Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with prebiotic effect increase satietogenic gut peptides and reduce metabolic endotoxemia in diet-induced obese mice - PubMed (original) (raw)

Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with prebiotic effect increase satietogenic gut peptides and reduce metabolic endotoxemia in diet-induced obese mice

A M Neyrinck et al. Nutr Diabetes. 2012.

Abstract

Background: Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota -known as dysbiosis- have been proposed to contribute to the development of obesity, thereby supporting the potential interest of nutrients acting on the gut microbes to produce beneficial effect on host energetic metabolism. Non-digestible fermentable carbohydrates present in cereals may be interesting nutrients able to influence the gut microbiota composition.

Objective and design: The aim of the present study was to test the prebiotic potency of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) prepared from wheat bran in a nutritional model of obesity, associated with a low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Mice were fed either a control diet or a high fat (HF) diet, or a HF diet supplemented with AXOS during 8 weeks.

Results: AXOS supplementation induced caecal and colon enlargement associated with an important bifidogenic effect. It increased the level of circulating satietogenic peptides produced by the colon (peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1), and coherently counteracted HF-induced body weight gain and fat mass development. HF-induced hyperinsulinemia and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance were decreased upon AXOS feeding. In addition, AXOS reduced HF-induced metabolic endotoxemia, macrophage infiltration (mRNA of F4/80) in the adipose tissue and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the plasma. The tight junction proteins (zonula occludens 1 and claudin 3) altered upon HF feeding were upregulated by AXOS treatment suggesting that the lower inflammatory tone was associated with the improvement of gut barrier function.

Conclusion: Together, these findings suggest that specific non-digestible carbohydrates produced from cereals such as AXOS constitute a promising prebiotic nutrient in the control of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Body weight evolution (a), body weight gain (b), caloric intake (c) and weight of epididymal (d), subcutaneous (e) and visceral (f) adipose tissues of mice fed a control diet (CT), a high fat diet (HF) or a HF diet supplemented with arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (HF-AXOS) for 8 weeks. *P<0.05 versus CT and §P<0.05 versus HF (ANOVA).

Figure 2

Figure 2

Weight of caecal content (a), caecal tissue (b) and colon tissue (c). Caecal bacterial content of Bifidobacterium spp. (d), Lactobacillus spp. (e) and Bacteroides-Prevotella spp. (f). Mice were fed a control diet (CT), a high fat diet (HF) or a HF diet supplemented with arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (HF-AXOS) for 8 weeks. *P<0.05 versus CT and §P<0.05 versus HF (ANOVA).

Figure 3

Figure 3

Portal amylin (a), pancreatic polypeptide (b), leptin (c), ghrelin (d), peptide YY (PYY) (e) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (f) concentrations in mice fed a control diet (CT), a high fat diet (HF) or a HF diet supplemented with arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (HF-AXOS) for 8 weeks. Data show individual values with a bar representing the mean value. *P<0.05 versus CT and §P<0.05 versus HF (ANOVA). #P<0.05, Chi-square test, HF-AXOS versus HF group.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (a) and zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) expression in the colon (b) in mice fed a control diet (CT), a high fat diet (HF) or a HF diet supplemented with arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (HF-AXOS) for 8 weeks. *P<0.05 versus CT and §P<0.05 versus HF (ANOVA).

Figure 5

Figure 5

PCA. (a) Score plot of all parameters investigated in this study in mice fed a standard diet (○), a high fat (HF) diet (•) or a HF diet supplemented with arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (HF-AXOS) (formula image) for 8 weeks. (b) Projection of the parameters significantly modified by AXOS treatment in the plane defined by the two first PCs (loading plot). BW, body weight; IL, interleukin; PYY, peptide YY; ZO, zonula occludens; SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue weight; EAT, epididymal adipose tissue weight; LPS, endotoxemia; FIAF, fasting-induced adipose factor; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance.

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