Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols - PubMed (original) (raw)

Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols

Vincenzo Nobile et al. Food Nutr Res. 2016.

Abstract

Background: Plant polyphenols have been found to be effective in preventing ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin alterations. A dietary approach based of these compounds could be a safe and effective method to provide a continuous adjunctive photoprotection measure. In a previous study, a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) extracts has exhibited potential photoprotective effects both in skin cell model and in a human pilot trial.

Objective: We investigated the efficacy of a combination of rosemary (R. officinalis) and grapefruit (C. paradisi) in decreasing the individual susceptibility to UVR exposure (redness and lipoperoxides) and in improving skin wrinkledness and elasticity.

Design: A randomised, parallel group study was carried out on 90 subjects. Furthermore, a pilot, randomised, crossover study was carried out on five subjects. Female subjects having skin phototype from I to III and showing mild to moderate chrono- or photoageing clinical signs were enrolled in both studies. Skin redness (a* value of CIELab colour space) after UVB exposure to 1 minimal erythemal dose (MED) was assessed in the pilot study, while MED, lipoperoxides (malondialdehyde) skin content, wrinkle depth (image analysis), and skin elasticity (suction and elongation method) were measured in the main study.

Results: Treated subjects showed a decrease of the UVB- and UVA-induced skin alterations (decreased skin redness and lipoperoxides) and an improvement of skin wrinkledness and elasticity. No differences were found between the 100 and 250 mg extracts doses, indicating a plateau effect starting from 100 mg extracts dose. Some of the positive effects were noted as short as 2 weeks of product consumption.

Conclusions: The long-term oral intake of Nutroxsun™ can be considered to be a complementary nutrition strategy to avoid the negative effects of sun exposure. The putative mechanism for these effects is most likely to take place through the inhibition of UVR-induced reactive oxygen species and the concomitant inflammatory markers (lipoperoxides and cytokines) together with their direct action on intracellular signalling pathways.

Keywords: Citrus paradisi; Rosmarinus officinalis; antiageing; clinical study; photoprotection; plants extracts.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Study flow and schedule of assessments chart. Subjects were first screened in the Farcoderm volunteers database (keywords: Sex = ‘female’, Age = ‘18’, Skin phototype = ‘I < phototype < III’, Skin type: ‘ageing or photoageing’, Testing preferences: ‘food supplements’). Eligible participants were then screened by a board certified dermatologist. During the screening visit, a physical examination was carried out in order to assess the uniformity of the test area (back) and the clinical sign of skin ageing on the face. Subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were then enrolled and randomised to participate in the short- or in the long-term study. Legend:

, physical examination; , informed consent signature; , eligibility check; , randomisation; PM*, provisional MED measurement (carried out only before study start); M, MED; L, lipoperoxides; W, wrinkle depth; E, skin elasticity; R, skin redness product intake.

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

(a) UV exposure site and subsites. (b) Minimal erythema dose (MED).

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

Skin elasticity curve. (a) R2 parameter calculation. (b) R5 parameter calculation.

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Flow chart of inclusion of subjects.

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

Skin redness time course after 1 MED UVB exposure. Data are means (arbitrary units)±SE. *Statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to 24 h;

Product intake.

Fig. 6

Fig. 6

Skin redness variation after 1 MED UVB exposure. Digital pictures of (a) placebo, (b) 100 mg extracts dose, and (c) 250 mg extracts dose were taken using a Nikon D300 camera (Nikon corporate, Japan) equipped with a Nikon macro lens (AF-S Micro Nikkor 60 mm f/2.8 G ED) and parallel-polarised filters.

Fig. 7

Fig. 7

Minimal erythemal dose (MED) before and after 0.5, 1, and 2 months treatment. Intragroup (vs. 0) statistical analysis is reported inside the bars of the histogram. Intergroup (vs. placebo) statistical analysis is reported upon the bars of the histogram. Statistical analysis is reported as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. Data are means (mJ/cm2)±SE.

Fig. 8

Fig. 8

Digital pictures of (a) placebo, (b) 100 mg extracts dose, and (c) 250 mg extracts dose were taken using a Nikon D300 camera (Nikon corporate, Japan) equipped with a Nikon macro lens (AF-S Micro Nikkor 60 mm f/2.8 G ED) and parallel-polarised filters. The a* (CIELab chromatic space) channel image is reported in order to enhance image contrast. The blue circle indicates the MED.

Fig. 9

Fig. 9

Wrinkle depth before and after 0.5, 1, and 2 months treatment. Intragroup (vs. 0) statistical analysis is reported inside the bars of the histogram. Intergroup (vs. placebo) statistical analysis is reported upon the bars of the histogram. Statistical analysis is reported as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. Data are means (µm)±SE.

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