Similarities and differences in gut microbiome composition correlate with dietary patterns of Indian and Chinese adults - PubMed (original) (raw)

Similarities and differences in gut microbiome composition correlate with dietary patterns of Indian and Chinese adults

Abhishek Jain et al. AMB Express. 2018.

Abstract

The interaction between diet and gut microbiota, and ultimately their link to health, has turned into the concentration of huge research. However, this relationship still needs to be fully characterized, particularly in case of the Asian population. We compared the fecal bacterial diversity and composition of healthy Indian and Chinese adults, ages 22-35 years, using next-generation sequencing analysis on IlluminaHiSeq 2500 platform. Our analysis revealed unique community structure, dominant Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and underrepresented Bacteroides, of Indian and Chinese gut bacteria. This community structure closely matched with the gut bacterial composition of the Russian population. Therefore, we hypothesized that enrichment of these bacterial clades is supported by high consumption of starch-rich diet such as rice, potato, refined grains. The dominance of genus Bifidobacterium due to carbohydrate-rich diet is another notable feature of this study. Moreover, Indian gut bacteria are significantly represented by Bacteroidetes (p = 0.001) and Prevotella (p = 0.002) in contrast to Chinese, which could be associated with whole grains and plant-based vegetarian diet of Indians. The gut bacterial population of Indian adults were as diverse as Chinese adults (p > 0.1), but significant difference was noticed in gut bacterial composition and relative abundance between two populations (R = 0.625, p < 0.005). Partial least squares discriminant analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling plots showed dietary habit wise clustering of subjects. Thus, the present work confirms an important role of diet in determining gut bacterial composition. LEfse analysis revealed genera Prevotella, Megasphaera, Catenibacterium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus and species Prevotella copri, Lactobacillus ruminis as the potential biomarkers of diet.

Keywords: Asian; Bacteroidetes; Diet; Gut microbiota; Next-generation sequencing; Prevotella.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Taxon composition profile of Indian and Chinese gut bacteria. The numbers after the taxonomic ranks are the relative abundances of the corresponding taxon in gut bacteria

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Relative abundance distribution of top 10 bacterial clades from the gut bacterial profiles of Indian and Chinese adults at various taxon levels including a phyla, b classes, c orders, d families, e genera

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

Subjects are clustered based on their dietary habits. a Partial least square discriminant analysis of gut bacterial profiles of Indian and Chinese adults. b Relative abundance heat map of top 35 genera

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Rarefaction curves and rank abundance curves of alpha diversity: (Left) in rarefaction curves plot, X-axis is number sequencing reads randomly chosen from a certain sample to obtain OTUs. Y-axis is corresponding OTUs. (Right) in rank abundance curves plot, X-axis is the abundance rank. Y-axis is the relative abundance. Curves for different samples are represented by different colours

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

Gut microbiota composition and relative abundance differ between healthy Indian and Chinese adults. a NMDS plot of the gut bacterial profiles. Each data point represents a subject. The stress factor value < 0.2 shows the reliability of results. b Beta diversity box plots of unweighted and weighted unifrac distances. c UPGMA hierarchical clustering based on unweighted and weighted unifrac distances produced distinct clusters which distinguished Indian adults and Chinese adults

Fig. 6

Fig. 6

LEfse analysis identified gut bacterial biomarkers of diet. a The histogram of the LDA scores presents species (biomarker) whose abundance showed significant differences between Indian and Chinese adults. The length of each bin, namely, the LDA score, represents the effect size i.e. the extent to which a biomarker can explain the differentiating phenotypes between groups. b In cladogram, circles radiating from inner side to outer side represents taxonomic level from phylum to genus (species). Each circle’s diameter is proportional to the taxon’s relative abundance. Red nodes refer to the bacteria contributed a lot in Chinese adults, green nodes refer to the bacteria dominant in Indians

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