Prakash Chandra Jha | Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Prakash Chandra Jha
The article examines the recent trends and issues in Indian federalism. The federal system has be... more The article examines the recent trends and issues in Indian federalism. The federal system has become transformedy in the last seven decades-from being dismissed as a full-fledged federal system to a widely acclaimed federal system in the world. Simply put, Indian federalism has become more meaningful and functional post-liberalisation. The article has examined this turnaround. From a subordinate position till the late 1980s, states rose to occupy a strategic position in India's move from a command economy to a market economy. No wonder, therefore, the Centre became more interested in involving states in even forbidden area such as foreign policy matters. Divisive politics in several states today is being replaced by developmental politics. States are not only competing but also learning from each other. States are being seen by the Centre as drivers of India's growth.
Processes, 2021
Fluoride is widely found in soil–water systems due to anthropogenic and geogenic activities that ... more Fluoride is widely found in soil–water systems due to anthropogenic and geogenic activities that affect millions worldwide. Fluoride ingestion results in chronic and acute toxicity, including skeletal and dental fluorosis, neurological damage, and bone softening in humans. Therefore, this review paper summarizes biological processes for fluoride remediation, i.e., bioaccumulation in plants and microbially assisted systems. Bioremediation approaches for fluoride removal have recently gained prominence in removing fluoride ions. Plants are vulnerable to fluoride accumulation in soil, and their growth and development can be negatively affected, even with low fluoride content in the soil. The microbial bioremediation processes involve bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and biosorption. Bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass are ecologically efficient bioremediators. Most bioremediation techniques are laboratory-scale based on contaminated solutions; however, treatment of fluoride-contami...
Indian Journal of Public Administration, 2022
The role of cooperative federalism in India in dealing with the challenges of the Covid-19 pandem... more The role of cooperative federalism in India in dealing with the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic and its effects such as economic crisis and large-scale human migration, among others, is put to test. The initial stages of the pandemic response highlighted the unitary tilt in the Indian federal structure. At the later stages of this crisis, cooperative federalism also appears to be visible. Nevertheless, the lack of cooperation between the States, and the Centre’s failure to facilitate horizontal federalism without invoking any intergovernmental agency for the purpose has made the lives of migrant workers miserable. An intergovernmental institution such as Inter-Sate Council (ISC) could have been used as a common forum for the Centre and the States for the purpose of both vertical and horizontal cooperative federalism. The pandemic has also brought to the fore the importance of India’s grassroots level of government, though, unfortunately, their potential remains underutilised.
Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of di... more Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of dispute between federal and provincial governments and among provinces. It has become politically controversial given the lack of predictability, accountability and adhoc change in the formula and use of transfer for electoral purpose, among others. Resource federalism has become another major challenge as provinces are now strongly divided between those that possess natural resources and those that do not. Unlike earlier, the major proportion of Canadian population today resides in equalization receiving have-not provinces. This has had profound consequence on fiscal federalism. The very nature of equalization programme and institution of executive federalism through which transfer is operated are highly politicized. The idea of having a non-partisan and independent body responsible for determining and allocating equalization transfers is resisted by both orders of government. The paper e...
Journal of Social and Economic Development, 2015
The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federa... more The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federalism. The study has critically analysed the first generation theory and second generation theory of fiscal federalism. Though the later approaches the problem of fiscal federalism from different perspective, it does not challeng but complements the former. The paper argues that second generation theory is an ongoing effort to bulid a theory in response to fiscal challeneges facing a number of countries. In brief, it is aimed at explaining present-day institutional arrangements which can no longer be adequately explained by employing the first generation theory.
India quarterly, 2004
Inter-governmental disputes and controversies over financial matters have become a persistent fea... more Inter-governmental disputes and controversies over financial matters have become a persistent feature of Brazilian federation since the last two decades. Redemocratisation process that started in 1985 and culminated in the enactment of the new Constitution in 1988 has made Brazil one of the most decentralised federations in the world. Increase in revenues of sub-national governments including transfers from the federal government has not accompanied an increase in expenditure responsibilities, thereby creating serious trouble in the federal government's role in fiscal management. Besides, federal government switched from developmentalist strategies to neo-liberal strategies in the 1990s. This has placed new pressures on states to co-operate with the federal government. Failure to co-operate initially led to a number
Economic and Political Weekly, Sep 28, 2019
India and Latin America’s economic relationship can grow in trade, foreign direct investment (FDI... more India and Latin America’s economic relationship can grow in trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and mutual cooperation. Imports from Latin America have been steadily increasing, from 25.73billionin2017−18to25.73 billion in 2017-18 to 25.73billionin2017−18to36.45 billion in 2018–19 (Viswanathan 2019b). However, this trade is concentrated in a few countries, and is spread across few products. Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil account for two-thirds of the region’s shipments to India. Experts estimate that the trade between India and Latin America has the potential to reach $100 billion by 2025 (Viswanathan 2019a).
Asian Profile, 2019
Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of di... more Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of dispute between federal and provincial governments and among provinces. It has become politically controversial given the lack of predictability, accountability and adhoc change in the formula and use of transfer for electoral purpose, among others. Resource federalism has become another major challenge as provinces are now strongly divided between those that possess natural resources and those that do not. Unlike earlier, the major proportion of Canadian population today resides in equalization receiving have-not provinces. This has had profound consequence on fiscal federalism. The very nature of equalization programme and institution of executive federalism through which transfer is operated are highly politicized. The idea of having a non-partisan and independent body responsible for determining and allocating equalization transfers is resisted by both orders of government. The paper examines these challenges.
Journal of Social and Economic Development, 2015
The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generations of literature in fiscal feder... more The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generations of literature in fiscal federalism. The study has critically analysed the first generation theory and second generation theory of fiscal federalism. Though the latter approaches the problem of fiscal federalism from different perspectives, it does not challenge but complements the former. The paper argues that the second generation theory is an ongoing effort to build a theory in response to fiscal challenges facing a number of countries. In brief, it is aimed at explaining present-day institutional arrangements which can no longer be adequately explained by employing the first generation theory.
Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of di... more Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of dispute between federal and provincial governments and among provinces. It has become politically controversial given the lack of predictability, accountability and adhoc change in the formula and use of transfer for electoral purpose, among others. Resource federalism has become another major challenge as provinces are now strongly divided between those that possess natural resources and those that do not. Unlike earlier, the major proportion of Canadian population today resides in equalization receiving have-not provinces. This has had profound consequence on fiscal federalism. The very nature of equalization programme and institution of executive federalism through which transfer is operated are highly politicized. The idea of having a non-partisan and independent body responsible for determining and allocating equalization transfers is resisted by both orders of government. The paper examines these challenges.
The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federa... more The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federalism. The study has critically analysed the first generation theory and second generation theory of fiscal federalism. Though the later approaches the problem of fiscal federalism from different perspective, it does not challeng but complements the former. The paper argues that second generation theory is an ongoing effort to bulid a theory in response to fiscal challeneges facing a number of countries. In brief, it is aimed at explaining present-day institutional arrangements which can no longer be adequately explained by employing the first generation theory.
The article examines the recent trends and issues in Indian federalism. The federal system has be... more The article examines the recent trends and issues in Indian federalism. The federal system has become transformedy in the last seven decades-from being dismissed as a full-fledged federal system to a widely acclaimed federal system in the world. Simply put, Indian federalism has become more meaningful and functional post-liberalisation. The article has examined this turnaround. From a subordinate position till the late 1980s, states rose to occupy a strategic position in India's move from a command economy to a market economy. No wonder, therefore, the Centre became more interested in involving states in even forbidden area such as foreign policy matters. Divisive politics in several states today is being replaced by developmental politics. States are not only competing but also learning from each other. States are being seen by the Centre as drivers of India's growth.
Processes, 2021
Fluoride is widely found in soil–water systems due to anthropogenic and geogenic activities that ... more Fluoride is widely found in soil–water systems due to anthropogenic and geogenic activities that affect millions worldwide. Fluoride ingestion results in chronic and acute toxicity, including skeletal and dental fluorosis, neurological damage, and bone softening in humans. Therefore, this review paper summarizes biological processes for fluoride remediation, i.e., bioaccumulation in plants and microbially assisted systems. Bioremediation approaches for fluoride removal have recently gained prominence in removing fluoride ions. Plants are vulnerable to fluoride accumulation in soil, and their growth and development can be negatively affected, even with low fluoride content in the soil. The microbial bioremediation processes involve bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and biosorption. Bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass are ecologically efficient bioremediators. Most bioremediation techniques are laboratory-scale based on contaminated solutions; however, treatment of fluoride-contami...
Indian Journal of Public Administration, 2022
The role of cooperative federalism in India in dealing with the challenges of the Covid-19 pandem... more The role of cooperative federalism in India in dealing with the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic and its effects such as economic crisis and large-scale human migration, among others, is put to test. The initial stages of the pandemic response highlighted the unitary tilt in the Indian federal structure. At the later stages of this crisis, cooperative federalism also appears to be visible. Nevertheless, the lack of cooperation between the States, and the Centre’s failure to facilitate horizontal federalism without invoking any intergovernmental agency for the purpose has made the lives of migrant workers miserable. An intergovernmental institution such as Inter-Sate Council (ISC) could have been used as a common forum for the Centre and the States for the purpose of both vertical and horizontal cooperative federalism. The pandemic has also brought to the fore the importance of India’s grassroots level of government, though, unfortunately, their potential remains underutilised.
Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of di... more Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of dispute between federal and provincial governments and among provinces. It has become politically controversial given the lack of predictability, accountability and adhoc change in the formula and use of transfer for electoral purpose, among others. Resource federalism has become another major challenge as provinces are now strongly divided between those that possess natural resources and those that do not. Unlike earlier, the major proportion of Canadian population today resides in equalization receiving have-not provinces. This has had profound consequence on fiscal federalism. The very nature of equalization programme and institution of executive federalism through which transfer is operated are highly politicized. The idea of having a non-partisan and independent body responsible for determining and allocating equalization transfers is resisted by both orders of government. The paper e...
Journal of Social and Economic Development, 2015
The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federa... more The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federalism. The study has critically analysed the first generation theory and second generation theory of fiscal federalism. Though the later approaches the problem of fiscal federalism from different perspective, it does not challeng but complements the former. The paper argues that second generation theory is an ongoing effort to bulid a theory in response to fiscal challeneges facing a number of countries. In brief, it is aimed at explaining present-day institutional arrangements which can no longer be adequately explained by employing the first generation theory.
India quarterly, 2004
Inter-governmental disputes and controversies over financial matters have become a persistent fea... more Inter-governmental disputes and controversies over financial matters have become a persistent feature of Brazilian federation since the last two decades. Redemocratisation process that started in 1985 and culminated in the enactment of the new Constitution in 1988 has made Brazil one of the most decentralised federations in the world. Increase in revenues of sub-national governments including transfers from the federal government has not accompanied an increase in expenditure responsibilities, thereby creating serious trouble in the federal government's role in fiscal management. Besides, federal government switched from developmentalist strategies to neo-liberal strategies in the 1990s. This has placed new pressures on states to co-operate with the federal government. Failure to co-operate initially led to a number
Economic and Political Weekly, Sep 28, 2019
India and Latin America’s economic relationship can grow in trade, foreign direct investment (FDI... more India and Latin America’s economic relationship can grow in trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and mutual cooperation. Imports from Latin America have been steadily increasing, from 25.73billionin2017−18to25.73 billion in 2017-18 to 25.73billionin2017−18to36.45 billion in 2018–19 (Viswanathan 2019b). However, this trade is concentrated in a few countries, and is spread across few products. Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil account for two-thirds of the region’s shipments to India. Experts estimate that the trade between India and Latin America has the potential to reach $100 billion by 2025 (Viswanathan 2019a).
Asian Profile, 2019
Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of di... more Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of dispute between federal and provincial governments and among provinces. It has become politically controversial given the lack of predictability, accountability and adhoc change in the formula and use of transfer for electoral purpose, among others. Resource federalism has become another major challenge as provinces are now strongly divided between those that possess natural resources and those that do not. Unlike earlier, the major proportion of Canadian population today resides in equalization receiving have-not provinces. This has had profound consequence on fiscal federalism. The very nature of equalization programme and institution of executive federalism through which transfer is operated are highly politicized. The idea of having a non-partisan and independent body responsible for determining and allocating equalization transfers is resisted by both orders of government. The paper examines these challenges.
Journal of Social and Economic Development, 2015
The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generations of literature in fiscal feder... more The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generations of literature in fiscal federalism. The study has critically analysed the first generation theory and second generation theory of fiscal federalism. Though the latter approaches the problem of fiscal federalism from different perspectives, it does not challenge but complements the former. The paper argues that the second generation theory is an ongoing effort to build a theory in response to fiscal challenges facing a number of countries. In brief, it is aimed at explaining present-day institutional arrangements which can no longer be adequately explained by employing the first generation theory.
Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of di... more Since the last one decade or so equalization transfer programme has been a principal source of dispute between federal and provincial governments and among provinces. It has become politically controversial given the lack of predictability, accountability and adhoc change in the formula and use of transfer for electoral purpose, among others. Resource federalism has become another major challenge as provinces are now strongly divided between those that possess natural resources and those that do not. Unlike earlier, the major proportion of Canadian population today resides in equalization receiving have-not provinces. This has had profound consequence on fiscal federalism. The very nature of equalization programme and institution of executive federalism through which transfer is operated are highly politicized. The idea of having a non-partisan and independent body responsible for determining and allocating equalization transfers is resisted by both orders of government. The paper examines these challenges.
The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federa... more The recent scholarship has made distinction between two generation of literature in fiscal federalism. The study has critically analysed the first generation theory and second generation theory of fiscal federalism. Though the later approaches the problem of fiscal federalism from different perspective, it does not challeng but complements the former. The paper argues that second generation theory is an ongoing effort to bulid a theory in response to fiscal challeneges facing a number of countries. In brief, it is aimed at explaining present-day institutional arrangements which can no longer be adequately explained by employing the first generation theory.