efficiency of pregabalin in the microspheres. The Physico-chemical analysis of the individual components and the optimized formulation confirmed the formation of CBPM. The in vitro mucoadhesion study revealed ~80% mucoadhesive of the CBPM to the sheep nasal mucosa. The in vitro dissolution profiles of CBPM was significantly higher (~97%) than that of pure pregabalin (~70%). The CBPM displayed a higher rate and extent of permeability (~90%) than pure pregabalin (~76%) across the sheep nasal mucosa. The in vivo anticonvulsant activity showed that intranasal administration of CBPM resulted in significant (P<0.01) protection against PTZinduced convulsions in mice. Conclusion: The chitosan-based microsphere intranasal formulation could be employed as promising delivery for rapid pregabalin absorption.

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Jan 7, 2023

Objective: To improve ATN's solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate of pentaerythritol-eud... more Objective: To improve ATN's solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate of pentaerythritol-eudragit ® RS100 co-processed excipients (CE) and their potential as a solid dispersion carrier (ATN-CE-SD). Methods: The ATN-CE-SD was prepared using the solvent evaporation technique. The pure ATN, physical mixture, CE carrier, and optimized ATN-CE-SD was physicochemically characterized using Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffractometry, solubility, and in vitro dissolution was used to evaluate solid dispersions. Results: Physical and chemical analysis showed that ATN-CE-SD formed via the involvement of weak intermolecular forces of attraction between CE carrier and ATN. The prepared solid dispersion showed the drug content around ~ 96.94 % w/w, indicating that the solvent evaporation method improved the encapsulation of ATN and, thus, enhanced its drug content. Compared to pure ATN (~ 0.11 mg/ml), ATN-CE-SD (1:2) significantly increased the aqueous solubility by around ~ 25-fold (~ 2.78 mg/ml), indicating solid dispersion improves the solubility of ATN. ATN-CE-SD enhanced the rate of dissolution of ATV (~ 65 %) compared to pure ATN (~ 25 %) and PM (~ 34 %). Likewise, ATN-CE-SD (1:2) improved the rate and extent of ATN (~ 60 %) across the biological membrane compared to pure ATN (~ 22 %) and PM (~ 32 %). The ATN-CE-SD (1:2) improved the dissolution efficiency by around ~ (57.31%) compared to pure ATN (~ 7.02%) and PM (~ 20.43%). According to the study, co-processed excipients could serve as a promising solid dispersion carrier and improve ATN's water solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is possible to use synthetic solid dispersion carriers as alternatives to improve the low water solubility and permeability of ATN.

Annals of phytomedicine, Nov 30, 2023

India is the supplier and has a rich heritage of medicinal plants. Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is... more India is the supplier and has a rich heritage of medicinal plants. Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is frequently used for its phytoconstituents in traditional Indian medicines. Various phytochemicals that henna contains are lawsone (hennatonic acid), tannins, lalioside, lawsoniaside, lawsoniaside B, hennadiol, laxanthones I, II, III, lacoumarin, scopoletin, flavone, glycosides, esculetin, fraxetin, betulin, betulinic. Many animal studies were done using henna extracts as per OECD guidelines. L. inermis has many pharmacological actions such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antiparasitic, tuberculostatic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antimalarial, immune stimulant and anthelmintic. This article elaborates on the morphological, traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological features of L. inermis with its toxicological studies. It is a possible source of natural compounds for developing medications for certain disorders. Henna is used in industries for manufacturing of hair care products.

Annals of phytomedicine, Dec 1, 2022

Changes in mucosal integrity of the stomach and duodenal lining are hallmarks of the condition kn... more Changes in mucosal integrity of the stomach and duodenal lining are hallmarks of the condition known as a stomach ulcer. Nausea, blood in the stools or vomit, perforations, loss of appetite, and weight loss are a few of its symptoms. Many therapy choices for ulcer care, including antihistamines, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and prostaglandins, are all associated with side effects, according to prior research findings. Alternatives to synthetic medicines for various pharmacological disorders include herbal or natural products. In vivo ulcer preventive efficacy of the Fagonia cretica L. plant's aqueous extract against indomethacin as well as cysteamine caused ulcer models were examined in wistar rats with the help of two distinct doses of 200 mg/kg b. w. and 400 mg/kg b. w. In both ulcer models, F. cretica aqueous extract significantly increased percentage protection while reducing stomach lesions. Additionally, the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model prevented mucin from the stomach mucosa from being lost, improved gastric pH, and decreased gastric volume. The current findings indicate that the F. cretica aqueous extract in a dose 400 mg/kg b. w. significantly prevented gastric as well as duodenal lesions in wistar rats. The outcome of this investigation demonstrated that the F. cretica aqueous extract prevented gastric and duodenal lesions caused by indomethacin and cysteamine, respectively.

International journal of pharmaceutical quality assurance, Jun 25, 2023

The chromatographic Applicator was HPTLC-DESAGA Applicator AS 30, and the scanning system was HPT... more The chromatographic Applicator was HPTLC-DESAGA Applicator AS 30, and the scanning system was HPTLC Densitometer CD60, 230V and Windows® software Pro Quant®.

Research journal of pharmacy and technology, Sep 28, 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare pregabalin loaded niosomal dispersion for con... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to prepare pregabalin loaded niosomal dispersion for controlled release of drug and achieve therapeutic effect for longer duration than the available drug delivery. Methods: The niosome carriers were formulated using non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol ratio of 1:1. The effects of non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol on the average particle size and percent entrapment efficiency were studied. Optimization of the formulation was performed by factorial design using Design expert software 11.0. Results: Based on the solutions provided by the design expert software, the formulation resulted in the particle size of 490 nm and 92.4% EE as compared to the predicted values of 491.02nm for particle size and 90% EE. The optimized niosome carriers appeared as multilamellar vesicles, as evident by a scanning electron microscopy study. Anticonvulsant activity of the niosomal dispersion was determined by Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions in mice. Pregabalin-loaded niosomal dispersion displayed a sustained and moderate anticonvulsant effect upto 24 h. Conclusion: Therefore, the present study revealed the possibility of using non-ionic surfactant niosomes as carrier systems for prolonged release of pregabalin.

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, Feb 11, 2019

Introduction:Trimetazidine and Metoprolol combination is more effective in the treatment of cardi... more Introduction:Trimetazidine and Metoprolol combination is more effective in the treatment of cardiac disorders as compared to single drug therapy.Background:Materials and Methods:A rapid, simple, and sensitive HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Trimetazidine and metoprolol from its tablet dosage form and validated. In HPTLC method, standard and sample solutions of Trimetazidine hydrochloride and metoprolol succinate were applied on pre-coated silica gel G 60 F254 TLC plate, and developed by using mobile phase, n-butanol :water: methanol: ammonia as solvent (8.5:0.1:0.1: 0.85, v/v). The drugs on plate were scanned at 213 nm. The method produced compact and well-resolved bands at Rf of 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.66 ± 0.02 for Trimetazidine Hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate respectively. The range for linearity was observed as 500-2500 ng band-1 for Trimetazidine hydrochloride and 500-2500 ng band-1 for metoprolol succinate and correlation coefficient were 0.9991 and 0.9997 respectively.Conclusion:The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for precision, accuracy, Limit of detection, Limit of quantitation, specificity and robustness. The method was checked for suitability in determination of Trimetazidine hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate in their tablet dosage form. The assay result was found to be 99.64 % ± 0.45 and 99.94 % ± 0.53 of percentage label claim for Trimetazidine hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate respectively.

Annals of phytomedicine, Apr 1, 2023

Humans have utilized herbs for a number of purposes, such as food, medication and cosmetics. Cosm... more Humans have utilized herbs for a number of purposes, such as food, medication and cosmetics. Cosmetic is a translation of the word "kosm tikos" in Greek, which signifies having the ability to plan and decorate. Cosmetics are a group of cosmetics and health products utilized to improve and may alter someone's appearance and additionally care for the body and face parts. In almost every civilization on earth, cosmetics have such a tradition that spans more than 7,000 years. It is clear that the beauty business has done an amazing job at influencing our minds' perceptions. India now counts among the developing nations that has the fastest-growing cosmetic industries with each passing year. The Indian cosmetics industry registered revenues of more than 350 billion rupees in 2009, despite the global economic downturn. Soaps, creams, and sunscreens are a few of the common cosmetics. Despite the fact that a sizable portion of the world's population views cosmetics as a boon, cosmetics do carry some danger and toxicity. Some of the most recent trends in cosmetics include releases based on biological stimuli, Circular Economy, and in vitro modeling for cosmetics. The category of cosmetics known as "hypoallergenic" can be characterized as those that, when compared to other cosmetic formulas, tend to cause fewer allergic reactions. FDA was affirmed by the court despite claims from the two companies that it lacked the authority to impose the regulation. Subsequently, the United States Court of Appeals ruled that cosmetic businesses may continue to use the phrase "hypoallergenic" on their labels. Those with sensitive skin and hair may have fewer severe allergic reactions thanks to the labeling process. It is clear that cosmetics play a significant part in daily life and are utilized by people of all sexes, resulting in a rise in cosmetic usage.

Current Drug Therapy

Background: Nanotechnology is moving toward future goals in the field of medicines, cosmetics and... more Background: Nanotechnology is moving toward future goals in the field of medicines, cosmetics and hospitality due to the size reduction of material in the range of 1-100nm, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of the material. Objective: This review includes the progress in the field of nanotechnology, its advantages, understanding and applications in antimicrobial therapy. Methods: The manuscripts were collected in the field of antimicrobial research with the help of nanotechnology platforms from different sources like PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google. A total of 236 manuscripts were collected and analyzed, out of which 93 were relevant and considered for the present manuscript. Results: There are diverse forms of metallic nanomaterials that show antimicrobial properties, such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, titanium and many such metal oxides. Various carriers are used to deliver the drug at targeted sites via encapsulating the nanomaterial in polymers, liposomes or in the l...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) has low oral bioavailability due to the presence of active efflux... more Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) has low oral bioavailability due to the presence of active efflux from intestinal P-glycoprotein receptors. Because of the difficulties associated with the oral administration of DOX, there is not yet a commercially available oral formulation of DOX. Nanocarrier system was manufactured utilizing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and treated with chitosan to provide a surface coated. Nanoparticles (NPs) were created using a modified emulsification solvent diffusion (nanoprecipitation) method by electrostatic conjugation of chitosan to modify nanoparticle surfaces. The model was built using a Box-Behnken design with three independent components: X1 (PLGA), X2 (poloxamer 188), and X3 (chitosan concentration). The optimized chitosan-PLGA NPs had a mean particle size of 153.6 nm and a positive zeta potential of 21.51 mV. More than 85% DOX permeated through the everted gut by DOX-loaded chitosan-NPs as compared to NPs prepared with PLGA alone. Chitosan ...

Omics in Horticultural Crops

Polymers

The limited ability of most human tissues to regenerate has necessitated the interventions namely... more The limited ability of most human tissues to regenerate has necessitated the interventions namely autograft and allograft, both of which carry the limitations of its own. An alternative to such interventions could be the capability to regenerate the tissue in vivo.Regeneration of tissue using the innate capacity of the cells to regenerate is studied under the discipline of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Besides the cells and growth-controlling bioactives, scaffolds play the central role in TERM which is analogous to the role performed by extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vivo. Mimicking the structure of ECM at the nanoscale is one of the critical attributes demonstrated by nanofibers. This unique feature and its customizable structure to befit different types of tissues make nanofibers a competent candidate for tissue engineering. This review discusses broad range of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers employed to construct nanofibers as well as biofun...

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Objective: The objective of this work was to increase the bioavailability of Aspirin to the retin... more Objective: The objective of this work was to increase the bioavailability of Aspirin to the retina by increasing its bioavailability to blood. This was achieved by forming aspirin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles Methods: Aspirin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by a solvent evaporation process. The PLGA was dissolved in the proper solvent and added dropwise to the Aspirin-albumin solution revolving at 3000 rpm. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker at 20% concentration. The nanoparticles were obtained after passing the solution through HPH and subsequent centrifugation. Results: The prepared nanoparticles were found to be spherical with the smooth surface as seen in SEM. and with a size of 160.9 nm. Aspirin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed in vitro drug release of 71.4 % and ex-vivo permeation of 66.2 %. The formulation was found to be stable for six months. Conclusion: The developed aspirin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles could be effective for the controlled delivery of aspiri...

Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal

The effects of kiwifruit include its great nutritional status, metabolic health, immune system, a... more The effects of kiwifruit include its great nutritional status, metabolic health, immune system, and digestive benefits. This review summarize, the yellow and green variants of kiwifruit, from a crop with a large worldwide financial impact in the twenty-first century to a decoration of mystery from China in the nineteenth statistical information on about their micronutrient makeup, in unique rising and a differentiated portion of vitamin C and information on the most recent science statistics from a very well and implemented clinical studies here on various positive physiological effects. The digestive benefits for both healthy individuals and those suffering from diarrhea and other disorders such as symptoms of colitis are of particular interest. The ability that pear fiber to retain water, the favorable changes in the human intestinal flora that followed, as well as the occurring protease studies on body weight, energy homeostasis, and insulin-glucose balance maintenance is among the metabolic indicators of diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are affected by kiwifruit consumption. It makes sense to regularly consume kiwifruit as a healthy food due to the rising body of research and market recognition of its health advantages. When developing the best natural dietary plan, the most important health and well-being concerns issues facing people worldwide, kiwis should be taken into consideration.