Isa Baba Koki - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Isa Baba Koki

FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 2025

Agricultural pesticides and heavy metals continuous deposition on the environment have overtime c... more Agricultural pesticides and heavy metals continuous deposition on the environment have overtime caused soil, water, and air pollution. They also lead to the serious health risk among humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this article was to appraise various the health risks and environmental pollution caused by agricultural pesticides and heavy metals. Literature search was carried out using six electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, MedlinePlus, HerbMed, and Agricola, using Google Scholar, HotBot, and FreeFullPdf as search engines. A number of health risks identified includes cancer, asthma, cardiac arrest, liver damage, kidney failure, reproductive diseases, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and mental disorders. Environmental pollutions reported include damages to crops, aquatic animals, and air contamination. These continue to escalate overtime due to the agricultural, building construction, industrial, and mining activities that release large amounts of pesticides and heavy metals into the surroundings. In conclusion, pesticides and heavy metals pollute cities and villages causing remarkable health risks and environmental pollution. Unfortunately, children and neonates are the most vulnerable group of humans affected by these chemicals. This literature suggests that authorities should take urgent measures to protect the humans and environment from hazards caused by pesticides and heavy metals.

Babura Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 2024

Heavy metal concentrations in the water, gills, and liver tissues of Oreochromis niloticus were u... more Heavy metal concentrations in the water, gills, and liver tissues of Oreochromis niloticus were used to evaluate the pollution status of Jakara Reservoir in Kano State between February and May of 2024. Analysis of the concentrations of heavy metals was done according to established techniques. Water and fish were collected monthly between 7:00-8:00 am from six sampling stations denoted as A, B, C, D, E and F based on variation of human activities around the reservoir. Variation between sites revealed that the highest mean concentrations of Cu (0.94), Cr (0.85), Cd (0.46), Mn (0.80), Ni (0.57), Co (0.04) and Pb (0.88mg/L) were recorded at site C, while lowest concentrations of 0.02mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.43mg/L, 0.12mg/L, 0.01mg/L and 0.02mg/L were recorded at site E, F, A, A, F, A and B respectively. Metals in soils followed the order of Pb (2.34) > Cr (1.34) > Cu (1.14) > Mn (0.97) > Ni (0.82) > Cd (0.46) > Co (0.45mg/Kg) were recorded at site C while lowest concentrations of 0.83mg/Kg, 0.63mg/Kg, 0.43mg/Kg, 0.38mg/Kg, 0.25mg/Kg, 0.19mg/Kg and 0.08mg/L were recorded at site F, B, C, A, E, F and B respectively. Metals in gills tissues revealed a decrease in the following order of Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd > Mn at sampling site C. Lowest concentrations were recorded at site F in the following order: Cr > Cu > Co > Pb > Ni > Cd >Mn. Liver tissues metals followed a decreasing order of Cu (3.47) > Pb (2.55) > Co (1.98) > Ni (1.34) > Cr (1.23) > Cd (0.79) > Mn (0.74mg/Kg) at site C while lowest concentrations of Co (0.48), Pb (0.32), Cd (0.13), Ni (0.09), Cr (0.05), Cu (0.03), Mn (0.03) were obtained at site D, B, A, B, F, F and A respectively. With the exception of Cu and Co, all measured metal concentrations were higher than the FAO/WHO (2018) recommended limit. It can be concluded that the release of pollutants into the water body, which changed the water quality caused the loss of biota. Therefore, in order to prevent long-term reservoir deterioration, it is advised that indiscriminate pollution release be kept to a minimum.

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2024

Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables (onion, pepper, and tomatoes) were used to evaluate the ... more Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables (onion, pepper, and tomatoes) were used to evaluate the pollution state of Jakara Reservoir in Kano State between February and May of 2024. Analysis of the heavy metals was done according to established procedure. Every month, vegetables were gathered from six sampling locations designated A, B, C, D, E, and F according to the different human activity surrounding the reservoir. The findings showed that onion samples had mean values for Copper (Cu),

Brazillian Journal of Development, 2024

The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in a selection of commercial non-glutinou... more The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in a selection of commercial non-glutinous rice sampled from Malaysia were determined using microwave assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and the data obtained were evaluated using chemometric techniques. Both principal component analysis and
hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters where the brown rice is associated with higher elemental content compared to the white rice; and Mg level was identified as a key discriminatory factor according to linear discriminant analysis outcomes. The concentrations of macroelements used to exhibit a consistent sequence: K > Mg > Ca > Na; whereas no regular trend was observed on the microelements. The results suggested that the elemental variations in the rice samples were largely attributed to the grain treatment processes while the impacts of the other underlying factors are more apparent on microelemental concentrations. From the nutritional assessment, brown rice appeared to be a noteworthy dietary source of Mg, Mn, and Zn, however, the contributions of Na and Ca to daily needs are negligible.

EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 2023

Assessment of pollution levels due to toxic heavy metals in surface water is of great importance ... more Assessment of pollution levels due to toxic heavy metals in surface water is of great importance considering the frequent utilization of contaminated rivers for drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes which result in health complications. In this study, water and vegetable samples from Getsi and Tatsa warki Rivers were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Co, Cr, and Mn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), suspended solid (SS), and dissolve oxygen (DO) for the water samples only. The variations in the studied parameters were evaluated using chemometric techniques. The findings of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) suggested that industrial activities significantly contributed to the heavy metal loads of the rivers while the physico chemical parameters were associated with the surface runoff and domestic input. The LDA showed that water samples from Getsi River were much associated with Cr, Pb, Cd, and Co while DO, SS, pH, EC and Mn were associated with Tatsa warki River. Consumption of water from both rivers was found to be unsafe based on metal index analysis, while the average daily intake (ADI) of the vegetables grown identified Cr to be of more health concern. The findings of this research work would be of relevance considering the high rate of industrial discharges with continuous irrigation activities along the rivers and the frequent consumption of vegetables in our homes.

Processed cattle hide popularly known as "Ganda" in Nigeria is widely eaten as a substitute for m... more Processed cattle hide popularly known as "Ganda" in Nigeria is widely eaten as a substitute for meat but the commercial method of processing this food delicacy through singeing with scrap tyres has become a source of concern due to possible heavy metals contamination. This study evaluates the presence and levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the cattle hide samples obtained by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The hide samples analyzed were obtained from seven states across the three geopolitical zones in northern Nigeria. Cd was not detected in most of the samples, notably from Niger, Zamfara, Adamawa and Plateau states, while concentrations of 0.0001±5.77E-5, 0.0005±4.71E-5, and 0.009±0.001 mg/kg detected from Kano, Kaduna, and Taraba, respectively, were lower than the maximum permissible level of 0.05 mg/kg set by the reference limits. Pb concentrations in all the samples analyzed were 1.080±0.072 to 1.760±0.160 mg/kg which surpassed the maximum permissible level of 0.1 mg/kg set by the reference limits, while other heavy metals were below the safe limits. The high levels of Pb introduced to the singed hide beyond the reference limits could be linked to the use of scrap tyres in the burning hairs of the hide, and it could be of great concern after consumption. In view of the above possible health implications that might arise, a detailed and proper health risk assessment technique needs to be employed in future research.

Bajopas, 2022

Accumulation of toxic metals in locally harvested crops is of growing concern due to food safety ... more Accumulation of toxic metals in locally harvested crops is of growing concern due to food safety and the associated health risks. This study evaluates the levels of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Mn) in white and brown rice samples locally cultivated in Kano using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Significant variations were observed (p<0.05), and found to be associated with the differences
in rice type. Pb concentrations in all the rice samples analyzed were 0.291±0.024 to 0.699±0.152 mg/kg which surpassed the maximum limit set by FAO/WHO while other metals were below the safe limits, and Cd was not detected in all the rice
samples analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that white rice was much associated with Pb along canonical 1, while Fe and Mn were much associated with brown rice as confirmed by F- Ratio analysis. The presence of high levels of toxic metals beyond the maximum limits in the rice varieties might have originated from the fertilizer and other environmental sources which could be of health concern after consumption.

$Research paper thumbnail of Energy-Efficient Synthetic Method, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis and Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) Schiff Base Complexes Derived from 2-Aminobenzothiazole$

ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 2023

A Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-amino... more A Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-aminobenzothiazole via energy-efficient liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis (LAG). The Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes were also synthesized and characterized using IR, Solubility, TGA, PXRD, UV-Visible analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, conductivity measurement, and CHNS/O micro-analysis. In the IR analysis, the Schiff base spectrum revealed a prominent band at 1603 cm-1 (assigned to the azomethine v(C=N) stretching vibration), and the azomethine band shifted to 1621 and 1599 cm-1 in the Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes, respectively (indicating the formation of the expected complexes). In the TGA thermogram, Ni (II) and Cu (II) Schiff base complexes had decomposition temperatures of 184 and 181C, respectively. The PXRD analysis revealed that the patterns of the ground mixture were different from the starting constituents, implying that the raw components were converted into the final product. The theoretical and experimental analytical data of C, H, and N for the Schiff base and complexes are in good agreement. The Schiff base ligand and its complexes were evaluated as agents for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. According to antimicrobial activity studies, complexes exhibit stronger antibacterial activity than the Schiff base.

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2021

Stability constants of complexes of four divalent metal ions viz. Cu with humic acids (HA) were d... more Stability constants of complexes of four divalent metal ions viz. Cu with humic acids (HA) were determined by potentiometric titration of humic acids with the corresponding salt of the divalent metals in aqueous media under non The log K (logarithm of the stability constant) ranged from 1.0942 to 2.7471 fo humic acid complexes were determined order of stability constants were obtained as follows: Cu >Pb> Cd > Mg for metal complexes respectively, indicating a higher degree of complexation with Cu metal io

Novel, Simple, Sensitive and Rapid Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cardol using Sulfanilamides as New Class of Coupling Reagents

First-ever three spectrophotometric methods using sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulf... more First-ever three spectrophotometric methods using sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the widely used sulfa drugs as new class of coupling agents for the spectrophotometric determination of cardol, a phenolic compound found in cashew nut shell liquid, a by-product of cashew industry is proposed. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotized sulfa drugs with cardol to produce an orange yellow colored product with a maximum absorption at 440 nm. The color developed was stable up to 6 h. The methods obey Beer’s law. The methods can be successfully employed for the determination of cardol in presence of anions and cations, which do not interfere in the methods.

Department of Chemistry, Northwest University Kano, Nigeria E mail: isakoki@yahoo.com Tel: +23480... more Department of Chemistry, Northwest University Kano, Nigeria E mail: isakoki@yahoo.com Tel: +2348039092875 For most analytical techniques, it is necessary to destroy the collected material by wet oxidation. Wet oxidation (Digestion) procedures require only simple apparatus and are not subject to significant losses of elements by volatilization or adsorption onto container surfaces. Rigorous digestion procedures are required to solubilize the metals in the soil sample. Soil leaching technique also extracts metals and other soluble constituents from the soil by dissolving them in a liquid phase. The results for the efficiencies of two digestion methods were then compared to soil leaching technique. Solutions obtained by these methods were analyzed for Iron concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The Iron concentrations were (1165 to 2542) μgg1 for soil digestion using Conc. HCl and HNO3, tri acid digestion using Conc. Hf, HClO4 & HNO3 gives Iron concentrations of (130...

Dissolved Sediment Delivery by the Samaru Stream into Kubanni Reservoir of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2016

This study analyzes the dissolved sediment delivery by Samaru stream, a tributary of Kubanni rese... more This study analyzes the dissolved sediment delivery by Samaru stream, a tributary of Kubanni reservoir. The stream was monitored for 7 months, from 1 st of April to 10 th of October, 2014 which mainly marks the flow period of the year. The study analyzed the dissolved sediment concentration (DSC), discharge (Q), relationship between dissolved sediment discharge (DSD) and discharge (Q) and the estimate of the dissolved sediment yield for the year. The velocity and cross sectional area (AV) method was employed for the discharge measurement of the stream which gave a mean value of 0.2528 m 3 /s, and an annual total discharge value of 4,850,232 m 3 /yr. The lowest discharge of 0.057 m 3 /s was recorded in April and the highest discharge of 4.133 m 3 /s was recorded in August. DSC obtained varies from a minimum value of 20 mg/L to a maximum value of 120 mg/L with a mean value of 58.87 mg/L, and total sum of 4180 mg/L. DSD using the rating curve varied from a minimum value of 1.14 mg/s to...

Determination of Lead and Cadmium Content in some Selected Processed Wheat Flour

In this study, the concentrations of lead and cadmium in eight brands of processed wheat flour co... more In this study, the concentrations of lead and cadmium in eight brands of processed wheat flour consumed were investigated. The metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after pressurized microwave-assisted digestion of the processed wheat samples using a mixture of nitric acid (65% w/w HNO3), and hydrogen peroxide (30% v/v H2O2). The measurements were based on calibrations using fortified analytical solutions. The concentration of lead in the flour samples analyzed was in the range of 0.10 mg/kg to 0.20 mg/kg. However, cadmium concentrations were found to be below 0.005 mg/kg and not detected in some flour samples. Digestion efficiency of microwave assisted digestion combined with ease of operation and robust interface of FAAS is an effective way of detecting the presence of metals such as cadmium and lead in food samples. Calculation of monthly intake of cadmium and daily intake of lead showed that the consumption of average amounts of these foodstuffs d...

Simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods for the determinations of cisaprid, metoclopramide hydrochloride, sulphadoxine and sulphamethoxazole

Two simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determinati... more Two simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of cisapride (CPD), metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP), sulphadoxine (SDX) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX) containing aromatic primary amino group. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotised drugs with iminodibenzyl (IDB) and 3-chloroiminodibenzyl (Cl-IDB) (new spectrophotometric reagents) in hydrochloric acid medium to yield violet or red colored product with maximum absorption at 570 or 500 nm, respectively. The commonly encountered excipients and additives along with the drug do not interfere with the determination. These drugs can be determined in the range of 0.2-8.0 g/mL, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 1.10% and 1.40% for IDB and Cl-IDB, respectively. Results of the analysis of some preformulations and commercial tablets (Perinorm, Amalar and Bactrim DS for MCP, SDX and SMX respectively) by these methods agree well with those determined by the official me...

Assessment of Water Quality in Rivers and Lakes With Respect to Heavy Metals and General Water Quality Parameters: A Review

International journal of scientific research, 2016

Rivers and lakes are the main sources of water to public in the cities and villages either by ade... more Rivers and lakes are the main sources of water to public in the cities and villages either by adequate treatment or by direct consumption from the source. But the quality of water bodies has now deteriorated due to urbanization, industrialization, farming and other anthropogenic activities; this is of a great concern because of importance of water to our lives. Water pollution is on the high rise globally and results in health complications and deaths due to consumption of polluted water. Water quality assessment and possible classification encompasses critical analysis and frequent monitoring of chemical, physical and biological parameters that affects aquatic organisms and humans. Heavy metals including Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc may be monitored due to their high toxicity even at low concentrations. Other parameters of interest includepH, dissolve oxygen, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand,electrical conductivity, chemical oxygendemand, and nitrates.

Exposure Study and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils around Tanneries in Challawa Industrial Estate , Kano , Nigeria

Exposure assessment was carried out to evaluate the health risk associated with heavy metals in s... more Exposure assessment was carried out to evaluate the health risk associated with heavy metals in soils around tanneries in Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano, Nigeria. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the metal levels in the soil in the study area, and comparison was made with background soils. Monte Carlo method was successfully applied to obtain a precise metal concentration on the appropriate probability distribution. The exposure to carcinogenic risk (> 10 -4 ) and non-carcinogenic health threat (HI > 1) was ranked in the order: dumpsite of the tanneries > vicinity of the tanneries > farm near the dumpsite, with children receiving the highest exposure than adult. Among the metals studied, chromium (Cr) was the major contaminant and could pose a health threat (HQ >>1) in tannery soils. This is quite alarming and needs a special attention considering Cr toxicity and high carcinogenic tendency. Generally, the trend of heavy metal probabilisti...

a Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria b De... more a Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, Nigeria c Department of Polymer Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa, Nigeria d Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, P.M.B. 3220, Kano, Nigeria e Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe, Nigeria

The use of pesticides in agricultural practices is very vital but continuously accumulates in wat... more The use of pesticides in agricultural practices is very vital but continuously accumulates in water, moist soil and contaminate fruits and vegetables. This eventually leads to many health issues such as congenital diseases and different forms of cancers. For this reason, the validated (SANTE 11831-2017) method of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) with the dispersive solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ionic liquid-based (IL-based) in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was used for sample preparation of coconut water to determine multiple pesticides (Dursban, Diazinon, Thiamethoxam, Metalaxyl, Thiobencarb, Baycarb, Carbaryl and Propamocarb) residue using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrument. The results of accuracy for relative recoveries (84 - 134%) were satisfactory because 87.5% of results were within the recommended range (70 - 120%). The precision results range (0-19%) of relative standa...

A Chemometric Approach for the Distribution and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Tannery Contaminated Soil

Heavy metals in the environment may reach to toxic levels to humans and animals due to tannery ef... more Heavy metals in the environment may reach to toxic levels to humans and animals due to tannery effluents, but there is insufficient information about heavy metals pollution and distribution by tanneries. The distribution and sources of heavy metals in soils of Challawa industrial estate area were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis after determining metals concentrations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis suggested that variation in heavy metals concentrations are largely related to tannery operations. The Linear Discriminant Analysis revealed that soils around the tanneries and dumpsites are having high contents of Cr, Pb, and Zn. The metal concentrations showed significant difference (P < 0.05) between tannery and control soil samples. This confirmed the contamination of soils with toxic heavy metals at specific sites of the tanneries, and indicated the need to monitor and remediate ...

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology