Dr. Adam O K E N E Ahmed | Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Adam O K E N E Ahmed

Kano Studies New Series 2000 Vol. No. 1 © Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria armoh@ buk. edu. ng Co... more Kano Studies New Series 2000 Vol. No. 1 © Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria armoh@ buk. edu. ng Colonial Conquest and Resistance: The Case of Ebiraland 1886-1917 AD Adam Ahmed Okene History Department, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna. Introduction From 1860, ...

Asian Social Science

Asian social science , 2021

The Lake Chad Basin is an important natural resource that cut across several countries among whic... more The Lake Chad Basin is an important natural resource that cut across several countries among which are Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Algeria, Central African Republic and Libya. In a bid to ensure the effective utilization of the water of the basin, the countries have engaged in cooperation through the creation of Lake Chad Basin Commission. The Commission has embarked on certain programmes to achieve its aim, hence the need for the assessment of the cooperation between countries around the basin. This work is an assessment albeit critical, of the cooperation within that commission. Part of the findings of the paper is that the Lake Chad Basin Commission has been unable to achieve objectives it sets for itself. Certain challenges which include but not limited to, lack of political will among members of the Commission, reoccurrence of violence, lack of adequate finance, poor organizational structure, cultural and language difference have worked either individually or in tandem to frustrate the realization of what appeared ab initio to be the noble and lofty goals of the commission. The contention of the paper therefore, is that the Lake Chad Basin Commission member states should reflect and modernize its initial objectives and operationalize the ingredients of its cooperation to derive the positivity laden in the agreements or else risk the extinction of an important water resource. Data for the paper were sourced using both primary and secondary. Other variables and methodological approaches like analysis, discourse, and accountability and of course, chronological delineations were generously employed in reconstruction. Study of this nature is multidisciplinary and knitted in the International studies, Security studies, and Diplomatic and Military history.

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the functional approach to second language ... more This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the functional approach to second language instruction in acquiring grammatical accuracy. In other words, the second language instruction that is semantically, interactionally (i.e. the meaning-oriented and interaction-oriented instructional techniques) and structurally based (i.e. the rule-oriented instructional techniques) enhances the acquisition of grammatical accuracy more effectively than the structural approach. The reason for such an investigation has resulted from the fact that many instructors of English use the structural and traditional approaches in teaching grammar. The consequence of using such approaches is the decline of English language among university students. Another reason for this investigation is the globalization of all the aspects of today's life which involves second/ foreign language learners to cope with the discourse of modern civilization, so that they can acquire the cross-cultural understanding worldwide through the multimedia and the other communication channels. This step can be achieved by the functional approach to second/ foreign language instruction. To verify the hypothesis, both the qualitative and quantitative research methods have been used to elicit the required data. The subjects of the study were the students majoring in English at the University of Nyala in Sudan. The data which was collected from the subjects, has been analyzed statistically by using a T-test. The results of the investigation have revealed that the functional approach to second language instruction is more effective in acquiring the grammatical accuracy than the structural approach. The study concludes with pedagogical implications and recommendations for the application of the functional approach in second/ foreign language learning/ teaching.

Maghreb, Middle East and the globe. Just for joining the so-called Arab spring that began in 2010... more Maghreb, Middle East and the globe. Just for joining the so-called Arab spring that began in 2010/11, may nations and counties in the Middle East have gone under. Both Iraq and Libya have become unimportant label and unfashionable footnotes to both Middle east and Global histories. Currently Egypt's neighbours Sudan and Algeria. Egypt has been able to hold itself from disintegration by foisting 'coup' against civilian and civil by reiterating its 'MILITARISM'. Military through Al-Sisi came to power through manoeuvre indicating that Military might still be the ultimate in 'lasting peace and lever' in the Maghreb and the entire Middle East. Egypt holds a pivotal role through deep historical experiences, achievements and suave relationship with the EU and the United States, has continuously support her critical and strategic roles in the Maghreb and the Middle East as a whole. Egypt's foreign policy relies on maintaining the status quo in all ramifications. whether in resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, in containing Iran, in counter-terrorism, in combating piracy and actin g as platform for the state of Israel and her senior allies and friends, Egypt's has always been critical roles player in the international scene. Any time it slides, Egypt quickly redefine its strategic vision and recapture its past status. Discussion on the role of a country in a specific region means, to a large extent, talking about its foreign policy vis-a-vis that region. To measure a country's role in another country or a set of countries, one needs to take into account the contribution that the acting country makes to what the partner country or countries consider as important issues to them. Though the paper is all about

RATIONALIZING THE TOPIC & THE PRESENTER; The Aim of this paper is to deliver a professorial Inaug... more RATIONALIZING THE TOPIC & THE PRESENTER;
The Aim of this paper is to deliver a professorial Inaugural lecture. Indeed, it is the 7th in the Series of lectures of this type at the Nigerian Defence Academy, Africa’s Top Military University, Kaduna Nigeria. It is often the believe though contestably that a Professor is not complete and or genuine until he/she delivers his/her Inaugural Lecture. As such, today I am fulfilling this cardinal requirement of the top echelon of the Academia. I thank all those who made this possible in their various capacities and relationship with me.
The FOCUS is BOKO HARAM SINCE 2009: A STUDY IN SECURITY HISTORY. There are several literatures latent and littering intellectual landscape and global academic shopping centre on the gamut of Boko Haram. However, there is none in those works that has linked the research to a new field, a fresh disciplinary call and a creativity in methodological delineation that has the potentiality of turning the profession of the academia nay History around albeit productively. This endeavor therefore to my knowledge is the first of its kind. It should be pointed out here that this endeavor is not a study of Boko Haram BUT about HOW TO STUDY BOKO HARAM & to a lesser degree, how to study other Conflicts, Crises, Wars, Imbroglios & etc, etc EVENTS using the methodology, methods and historiography of Security History.
The SCOPE is deliberately chosen to commence from the inception of the phenomenon. Boko Haram came to the public glare in 2009 when it went into confrontation with the policemen and its crude militarism unleashed on the people. Since then it has unbreakably continued to be a nightmare, a recurring decimal and an anguish to Nigeria and the World.

American International Journal of Contemporary Research,Vol.3 No. 6 CPI, USA, Jun 2013

Since 1999 when democratic governance returned to Nigeria several components of it have been un... more Since 1999 when democratic governance returned to Nigeria several components of it have been undergoing
violent conflicts majorly due to domestic contradictions that have bedeviled the country for long. Kogi Central
Senatorial District inhabited mainly by the Ebira people had its share of the violence; indeed, one of the most
gruesome in the post 1999 democratic Nigeria. Thus, the need to reinterpret the historical foundation of the
current experience. This can only be taken from the British invasion of the area in the late 19thCentury. The bid
to conquer Ebiraland by the British began in 1860 when the British firm, the National African Company, had
become firmly established in the Niger-Benue Confluence area with its headquarters in Lokoja. The British
conquest when it finally came in 1903 was gruesome and brutal. It was, simply put, militaristic. Yet as dramatic
as the conquest was pursued, it was typically inconclusive, because the Ebira put up resistance to the intervention
in their geo-polity for more than one and half decades, marking it out as one of the polities where the British had
a difficult task in establishing an ubiquitous colonial control and despotic political economy. This study is
therefore about the military manner in which the British conquered Ebiraland, the military manner in which the
people resisted the conquest, and indeed how the phenomenon laid the foundation of militarism in the sociopolitical
milieu and material contestations in the area. A study of this kind gives colour to the diversity in the
African conquest by the colonialists and the people’s resistance to the imposition, especially as it hopes to x-ray
the experience of a policy that had no centralized chain of command during the pre-colonial era, or what is
generally known in African history as a non-centralized political system. The colour would become more
appreciated as the study intends to carry out this survey from the purview of military interpretation of sources
away from the usual simplistic and casual examination of economic and socio-political imperatives and
ramifications. The outcome will benefit both students and scholars of colonialism, military researchers, political
scientists and sociologists. Public administrators, policy makers and military strategists will also find the
outcome of this research useful.
Key Words: Colonialism, militarism, conquest, resistance, truculent, independence

Abstract At its 50th Independence Anniversary in October 2010, Nigeria still grapple with seriou... more Abstract
At its 50th Independence Anniversary in October 2010, Nigeria still grapple with serious national insecurity,
ethno-communal conflicts and lacking socio- cultural integration and appreciable material development. Though
Nigeria’s current malaise can be traced to, among many other factors, the despotic nature of colonial rule, misrule
of autocratic military regimes of the past and the general bad political leadership that entrenched unpopular
policies, Nigeria need to invest massively on education and institute good governance that uphold the rule of law,
accountability, protection of human rights, free and independent electoral systems and forbid evils in order to join
the global comity of nations. In addition, the country can come out of the present predicament in which kidnapping
and drug trafficking have become norms by waging an unselective war on corruption, establishing effective
Agency for social mobilization and character reorientation, and entrenching principles of “Multiple Identities’ and
‘Unity in Diversity”. Above all, the country needs to modernize its security bodies to meet global challenges and
benchmarks just as Nigerians must accept the country as theirs and therefore abide by public rules, be patriotic,
uphold good neighbourliness and always preferring the national interests to selfish ambitions and personal greed.
However, the onus to implement these palliatives is not only with the scholars whose tasks undoubtedly, have
become more demanding than hitherto but particularly with the politicians, advisors, policy makers and
administrators of the Nigeria polity.

The academic theme of Islam and colonialism is controversial, vast and inexhaustive. With colonia... more The academic theme of Islam and colonialism is controversial, vast and inexhaustive. With colonialism almost all over the Muslim world from the mid 19 th Century and the diverse impacts and implications it has on the colonized countries, it is understandable if views differ and diverge. In Africa, Central and Southeast Asia as in most neocolonial countries of the world, colonial legacies still replete as they endured to the contemporary times. The study of Islam and colonialism in Northern Nigeria is expectedly so partly because of the nature and substance of the British rule between 1897, when Ilorin emirate was conquered and 1960, when the then colonially formed Nigeria got her independence. Northern Nigeria is diverse though dynamic and colorful in terms of its people, culture and socio-material setting. As such, Muhammad S. Umar's narrowing the research to the intellectual responses of the Northern Nigeria Muslims to British colonial rule is a brilliant decision. This is not to say that such a task is a simple one. The outcome of this research engagement is largely a success.

Abstract The return of democracy in Nigeria’s political landscape in 1999 after decades of eithe... more Abstract
The return of democracy in Nigeria’s political landscape in 1999 after decades of either brutal military dictatorship or
truncated democracy brought several opportunities to citizens. Democracy to Northern Nigeria Muslims meant an
avenue to return to the full application of Shari’ah Islamic law through the purview of operational 1999 constitution.
However, the manners of the implementation of sharia’h in an environment of pervasive official sleazebag,
infrastructural decay and lack of transparency created inertia, despondency and mistrust. If sharia’h is to have fruitful
meanings, it has to be developmental. This work discusses all these, the history and the controversies that surrounds
the application of shari’ah and insisted that sharia’h states of Nigeria should concentrate on the aspects that foster
prosperity, good governance, equity in ownership and distribution of wealth while also exploring developmental
micro- takaful and awkaf so as to improve the well beings of the poor.
Keywords: Plurality, Implementation, Awkaf, Takaful, Shari’ah, Legitimacy, Empowerment, Democratization.

Abstract By 1817 a remarkable revolution which swept across Bilad Sudan (Western Sudan/West ... more Abstract
By 1817 a remarkable revolution which swept across Bilad Sudan (Western Sudan/West Africa) from 1804 resulted in the establishment of Sokoto Caliphate with Capital at Sokoto currently in Northern Nigeria. The Caliphate with over 31 emirates established justices, integrity, honesty and multicultural statecraft and mutual co-existence in the realms of political administration, economics, social imperatives and diplomatic affairs. However about four decades into its creation, the Caliphate began to decline in contents and substance ostensibly in line with the Ibn Khaldunian cyclical theory of the rise and fall of nation. By 1904, the British brought the Caliphate system to an end by its invasion and subsequent occupation. A multi disciplinary study of this nature locates a historical phenomenon within a universal theory in order to appreciate the generational nature of the pontification. Its continue relevance in the contemporary times in a different form rekindle the senses of self consciousness, togetherness, confidence and hope among the diverse peoples and groups influenced by the Caliphate based on common experience, history and shared destiny. It also adds to the existing literature on the subject matter just as it evokes discourse at global level.

Kano Studies, Jan 1, 2000

Talks by Dr. Adam O K E N E Ahmed

Teaching Documents by Dr. Adam O K E N E Ahmed

At its 50 th Independence Anniversary in October 2010, Nigeria still grapple with serious nationa... more At its 50 th Independence Anniversary in October 2010, Nigeria still grapple with serious national insecurity, ethno-communal conflicts and lacking socio-cultural integration and appreciable material development. Though Nigeria"s current malaise can be traced to, among many other factors, the despotic nature of colonial rule, misrule of autocratic military regimes of the past and the general bad political leadership that entrenched unpopular policies, Nigeria need to invest massively on education and institute good governance that uphold the rule of law, accountability, protection of human rights, free and independent electoral systems and forbid evils in order to join the global comity of nations. In addition, the country can come out of the present predicament in which kidnapping and drug trafficking have become norms by waging an unselective war on corruption, establishing effective Agency for social mobilization and character reorientation, and entrenching principles of "Multiple Identities" and "Unity in Diversity". Above all, the country needs to modernize its security bodies to meet global challenges and benchmarks just as Nigerians must accept the country as theirs and therefore abide by public rules, be patriotic, uphold good neighbourliness and always preferring the national interests to selfish ambitions and personal greed. However, the onus to implement these palliatives is not only with the scholars whose tasks undoubtedly, have become more demanding than hitherto but particularly with the politicians, advisors, policy makers and administrators of the Nigeria polity.

Drafts by Dr. Adam O K E N E Ahmed

National Broadcasting Commission Annual Lecture, 2019

The media has an important role in combating national malaises and quagmires: it informs and educ... more The media has an important role in combating national malaises and quagmires: it informs and educates the public on various issues of development, growth and national dysfunctionalities as well as the propose and the implement strategies for peace, stability, integration and sustainable development. In the recent past, the conduct and the role of the mainstream media in the fight against challenges militating against the Nigerian state, especially in the area of insecurity is an issue of great concern to the government and the general public. The media in general and broadcasting specifically, through their news coverage influences the public attitude towards government policies and private activities as they relate to security which, in turn, has a direct impact on their overall effectiveness. This paper at the request of the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), examines contemporary challenges to the Nigerian State, focusing on the need for constructive broadcasting engagements in combating them. A qualitative method of data collection was used to analyze how the media reports these security problems and other ramificative national issues. Results showed that the broadcast media; radio and television and generally, audio-visual, have been inconsistent and tend to focus more on certain kinds of domestic negativities and insecurity, aspect that causes misinformation and misleading the public on important matters. Additionally, the analysis found that most of the Media engage in sensationalization and framing of news stories to influence certain public agenda even if they undermine critical national security. Often the approaches used are not objective and developmentally informative. All these methodologies undermine productive public awareness on important issues as they relate to security. However, the study acknowledges that the broadcast media has a significant role in the fight against contemporary challenges bedeviling the nation and recommends that it should avoid emphasizing dramatic, violent and conflicting accounts on insecurity particularly where they debase national stability and cohesion. Lastly, the paper recommends that broadcast media should maintain high levels of ethical professionalism and adhere to the code of conduct when covering and relaying matters especially of national importance. It further recommends that, given its mandate and responsibilities towards the nation and the citizenry, NBC should sanction erring media houses to maintain germane broadcasting where national peace, unity and security is enhanced.

UNITY IN POLITICS OF EBIRALAND, 2019

After long time, Ebira has returned to political decision centre of the Nigeria’s polity The lon... more After long time, Ebira has returned to political decision centre of the Nigeria’s polity
The long time was charaterised by intrigues, death, blood, internal dysfunctionalities, destructions, terror & brigandage. The period between 2004 & 2009 was the apex- time negative watershed, evil epics & unforgotten nightmare. Police invasion of Ogaminana (24th & 26th Feb 2008). Inorere Vs Idanuhwa; Iruvucheba Vs Idozumi; Obehira Vs Okengwe; Idoji Vs Ivariki; Clan/Sectional War at Ihima.
Causative agents/ PDP Vs AC; Clan wars; Cultural disorientation of Old Vs New World; Religious cleavages; Kogi Stae Vs Kogi Central (Ostracization/youth restlessness, unemployment, general poverty, bootlicking, desperation, frustration & violence
Consequences; depopulation, poverty, death, emergency migration, business, commerce, market systems collapsed, education went into prostrate, brigandage on the ways & effects of admission of Ebira into higher institutions, social degradation & ostracize of Ebira origins in other climes, etc (National pop allocated paltry 26.98% (884,369) to Ebira of Kogi State total pop)

The brigandage that featured Ebiral land at the period made me to declare the POLITICAL FATWA during the EYC Summit Symposium of 2019 that certain category of Ebira politicians should go on POLITICAL SABBATICAL of 2009.
Today the Ebira are at the cross road as to whether to capitalize on the success of 2015 by working for the re-election of Governor Yahaya Bello or to throw it away out of anger, confusion and inability to aggregate and dissect the socio- cultural and partisan dynamism of the present
All these intrigues, problems & lack of agreement among the peoples of Kog State Central Senatorial District mean that that are problems to be discussed and solved. Thus, this is both Statement of Problem & Justification. Hopefully, the gathering will derive some lessons both from History & the contemporary. Thus again, the Relevance of this topic for discussion and fundamentally at the this auspicious Time

Asian Social Science

Asian social science , 2021

American International Journal of Contemporary Research,Vol.3 No. 6 CPI, USA, Jun 2013

Kano Studies, Jan 1, 2000

National Broadcasting Commission Annual Lecture, 2019

UNITY IN POLITICS OF EBIRALAND, 2019