Anita S Arif | Hasanuddin University, Makassar South Sulawesi (original) (raw)

Papers by Anita S Arif

ACLA Symposium , 2018

Bali is composed of Christian, Muslim and Buddhist as minorities, and Hinduism as the dominant re... more Bali is composed of Christian, Muslim and Buddhist as minorities, and Hinduism as the dominant religion. Balinese Hinduism, called Agama Hindu Dharma, is originated from Java, a blend of Shivaism and Buddhism. The theological foundation for religion comes from Indian philosophy while indigenous beliefs form the backbone of the rituals. Basically the life of indigenous and long-lived residents in Bali generally, are religious in terms of running rituals that have been mingled with local culture based on cosmological philosophy that is believed to be the sources of happiness, namely Tri Hita Karana. And, the manifestation of this belief in carrying out this cosmological philosophy can be found as its forms of temple buildings with various levels or degrees of sanctity and sacredness, also shrines and beautiful offerings in almost every space and place. Similarly, community activities in Bale Banjar and in places related to their sacred life moments, such as birth, marriage, death, all of the anniversaries, thanksgiving before, during and after farming and building a house, etc. The life that is rich of meaningful and colorful culture, art and ritual are very interesting and exotic things that formed many beautiful sacred and religious landscapes. This kind of landscape is attracting many tourists, both domestic tourists and foreign tourists. With this reality, it formed, grew and are developing the image of Bali as a very exotic tourist destination. Denpasar as the capital of Bali Province is a city with many cultural and sacred sites. The biggest, most important temple and the most visited by citizens and tourists in this city is Pura Agung Jagatnatha. The temple is located in the 0 km area of Denpasar City, near from the Catur Muka statue. This Great Temple is the main representative of Pura Besakih, the Mother Temple of Bali Island. And, the Mother Temple is located at the slope of Mount Agung in Karangasem Regency. So, for the purpose of developing pilgrimage tours to the sacred sites and cultural landscape in Bali can be considered. For the very first step of a comprefensive and sustainable tourism development planning, at least, regard on visiting Pura Agung Jagatnatha in Denpasar City that is representing the urban area, and of course Pura Besakih, the mother temple, representing the rural area, and indeed because of it is the "gate" of the Crater of Mount Agung, where all the gods and goddesses dwell.

Independent Ethnography Research, 2022

Bali is very special because it is a human home-place in the cosmos that still maintains mystical... more Bali is very special because it is a human home-place in the cosmos that still maintains mystical ritual practices which are ancestral heirlooms. These rituals are becoming more and more controversial in this day as humanity is falling more and more into the material world. Indeed, there are aspects that seem negative or contain darkness in these practices, if we only see them by physical eyes or normal logic. However, this is precisely its strength, namely to maintain a balance between high quality opposites, presenting them in metaphorical and paradoxical language, beyond duality: gong music at the ngaben ceremony, kerauhan at the Calonarang stage, dice gambling game, and tajen gambling game. These four things, as intended, are the embodiment of efforts to maintain the balance of life, which is the philosophy of Balinese cosmology, namely Tri Hita Karana.

Asian Cultural Landscape Association, 2019

Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers... more Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers and the sea have protected the character and traditions of many groups. On the contrary, the character and traditions of each ethnic group influenced the metamorphosis of the local cultural landscape by the use of land for the fulfilment of the necessities of life, death, and for the purpose of sustaining the dignity of the ancestral families and their descendants who are privileged as aristocratic families. The genealogy and the movement of the families and their descendants formed the topogeny. But, in agricultural practice, there is equilibrium because of the influence of nature's work which does not recognize the level of feudalism. The most obvious example is the subak system in Bali that reflects the value of democracy and equality of rights, especially in the use of water for agriculture. Clearly the basis of Indonesia's cultural landscape is rural agricultural landscape. Cultural landscape of Bali, the subak system as manifestation of tri hita karana philosophy was added to UNESCO's world heritage list in 2012 as a site of outstanding universal value to humanity. There are many Indonesian cultural landscapes that were born and morphed from the oral narratives knowledge, delivered generation by generation. Indonesia's national identity as well as the motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (unity in diversity) refers to the variety in the country's internal composition (of natures, religions, languages, cultures) but also indicates that-despite all differences in its multicultural society-there is a true sense of unity (Indonesianness) among the people of Indonesia. So, variety of cultural landscapes is one of national identity of Indonesia.

We have all heard about animism as a part of Balinese Hinduism. Some people might consider this p... more We have all heard about animism as a part of Balinese Hinduism. Some people might consider this primitive, the worshipping of mountains, the fight between good and evil and ancestor worship. Nevertheless, animist beliefs have been melded with Hinduism to form Agama Hindu, the local version of the religion, based on Tri Hita Karana cosmological philosophy. Standing at 1,717 meters high, Mount Batur is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. This mountain has a large caldera that is considered one of the largest and most beautiful in the world. The caldera formed after two major eruptions 29.300 and 20.150 years ago. Dried Black Mountain still has a spirit and gives life to the surrounding community. Located in the area of Kintamani, Bangli Regency, the mountain has erupted 26 times since 1804. The biggest eruption was in 1926 that led to the village of Batur is covered by lava. The last eruption occurred in 2000, but fortunately it was not a massive eruption. So Batur Village located south of the volcano that there now is a new village built after the eruption. According to the story in the script, Mount Batur is actually the peak of Mount Mahameru displaced by Bathara Pasupati to make it as a palace for the Goddess Danu. that's why people come to mount batur bali on a particular day and make offerings at Ulun Danu Batur Temple in honor of Dewi Danu Bathara Pasupati and so they would bless the people with fertile soil and prosperity. Mount Batur plays an important role in the lives of people around the volcano as well as everyone on this island. In Batur Caldera, the volcano, the craters, and the lake are located side by side, and the mountain scenery of the village of penelokan a perfect view.

Poor facilities for pedestrians in the streets could adversely affect humans and the environment.... more Poor facilities for pedestrians in the streets could adversely affect humans and the environment. The adverse effects include: accidents to pedestrians by motorists; A growing number of motor vehicles, so that traffic jams occur more frequently; The higher the level of air pollution; More and more citizens are diseased related to the respiratory system; And diseases that attack the respiratory system and lungs would also attack the nervous system and the brain; Community would diminishing their power of thought and intelligence, so that our human resources we would be getting worse. Efforts to reduce people's reliance on private vehicles is the provision of good public transport system, in quality and quantity. The public transit system cannot stand alone. Any sophisticated public transport system if there is not good pedestrian facilities, the comfort and safety of the traveling public transit users cannot be considered adequate. Need connectivity between modes of transport, in the form of pedestrian lane.

Basically subak is a manifestation of tri hita karana, the philosophy of Balinese cosmology, thre... more Basically subak is a manifestation of tri hita karana, the philosophy of Balinese cosmology, three essential source of happiness: parhyangan, the harmonious relationship between humans/people and God; pawongan, the harmonious relationship among people/community; palemahan, the harmonious relationship between humans/people and the natural environment. Subak system has existed since the 8th century AD marked the inscription in the village of Kintamani, Sukawana District, Bangli Regency, that was engraved some words about farming (kesuwakan), the word “huma” which means rice fields (subak yeh) and “parlak” which crops dry fields (subak abian), etc.
The original agriculture of subak is a complex system combining spiritual practices, irrigation technology, organic farming, and special social organization. It was added to UNESCO’s world heritage list in 2012 as a site of outstanding universal value to humanity. Organic farming was practiced by local farmers centuries before chemical syntehetic material of farming being used. And the organic farming proved to provide ecological sustainability for the local food supply at that time.
Condition of the farming communities is now a bit worrying because some matters. It is necessary to empower farming communities to run not just organic farming, but integrated organic farming. Its integration include some things in order to build a mutual rural-urban linkage. For the show case, my team are going to facilitate a farming community of Subak Blongyang in Megati Village, East Selemadeg, Tabanan Regency. It could be seen that running an integrated organic farming system is an attempt to strengthen the Philosophy of Tri Hita Karana.

Keywords: ecological sustainability, integrated organic farming, rural-urban linkage, subak, tri hita karana.

People centered development is one of the main requirements of sustainable development. This is w... more People centered development is one of the main requirements of sustainable development. This is why public or community participation is necessary to be built first in every development program.

Conference Presentations by Anita S Arif

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018 , 2018

Report 01-a of The 7-ACLA (Asian Cultural Landscape Association) International Symposium Theme: ... more Report 01-a of The 7-ACLA (Asian Cultural Landscape Association) International Symposium

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018
Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:

Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

IFLA~APELA Workshop in Seoul, 2019

Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers... more Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers and the sea have protected the character and traditions of many groups. On the contrary, the character and traditions of each ethnic group influenced the metamorphosis of the local cultural landscape by the use of land for the fulfilment of the necessities of life, death, and for the purpose of sustaining the dignity of the ancestral families and their descendants who are privileged as aristocratic families. The genealogy and the movement of the families and their descendants formed the topogeny. But, in agricultural practice, there is equilibrium because of the influence of nature's work which does not recognize the level of feudalism. The most obvious example is the subak system in Bali that reflects the value of democracy and equality of rights, especially in the use of water for agriculture. Clearly the basis of Indonesia's cultural landscape is rural agricultural landscape. Cultural landscape of Bali, the subak system as manifestation of tri hita karana philosophy was added to UNESCO's world heritage list in 2012 as a site of outstanding universal value to humanity. There are many Indonesian cultural landscapes that were born and morphed from the oral narratives knowledge, delivered generation by generation. Indonesia's national identity as well as the motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (unity in diversity) refers to the variety in the country's internal composition (of natures, religions, languages, cultures) but also indicates that-despite all differences in its multicultural society-there is a true sense of unity (Indonesianness) among the people of Indonesia. So, variety of cultural landscapes is one of national identity of Indonesia.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018 , 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018 , 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium , 2018

Bali is composed of Christian, Muslim and Buddhist as minorities, and Hinduism as the dominant re... more Bali is composed of Christian, Muslim and Buddhist as minorities, and Hinduism as the dominant religion. Balinese Hinduism, called Agama Hindu Dharma, is originated from Java, a blend of Shivaism and Buddhism. The theological foundation for religion comes from Indian philosophy while indigenous beliefs form the backbone of the rituals. Basically the life of indigenous and long-lived residents in Bali generally, are religious in terms of running rituals that have been mingled with local culture based on cosmological philosophy that is believed to be the sources of happiness, namely Tri Hita Karana. And, the manifestation of this belief in carrying out this cosmological philosophy can be found as its forms of temple buildings with various levels or degrees of sanctity and sacredness, also shrines and beautiful offerings in almost every space and place. Similarly, community activities in Bale Banjar and in places related to their sacred life moments, such as birth, marriage, death, all of the anniversaries, thanksgiving before, during and after farming and building a house, etc. The life that is rich of meaningful and colorful culture, art and ritual are very interesting and exotic things that formed many beautiful sacred and religious landscapes. This kind of landscape is attracting many tourists, both domestic tourists and foreign tourists. With this reality, it formed, grew and are developing the image of Bali as a very exotic tourist destination. Denpasar as the capital of Bali Province is a city with many cultural and sacred sites. The biggest, most important temple and the most visited by citizens and tourists in this city is Pura Agung Jagatnatha. The temple is located in the 0 km area of Denpasar City, near from the Catur Muka statue. This Great Temple is the main representative of Pura Besakih, the Mother Temple of Bali Island. And, the Mother Temple is located at the slope of Mount Agung in Karangasem Regency. So, for the purpose of developing pilgrimage tours to the sacred sites and cultural landscape in Bali can be considered. For the very first step of a comprefensive and sustainable tourism development planning, at least, regard on visiting Pura Agung Jagatnatha in Denpasar City that is representing the urban area, and of course Pura Besakih, the mother temple, representing the rural area, and indeed because of it is the "gate" of the Crater of Mount Agung, where all the gods and goddesses dwell.

Independent Ethnography Research, 2022

Bali is very special because it is a human home-place in the cosmos that still maintains mystical... more Bali is very special because it is a human home-place in the cosmos that still maintains mystical ritual practices which are ancestral heirlooms. These rituals are becoming more and more controversial in this day as humanity is falling more and more into the material world. Indeed, there are aspects that seem negative or contain darkness in these practices, if we only see them by physical eyes or normal logic. However, this is precisely its strength, namely to maintain a balance between high quality opposites, presenting them in metaphorical and paradoxical language, beyond duality: gong music at the ngaben ceremony, kerauhan at the Calonarang stage, dice gambling game, and tajen gambling game. These four things, as intended, are the embodiment of efforts to maintain the balance of life, which is the philosophy of Balinese cosmology, namely Tri Hita Karana.

Asian Cultural Landscape Association, 2019

Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers... more Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers and the sea have protected the character and traditions of many groups. On the contrary, the character and traditions of each ethnic group influenced the metamorphosis of the local cultural landscape by the use of land for the fulfilment of the necessities of life, death, and for the purpose of sustaining the dignity of the ancestral families and their descendants who are privileged as aristocratic families. The genealogy and the movement of the families and their descendants formed the topogeny. But, in agricultural practice, there is equilibrium because of the influence of nature's work which does not recognize the level of feudalism. The most obvious example is the subak system in Bali that reflects the value of democracy and equality of rights, especially in the use of water for agriculture. Clearly the basis of Indonesia's cultural landscape is rural agricultural landscape. Cultural landscape of Bali, the subak system as manifestation of tri hita karana philosophy was added to UNESCO's world heritage list in 2012 as a site of outstanding universal value to humanity. There are many Indonesian cultural landscapes that were born and morphed from the oral narratives knowledge, delivered generation by generation. Indonesia's national identity as well as the motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (unity in diversity) refers to the variety in the country's internal composition (of natures, religions, languages, cultures) but also indicates that-despite all differences in its multicultural society-there is a true sense of unity (Indonesianness) among the people of Indonesia. So, variety of cultural landscapes is one of national identity of Indonesia.

We have all heard about animism as a part of Balinese Hinduism. Some people might consider this p... more We have all heard about animism as a part of Balinese Hinduism. Some people might consider this primitive, the worshipping of mountains, the fight between good and evil and ancestor worship. Nevertheless, animist beliefs have been melded with Hinduism to form Agama Hindu, the local version of the religion, based on Tri Hita Karana cosmological philosophy. Standing at 1,717 meters high, Mount Batur is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. This mountain has a large caldera that is considered one of the largest and most beautiful in the world. The caldera formed after two major eruptions 29.300 and 20.150 years ago. Dried Black Mountain still has a spirit and gives life to the surrounding community. Located in the area of Kintamani, Bangli Regency, the mountain has erupted 26 times since 1804. The biggest eruption was in 1926 that led to the village of Batur is covered by lava. The last eruption occurred in 2000, but fortunately it was not a massive eruption. So Batur Village located south of the volcano that there now is a new village built after the eruption. According to the story in the script, Mount Batur is actually the peak of Mount Mahameru displaced by Bathara Pasupati to make it as a palace for the Goddess Danu. that's why people come to mount batur bali on a particular day and make offerings at Ulun Danu Batur Temple in honor of Dewi Danu Bathara Pasupati and so they would bless the people with fertile soil and prosperity. Mount Batur plays an important role in the lives of people around the volcano as well as everyone on this island. In Batur Caldera, the volcano, the craters, and the lake are located side by side, and the mountain scenery of the village of penelokan a perfect view.

Poor facilities for pedestrians in the streets could adversely affect humans and the environment.... more Poor facilities for pedestrians in the streets could adversely affect humans and the environment. The adverse effects include: accidents to pedestrians by motorists; A growing number of motor vehicles, so that traffic jams occur more frequently; The higher the level of air pollution; More and more citizens are diseased related to the respiratory system; And diseases that attack the respiratory system and lungs would also attack the nervous system and the brain; Community would diminishing their power of thought and intelligence, so that our human resources we would be getting worse. Efforts to reduce people's reliance on private vehicles is the provision of good public transport system, in quality and quantity. The public transit system cannot stand alone. Any sophisticated public transport system if there is not good pedestrian facilities, the comfort and safety of the traveling public transit users cannot be considered adequate. Need connectivity between modes of transport, in the form of pedestrian lane.

Basically subak is a manifestation of tri hita karana, the philosophy of Balinese cosmology, thre... more Basically subak is a manifestation of tri hita karana, the philosophy of Balinese cosmology, three essential source of happiness: parhyangan, the harmonious relationship between humans/people and God; pawongan, the harmonious relationship among people/community; palemahan, the harmonious relationship between humans/people and the natural environment. Subak system has existed since the 8th century AD marked the inscription in the village of Kintamani, Sukawana District, Bangli Regency, that was engraved some words about farming (kesuwakan), the word “huma” which means rice fields (subak yeh) and “parlak” which crops dry fields (subak abian), etc.
The original agriculture of subak is a complex system combining spiritual practices, irrigation technology, organic farming, and special social organization. It was added to UNESCO’s world heritage list in 2012 as a site of outstanding universal value to humanity. Organic farming was practiced by local farmers centuries before chemical syntehetic material of farming being used. And the organic farming proved to provide ecological sustainability for the local food supply at that time.
Condition of the farming communities is now a bit worrying because some matters. It is necessary to empower farming communities to run not just organic farming, but integrated organic farming. Its integration include some things in order to build a mutual rural-urban linkage. For the show case, my team are going to facilitate a farming community of Subak Blongyang in Megati Village, East Selemadeg, Tabanan Regency. It could be seen that running an integrated organic farming system is an attempt to strengthen the Philosophy of Tri Hita Karana.

Keywords: ecological sustainability, integrated organic farming, rural-urban linkage, subak, tri hita karana.

People centered development is one of the main requirements of sustainable development. This is w... more People centered development is one of the main requirements of sustainable development. This is why public or community participation is necessary to be built first in every development program.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018 , 2018

Report 01-a of The 7-ACLA (Asian Cultural Landscape Association) International Symposium Theme: ... more Report 01-a of The 7-ACLA (Asian Cultural Landscape Association) International Symposium

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018
Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:

Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

IFLA~APELA Workshop in Seoul, 2019

Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers... more Indonesia is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. The barriers of the mountains, big rivers and the sea have protected the character and traditions of many groups. On the contrary, the character and traditions of each ethnic group influenced the metamorphosis of the local cultural landscape by the use of land for the fulfilment of the necessities of life, death, and for the purpose of sustaining the dignity of the ancestral families and their descendants who are privileged as aristocratic families. The genealogy and the movement of the families and their descendants formed the topogeny. But, in agricultural practice, there is equilibrium because of the influence of nature's work which does not recognize the level of feudalism. The most obvious example is the subak system in Bali that reflects the value of democracy and equality of rights, especially in the use of water for agriculture. Clearly the basis of Indonesia's cultural landscape is rural agricultural landscape. Cultural landscape of Bali, the subak system as manifestation of tri hita karana philosophy was added to UNESCO's world heritage list in 2012 as a site of outstanding universal value to humanity. There are many Indonesian cultural landscapes that were born and morphed from the oral narratives knowledge, delivered generation by generation. Indonesia's national identity as well as the motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (unity in diversity) refers to the variety in the country's internal composition (of natures, religions, languages, cultures) but also indicates that-despite all differences in its multicultural society-there is a true sense of unity (Indonesianness) among the people of Indonesia. So, variety of cultural landscapes is one of national identity of Indonesia.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018 , 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018 , 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

CLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

ACLA Symposium 2018, 2018

Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism Dat... more Theme: Pilgrimage Cities & Cultural Landscapes of Asia and Prospects for Sustainable Tourism

Date: 23~26 October 2018.

Main Venue: Swami Vivekananda Auditorium, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad, UP 224001, India.

Preamble and the Focal Sub-Themes:
Most of the ancient cultures, especially the Asians in the ancient past ordered the natural world on cosmological principles and shaped harmonious relation with nature. Mountains and springs, plains and rivers, were sites and channels of sacred power from historical events and timeless sacred forces. And, geographical features were inscribed by human hands to mark their sacredness in the frame of built structures. Such natural and constructed places commonly became centres of religious heritage, pilgrimage and spiritual tourism, serving as pivot of harmonizing the world through their inherent message, underpinning meanings, and realizing the interconnectedness among the people and culture. That is how they require special care for understanding, preservation and planning. This Symposium will examine the role of religious heritage sites of pilgrimage cities and associated cultural landscapes in promoting sustainable tourism, with emphasis on awakening the deeper cultural sense in harmonizing the world, drawing upon the perspectives of multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural interfaces, beyond the world of Asia.
(A) Sacred Landscape, Religious Heritage and Sustainable Tourism
(B) Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape and Cosmogram
(C) Heritage Cities, Religious notions and making of Harmonious World
(D) Holy-Heritage Cities: Cultural Landscapes, Sustainable Tourism & Heritage Planning
(E) Making and Projecting Ayodhya, India’s Cultural Capital and Heritage City

Structure:
3-days Symposium and keynote addresses (23~25 October 2018), and 1-day field trip (26 October 2018) to experience the sacredscapes and ghats together with rituals and part of pilgrimage and heritage walk in and around Ayodhya-Faizabad.

IFLA CL International Symposium, 2019

The life perspective of some Balinese like my neighbor's grandmother, like my friend's friend's g... more The life perspective of some Balinese like my neighbor's grandmother, like my friend's friend's grandfather in North Bali and their peers are very interesting. Their perspective on life and their way of life has been inherited from generation to generation in Bali, which they call "Agama Bali".

Agama Bali has grown and has developed on this island that are fertile, green and lush by various species of fruit trees and flowers, so natural. Here, the presence of Bhatara-Bhatari (holy spirits) is very real: in the cool and gentle breeze, in the movement of leaves, tree branches, the sparkle of dew at the tips of leaves and flower petals, mossy cliffs overgrown with various ferns and river rocks also beautiful in randomness.

IFLA CL International Symposium, 2019

The life way of Balinese people in the past manifested itself in several cultural landscapes. In ... more The life way of Balinese people in the past manifested itself in several cultural landscapes. In fact, efforts to reuse the used water have been carried out by Balinese people in the past. At least, there are five types of cultural landscapes that are closely related to the water management system in Bali, namely sacred big trees (near kahyangan temples), subak, beji, bulakan and kolam BALI. In the temples of Kahyangan (Pura Dalem, Pura Desa and Pura Puseh) in almost every traditional village in Bali, there must be one or more sacred big tree(s) that are sacred. Those trees are the nature element to keep water availability underground. Subak is a system of water distribution / irrigation in a certain area of farming. Beji is an area of holy spring, sources of (holy) water used in every religious ceremony. A shallow dug well that are only 2 meters to 5 meters deep is called bulakan. In Bali, every bulakan is believed to have a guardian spirit, so that on certain days, the owner or one of the inhabitants of the compound also put offerings at the edge of it as the part of prayers, especially in each new moon and full moon day. Kolam BALI is a pond where people can store waste water from the bathroom or overflow from septic tank which is also a place to breed lotus and water lily and the like. It is a waste water garden pond. The main point is that water conservation in Bali actually had been taught by our ancestors in Bali. But why does the water crisis in the dry season occur in many places in Bali? Can we restore the cultural landscapes related to the sustainability of water resources?

We have all heard about animism as a part of Balinese Hinduism. Some people might consider this p... more We have all heard about animism as a part of Balinese Hinduism. Some people might consider this primitive, the worshipping of mountains, the fight between good and evil and ancestor worship. Nevertheless, animist beliefs have been melded with Hinduism to form Agama Hindu, the local version of the religion, based on Tri Hita Karana cosmological philosophy.

Standing at 1,717 meters high, Mount Batur is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. This mountain has a large caldera that is considered one of the largest and most beautiful in the world. The caldera formed after two major eruptions 29.300 and 20.150 years ago. Dried Black Mountain still has a spirit and gives life to the surrounding community.

Located in the area of Kintamani, Bangli Regency, the mountain has erupted 26 times since 1804. The biggest eruption was in 1926 that led to the village of Batur is covered by lava. The last eruption occurred in 2000, but fortunately it was not a massive eruption. So Batur Village located south of the volcano that there now is a new village built after the eruption.
According to the story in the script, Mount Batur is actually the peak of Mount Mahameru displaced by Bathara Pasupati to make it as a palace for the Goddess Danu. that's why people come to mount batur bali on a particular day and make offerings at Ulun Danu Batur Temple in honor of Dewi Danu Bathara Pasupati and so they would bless the people with fertile soil and prosperity. Mount Batur plays an important role in the lives of people around the volcano as well as everyone on this island. In Batur Caldera, the volcano, the craters, and the lake are located side by side, and the mountain scenery of the village of penelokan a perfect view.

Keywords: active volcanoes, animism, balinese hinduism, tri hita karana.

Poor facilities for pedestrians in the streets could adversely affect humans and the environment.... more Poor facilities for pedestrians in the streets could adversely affect humans and the environment. The adverse effects include: accidents to pedestrians by motorists; A growing number of motor vehicles, so that traffic jams occur more frequently; The higher the level of air pollution; More and more citizens are diseased related to the respiratory system; And diseases that attack the respiratory system and lungs would also attack the nervous system and the brain; Community would diminishing their power of thought and intelligence, so that our human resources we would be getting worse.

Efforts to reduce people's reliance on private vehicles is the provision of good public transport system, in quality and quantity. The public transit system cannot stand alone. Any sophisticated public transport system if there is not good pedestrian facilities, the comfort and safety of the traveling public transit users cannot be considered adequate. Need connectivity between modes of transport, in the form of pedestrian lane.

Report of the World Health Organization (WHO), entitled 'Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013’ states that in the world, every day, an average of 747 pedestrians are killed in road accidents. Not only pedestrians, those are also categorized as accident prone ones are pedal cyclists. WHO’s data figures, worldwide, approximately 169 pedal cyclists are killed in road accidents every day.

Indonesia has a law that protect pedestrians and pedal cyclists. After Law No. 22 year 2009 on LLAJ published in 2009, Indonesia has a derivatives rule. Government Regulation (PP) No. 79 year 2013 on Traffic Network and Road Transportation.

Mentioned in the Government Regulation that the road must be equipped with facilities for bicycles, pedestrians and the difabled. For bicycle lanes on the road are separated physically and/or by markings. Bicycle lanes must meet security requirements. Lane for pedal cyclists can also be used together with pedestrians.

The facility must include at least all the traffic signs that were given signage for the difabled. Pedestrian facilities: First, an avowed crossings with road markings, signage and paraphernalia of the signal traffic; Second, the sidewalk. Sidewalk amenities should be provided on roads around the center of activity; Third, pedestrian bridges; and fourth, tunnel crossings.

In the Minister of Public Works Rule No. 03/Prt/M/ 2014 on Guidelines for Planning, Provision and Use of Walking Infrastructure Network in Urban Area, contained the principles and provisions of the planning, provision and use of infrastructure network of pedestrians facilities, as well as service standards of pedestrian paths.

Besides to pedestrian safety, the urgency of pedestrian network provision that is integrated with the mass public transport system is the aspect of public health and the environment protection. The uncontrolled development of traffic conditions on urban streets in Indonesia, including in Bali more alarming. Without realizing it, this kind of development also undermine the economic aspects as well as the resilience of the country, because it can lead to decreasing the quality of human resources by diseases caused by air pollution.

This study is an attempt to invite the parties, stakeholders and shareholders to aware the issues of Pedestrian Streetscape: to understand the problems, to learn the universal standards, generic national requirements contained in laws, government regulations, and ministerial decree on Guidelines for Planning, Provision and Use of Pedestrians Infrastructure Network. Also, to suite specific local rules in local government implementation method as well as social cultural and technical requirements.

Keywords:
difabled, government regulation, law, ministerial decree, pedal cyclists, pedestrian facilities, pedestrian streetscape, pedestrians, public transit users, sidewalk amenities

Nujeongwon & Kelestarian Ekologis, 2021

In Korea, where nature is beautiful, there is mostly a 樓亭 (nujeong), which means a tower and a pa... more In Korea, where nature is beautiful, there is mostly a 樓亭 (nujeong), which means a tower and a pavilion literally. The absence of nujeong in Korean traditional landscape gardens is unimaginable.

In the terminology of the Western concept, “a garden is an artificial and fenced area decorated for aesthetic and practical purposes.”

Different from the Western terminology that applies in almost all parts of the world, “a traditional Korean landscape garden, 樓亭苑 (nujeongwon) is an exterior space, organized visually and conceptually as a whole, centered around nujeong building.” This definition was thought deeply and declared firstly by Prof. Kim Sung-Kyun, to distinguish traditional Korean gardens from Western concepts of gardens, and because he cannot explain a nujeongwon in terms of the Western concept of a garden.

This study was started with the concept, that in traditional Korean architecture, building names that end with –jeong (pavilion) or –nu (tower) do not merely indicate a jeong building or a nu building, but also the landscape surrounding the building, which is called a nujeongwon (Korean Landscape Garden). The nujeong environment is not just nature but conceptualized landscapes.

More than 3,000 nujeongwons are spread around South Korea now. The nujeongwons have sustained for more than 1,000 years in Korea.

Mercury has been recognised and used in Indonesia since the 90s. As the gold price increasing and... more Mercury has been recognised and used in Indonesia since the 90s. As the gold price increasing and decentralisation or local autonomous administration implemented in the early 2000, illegal gold mining activities also increased.

Until 2014, Indonesia still imports mercury from various countries. But since 2015, when the EU and the United States imposed a ban on mercury exports, the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia issued Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 75/M-DAG/PER/10/2014 which prohibits the import, trade and use of mercury in the mining sector. In 2016, Indonesia became one of the largest mercury producers and exporters in the world, exporting 635 tons of mercury to 13 countries.

Various studies have shown an increase in the activity of Small Scale Gold Mining or ASGM and mercury-induced pollution in several provinces in Indonesia. Kania Dewi (2012) identifies mercury emissions from the ASGM sector as the main source of mercury emissions (57.5%) in Indonesia. Globally, UNEP (2013) identifies the ASGM sector as a major contributor to global mercury emissions (37%).

This research was conducted in 2016 using literature study methodology, desk research, interviews, and field works. This study aims to present the current situation of mercury trade and supply in Indonesia, identifying knowledge gaps and providing recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders.