Saminu Ahmed | Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Papers by Saminu Ahmed
European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research
Water is life when it’s safe. Water demand means the quantity produced by treatment plants in ord... more Water is life when it’s safe. Water demand means the quantity produced by treatment plants in order to meet all water needs in the community. While water supply is the process of accumulation, transmission, treatment, and distribution. In this study, first-hand information was derived through the process of distributing questionnaires and verbal interviews. The secondary data was obtained from related books, journals, published and unpublished texts, documents magazines, conference articles, government ministries, and agencies. The ministry concerned is of Water Resources. The generated data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interactive linear regression of the data was also employed on R software. The correlation coefficient, R2 of water demand and supply in the area is 1 (i.e.100%). This means there is a strong positive linear correlation between water demand and water supply in Kaduna North. The p-value was obtained as 2.2 x 10-16 which shows that the reg...
Copyright © 2013 Haruna Garba et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creativ... more Copyright © 2013 Haruna Garba et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper applied the use of a stochastic weather generator at the site of a hydrological model to simulate the impact of climate change on the sub-surface hydrological response of Kaduna River as a basis for a sustainable ground water de-velopment plan. Average time series of rainfall, temperature and gauge height observed readings were downscaled to the watershed flow volume and applied as forcing to simulate the ground water response as spatially lumped, ignoring the heterogeneous nature of the ground water aquifer. Future simulations indicate increase in base flow, ground storage and decrease soil storage throughout the summer and autumn months for the catchment.
Nigerian Journal of Technology, 2018
The Inverse Distance Weighing (IDW) technique for rainfall interpolation considered by researcher... more The Inverse Distance Weighing (IDW) technique for rainfall interpolation considered by researchers as a suitable method for predicting missing rainfall records was used to estimate missing rainfall records in River Kaduna Catchment area from 1979-1990. Distances among respective rainfall stations were used to calculate the weighing factor for stations with missing records and radius of influence of 22.5-201km. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to test the accuracy of the assessment and the results were validated using correlation coefficient. From the results of the analysis through optimization of steps of α values and radius of influence, the smaller the optimum parameter value the better the prediction and in most cases the accuracy increases at short optimum search radii, also small amount and long duration rainfall values enhances the prediction potential of the IDW. Keywords : Rainfall data, Inverse Distance Weighing, Interpolation, Optimum parameter.
A method for simulating future rainfall events using improved k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN... more A method for simulating future rainfall events using improved k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) used in this study. A simulation day was selected in the month of August. The algorithm steps and resampling with historical data was applied to simulate rainfall events in Kaduna River catchment as a basis for future understanding about the characteristics of the basin. Simulated datasets for the months of April, May, June, July, August, September, and October yielded nearly exact reproduction of the historical data. In the simulation performance, the statistical characteristics such as mean, standard deviation, variance, cumulative probability, covariance, skewness, cross correlation are all preserved by the K-NN model. The results clearly showed that the above Technique can be used for generating future rainfall events that means, it can be used for hydrological investigation about characteristics of a basin for future developments.
This paper applied the use of a stochastic weather generator at the site of a hydrological model ... more This paper applied the use of a stochastic weather generator at the site of a hydrological model to simulate the impact of climate change on a Tropical River flooding, aimed at developing a quantitative understanding of the changing behavior of hydrological systems under climate change. Prior to the simulation, the model was calibrated and validated with historical data, to obtain process parameters. Simulations with the model indicates an increase in the magnitude and frequency of flooding events associated with higher return periods KEYWORDS; Hydrological, Climate change, Flood, Statistical, Frequency distribution
Despite its position on solid waste management hierarchy, landfill remains the most predominant s... more Despite its position on solid waste management hierarchy, landfill remains the most predominant solid waste disposal option in the world. The approaches adopted in Nigeria of open dumping, open burning and burying are inundated with environmental contamination due to lack of appropriate barriers such as bottom and side liners, covers and leachate collection and treatment facilities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of ‘contained’ landfill as a final disposal approach for Nigeria.A contained landfill site was evaluated to determine its contamination potential and equipment where landfill gas quality and equipment were assessed on site and leachates were collected and tested in the lab. Laboratory tests conducted on leachate samples were pH, conductivity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia (NH4), suspended solids (SS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and Temperature.The results of the analysis show low organic loading such as COD of...
m a km m u @ r e d i ff m a il.c o m A g g a r w a l _ v a n it a @ r e d if f m ail . c o m Abst... more m a km m u @ r e d i ff m a il.c o m A g g a r w a l _ v a n it a @ r e d if f m ail . c o m Abstract-The study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater quality of Aligarh city, (India). Groundwater samples were collected from 40 wells and analyzed for 20 water quality parameters in post-monsoon seasons during the year 2013. High coefficient of variance indicates variability of physico-chemical parameters concentrations in ground water. The descriptive statistical analysis was done beside Pearson correlation. From correlation analysis it was observed that very strong correlations exist between total hardness and Mg ++ (0.99), TDS and total hardness (0.88), TDS and Chloride (0.87).
European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research
Water is life when it’s safe. Water demand means the quantity produced by treatment plants in ord... more Water is life when it’s safe. Water demand means the quantity produced by treatment plants in order to meet all water needs in the community. While water supply is the process of accumulation, transmission, treatment, and distribution. In this study, first-hand information was derived through the process of distributing questionnaires and verbal interviews. The secondary data was obtained from related books, journals, published and unpublished texts, documents magazines, conference articles, government ministries, and agencies. The ministry concerned is of Water Resources. The generated data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interactive linear regression of the data was also employed on R software. The correlation coefficient, R2 of water demand and supply in the area is 1 (i.e.100%). This means there is a strong positive linear correlation between water demand and water supply in Kaduna North. The p-value was obtained as 2.2 x 10-16 which shows that the reg...
Copyright © 2013 Haruna Garba et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creativ... more Copyright © 2013 Haruna Garba et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper applied the use of a stochastic weather generator at the site of a hydrological model to simulate the impact of climate change on the sub-surface hydrological response of Kaduna River as a basis for a sustainable ground water de-velopment plan. Average time series of rainfall, temperature and gauge height observed readings were downscaled to the watershed flow volume and applied as forcing to simulate the ground water response as spatially lumped, ignoring the heterogeneous nature of the ground water aquifer. Future simulations indicate increase in base flow, ground storage and decrease soil storage throughout the summer and autumn months for the catchment.
Nigerian Journal of Technology, 2018
The Inverse Distance Weighing (IDW) technique for rainfall interpolation considered by researcher... more The Inverse Distance Weighing (IDW) technique for rainfall interpolation considered by researchers as a suitable method for predicting missing rainfall records was used to estimate missing rainfall records in River Kaduna Catchment area from 1979-1990. Distances among respective rainfall stations were used to calculate the weighing factor for stations with missing records and radius of influence of 22.5-201km. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to test the accuracy of the assessment and the results were validated using correlation coefficient. From the results of the analysis through optimization of steps of α values and radius of influence, the smaller the optimum parameter value the better the prediction and in most cases the accuracy increases at short optimum search radii, also small amount and long duration rainfall values enhances the prediction potential of the IDW. Keywords : Rainfall data, Inverse Distance Weighing, Interpolation, Optimum parameter.
A method for simulating future rainfall events using improved k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN... more A method for simulating future rainfall events using improved k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) used in this study. A simulation day was selected in the month of August. The algorithm steps and resampling with historical data was applied to simulate rainfall events in Kaduna River catchment as a basis for future understanding about the characteristics of the basin. Simulated datasets for the months of April, May, June, July, August, September, and October yielded nearly exact reproduction of the historical data. In the simulation performance, the statistical characteristics such as mean, standard deviation, variance, cumulative probability, covariance, skewness, cross correlation are all preserved by the K-NN model. The results clearly showed that the above Technique can be used for generating future rainfall events that means, it can be used for hydrological investigation about characteristics of a basin for future developments.
This paper applied the use of a stochastic weather generator at the site of a hydrological model ... more This paper applied the use of a stochastic weather generator at the site of a hydrological model to simulate the impact of climate change on a Tropical River flooding, aimed at developing a quantitative understanding of the changing behavior of hydrological systems under climate change. Prior to the simulation, the model was calibrated and validated with historical data, to obtain process parameters. Simulations with the model indicates an increase in the magnitude and frequency of flooding events associated with higher return periods KEYWORDS; Hydrological, Climate change, Flood, Statistical, Frequency distribution
Despite its position on solid waste management hierarchy, landfill remains the most predominant s... more Despite its position on solid waste management hierarchy, landfill remains the most predominant solid waste disposal option in the world. The approaches adopted in Nigeria of open dumping, open burning and burying are inundated with environmental contamination due to lack of appropriate barriers such as bottom and side liners, covers and leachate collection and treatment facilities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of ‘contained’ landfill as a final disposal approach for Nigeria.A contained landfill site was evaluated to determine its contamination potential and equipment where landfill gas quality and equipment were assessed on site and leachates were collected and tested in the lab. Laboratory tests conducted on leachate samples were pH, conductivity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia (NH4), suspended solids (SS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and Temperature.The results of the analysis show low organic loading such as COD of...
m a km m u @ r e d i ff m a il.c o m A g g a r w a l _ v a n it a @ r e d if f m ail . c o m Abst... more m a km m u @ r e d i ff m a il.c o m A g g a r w a l _ v a n it a @ r e d if f m ail . c o m Abstract-The study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater quality of Aligarh city, (India). Groundwater samples were collected from 40 wells and analyzed for 20 water quality parameters in post-monsoon seasons during the year 2013. High coefficient of variance indicates variability of physico-chemical parameters concentrations in ground water. The descriptive statistical analysis was done beside Pearson correlation. From correlation analysis it was observed that very strong correlations exist between total hardness and Mg ++ (0.99), TDS and total hardness (0.88), TDS and Chloride (0.87).