Preclinical Remodeling of Human Prostate Cancer through the PTEN/AKT Pathway - PubMed (original) (raw)
Preclinical Remodeling of Human Prostate Cancer through the PTEN/AKT Pathway
Marco A De Velasco et al. Adv Urol. 2012.
Abstract
Knowledge gained from the identification of genetic and epigenetic alterations that contribute to the progression of prostate cancer in humans is now being implemented in the development of functionally relevant translational models. GEM (genetically modified mouse) models are being developed to incorporate the same molecular defects associated with human prostate cancer. Haploinsufficiency is common in prostate cancer and homozygous loss of PTEN is strongly correlated with advanced disease. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of the PTEN knockout mouse and the cooperation between PTEN and other genetic alterations in tumor development and progression. Additionally, we will outline key points that make these models key players in the development of personalized medicine, as potential tools for target and biomarker development and validation as well as models for drug discovery.
Figures
Figure 1
Modeling prostate cancer in the PTEN conditional knockout mouse model. (A) PSACre/PTENloxP/loxP can be used to screen for tumor response against targeted therapies in chemoprevention, intervention, or regression models using noncastrated or castrated mice. (B) Comprehensive genomic and proteomic analyses can be performed in PSACre/PTENloxP/+, PSACre/PTENloxP/loxP, or bigenic mutants to identify candidate genes or proteins signatures aberrantly expressed between different pathologic, genomic, or temporal disease conditions. (C) Cooperation between genetic and nongenetic factors can be assessed in tumor development in both homozygous and heterozygous _PTEN_-conditional mutant mice.
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