Isa Baba Koki | Northwestern University (original) (raw)
Papers by Isa Baba Koki
Brazillian Journal of Development, 2024
The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in a selection of commercial non-glutinou... more The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in a selection of commercial non-glutinous rice sampled from Malaysia were determined using microwave assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and the data obtained were evaluated using chemometric techniques. Both principal component analysis and
hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters where the brown rice is associated with higher elemental content compared to the white rice; and Mg level was identified as a key discriminatory factor according to linear discriminant analysis outcomes. The concentrations of macroelements used to exhibit a consistent sequence: K > Mg > Ca > Na; whereas no regular trend was observed on the microelements. The results suggested that the elemental variations in the rice samples were largely attributed to the grain treatment processes while the impacts of the other underlying factors are more apparent on microelemental concentrations. From the nutritional assessment, brown rice appeared to be a noteworthy dietary source of Mg, Mn, and Zn, however, the contributions of Na and Ca to daily needs are negligible.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 2023
Assessment of pollution levels due to toxic heavy metals in surface water is of great importance ... more Assessment of pollution levels due to toxic heavy metals in surface water is of great importance considering the frequent utilization of contaminated rivers for drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes which result in health complications. In this study, water and vegetable samples from Getsi and Tatsa warki Rivers were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Co, Cr, and Mn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), suspended solid (SS), and dissolve oxygen (DO) for the water samples only. The variations in the studied parameters were evaluated using chemometric techniques. The findings of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) suggested that industrial activities significantly contributed to the heavy metal loads of the rivers while the physico chemical parameters were associated with the surface runoff and domestic input. The LDA showed that water samples from Getsi River were much associated with Cr, Pb, Cd, and Co while DO, SS, pH, EC and Mn were associated with Tatsa warki River. Consumption of water from both rivers was found to be unsafe based on metal index analysis, while the average daily intake (ADI) of the vegetables grown identified Cr to be of more health concern. The findings of this research work would be of relevance considering the high rate of industrial discharges with continuous irrigation activities along the rivers and the frequent consumption of vegetables in our homes.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Processed cattle hide popularly known as "Ganda" in Nigeria is widely eaten as a substitute for m... more Processed cattle hide popularly known as "Ganda" in Nigeria is widely eaten as a substitute for meat but the commercial method of processing this food delicacy through singeing with scrap tyres has become a source of concern due to possible heavy metals contamination. This study evaluates the presence and levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the cattle hide samples obtained by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The hide samples analyzed were obtained from seven states across the three geopolitical zones in northern Nigeria. Cd was not detected in most of the samples, notably from Niger, Zamfara, Adamawa and Plateau states, while concentrations of 0.0001±5.77E-5, 0.0005±4.71E-5, and 0.009±0.001 mg/kg detected from Kano, Kaduna, and Taraba, respectively, were lower than the maximum permissible level of 0.05 mg/kg set by the reference limits. Pb concentrations in all the samples analyzed were 1.080±0.072 to 1.760±0.160 mg/kg which surpassed the maximum permissible level of 0.1 mg/kg set by the reference limits, while other heavy metals were below the safe limits. The high levels of Pb introduced to the singed hide beyond the reference limits could be linked to the use of scrap tyres in the burning hairs of the hide, and it could be of great concern after consumption. In view of the above possible health implications that might arise, a detailed and proper health risk assessment technique needs to be employed in future research.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bajopas, 2022
Accumulation of toxic metals in locally harvested crops is of growing concern due to food safety ... more Accumulation of toxic metals in locally harvested crops is of growing concern due to food safety and the associated health risks. This study evaluates the levels of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Mn) in white and brown rice samples locally cultivated in Kano using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Significant variations were observed (p<0.05), and found to be associated with the differences
in rice type. Pb concentrations in all the rice samples analyzed were 0.291±0.024 to 0.699±0.152 mg/kg which surpassed the maximum limit set by FAO/WHO while other metals were below the safe limits, and Cd was not detected in all the rice
samples analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that white rice was much associated with Pb along canonical 1, while Fe and Mn were much associated with brown rice as confirmed by F- Ratio analysis. The presence of high levels of toxic metals beyond the maximum limits in the rice varieties might have originated from the fertilizer and other environmental sources which could be of health concern after consumption.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 2023
A Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-amino... more A Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-aminobenzothiazole via energy-efficient liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis (LAG). The Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes were also synthesized and characterized using IR, Solubility, TGA, PXRD, UV-Visible analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, conductivity measurement, and CHNS/O micro-analysis. In the IR analysis, the Schiff base spectrum revealed a prominent band at 1603 cm-1 (assigned to the azomethine v(C=N) stretching vibration), and the azomethine band shifted to 1621 and 1599 cm-1 in the Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes, respectively (indicating the formation of the expected complexes). In the TGA thermogram, Ni (II) and Cu (II) Schiff base complexes had decomposition temperatures of 184 and 181C, respectively. The PXRD analysis revealed that the patterns of the ground mixture were different from the starting constituents, implying that the raw components were converted into the final product. The theoretical and experimental analytical data of C, H, and N for the Schiff base and complexes are in good agreement. The Schiff base ligand and its complexes were evaluated as agents for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. According to antimicrobial activity studies, complexes exhibit stronger antibacterial activity than the Schiff base.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2021
Stability constants of complexes of four divalent metal ions viz. Cu with humic acids (HA) were d... more Stability constants of complexes of four divalent metal ions viz. Cu with humic acids (HA) were determined by potentiometric titration of humic acids with the corresponding salt of the divalent metals in aqueous media under non The log K (logarithm of the stability constant) ranged from 1.0942 to 2.7471 fo humic acid complexes were determined order of stability constants were obtained as follows: Cu >Pb> Cd > Mg for metal complexes respectively, indicating a higher degree of complexation with Cu metal io
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
First-ever three spectrophotometric methods using sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulf... more First-ever three spectrophotometric methods using sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the widely used sulfa drugs as new class of coupling agents for the spectrophotometric determination of cardol, a phenolic compound found in cashew nut shell liquid, a by-product of cashew industry is proposed. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotized sulfa drugs with cardol to produce an orange yellow colored product with a maximum absorption at 440 nm. The color developed was stable up to 6 h. The methods obey Beer’s law. The methods can be successfully employed for the determination of cardol in presence of anions and cations, which do not interfere in the methods.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Department of Chemistry, Northwest University Kano, Nigeria E mail: isakoki@yahoo.com Tel: +23480... more Department of Chemistry, Northwest University Kano, Nigeria E mail: isakoki@yahoo.com Tel: +2348039092875 For most analytical techniques, it is necessary to destroy the collected material by wet oxidation. Wet oxidation (Digestion) procedures require only simple apparatus and are not subject to significant losses of elements by volatilization or adsorption onto container surfaces. Rigorous digestion procedures are required to solubilize the metals in the soil sample. Soil leaching technique also extracts metals and other soluble constituents from the soil by dissolving them in a liquid phase. The results for the efficiencies of two digestion methods were then compared to soil leaching technique. Solutions obtained by these methods were analyzed for Iron concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The Iron concentrations were (1165 to 2542) μgg1 for soil digestion using Conc. HCl and HNO3, tri acid digestion using Conc. Hf, HClO4 & HNO3 gives Iron concentrations of (130...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2016
This study analyzes the dissolved sediment delivery by Samaru stream, a tributary of Kubanni rese... more This study analyzes the dissolved sediment delivery by Samaru stream, a tributary of Kubanni reservoir. The stream was monitored for 7 months, from 1 st of April to 10 th of October, 2014 which mainly marks the flow period of the year. The study analyzed the dissolved sediment concentration (DSC), discharge (Q), relationship between dissolved sediment discharge (DSD) and discharge (Q) and the estimate of the dissolved sediment yield for the year. The velocity and cross sectional area (AV) method was employed for the discharge measurement of the stream which gave a mean value of 0.2528 m 3 /s, and an annual total discharge value of 4,850,232 m 3 /yr. The lowest discharge of 0.057 m 3 /s was recorded in April and the highest discharge of 4.133 m 3 /s was recorded in August. DSC obtained varies from a minimum value of 20 mg/L to a maximum value of 120 mg/L with a mean value of 58.87 mg/L, and total sum of 4180 mg/L. DSD using the rating curve varied from a minimum value of 1.14 mg/s to...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
In this study, the concentrations of lead and cadmium in eight brands of processed wheat flour co... more In this study, the concentrations of lead and cadmium in eight brands of processed wheat flour consumed were investigated. The metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after pressurized microwave-assisted digestion of the processed wheat samples using a mixture of nitric acid (65% w/w HNO3), and hydrogen peroxide (30% v/v H2O2). The measurements were based on calibrations using fortified analytical solutions. The concentration of lead in the flour samples analyzed was in the range of 0.10 mg/kg to 0.20 mg/kg. However, cadmium concentrations were found to be below 0.005 mg/kg and not detected in some flour samples. Digestion efficiency of microwave assisted digestion combined with ease of operation and robust interface of FAAS is an effective way of detecting the presence of metals such as cadmium and lead in food samples. Calculation of monthly intake of cadmium and daily intake of lead showed that the consumption of average amounts of these foodstuffs d...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Two simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determinati... more Two simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of cisapride (CPD), metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP), sulphadoxine (SDX) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX) containing aromatic primary amino group. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotised drugs with iminodibenzyl (IDB) and 3-chloroiminodibenzyl (Cl-IDB) (new spectrophotometric reagents) in hydrochloric acid medium to yield violet or red colored product with maximum absorption at 570 or 500 nm, respectively. The commonly encountered excipients and additives along with the drug do not interfere with the determination. These drugs can be determined in the range of 0.2-8.0 g/mL, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 1.10% and 1.40% for IDB and Cl-IDB, respectively. Results of the analysis of some preformulations and commercial tablets (Perinorm, Amalar and Bactrim DS for MCP, SDX and SMX respectively) by these methods agree well with those determined by the official me...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International journal of scientific research, 2016
Rivers and lakes are the main sources of water to public in the cities and villages either by ade... more Rivers and lakes are the main sources of water to public in the cities and villages either by adequate treatment or by direct consumption from the source. But the quality of water bodies has now deteriorated due to urbanization, industrialization, farming and other anthropogenic activities; this is of a great concern because of importance of water to our lives. Water pollution is on the high rise globally and results in health complications and deaths due to consumption of polluted water. Water quality assessment and possible classification encompasses critical analysis and frequent monitoring of chemical, physical and biological parameters that affects aquatic organisms and humans. Heavy metals including Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc may be monitored due to their high toxicity even at low concentrations. Other parameters of interest includepH, dissolve oxygen, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand,electrical conductivity, chemical oxygendemand, and nitrates.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Exposure assessment was carried out to evaluate the health risk associated with heavy metals in s... more Exposure assessment was carried out to evaluate the health risk associated with heavy metals in soils around tanneries in Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano, Nigeria. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the metal levels in the soil in the study area, and comparison was made with background soils. Monte Carlo method was successfully applied to obtain a precise metal concentration on the appropriate probability distribution. The exposure to carcinogenic risk (> 10 -4 ) and non-carcinogenic health threat (HI > 1) was ranked in the order: dumpsite of the tanneries > vicinity of the tanneries > farm near the dumpsite, with children receiving the highest exposure than adult. Among the metals studied, chromium (Cr) was the major contaminant and could pose a health threat (HQ >>1) in tannery soils. This is quite alarming and needs a special attention considering Cr toxicity and high carcinogenic tendency. Generally, the trend of heavy metal probabilisti...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
a Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria b De... more a Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, Nigeria c Department of Polymer Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa, Nigeria d Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, P.M.B. 3220, Kano, Nigeria e Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe, Nigeria
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The use of pesticides in agricultural practices is very vital but continuously accumulates in wat... more The use of pesticides in agricultural practices is very vital but continuously accumulates in water, moist soil and contaminate fruits and vegetables. This eventually leads to many health issues such as congenital diseases and different forms of cancers. For this reason, the validated (SANTE 11831-2017) method of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) with the dispersive solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ionic liquid-based (IL-based) in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was used for sample preparation of coconut water to determine multiple pesticides (Dursban, Diazinon, Thiamethoxam, Metalaxyl, Thiobencarb, Baycarb, Carbaryl and Propamocarb) residue using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrument. The results of accuracy for relative recoveries (84 - 134%) were satisfactory because 87.5% of results were within the recommended range (70 - 120%). The precision results range (0-19%) of relative standa...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Heavy metals in the environment may reach to toxic levels to humans and animals due to tannery ef... more Heavy metals in the environment may reach to toxic levels to humans and animals due to tannery effluents, but there is insufficient information about heavy metals pollution and distribution by tanneries. The distribution and sources of heavy metals in soils of Challawa industrial estate area were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis after determining metals concentrations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis suggested that variation in heavy metals concentrations are largely related to tannery operations. The Linear Discriminant Analysis revealed that soils around the tanneries and dumpsites are having high contents of Cr, Pb, and Zn. The metal concentrations showed significant difference (P < 0.05) between tannery and control soil samples. This confirmed the contamination of soils with toxic heavy metals at specific sites of the tanneries, and indicated the need to monitor and remediate ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) is an important tree found in some African countries. In t... more The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) is an important tree found in some African countries. In this study the phytochemical composition of the desert date kernel and some physical and chemical properties of its oil were analyzed using standard procedures. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and glycosides. While the results for the physical analysis of the kernel oil revealed the following: Color, pale yellow; density, 0.910 g/cm 3 ; specific gravity, 0.907; refractive index, 1.458; and viscosity, 19.68. And on the other hand, the results for the chemical analysis of the kernel oil revealed the following: Acid value, 3.06 mgKOH/g; free fatty acid, 1.27; peroxide value, 3.71 mEq/Kg; saponification value, 198 mg/KOH/g; and iodine value, 98.73 100/g. All the results were compared and found to be within the FAO/WHO standards.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Human health is threatened by significant emissions of heavy metals into the urban environment du... more Human health is threatened by significant emissions of heavy metals into the urban environment due to various activities. Various studies describing health risk analyses on soil and dust have been conducted previously. However, there are limited studies that have been carried out regarding the potential health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust of < 63-μm diameter, via incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation exposure routes by children and adults in developing countries. Therefore, this study evaluated the health risks of heavy metal exposure via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of urban dust particles in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) were measured using dust samples obtained from industrial, high-traffic, commercial, and residential areas by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis showed the dominance of these metal concentrations at sites associated with anthropogenic activities. This was suggestive of industrial, traffic emissions, atmospheric depositions, and wind as the significant contributors towards urban dust contamination in the study sites. Further exploratory analysis underlined Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn as the most representative metals in the dust samples. In accommodating the uncertainties associated with health risk calculations and simulating the reasonable maximum exposure of these metals, the related health risks were estimated at the 75th and 95th percentiles. Furthermore, assessing the exposure to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in the dust revealed that ingestion was the primary route of consumption. Children who ingested dust particles in Petaling Jaya could be more vulnerable to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, but the exposure for both children and adults showed no potential health effects. Therefore, this study serves as an important premise for a review and reformation of the existing environmental quality standards for human health safety.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
ABSTRACT Anthropogenic emission is on the increase in urban cities due to increased human activit... more ABSTRACT Anthropogenic emission is on the increase in urban cities due to increased human activities. However, the pollution level of heavy metals in urban environments due to emission from various anthropogenic sources could attain toxic levels to humans and biota. The roadside dust collected from Petaling Jaya, Malaysia was analysed for Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, As, Ni, and Fe by using ZEE nit 650 P Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The contamination levels of these metals were assessed in terms of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cf), and integrated pollution index (IPI). The result of the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the variations found in different concentrations of heavy metals were mainly due to industrial and traffic emissions. The computed results of Igeo and EF of heavy metals in urban dust suggested that there were pollutions of Cd, Cu, Pb, and As. Meanwhile, Igeo and EF of Ni, Cr, and Fe were very low and posed no serious pollution. The Cf and IPI assessments also indicated that Cd, Cu, and Pb were the major pollutants in Petaling Jaya urban dust. On the other hand, the potential ecological risks for single element (Er) confirmed the IPI results and the potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated that generally, the degree of pollution of heavy metals in roadside dust of PJ was considerable. These results could help in the development of suitable management strategies to minimise pollution by using various remediation methods in Petaling Jaya.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Brazillian Journal of Development, 2024
The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in a selection of commercial non-glutinou... more The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in a selection of commercial non-glutinous rice sampled from Malaysia were determined using microwave assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and the data obtained were evaluated using chemometric techniques. Both principal component analysis and
hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters where the brown rice is associated with higher elemental content compared to the white rice; and Mg level was identified as a key discriminatory factor according to linear discriminant analysis outcomes. The concentrations of macroelements used to exhibit a consistent sequence: K > Mg > Ca > Na; whereas no regular trend was observed on the microelements. The results suggested that the elemental variations in the rice samples were largely attributed to the grain treatment processes while the impacts of the other underlying factors are more apparent on microelemental concentrations. From the nutritional assessment, brown rice appeared to be a noteworthy dietary source of Mg, Mn, and Zn, however, the contributions of Na and Ca to daily needs are negligible.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 2023
Assessment of pollution levels due to toxic heavy metals in surface water is of great importance ... more Assessment of pollution levels due to toxic heavy metals in surface water is of great importance considering the frequent utilization of contaminated rivers for drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes which result in health complications. In this study, water and vegetable samples from Getsi and Tatsa warki Rivers were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Co, Cr, and Mn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), suspended solid (SS), and dissolve oxygen (DO) for the water samples only. The variations in the studied parameters were evaluated using chemometric techniques. The findings of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) suggested that industrial activities significantly contributed to the heavy metal loads of the rivers while the physico chemical parameters were associated with the surface runoff and domestic input. The LDA showed that water samples from Getsi River were much associated with Cr, Pb, Cd, and Co while DO, SS, pH, EC and Mn were associated with Tatsa warki River. Consumption of water from both rivers was found to be unsafe based on metal index analysis, while the average daily intake (ADI) of the vegetables grown identified Cr to be of more health concern. The findings of this research work would be of relevance considering the high rate of industrial discharges with continuous irrigation activities along the rivers and the frequent consumption of vegetables in our homes.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Processed cattle hide popularly known as "Ganda" in Nigeria is widely eaten as a substitute for m... more Processed cattle hide popularly known as "Ganda" in Nigeria is widely eaten as a substitute for meat but the commercial method of processing this food delicacy through singeing with scrap tyres has become a source of concern due to possible heavy metals contamination. This study evaluates the presence and levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the cattle hide samples obtained by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The hide samples analyzed were obtained from seven states across the three geopolitical zones in northern Nigeria. Cd was not detected in most of the samples, notably from Niger, Zamfara, Adamawa and Plateau states, while concentrations of 0.0001±5.77E-5, 0.0005±4.71E-5, and 0.009±0.001 mg/kg detected from Kano, Kaduna, and Taraba, respectively, were lower than the maximum permissible level of 0.05 mg/kg set by the reference limits. Pb concentrations in all the samples analyzed were 1.080±0.072 to 1.760±0.160 mg/kg which surpassed the maximum permissible level of 0.1 mg/kg set by the reference limits, while other heavy metals were below the safe limits. The high levels of Pb introduced to the singed hide beyond the reference limits could be linked to the use of scrap tyres in the burning hairs of the hide, and it could be of great concern after consumption. In view of the above possible health implications that might arise, a detailed and proper health risk assessment technique needs to be employed in future research.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bajopas, 2022
Accumulation of toxic metals in locally harvested crops is of growing concern due to food safety ... more Accumulation of toxic metals in locally harvested crops is of growing concern due to food safety and the associated health risks. This study evaluates the levels of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Mn) in white and brown rice samples locally cultivated in Kano using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Significant variations were observed (p<0.05), and found to be associated with the differences
in rice type. Pb concentrations in all the rice samples analyzed were 0.291±0.024 to 0.699±0.152 mg/kg which surpassed the maximum limit set by FAO/WHO while other metals were below the safe limits, and Cd was not detected in all the rice
samples analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that white rice was much associated with Pb along canonical 1, while Fe and Mn were much associated with brown rice as confirmed by F- Ratio analysis. The presence of high levels of toxic metals beyond the maximum limits in the rice varieties might have originated from the fertilizer and other environmental sources which could be of health concern after consumption.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 2023
A Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-amino... more A Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-aminobenzothiazole via energy-efficient liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis (LAG). The Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes were also synthesized and characterized using IR, Solubility, TGA, PXRD, UV-Visible analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, conductivity measurement, and CHNS/O micro-analysis. In the IR analysis, the Schiff base spectrum revealed a prominent band at 1603 cm-1 (assigned to the azomethine v(C=N) stretching vibration), and the azomethine band shifted to 1621 and 1599 cm-1 in the Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes, respectively (indicating the formation of the expected complexes). In the TGA thermogram, Ni (II) and Cu (II) Schiff base complexes had decomposition temperatures of 184 and 181C, respectively. The PXRD analysis revealed that the patterns of the ground mixture were different from the starting constituents, implying that the raw components were converted into the final product. The theoretical and experimental analytical data of C, H, and N for the Schiff base and complexes are in good agreement. The Schiff base ligand and its complexes were evaluated as agents for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. According to antimicrobial activity studies, complexes exhibit stronger antibacterial activity than the Schiff base.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2021
Stability constants of complexes of four divalent metal ions viz. Cu with humic acids (HA) were d... more Stability constants of complexes of four divalent metal ions viz. Cu with humic acids (HA) were determined by potentiometric titration of humic acids with the corresponding salt of the divalent metals in aqueous media under non The log K (logarithm of the stability constant) ranged from 1.0942 to 2.7471 fo humic acid complexes were determined order of stability constants were obtained as follows: Cu >Pb> Cd > Mg for metal complexes respectively, indicating a higher degree of complexation with Cu metal io
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
First-ever three spectrophotometric methods using sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulf... more First-ever three spectrophotometric methods using sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the widely used sulfa drugs as new class of coupling agents for the spectrophotometric determination of cardol, a phenolic compound found in cashew nut shell liquid, a by-product of cashew industry is proposed. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotized sulfa drugs with cardol to produce an orange yellow colored product with a maximum absorption at 440 nm. The color developed was stable up to 6 h. The methods obey Beer’s law. The methods can be successfully employed for the determination of cardol in presence of anions and cations, which do not interfere in the methods.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Department of Chemistry, Northwest University Kano, Nigeria E mail: isakoki@yahoo.com Tel: +23480... more Department of Chemistry, Northwest University Kano, Nigeria E mail: isakoki@yahoo.com Tel: +2348039092875 For most analytical techniques, it is necessary to destroy the collected material by wet oxidation. Wet oxidation (Digestion) procedures require only simple apparatus and are not subject to significant losses of elements by volatilization or adsorption onto container surfaces. Rigorous digestion procedures are required to solubilize the metals in the soil sample. Soil leaching technique also extracts metals and other soluble constituents from the soil by dissolving them in a liquid phase. The results for the efficiencies of two digestion methods were then compared to soil leaching technique. Solutions obtained by these methods were analyzed for Iron concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The Iron concentrations were (1165 to 2542) μgg1 for soil digestion using Conc. HCl and HNO3, tri acid digestion using Conc. Hf, HClO4 & HNO3 gives Iron concentrations of (130...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2016
This study analyzes the dissolved sediment delivery by Samaru stream, a tributary of Kubanni rese... more This study analyzes the dissolved sediment delivery by Samaru stream, a tributary of Kubanni reservoir. The stream was monitored for 7 months, from 1 st of April to 10 th of October, 2014 which mainly marks the flow period of the year. The study analyzed the dissolved sediment concentration (DSC), discharge (Q), relationship between dissolved sediment discharge (DSD) and discharge (Q) and the estimate of the dissolved sediment yield for the year. The velocity and cross sectional area (AV) method was employed for the discharge measurement of the stream which gave a mean value of 0.2528 m 3 /s, and an annual total discharge value of 4,850,232 m 3 /yr. The lowest discharge of 0.057 m 3 /s was recorded in April and the highest discharge of 4.133 m 3 /s was recorded in August. DSC obtained varies from a minimum value of 20 mg/L to a maximum value of 120 mg/L with a mean value of 58.87 mg/L, and total sum of 4180 mg/L. DSD using the rating curve varied from a minimum value of 1.14 mg/s to...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
In this study, the concentrations of lead and cadmium in eight brands of processed wheat flour co... more In this study, the concentrations of lead and cadmium in eight brands of processed wheat flour consumed were investigated. The metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after pressurized microwave-assisted digestion of the processed wheat samples using a mixture of nitric acid (65% w/w HNO3), and hydrogen peroxide (30% v/v H2O2). The measurements were based on calibrations using fortified analytical solutions. The concentration of lead in the flour samples analyzed was in the range of 0.10 mg/kg to 0.20 mg/kg. However, cadmium concentrations were found to be below 0.005 mg/kg and not detected in some flour samples. Digestion efficiency of microwave assisted digestion combined with ease of operation and robust interface of FAAS is an effective way of detecting the presence of metals such as cadmium and lead in food samples. Calculation of monthly intake of cadmium and daily intake of lead showed that the consumption of average amounts of these foodstuffs d...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Two simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determinati... more Two simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of cisapride (CPD), metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP), sulphadoxine (SDX) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX) containing aromatic primary amino group. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotised drugs with iminodibenzyl (IDB) and 3-chloroiminodibenzyl (Cl-IDB) (new spectrophotometric reagents) in hydrochloric acid medium to yield violet or red colored product with maximum absorption at 570 or 500 nm, respectively. The commonly encountered excipients and additives along with the drug do not interfere with the determination. These drugs can be determined in the range of 0.2-8.0 g/mL, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 1.10% and 1.40% for IDB and Cl-IDB, respectively. Results of the analysis of some preformulations and commercial tablets (Perinorm, Amalar and Bactrim DS for MCP, SDX and SMX respectively) by these methods agree well with those determined by the official me...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International journal of scientific research, 2016
Rivers and lakes are the main sources of water to public in the cities and villages either by ade... more Rivers and lakes are the main sources of water to public in the cities and villages either by adequate treatment or by direct consumption from the source. But the quality of water bodies has now deteriorated due to urbanization, industrialization, farming and other anthropogenic activities; this is of a great concern because of importance of water to our lives. Water pollution is on the high rise globally and results in health complications and deaths due to consumption of polluted water. Water quality assessment and possible classification encompasses critical analysis and frequent monitoring of chemical, physical and biological parameters that affects aquatic organisms and humans. Heavy metals including Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc may be monitored due to their high toxicity even at low concentrations. Other parameters of interest includepH, dissolve oxygen, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand,electrical conductivity, chemical oxygendemand, and nitrates.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Exposure assessment was carried out to evaluate the health risk associated with heavy metals in s... more Exposure assessment was carried out to evaluate the health risk associated with heavy metals in soils around tanneries in Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano, Nigeria. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the metal levels in the soil in the study area, and comparison was made with background soils. Monte Carlo method was successfully applied to obtain a precise metal concentration on the appropriate probability distribution. The exposure to carcinogenic risk (> 10 -4 ) and non-carcinogenic health threat (HI > 1) was ranked in the order: dumpsite of the tanneries > vicinity of the tanneries > farm near the dumpsite, with children receiving the highest exposure than adult. Among the metals studied, chromium (Cr) was the major contaminant and could pose a health threat (HQ >>1) in tannery soils. This is quite alarming and needs a special attention considering Cr toxicity and high carcinogenic tendency. Generally, the trend of heavy metal probabilisti...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
a Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria b De... more a Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, Nigeria c Department of Polymer Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa, Nigeria d Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, P.M.B. 3220, Kano, Nigeria e Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe, Nigeria
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The use of pesticides in agricultural practices is very vital but continuously accumulates in wat... more The use of pesticides in agricultural practices is very vital but continuously accumulates in water, moist soil and contaminate fruits and vegetables. This eventually leads to many health issues such as congenital diseases and different forms of cancers. For this reason, the validated (SANTE 11831-2017) method of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) with the dispersive solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ionic liquid-based (IL-based) in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was used for sample preparation of coconut water to determine multiple pesticides (Dursban, Diazinon, Thiamethoxam, Metalaxyl, Thiobencarb, Baycarb, Carbaryl and Propamocarb) residue using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrument. The results of accuracy for relative recoveries (84 - 134%) were satisfactory because 87.5% of results were within the recommended range (70 - 120%). The precision results range (0-19%) of relative standa...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Heavy metals in the environment may reach to toxic levels to humans and animals due to tannery ef... more Heavy metals in the environment may reach to toxic levels to humans and animals due to tannery effluents, but there is insufficient information about heavy metals pollution and distribution by tanneries. The distribution and sources of heavy metals in soils of Challawa industrial estate area were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis after determining metals concentrations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis suggested that variation in heavy metals concentrations are largely related to tannery operations. The Linear Discriminant Analysis revealed that soils around the tanneries and dumpsites are having high contents of Cr, Pb, and Zn. The metal concentrations showed significant difference (P < 0.05) between tannery and control soil samples. This confirmed the contamination of soils with toxic heavy metals at specific sites of the tanneries, and indicated the need to monitor and remediate ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) is an important tree found in some African countries. In t... more The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) is an important tree found in some African countries. In this study the phytochemical composition of the desert date kernel and some physical and chemical properties of its oil were analyzed using standard procedures. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and glycosides. While the results for the physical analysis of the kernel oil revealed the following: Color, pale yellow; density, 0.910 g/cm 3 ; specific gravity, 0.907; refractive index, 1.458; and viscosity, 19.68. And on the other hand, the results for the chemical analysis of the kernel oil revealed the following: Acid value, 3.06 mgKOH/g; free fatty acid, 1.27; peroxide value, 3.71 mEq/Kg; saponification value, 198 mg/KOH/g; and iodine value, 98.73 100/g. All the results were compared and found to be within the FAO/WHO standards.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Human health is threatened by significant emissions of heavy metals into the urban environment du... more Human health is threatened by significant emissions of heavy metals into the urban environment due to various activities. Various studies describing health risk analyses on soil and dust have been conducted previously. However, there are limited studies that have been carried out regarding the potential health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust of < 63-μm diameter, via incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation exposure routes by children and adults in developing countries. Therefore, this study evaluated the health risks of heavy metal exposure via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of urban dust particles in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) were measured using dust samples obtained from industrial, high-traffic, commercial, and residential areas by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis showed the dominance of these metal concentrations at sites associated with anthropogenic activities. This was suggestive of industrial, traffic emissions, atmospheric depositions, and wind as the significant contributors towards urban dust contamination in the study sites. Further exploratory analysis underlined Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn as the most representative metals in the dust samples. In accommodating the uncertainties associated with health risk calculations and simulating the reasonable maximum exposure of these metals, the related health risks were estimated at the 75th and 95th percentiles. Furthermore, assessing the exposure to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in the dust revealed that ingestion was the primary route of consumption. Children who ingested dust particles in Petaling Jaya could be more vulnerable to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, but the exposure for both children and adults showed no potential health effects. Therefore, this study serves as an important premise for a review and reformation of the existing environmental quality standards for human health safety.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
ABSTRACT Anthropogenic emission is on the increase in urban cities due to increased human activit... more ABSTRACT Anthropogenic emission is on the increase in urban cities due to increased human activities. However, the pollution level of heavy metals in urban environments due to emission from various anthropogenic sources could attain toxic levels to humans and biota. The roadside dust collected from Petaling Jaya, Malaysia was analysed for Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, As, Ni, and Fe by using ZEE nit 650 P Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The contamination levels of these metals were assessed in terms of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cf), and integrated pollution index (IPI). The result of the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the variations found in different concentrations of heavy metals were mainly due to industrial and traffic emissions. The computed results of Igeo and EF of heavy metals in urban dust suggested that there were pollutions of Cd, Cu, Pb, and As. Meanwhile, Igeo and EF of Ni, Cr, and Fe were very low and posed no serious pollution. The Cf and IPI assessments also indicated that Cd, Cu, and Pb were the major pollutants in Petaling Jaya urban dust. On the other hand, the potential ecological risks for single element (Er) confirmed the IPI results and the potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated that generally, the degree of pollution of heavy metals in roadside dust of PJ was considerable. These results could help in the development of suitable management strategies to minimise pollution by using various remediation methods in Petaling Jaya.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact